EP2718642B1 - Circuit de réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs - Google Patents

Circuit de réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2718642B1
EP2718642B1 EP12796452.6A EP12796452A EP2718642B1 EP 2718642 B1 EP2718642 B1 EP 2718642B1 EP 12796452 A EP12796452 A EP 12796452A EP 2718642 B1 EP2718642 B1 EP 2718642B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
refrigeration circuit
receiver
suction
evaporators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12796452.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2718642A4 (fr
EP2718642A1 (fr
Inventor
Sergio Girotto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huurre Group Oy
ENEX Srl
Original Assignee
Huurre Group Oy
ENEX Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT000077A external-priority patent/ITTV20110077A1/it
Priority claimed from IT000141A external-priority patent/ITTV20110141A1/it
Priority claimed from IT000010A external-priority patent/ITTV20120010A1/it
Application filed by Huurre Group Oy, ENEX Srl filed Critical Huurre Group Oy
Priority to PL12796452T priority Critical patent/PL2718642T3/pl
Publication of EP2718642A1 publication Critical patent/EP2718642A1/fr
Publication of EP2718642A4 publication Critical patent/EP2718642A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2718642B1 publication Critical patent/EP2718642B1/fr
Priority to HRP20161607TT priority patent/HRP20161607T1/hr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
    • F25B2341/0012—Ejectors with the cooled primary flow at high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2509—Economiser valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2521—On-off valves controlled by pulse signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-evaporator refrigeration circuit, deployed both in low pressure and intermediate pressure receiver versions, adapted to use carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
  • the refrigeration circuit comprises at least a compressor; a condenser/gas cooler; a high pressure regulating valve; a liquid/vapour separator; a pressure limiting valve; a liquid level sensing device; two or more evaporators; and a suction receiver, wherein the refrigeration circuit is adapted to feed the liquid refrigerant to the two or more evaporators from said separator through a throttling device.
  • the present invention also relates to the extension of the above circuit to a booster concept, where two different evaporation levels are made available, comprising the booster concept, beside the above components, at least a low temperature compressor; two or more evaporators; and a regenerative heat exchanger; wherein the method comprises feeding the liquid refrigerant to the two or more evaporators from said separator through the regenerative heat exchanger and a throttling device.
  • TV2011A000141 present a mode of embodiment of a refrigeration system of this type that is characterized by a degree of overfeeding of the evaporators, but without the use of a circulation pump and without direct control of the superheating, that is the difference between refrigerant temperature at evaporator outlet and saturated temperature at evaporating pressure. It can thus obtain a greater efficiency of heat transfer in the evaporators without the complication of using a circulation pump, as well as a higher saturated suction temperature for a given temperature of fluid or body to be cooled, and consequently a higher efficiency of the whole system.
  • One of the key points of the invention as described in the aforementioned patent applications is a circuit arrangement such as to allow the transfer of excess of liquid, i.e. the flow rate circulated in evaporators, but not evaporated, from the low pressure receiver into the liquid / vapour separator at medium pressure.
  • the refrigeration system described in the two patent applications mentioned above provides for use of a single cold temperature.
  • usage of both medium temperatures MT, i.e. temperatures in the neighborhood of 0 ° C, and low temperatures BT, i.e. temperatures in the neighborhood of -30 ° C are present. It is therefore appropriate to extend the scope of the previously described refrigeration system also to the case where two temperature levels are present, possibly with the most economical and efficient way available when using CO 2 as a refrigerant, i.e. the configuration called "booster".
  • This configuration using the two levels of evaporation temperatures is made with two different compressors or groups of compressors.
  • the suction from the lower pressure compressor or group of compressors compress(es) the vapour to the suction pressure of the compressor or the group compressor to the upper level which coincides with the evaporation temperature of the medium temperature.
  • Said compressor at a higher level of pressure then will provide both the removal of the vapour produced in evaporators for medium temperature and also compression to the higher pressure of the cycle of the fluid evaporated at the lower temperature level and compressed by the low pressure stage compressors.
  • Such embodiment is the object of the Italian patent application TV2012A000010 .
  • a patent application US 2010/0199707 discloses a refrigerating system which comprises a compressor, a heat rejection device, an expansion device, an evaporator and a receiver, capable of operating with the compressor discharge higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant.
  • the compressor pumps refrigerant gas to a high pressure condition at which it can reject heat to atmosphere or some other cooling medium.
  • the gas is conducted from the compressor through pipes to the heat rejection device.
  • the cooled refrigerant passes through pipes to a heat exchanger located in the receiver and from there through pipes to the evaporator.
  • the flow outlet from the heat rejection device is regulated by a pressure control valve, the pressure downstream of the pressure control valve is regulated by a gas vent valve, the refrigerant flow to the evaporator is further regulated by an automatic control device at the inlet to the evaporator, and the automatic control device being set to permit intermittent flow of liquid refrigerant to the receiver during normal operation of the system.
  • the refrigerant may be carbon dioxide, which may operate under transcritical pressures e.g. 80 to 120 bar absolute.
  • the receiver acts as a trap for any liquid from the evaporator.
  • a refrigeration ciruit which is adapted to use carbon dioxide as a liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigeration circuit is primarily characterized in that the refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one ejector comprising a suction port, in parallel to the high pressure regulating valve; and that the refrigeration circuit is adapted to drive cold liquid from the suction receiver to the suction port of said at least one ejector, being activated for direct charge transfer, for maintaining a sufficient liquid level in the liquid/vapour separator even if the mass flow circulating in the two or more evaporators is higher than the mass flow evaporated, through an opening of a first control valve in the line from the suction receiver to the suction port of the at least one ejector, based on a maximum level signal generated by the liquid level sensing device, whenever the level of liquid refrigerant in said suction receiver is above a set maximum level.
  • a method in a multi-evaporator refrigeration circuit which is adapted to use carbon dioxide as a liquid refrigerant.
  • the method is primarily characterized in that the refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one ejector comprising a suction port included in parallel to the high pressure regulating valve; wherein the method further comprises direct driving of cold liquid from the suction receiver to the suction port of said at least one ejector for maintaining a sufficient liquid level in the liquid/vapour separator even if the mass flow circulating in the two or more evaporators is higher than the mass flow evaporated, through an opening of one valve in the line from the low pressure receiver to the suction port of the ejector, based on a maximum level signal generated by the liquid level sensing device, whenever the level of liquid in said suction receiver is above a set maximum level.
  • a refrigeration circuit of low pressure receiver type which is primarily characterized in that the refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one ejector, comprising a suction port, in parallel to the high pressure regulating valve; and that the refrigeration circuit is adapted to drive cold liquid from the suction receiver to the suction port of said at least one ejector, being activated for the charge transfer for maintaining a sufficient liquid level in the liquid/vapour separator even if the mass flow circulating in the two or more evaporators is higher than the mass flow evaporated, through an opening of a first control valve in the line from the suction receiver to the suction port of the at least one ejector, based on a minimum level signal generated by the liquid level sensing device, whenever the level of liquid refrigerant in said liquid vapour separator is below a set minimum level.
  • a method which is primarily characterized in that the refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one ejector comprising a suction port included in parallel to the high pressure regulating valve; wherein the method further comprises direct driving of cold liquid from the suction receiver to the suction port of said at least one ejector for maintaining a sufficient liquid level in the liquid/vapour separator even if the mass flow circulating in the two or more evaporators is higher than the mass flow evaporated, through an opening of a first control valve in the line from the low pressure receiver to the suction port of the at least one ejector, based on a minimum level signal generated by the liquid level sensing device, whenever the level of liquid refrigerant in said liquid vapour separator is below a set minimum level.
  • a further mean of a charge transfer between the suction receiver and the liquid/vapour separator, of indirect type, is considered.
  • a liquid / vapour separator 5 Downstream of the valve 4 is present a liquid / vapour separator 5 having the function of separating the flash vapour, produced by the first expansion through the valve 4, from the liquid intended to supply the evaporators.
  • the refrigerant leaving the condenser / gas cooler 2 is entered, prior to entry to the valve 4, in a regenerative exchanger 3 in which the refrigerant is cooled by heat exchange with the fluid contained in the suction receiver 8.
  • a certain flow rate of refrigerant liquid contained in said receiver 8 will circulate due to the density difference in the primary heat exchanger 3, connected for thermosiphon-like circulation, and return to the form of vapour at the top of the suction receiver 8 itself.
  • the resulting cooling of the fluid in one circuit of heat exchanger 3 will produce a reduction of the amount of injected vapour in the liquid / vapour separator 5 and, at the same flow rate m1 output from the liquid / vapour separator 5 will result in an increase of the liquid fraction in the separator 5 itself.
  • a virtual transfer of charge from the receiver 8 to the liquid/vapour separator 5 is obtained in this way.
  • a pressure-regulating valve 9 will limit the absolute or differential pressure in the separator 5 by draining a vapour flow rate in the suction receiver 8, and the difference in pressure between the liquid/vapour separator 5 and the suction receiver 8 will be adjusted so as to have a pressure differential sufficient to circulate the refrigerant in the evaporators.
  • the refrigerant leaving the condenser / gas cooler 2 is entered to the valve 4 and to at least one ejector 14, these components being installed in parallel. Downstream of the valve 4 and ejector 14 is present the liquid / vapour separator 5 having the function of separating the flash vapour, produced by the first expansion through the valve 4, from the liquid intended to feed the evaporators.
  • the pressure-regulating valve 9 will limit the absolute or differential pressure in the liquid/vapour separator 5 by draining a vapour flow rate in the suction receiver 8, and the difference in pressure between the liquid/vapour separator 5 and the suction receiver 8 will be adjusted so as to have a pressure differential sufficient to circulate the refrigerant in the evaporators.
  • a certain flow rate of liquid contained in said suction receiver 8 will return into the liquid/vapour separator 5 through a port 15 of an ejector 14. A direct transfer of charge from the suction receiver 8 to the liquid/vapour separator 5 is obtained in this way.
  • the interface of the regulating and charge transfer device of X can be traced to a single module of a block diagram with three inputs and two outputs, as shown in fig. 3 .
  • the three input pipes are identified as inlet pipe of the fluid coming from the heat exchanger 2 and indicated with a), the inlet pipe of the flash vapour from the liquid/vapour separator 5 and indicated with b), the inlet pipe of the liquid from the suction receiver 8 and denoted by c) while the outlet pipes are those of release of the fluid to the separator 5 and the input of the flash vapour to the suction receiver 8, respectively indicated with d) and e).
  • FIG. 5 A possible configuration of the booster according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 5 .
  • the medium temperature compressor (compressors) 1 sucks refrigerant vapour from the suction receiver 8 and compress it to the high pressure of the cycle in the heat exchanger condenser / gas cooler 2, in which the refrigerant is cooled with the external air or other fluid.
  • the pressure in this heat exchanger 2 is either directly or indirectly controlled by both the flow rate and the temperature of the cooling fluid and via a regulating valve 4 located on the pipe downstream of the heat exchanger 2 and included in the regulating and charge transfer device X.
  • Said device X also performs the fine adjustment of the high pressure, the control of pressure in the liquid/vapour separator 5 and the transfer of the flow rate of refrigerant not evaporated from the suction receiver 8 into the liquid/vapour separator 5 according to the technique described above.
  • a low temperature regenerative heat exchanger 16 Downstream of the liquid/vapour separator 5 is installed a low temperature regenerative heat exchanger 16, one circuit of which, defined as the primary circuit, is configured for the circulation of the entire liquid flow m1, intended to supply both the medium temperature evaporators 7, m1_MT, and the low temperature evaporators 18, m1_BT.
  • the adjustment of the flow rate through the evaporators will be made, for example but not exclusively with a controller Rp that regulates the opening of valves 6 and 17 according to the temperature TA of air or fluid to be cooled, always as an example, as shown in Fig. 5 and 6 , relating to a generic group feeding valve / evaporator MT indicated with 6n and 7n.
  • the controller Rp adjust the ratio Time ON/Time cycle D to maintain it proportional to the offset of T compared to set S0 of the medium. A larger deviation of the value T-S0, provided T>S0, will give a higher ratio Time ON/Time cycle D.
  • feeding valves 6 and 17 can simply be adjusted in ON / OFF and a balancing valve located downstream of said valves 6 and 17 can be used to limit the maximum flow rate.
  • the refrigerant leaving the primary circuit of the low temperature regenerative heat exchanger 16 is partially directed in the liquid line of supply of the medium temperature evaporators 7 through the valves 6, and indicated with m1_MT, and in part is placed in the liquid line of the evaporators 18 through the BT supply valves of the low temperature evaporators 17, and indicated with m1_BT.
  • Both in the medium temperature evaporators 7 and in the low temperature evaporators 18 a fraction of the fluid, if not all, will evaporate extracting heat from substance or fluid to be cooled.
  • the fluid flow which may not have been evaporated in the medium temperature evaporators, mL_MT, will be drained together with the vapour flow rate mV_MT in the receiver 8 through the suction pipe.
  • m1_MT mL_MT + mV_MT.
  • the fluid flow which may not have been evaporated in the low temperature evaporators 18, mL_BT, will be drained together with the vapour flow rate mV_BT in the secondary circuit of the heat exchanger 16 toward the suction of the low temperature compressor or compressors 19.
  • m1_BT mL_BT + mV_BT.
  • the ability to evaporate the amount mL_BT would be at any event sufficient due to the high temperature difference, of the order of 30K, between the liquid in the primary circuit of the exchanger 16 and the mixture liquid / vapour in the secondary circuit of the same and said temperature difference makes it possible, without risk of suction of liquid into the low temperature compressor 19, a circulation ratio RC in the evaporators of BT section of about 1.25.
  • the low temperature compressor 19 will send the flow of refrigerant compressed in the suction receiver 8.
  • a further problem to be solved with the present invention is to define a method of protection to prevent an excessive amount of liquid to flow through the medium temperature evaporators 7 in the case where the flow rate regulation in these medium temperature evaporators 7 is not optimized due to inaccurate setting of the control system of the valves 6, or due to other unforeseen situations.
  • suction receiver 8 or liquid/vapour separator 5 is used for containment of liquid charge not active in the refrigeration circuit.
  • a level switch 22 or other device is installed on the suction receiver 8 which allows to detect an excessive accumulation of liquid refrigerant. If the refrigerant level detection device 22, e.g. a switch detects an excess of refrigerant in said suction receiver 8, an indication of an unsuitable flow regulation in the evaporators 7 is provided, wherein the pressure regulating valve 9, as shown in fig. 4 , said pressure regulating valve 9 being included in the charge transfer device X and shown in both fig. 8a and fig. 8b , limits the differential pressure between the liquid/vapour separator 5 and the suction receiver 8 to a value lower than that normally regulated.
  • valve 9 when the switch or the signal level 22 on the suction receiver 8 detects the presence of excess liquid the valve 9 will act directly or indirectly on the relevant signal.
  • the pressure regulating valve 9 may either be mechanically or electrically operated.
  • the pressure regulating valve 9, through a proper control system, shown schematically in Fig.
  • an increase in liquid level in the suction receiver 8 is detected by the refrigerant level detection device 22 and via a regulator RL will control the opening degree of the valve 9 to decrease the pressure difference between the suction receiver 8 and the liquid/vapour separator 5 from the value ⁇ P1 to the value ⁇ P2.
  • Fig. 8b which refers to an alternative to the previous embodiment
  • an increase in the level of liquid in the suction receiver 8 is detected by the refrigerant level detection device 22, which will send a signal proportional to the level to the controller RL which will control the opening degree of the valve 9 so as to vary the pressure difference between the suction receiver 8 and the liquid/vapour separator 5, for example but not exclusively, according to the function represented in fig. 8b which graphically shows a proportional correspondence of differential pressure between upstream and downstream of the valve 9 with liquid level in the suction receiver 8, the upper limit of differential pressure ⁇ P1 obtained with liquid level less than or equal to L MIN , and with the lower limit of differential pressure ⁇ P2, obtained with a level equal to or greater than L MAX .
  • the pressure in the liquid/vapour separator 5 is adjusted approximately to approximately 34 bar while the suction pressure, and then the pressure existing in the suction receiver 8 is of about 29 bar.
  • the pressure difference between the liquid/vapour separator 5 and the suction receiver 8, ⁇ P1, is therefore of 5 bar, and on the basis of this design value are calculated by the valve 6 is selected to provide 100% of the maximum required flow.
  • a level switch 23 or other device will be on the liquid/vapour separator 5 which allows to detect a too low level of liquid refrigerant which may bring to starving of the system. If the refrigerant level detection device 23, e.g. a switch detects a shortage of refrigerant in said liquid/vapour separator 5, which is an indication of excess of mass flow through evaporators 7, the valve 9 will reduce the pressure difference using a control logic reversed to that previously described, in the sense that a lower level will bring to a lower pressure difference between the liquid/vapour separator 5 and the suction receiver 8. The above logic is shown in fig. 8c .
  • One valve 10 can be used to stop the charge transfer in case both ⁇ p and liquid level in the liquid/vapour separator 5 are at their maximum, and a valve 13 can be arranged to open as a further protection means.
  • valve 13 An example embodiment comprising valve 13 is shown in fig. 1 .
  • the refrigeration circuit further comprises a first heat exchanger 3 having at least a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, wherein one circuit of the first heat exchanger 3 is adapted to circulate cold liquid from the suction receiver 8 by gravity to exchange heat with the high pressure fluid from the condenser/gas cooler 2 adapted to circulate in another circuit of the heat exchanger 3.
  • the at least one ejector 14 is installed in a separate piping line between an exit of the condenser/gas cooler 2 and the liquid/vapour separator 5, said piping line being connected in parallel with the piping line connecting the exit of the condenser/gas cooler 2 through the heat exchanger 3 with an inlet of the high pressure regulating valve 4.
  • the refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one low temperature compressor 19 and a second heat exchanger 16, and the refrigeration circuit is further configured for supplying the two or more evaporators 18 having an exit configured for entering one circuit of the second heat exchanger 16 exchanging heat with the main liquid line exiting the liquid/vapour separator 5 circulating in the other side of said second heat exchanger 16.
  • the liquid level sensing device 22 is installed in the suction receiver 8.
  • the liquid level sensing device 23 is installed in the liquid/vapour separator 5.
  • the liquid level sensing device 22 or 23 is a level switch.
  • the suction receiver 8 is a low pressure suction receiver.
  • a method in a multi-evaporator refrigeration circuit of low pressure receiver type adapted to use carbon dioxide as a liquid refrigerant comprising at least:
  • a multi-evaporator refrigeration circuit adapted to use carbon dioxide as a liquid refrigerant, comprising at least:
  • the refrigeration circuit further comprises a first heat exchanger 3 having at least a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, wherein one circuit of the first heat exchanger 3 is adapted to circulate cold liquid from the suction receiver 8 by gravity to exchange heat with the high pressure fluid from the condenser/gas cooler 2 adapted to circulate in another circuit of the heat exchanger 3.
  • the at least one ejector 14 is installed in a separate piping line between an exit of the condenser/gas cooler 2 and the liquid/vapour separator 5, said piping line being connected in parallel with the piping line connecting the exit of the condenser/gas cooler 2 through the heat exchanger 3 with an inlet of the high pressure regulating valve 4.
  • the refrigeration circuit further comprises at least one low temperature compressor 19 and a second heat exchanger 16, and the refrigeration circuit is further configured for supplying the two or more evaporators 18 having an exit configured for entering one circuit of the second heat exchanger 16 exchanging heat with the main liquid line exiting the liquid/vapour separator 5 circulating in the other side of said second heat exchanger 16.
  • the liquid level sensing device 22 is installed in the suction receiver 8.
  • the liquid level sensing device 23 is installed in the liquid/vapour separator 5.
  • the liquid level sensing device 22 or 23 is a level switch.
  • the suction receiver 8 is a low pressure suction receiver.
  • a method in a multi-evaporator refrigeration circuit of low pressure receiver type adapted to use carbon dioxide as a liquid refrigerant comprising at least:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Circuit à réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs adapté pour utiliser du dioxyde de carbone comme liquide frigorigène, comprenant au moins :
    - un compresseur (1) ;
    - un condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) ;
    - une vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ;
    - un séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) ;
    - une vanne (9) commandant la pression dans le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) ;
    - un appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22, 23) ;
    - deux évaporateurs ou plus (7, 18) ; et
    - un récepteur d'aspiration (8) ;
    dans lequel le circuit à réfrigération est adapté pour alimenter le liquide frigorigène vers les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) depuis ledit séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil d'étranglement (6),
    caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre au moins un éjecteur (14) comprenant un orifice d'aspiration (15) parallèlement à la vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ; et en ce que le circuit à réfrigération est adapté pour entraîner le liquide froid depuis le récepteur d'aspiration (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) dudit au moins un éjecteur (14), étant activé pour une charge directe, afin de maintenir un niveau de liquide suffisant dans le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) même si le débit massique circulant dans les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) est plus élevé que le débit massique évaporé, par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture d'une première vanne de commande (10) dans la ligne depuis le récepteur d'aspiration (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) de l'au moins un éjecteur (14), en fonction d'un signal de niveau maximum généré par l'appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22), à chaque fois que le niveau de liquide frigorigène dans ledit récepteur d'aspiration (8) est supérieur à un niveau maximum défini.
  2. Circuit à réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre un premier échangeur de chaleur (3) présentant au moins un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire, dans lequel un circuit du premier échangeur de chaleur (3) est adapté pour faire circuler le liquide froid provenant du récepteur d'aspiration (8) par gravité pour échanger la chaleur avec le fluide haute pression provenant du condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) adapté pour circuler dans un autre circuit de l'échangeur de chaleur (3).
  3. Circuit à réfrigération selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un éjecteur (14) est installé dans une canalisation séparée entre une sortie du condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) et du séparateur liquide/vapeur (5), ladite canalisation étant reliée en parallèle à la canalisation reliant la sortie du condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur (3) à une entrée de la vanne de réglage haute pression (4).
  4. Circuit à réfrigération selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre au moins un compresseur basse température (19) et un second échangeur de chaleur (16), et le circuit à réfrigération est en outre configuré pour alimenter les deux évaporateurs ou plus (18) présentant une sortie configurée pour entrer dans un circuit du second échangeur de chaleur (16) qui échange la chaleur avec la conduite de liquide principale sortant du séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) circulant de l'autre côté dudit second échangeur de chaleur (16).
  5. Procédé dans un circuit à réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs de type récepteur basse pression adapté pour utiliser du dioxyde de carbone comme liquide frigorigène, le circuit à réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs comprenant au moins :
    - un compresseur (1) ;
    - un condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) ;
    - une vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ;
    - un séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) ;
    - une vanne de limitation de pression (9) ;
    - un appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22, 23) ;
    - deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) ; et
    - un récepteur d'aspiration (8) ;
    dans lequel le procédé consiste à alimenter le liquide frigorigène vers les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) depuis ledit séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil d'étranglement (6),
    caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre au moins un éjecteur (14) comprenant un orifice d'aspiration (15) compris parallèlement à la vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ; dans lequel le procédé consiste en outre à entraîner directement le liquide froid depuis le récepteur d'aspiration (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) dudit au moins un éjecteur (14) afin de maintenir un niveau de liquide suffisant dans le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) même si le débit massique circulant dans les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) est plus élevé que le débit massique évaporé, par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture d'une première vanne de commande (10) dans la ligne depuis le récepteur basse pression (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) de l'au moins un éjecteur (14), en fonction d'un signal de niveau maximum généré par l'appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22), à chaque fois que le niveau de liquide dans ledit récepteur d'aspiration (8) est supérieur à un niveau maximum défini.
  6. Circuit à réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs adapté pour utiliser du dioxyde de carbone comme liquide frigorigène, comprenant au moins :
    - un compresseur (1) ;
    - un condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) ;
    - une vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ;
    - un séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) ;
    - une vanne (9) commandant la pression dans le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) ;
    - un appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22, 23) ;
    - deux évaporateurs ou plus (7, 18) ; et
    - un récepteur d'aspiration (8) ;
    dans lequel le circuit à réfrigération est adapté pour alimenter le liquide frigorigène vers les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) depuis ledit séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil d'étranglement (6),
    caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre au moins un éjecteur (14) comprenant un orifice d'aspiration (15) parallèlement à la vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ; et en ce que le circuit à réfrigération est adapté pour entraîner le liquide froid depuis le récepteur d'aspiration (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) dudit au moins un éjecteur (14), étant activé pour le transfert de charge afin de maintenir un niveau de liquide suffisant dans le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) même si le débit massique circulant dans les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) est plus élevé que le débit massique évaporé, par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture d'une première vanne de commande (10) dans la ligne depuis le récepteur d'aspiration (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) de l'au moins un éjecteur (14), en fonction d'un signal de niveau minimum généré par l'appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (23), à chaque fois que le niveau de liquide frigorigène dans ledit séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) est inférieur à un niveau minimum défini.
  7. Circuit à réfrigération selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre un premier échangeur de chaleur (3) présentant au moins un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire, dans lequel un circuit du premier échangeur de chaleur (3) est adapté pour faire circuler le liquide froid provenant du récepteur d'aspiration (8) par gravité pour échanger la chaleur avec le fluide haute pression provenant du condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) adapté pour circuler dans un autre circuit de l'échangeur de chaleur (3).
  8. Circuit à réfrigération selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un éjecteur (14) est installé dans une canalisation séparée entre une sortie du condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) et du séparateur liquide/vapeur (5), ladite canalisation étant reliée en parallèle à la canalisation reliant la sortie du condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur (3) à une entrée de la vanne de réglage haute pression (4).
  9. Circuit à réfrigération selon la revendication 6, 7 ou 8 caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre au moins un compresseur basse température (19) et un second échangeur de chaleur (16), et le circuit à réfrigération est en outre configuré pour alimenter les deux évaporateurs ou plus (18) présentant une sortie configurée pour entrer dans un circuit du second échangeur de chaleur (16) qui échange la chaleur avec la conduite de liquide principale sortant du séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) circulant de l'autre côté dudit second échangeur de chaleur (16).
  10. Circuit à réfrigération selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ou 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22) est installé dans l'un des appareils suivants :
    le récepteur d'aspiration (8) ;
    le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5).
  11. Circuit à réfrigération selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ou 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22) ou (23) est un contacteur de niveau.
  12. Circuit à réfrigération selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ou 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le récepteur d'aspiration (8) est un récepteur d'aspiration basse pression.
  13. Système à réfrigération qui utilise l'agencement du circuit à réfrigération selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ou 6 à 12.
  14. Procédé dans un circuit à réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs de type récepteur basse pression adapté pour utiliser du dioxyde de carbone comme liquide frigorigène, le circuit à réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs comprenant au moins :
    - un compresseur (1) ;
    - un condenseur/refroidisseur de gaz (2) ;
    - une vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ;
    - un séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) ;
    - une vanne de limitation de pression (9) ;
    - un appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (22, 23) ;
    - deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) ; et
    - un récepteur d'aspiration (8) ;
    dans lequel le procédé consiste à alimenter le liquide frigorigène vers les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) depuis ledit séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un appareil d'étranglement (6),
    caractérisé en ce que le circuit à réfrigération comprend en outre au moins un éjecteur (14) comprenant un orifice d'aspiration (15) compris parallèlement à la vanne de réglage haute pression (4) ; dans lequel le procédé consiste en outre à entraîner directement le liquide froid depuis le récepteur d'aspiration (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) dudit au moins un éjecteur (14) afin de maintenir un niveau de liquide suffisant dans le séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) même si le débit massique circulant dans les deux évaporateurs ou plus (7) est plus élevé que le débit massique évaporé, par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture d'une première vanne de commande (10) dans la ligne depuis le récepteur basse pression (8) jusqu'à l'orifice d'aspiration (15) de l'au moins un éjecteur (14), en fonction d'un signal de niveau minimum généré par l'appareil de détection de niveau de liquide (23), à chaque fois que le niveau de liquide frigorigène dans ledit séparateur liquide/vapeur (5) est inférieur à un niveau minimum défini.
EP12796452.6A 2011-06-06 2012-05-28 Circuit de réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs Not-in-force EP2718642B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12796452T PL2718642T3 (pl) 2011-06-06 2012-05-28 Obwód chłodniczy o wielu parownikach
HRP20161607TT HRP20161607T1 (hr) 2011-06-06 2016-12-01 Rashladni krug s više isparivača

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000077A ITTV20110077A1 (it) 2011-06-06 2011-06-06 Sistema frigorifero a compressione di vapore e espansione diretta con elevato rapporto di circolazione negli evaporatori.
IT000141A ITTV20110141A1 (it) 2011-10-14 2011-10-14 Sistema frigorifero con refrigerante r744 con elevato rapporto di circolazione negli evaporatori.
IT000010A ITTV20120010A1 (it) 2012-01-19 2012-01-19 Sistema frigorifero di tipo booster con refrigerante r744.
PCT/FI2012/050513 WO2012168544A1 (fr) 2011-06-06 2012-05-28 Circuit de réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2718642A1 EP2718642A1 (fr) 2014-04-16
EP2718642A4 EP2718642A4 (fr) 2015-04-01
EP2718642B1 true EP2718642B1 (fr) 2016-09-14

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EP12796452.6A Not-in-force EP2718642B1 (fr) 2011-06-06 2012-05-28 Circuit de réfrigération à multiples évaporateurs

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2718642B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2012266219B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2868441C (fr)
DK (1) DK2718642T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2602169T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20161607T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE032488T2 (fr)
LT (1) LT2718642T (fr)
PL (1) PL2718642T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2718642T (fr)
WO (1) WO2012168544A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

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WO2018177956A1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Danfoss A/S Système de compression de vapeur doté d'un séparateur de liquide de conduite d'aspiration
US10775086B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-09-15 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling a vapour compression system in ejector mode for a prolonged time
US10816245B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2020-10-27 Danfoss A/S Vapour compression system with at least two evaporator groups
US11333449B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2022-05-17 Danfoss A/S Heat exchanger plate with strengthened diagonal area
US11460230B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2022-10-04 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling a vapour compression system with a variable receiver pressure setpoint
US11754320B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-09-12 Carrier Corporation Refrigeration system with multiple heat absorbing heat exchangers
FR3139889A1 (fr) * 2022-09-15 2024-03-22 Electricite De France Installation frigorifique.

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JP5575192B2 (ja) * 2012-08-06 2014-08-20 三菱電機株式会社 二元冷凍装置
DK3086057T3 (en) * 2013-09-19 2018-09-17 Carrier Corp COOLING CIRCUIT WITH HEAT RECOVERY MODULE
CN103791651B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2016-01-20 滁州安兴环保彩纤有限公司 直纺短丝余汽综合利用装置
CN106461301A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2017-02-22 开利公司 用于确定容器内液体的填充高度的装置和方法
US9897363B2 (en) 2014-11-17 2018-02-20 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration system with multiple ejectors
CN107850224B (zh) * 2015-08-03 2019-11-08 株式会社电装 集成阀
BR112018007503B1 (pt) * 2015-10-20 2023-03-21 Danfoss A/S Método para controlar um sistema de compressão a vapor em um estado inundado
ITUA20163465A1 (it) * 2016-05-16 2017-11-16 Epta Spa Impianto frigorifero a più livelli di evaporazione e metodo di gestione di un tale impianto
RU2705696C2 (ru) * 2017-01-26 2019-11-11 федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский университет дружбы народов" (РУДН) Многоступечатая теплонасосная установка
US10830499B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2020-11-10 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Transcritical system with enhanced subcooling for high ambient temperature
DE102017117565A1 (de) * 2017-08-02 2019-02-07 Wurm Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektronische Systeme Kälteanlage und verfahren zur regelung einer kälteanlage
CN110425780A (zh) * 2018-05-08 2019-11-08 约克（无锡）空调冷冻设备有限公司 制冷系统和用于控制制冷系统的方法
US11493247B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2022-11-08 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Cooling system with additional receiver
US11221163B2 (en) 2019-08-02 2022-01-11 Randy Lefor Evaporator having integrated pulse wave atomizer expansion device
US12078397B2 (en) 2020-12-04 2024-09-03 Honeywell International Inc. Surge control subcooling circuit

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CN1291196C (zh) * 2004-02-18 2006-12-20 株式会社电装 具有多蒸发器的喷射循环
JP2007218497A (ja) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Denso Corp エジェクタ式冷凍サイクルおよび冷媒流量制御装置
CN101512255B (zh) * 2006-09-29 2011-05-18 开利公司 运输制冷系统、制冷剂蒸汽压缩系统及其内部控制制冷剂充装量的方法
GB2469616B (en) * 2009-02-11 2013-08-28 Star Refrigeration A refrigeration system operable under transcritical conditions

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10816245B2 (en) 2015-08-14 2020-10-27 Danfoss A/S Vapour compression system with at least two evaporator groups
US10775086B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-09-15 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling a vapour compression system in ejector mode for a prolonged time
US11460230B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2022-10-04 Danfoss A/S Method for controlling a vapour compression system with a variable receiver pressure setpoint
WO2018177956A1 (fr) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Danfoss A/S Système de compression de vapeur doté d'un séparateur de liquide de conduite d'aspiration
US11333449B2 (en) 2018-10-15 2022-05-17 Danfoss A/S Heat exchanger plate with strengthened diagonal area
US11754320B2 (en) 2020-02-10 2023-09-12 Carrier Corporation Refrigeration system with multiple heat absorbing heat exchangers
FR3139889A1 (fr) * 2022-09-15 2024-03-22 Electricite De France Installation frigorifique.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUE032488T2 (en) 2017-09-28
LT2718642T (lt) 2016-11-25
EP2718642A4 (fr) 2015-04-01
CA2868441A1 (fr) 2012-12-13
ES2602169T3 (es) 2017-02-17
PT2718642T (pt) 2016-12-20
DK2718642T3 (en) 2016-12-19
CA2868441C (fr) 2018-07-10
WO2012168544A1 (fr) 2012-12-13
AU2012266219B2 (en) 2016-09-08
EP2718642A1 (fr) 2014-04-16
HRP20161607T1 (hr) 2017-01-13
AU2012266219A1 (en) 2015-06-11
PL2718642T3 (pl) 2017-07-31

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