EP2714814B1 - Nanoschmiermittel zur oberflächenbearbeitung - Google Patents

Nanoschmiermittel zur oberflächenbearbeitung Download PDF

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EP2714814B1
EP2714814B1 EP12793362.0A EP12793362A EP2714814B1 EP 2714814 B1 EP2714814 B1 EP 2714814B1 EP 12793362 A EP12793362 A EP 12793362A EP 2714814 B1 EP2714814 B1 EP 2714814B1
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nanoparticle
component
nanoparticle component
nanolubricant
nanoparticles
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EP2714814A2 (de
EP2714814A4 (de
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Mohsen Mosleh
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Howard University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C10M2201/105—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/061—Coated particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
    • C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/04—Aerosols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • the present application generally relates to nanolubricants containing surface conditioning nanoparticles which condition and polish a surface or multiple interacting surfaces.
  • lubricating oils are designed to reduce friction between moving automotive components and protect their surfaces by covering them with a film of lubricant.
  • lubricating oils are also designed to prevent or reduce wear of moving surfaces by creating a chemical film that facilitates shearing at the interface, instead of shearing through the asperities of the contacting surfaces.
  • the oil may also serve other functions such as preventing corrosion by neutralizing acids that are formed at hot spots, improving sealing at some interfaces, cleaning the rubbing surface and transporting the waste products out of the contract zone, and carrying heat away from hot surfaces.
  • nanofluids i.e., nanoparticle-fluid dispersions
  • nanofluids i.e., nanoparticle-fluid dispersions
  • EG ethylene glycol
  • a new mechanism for the role of solid lubricant nanoparticles was recently proposed.
  • one role of solid lubricant nanoparticles in oils and greases is to break apart the wear agglomerate that is commonly formed at the sliding interface.
  • the wear agglomerate sometimes referred to as the transferred film, is normally adhered to the harder surface.
  • the entrapment of the wear agglomerate reduces the contact area which in turn causes the normal contact pressure to be increased. Therefore, the plowing of the mating surface by the wear agglomerate is enhanced.
  • the enhanced plowing increases friction and wear.
  • the wear debris agglomeration process and some factors that affect it are discussed in the literature.
  • US 2009/0425751 A1 discloses a method of reducing friction of wear surfaces comprising lubricating wear surfaces with lubricant containing hard nanoparticles and soft microparticles having layered structures wherein the nanoparticles are effective to polish the wear surfaces with at least some of the nanoparticles becoming embedded in the wear surfaces and the layered microparticles are effective to fill in voids in the wear surfaces.
  • the invention is directed to a nanolubricant composition for polishing a surface having an arithmetic average roughness, the composition comprising: a flowable lubricant; and a multi-component nanoparticle dispersed in the lubricant and configured to polish the surface, the multi-component nanoparticle including a first nanoparticle component of lamellar structure which effects shearing at the surface and a second nanoparticle component which effects polishing of the surface, the second nanoparticle component at least partially integrated with the first nanoparticle component, the second nanoparticle component having a hardness of at least 7 Mohs (equivalent to 820 kg/mm2 in Knoop scale), wherein the first nanoparticle component is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, boron nitride and graphite.
  • the first nanoparticle component has a generally low shear strength and includes molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, boron nitride and graphite.
  • the second nanoparticle component has a hardness of at least 7 Mohs.
  • the first nanoparticle component is a core of the integrated multi-component particle and the second nanoparticle component at least partially coats the first nanoparticle component or completely coats the first nanoparticle component.
  • the second nanoparticle component is at least partially embedded or fully embedded into the first nanoparticle component.
  • the nanoparticles have an average diameter of less than about 35 nm.
  • the nanoparticles may also, or, in the alternative, have an average length of less than about 35 nm.
  • the nanoparticles and/or the multi-component nanoparticles include diamond, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, boron carbide, silicon carbide and zirconium oxide.
  • the nanolubricant comprises from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent nanoparticles in the composition consisting essentially the nanoparticles having a hardness of at least 7 Mohs.
  • Also described herein is a method of in-situ nanopolishing a contact surface.
  • the surface is polished using the nanolubricant containing multi-component nanoparticles.
  • the present application relates to nanolubricants that extend the range of elastohydrodynamic and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes.
  • the nanolubricants may lower friction and power consumption in mechanical machines.
  • the approach is to introduce a suitable concentration of surface conditioning nanoparticles (SCN) of selected materials of specified characteristic sizes so that the resultant nanolubricant conditions and polishes the surfaces of moving components at nanoscale.
  • SCN surface conditioning nanoparticles
  • the nanopolishing will result in a lower composite roughness of interacting surfaces which in turn increases the ratio of lubricant film thickness to the composite surface roughness known as lambda without causing high-rate abrasion and wear which are not desirable.
  • the increased lambda results in lower friction and power consumption.
  • FIG. 1 exhibits different lubricating regimes in major engine components.
  • the data shown in FIG. 1 is plotted against data from Hutchings, I.M., "Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials", Edward Arnold, Great Britain, p. 273 (1992 ). When lambda is small, surfaces are contacting each other such that there is a high coefficient of friction.
  • the lubrications regimes are: Hydrodynamic (HL) regime in which a film of lubricant completely separates surfaces. The external load is carried by the developed pressure in the film by hydrodynamic action. Dynamic viscosity of the lubricant is the most important characteristic.
  • EHL Elastohydrodynamic
  • Boundary Lubrication in which asperity contact is dominant and the role of dynamic viscosity is insignificant. Instead, the additives in oil pay an important role on the overall tribological properties.
  • engine lubrication is to reduce the film thickness by using lower viscosity engine oils for reducing frictional losses and improving fuel economy. While this approach can help reduce friction in components with hydrodynamic lubrication, it can lead to potential durability problems and a more critical role for the surface topography of engine components.
  • Lambda can be changed by controlling oil properties and the operating conditions that affect the film thickness. It can also be controlled by changing the surface roughness characteristics of the mating surfaces. Normally, the latter is left to the automotive and engine manufacturers and the lower limit of surface roughness is dictated by their cost or processing constraints.
  • a nanolubricant that will condition, i.e., polish, the mating surfaces in an extremely-slow polishing process.
  • a surface conditioning component will reduce the composite surface roughness and result in greater film thickness ratio.
  • the critical surface roughness beyond which the surface roughness will not improve in abrasive flow polishing is bounded by the maximum indentation depth of the abrasive grain which for a spherical particle is its diameter.
  • these processes cause high-rate abrasion and wear which are not desirable in engine oil applications.
  • the conditioning by nanoparticles can only be achieved through erosion by suspended hard nanoparticles.
  • the proposed approach is to create nanolubricants whose base oil is either an engine oil or a transmission oil.
  • the base oil is modified with nanoparticles of hard materials whose mean particle size is between few to few tens of nanometers.
  • the nanoparticle concentration of choice is 0.1-5% by weight. Nanoparticles with high aspect ratio and sharp corners are preferred for the polishing action. However, other geometries such as spherical nanoparticles can also be used.
  • Nanoparticle materials include diamond, boron carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon oxide. The hardness for these exemplary compositions are illustrated in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Hardness of bulk materials for SC nanoparticles Mohs Knoop (kg/mm 2 ) Diamond 10 7000 Boron Carbide (B 4 C) 9.3 3200 Silicon Carbide (SiC) 9.2 2500 Aluminum Oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) 9 2150 Zirconium Oxide (ZrO 2 ) 8 1200 Silicon Oxide (SiO 2 ) 7 820
  • the diameter of the hard nanoparticles be less than one half of the arithmetic average roughness of the surface it is contacting. If the nanoparticles are not spherical, it is generally desired to have the characteristic length be less than one half of the arithmetic average roughness of the surface it is contacting. For example, in one form, the diameter of the nanoparticles is 35 nm. The above described size allows the nanoparticles to polish the surface slowly over time as opposed to causing excessive wear to the surface.
  • the nanoparticles may also polish the surface to increase the ratio of the film thickness of the nanolubricant to the composite roughness of the surface. As noted above, as the average roughness decreases, the ratio increases without necessarily changing the properties of the nanolubricant.
  • the nanolubricant generally includes a base lubricant, such as grease or oil.
  • a base oil may include a variety of well-known base oils.
  • the lubricant oil may include organic oils, petroleum distillates, synthetic petroleum distillates, vegetable oils, greases, gels, oil-soluble polymers and combinations thereof.
  • the lubricant may have a wide variety of viscosities. For example, if the lubricant is an oil, the viscosity may be in the range of about 10 to 300 centistokes. In another form, the lubricant is a grease having a viscosity of about 200 to 500 centistokes.
  • the nanolubricant may also include other nanoparticles beyond the hard, surface conditioning nanoparticles described above.
  • the nanolubricant may include a friction or shear modifying component.
  • This component may be a solid lubricant with a lamellar molecular structure that provides easy shearing at the asperity contact level.
  • the friction wear modifying (FWM) component may be molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), graphite, or other materials with a lamellar structure whose superior solid lubrication properties, especially at high temperature, are well established.
  • the concentration of the friction modifying component in the nanolubricant may be varied as desired.
  • the concentration of the FWM component is 0.1-5% by weight to minimize the cost while providing significant wear improvement.
  • the concentration may be increased as desired.
  • friction modifying nanoparticles have an average size of 10-100 nanometers may be used and is generally determined by the roughness of the surfaces to be contacted.
  • the aspect ratio of the FWM nanoparticles is one for spherical and as high as 1000 for flake-like particles.
  • nanoparticles are also contemplated to be included in the nanolubricant.
  • thermal conductivity modifying nanoparticles may be included in the nanolubricant to increase the thermal conductivity relative to the base oil thermal conductivity. It should be appreciated that other suitable nanoparticles having different functionalities may also be included.
  • the nanolubricant includes hybrid nanoparticles.
  • Hybrid nanolubricants such as those containing multiple nanoparticle components of different materials and properties, may be created to provide a single multi-component nanoparticle for use in a variety of products. Such an approach may ease the manufacturing of the nanolubricant and may improve the dispersion of materials in the resultant product.
  • hybrid nanoparticles may contain two or more different nanoparticle components.
  • two or more different types, forms, compositions, etc. of nanoparticle components may be included in a hybrid nanoparticle.
  • the multiple components may be integrated into combined hybrid nanoparticle such that at least a portion of one of the nanoparticle components is chemically bonded to or otherwise intertwined with a second nanoparticle component.
  • one of the nanoparticle components may at least partially coat or completely coat another nanoparticle component.
  • one of the nanoparticle components may be otherwise chemically bonded with or intertwined with another nanoparticle component.
  • the hybrid nanoparticle may be considered to be functionalized such that the hybrid nanoparticle may have functional features from each of the nanoparticle components.
  • the hybrid nanoparticle may be composed of a surface conditioning component and a friction or shear modifying component.
  • Other functionalities and nanoparticle components are also contemplated, including, but not limited to, shelf-life without sedimentation, color and cost of the resultant nanolubricant.
  • surface conditioning nanoparticles are used as a partial coating (or a complete coating or shell) on other nanoparticles with low shear strength such as molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride.
  • the core can lower friction due to low shear strength while the partial shell which is made of surface conditioning nanoparticles which provide nanopolishing.
  • the surface conditioning nanoparticles may form the core of the hybrid nanoparticle with the shear modifying nanoparticles forming a complete or partial shell.
  • the hybrid nanoparticles may be manufactured in a number of different manners.
  • the nanoparticle components may be combined in such processes including, but not limited to, mechanical ball milling, arc discharge in liquid, oxidation-reduction reactions in solution, chemical vapor deposition and the like.
  • the methods may be modified as necessary to accommodate the different nanoparticle components and properties.
  • the resulting hybrid nanoparticle may include an integration of a first nanoparticle component with a second nanoparticle component.
  • Such integration may include intertwining, coating, partial coating and the like.
  • the nanolubricant may also include other components as desired.
  • the nanolubricant may also include surfactants.
  • surfactants may be added to the nanolubricant separately from the hybrid nanoparticles.
  • the surfactants may include, but are not limited to oleic acid, dialkyl dithiophsphate (DDP), Phosphoric acid, and Canola oil.
  • surfaces of all hard nanoparticles will be coated with surfactants with proper head group size and tail length depending on the overall specifications of the nanofluid for dispersion stability and long shelf-life.
  • the surfactant may be added to the oil prior to addition of the hard nanoparticles.
  • Example 1 was prepared to compare wear using an oil containing surface conditioning nanoparticles versus an oil without such nanoparticles.
  • Each of the samples included 10W30 engine oil.
  • Sample A included the 10W30 engine oil with nanolubricants (dispersions) consisting of 1% by weight diamond nanoparticles with an average size of 3-5 nm.
  • a control was prepared with the 10W30 engine oil without nanolubricants.
  • Sample A and the control were used for conducting rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tests in a four-ball tester according with the IP-300 standard.
  • the test conditions such as rotating speed and normal load were different from the IP-300 standard so that film thickness ratio lambda was set to be approximately 2.
  • the tests were run for 250,000 cycles.
  • the balls were made of AISI 52100 steel with a mean surface roughness of approximately 25 nm.
  • Example 2 was prepared to compare contact stresses and scar diameters for other samples.
  • a control was used having 10W30 engine oil which was compared to Sample B which had 10W30 engine oil as a base with 0.5% by weight diamond nanoparticles with an average particle size of 3-5 nm.
  • Example 2 extreme pressure (EP) testing of the control base oil and Sample B containing surface conditioning nanolubricants was conducted according to ASTM D2873 using a four-ball tester.
  • the ball specimens were AISI 52100 steel with a surface roughness of 25 nm.
  • Sample B containing the nanolubricant yielded tribological improvements compared with the control having pure 10W30 base oil, especially at higher contact stresses. For instance, as shown in FIG. 5 , the use of surface conditioning nanolubricant resulted in smaller wear scar diameters.
  • the results are also shown below in Table 3.
  • the Hertz line represents the diameter of the contact area based on the ideal elastic deformation of ball without any wear.
  • Table 3 Pressure testing results Contact Stress Scar Diameter (mm) Hertzian (Gpa) Control (pure oil) Sample B 3.45 0.30 0.30 3.71 0.33 0.33 4.01 0.38 0.36 4.34 0.40 0.39 4.68 2.12 2.00 5.05 2.29 2.23 5.47 2.50 2.37 5.89 3.08 2.87 6.35
  • lubricants containing nanoparticles as outlined above showed increased performance with decreased wear.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung zum Polieren einer Oberfläche, die eine arithmetische mittlere Rauigkeit aufweist, wobei die Zusammensetzung umfasst:
    ein fließfähiges Schmiermittel; und
    ein Mehrkomponenten-Nanopartikel, das in dem Schmiermittel dispergiert ist und zum Polieren der Oberfläche gestaltet ist, wobei das Mehrkomponenten-Nanopartikel eine erste Nanopartikelkomponente mit lamellarer Struktur, die Scherwirkung an der Oberfläche bewirkt, und eine zweite Nanopartikelkomponente, die Polieren der Oberfläche bewirkt, umfasst, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente wenigstens teilweise mit der ersten Nanopartikelkomponente integriert ist, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente eine Härte von wenigstens 7 Mohs aufweist (äquivalent zu 820 kg/mm2 auf der Knoop-Skala), wobei die erste Nanopartikelkomponente ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Molybdändisulfid, Wolframdisulfid, Bornitrid und Graphit.
  2. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente die erste Nanopartikelkomponente wenigstens teilweise überzieht.
  3. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente die erste Nanopartikelkomponente vollständig überzieht.
  4. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente wenigstens teilweise in der ersten Nanopartikelkomponente eingebettet ist.
  5. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Diamant, Aluminiumoxid, Siliciumoxid, Borcarbid, Siliciumcarbid und Zirkoniumoxid.
  6. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente einen Durchmesser von weniger als 35 nm aufweist.
  7. Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Nanopartikelkomponente eine Länge von weniger als 35 nm aufweist.
  8. Verfahren zum In-situ-Nanopolieren einer Kontaktoberfläche, die eine arithmetische mittlere Rauigkeit aufweist, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst:
    Bereitstellen einer Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung gemäß den vorstehenden Ansprüchen, wobei die Nanopartikel einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der kleiner als die Hälfte der arithmetischen mittleren Rauigkeit ist, oder eine Länge, die kleiner als die Hälfte der arithmetischen mittleren Rauigkeit ist;
    und
    Polieren der Kontaktoberfläche unter Verwendung der Nanoschmiermittelzusammensetzung, um das Verhältnis λ, definiert als λ = h/σ, zu erhöhen, wobei h die Filmdicke ist und σ die Komposit-Oberflächenrauigkeit ist, wobei σ = σ 1 2 + σ 2 2 ,
    Figure imgb0004
     wobei σ1 und σ2 die quadratischen Mittelwerte der Rauigkeiten der Kontaktoberflächen sind.
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