EP2699864B1 - Condensateur - Google Patents

Condensateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2699864B1
EP2699864B1 EP12715990.3A EP12715990A EP2699864B1 EP 2699864 B1 EP2699864 B1 EP 2699864B1 EP 12715990 A EP12715990 A EP 12715990A EP 2699864 B1 EP2699864 B1 EP 2699864B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
condenser
refrigerating
flow path
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12715990.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2699864A1 (fr
Inventor
Uwe FÖRSTER
Herbert Hofmann
Christoph Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2699864A1 publication Critical patent/EP2699864A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05375—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/007—Condensers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coolant-cooled condenser, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • WO 2009/013179 discloses such a capacitor.
  • a condenser is used in heat engines and refrigeration systems for the liquefaction of the exhaust steam or the vapor refrigerant. This allows a closed cycle process in the plants mentioned.
  • a condenser of an air conditioner the heat energy absorbed in the cooling of an interior space is dissipated back to the environment. While in the classic air-cooled condenser the heat is dissipated to the air, with coolant-cooled condensers, the heat is transferred into an intermediate water circuit.
  • Generic capacitors are known from the prior art.
  • the WO 2004 04 2293 A1 a condenser within an air conditioning circuit.
  • the WO 2001 088 454 A1 further discloses a motor vehicle capacitor assembly and a heat exchanger system.
  • various embodiments of an indirect capacitor for motor vehicle applications based on a stacking disk arrangement are known from the prior art.
  • both flow paths generally have the same hydraulic diameter.
  • the cross section of the cooling water side is designed too small, which has high water-side pressure drops result or the hydraulic diameter for the refrigerant side are too high for optimal design.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a capacitor of the type mentioned, with which it is possible to use the available cooling water for optimum heat transfer of refrigerant to the coolant without causing too high pressure drops. Furthermore, the present during the condensation temperature profile should be able to be carried out more advantageously.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the ratio of the two hydraulic diameter (D h coolant ) to (D h refrigerant ) is greater than (>) 1.3.
  • the ratio of the two hydraulic diameters (D h coolant ) to (D h refrigerant ) should be greater than 1.3.
  • a further advantageous effect is achieved by a capacitor when the ratio is between 1, 3 and 4, and more preferably between 1.5 and 2.5. This has been shown in correspondingly carried out by the applicant.
  • the hydraulic diameter (D h coolant ) may be between 1.5 mm and 3 mm.
  • the hydraulic diameter (D h coolant ) is defined, for example, via an intermediate element, which may be designed in the manner of a turbulence insert.
  • the intermediate element has a hydraulic diameter between 1.5 mm and 3 mm.
  • the flat tube and the intermediate element are connected to one another in a heat-conducting manner, for example soldered. There is thus a combination between flat tube and intermediate layer, by which the coolant is passed in counter-current or direct current on the flat tube. This is an advantage over known plate-type solutions which have the same hydraulic diameters.
  • heat transfer and pressure drop can be optimized by increasing the cross section on the coolant side and reducing the cross section on the refrigerant side.
  • a preferred embodiment for obtaining the specified refrigerant-side flow cross-section is, for example, a flat tube with a plurality of flow channels.
  • the hydraulic diameter (D h refrigerant ) between 0.2 mm and 1.8 mm, preferably between 0.4 mm and 1.3 mm, amount.
  • the flow cross section of the refrigerant side flow channels has a substantially rectangular Cross-sectional shape, wherein the width b of each flow channel is preferably at least slightly smaller than its height h.
  • extruded flat tubes are used for the refrigerant flow. These consist for example of a pipe jacket and have to increase the strength and increase the heat transfer surface inner webs.
  • a preferred tube has a greater height than width, since in this case by capillary effects, an additional performance advantage can be achieved.
  • the flow cross-section of each tube is characterized by the hydraulic diameter.
  • both the coolant and the refrigerant side flow paths viewed in the course of flow can have a plurality of deflections.
  • the refrigerant side deflections it is possible to build an interconnection and to compensate for the density change of the refrigerant in the condensation and to optimize the driving temperature differences.
  • the refrigerant-side flow path is switched degressively, such that the flow cross-section of the last refrigerant-side flow path is at least slightly smaller than the refrigerant-side flow path of the first flow path.
  • degressive means the relationship between two sizes, for example, when the hydraulic diameters and flow paths of coolant and refrigerant are adapted to the respective flow velocities or if the other increases as one of the sizes increases.
  • the condenser itself the refrigerant is cooled down to its condensation temperature. Subsequently, the condensation of the refrigerant takes place before a further supercooling of the refrigerant to a temperature below the condensation temperature.
  • the specific volume of the refrigerant decreases significantly (ie to 1/10-1 / 20 of the initial volume).
  • the refrigerant flow is guided through the component in a plurality of flow paths arranged one behind the other, which have a flow cross-sectional area decreasing from path to path (-> degressive interconnection). This is achieved by decreasing the number of pipes in parallel in a path from path to path.
  • the refrigerant side in this case has a degressive interconnection, while the coolant side has almost no change in the specific volume, so that substantially uniform flow cross-sections are provided here with optimum interconnection.
  • the refrigerant used may preferably be R-1234yf and the coolant used may be water-glysanthin (depending on the degree of dilution with water, glysanthin is frost-resistant below -40 degrees Celsius and also protects against corrosion).
  • R-1234yf with a GWP factor of only 4, is 357 times more climate-friendly than known common refrigerants and falls below the limit of 150 GWP by 97 percent. Compared to CO2 as a coolant, it works more efficiently, especially at higher temperatures.
  • a further preferred embodiment provides that, at least in the first and in the last flow path, but preferably in all flow paths, the coolant-side flow paths and the refrigerant-side flow paths can be in countercurrent.
  • An embodiment of the invention further provides for the optimization of the overall depth of a tube / rib unit.
  • the depth t in each case of a tube / rib unit or of each flat tube or of each intermediate layer may be between 10 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 16 mm and 35 mm.
  • the solution shown here is advantageously inexpensive to produce and has a compact design.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the perspective view of a first capacitor according to the invention 1.
  • the condenser 1 is formed as a coolant-cooled condenser 1 and consists inter alia of a tube / rib block 2, which in turn is formed of a plurality of flat tubes 3 with intermediate layers 4. Both the flat tubes 3 and the intermediate layers 4 connected to the flat tubes by a soldering process are shown only schematically in the illustration shown here.
  • the flat tubes 3 and the intermediate layers 4 extend along the flow path SW.
  • the tube / rib block 2 has a construction formed from four tube units 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • Each tube unit 5, 6, 7, 8 consists of a plurality of flat tubes 3 and intermediate layers 4.
  • the number of flat tubes 3 and intermediate layers 4 and the hydraulic diameter and flow of coolant and refrigerant are adapted to the respective flow velocities.
  • the number of flat tubes 3 or of the intermediate layers 4, starting from the tube unit 5 to the tube unit 8 decreases steadily.
  • the adjacent in the pipe units 5 and 8 extending flow paths SW thus have substantially opposite directions extending flow directions (flow paths) on.
  • two water-side flow paths are shown, wherein the two refrigerant flow paths 5, 6 are connected to a first and the refrigerant flow paths 7, 8 with a second water-side flow path.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a capacitor 1 '.
  • the capacitor 1 ' corresponds in its construction substantially to the capacitor 1 according to Fig. 1 ,
  • the condenser 1 ' has four tube units 5', 6 ', 7', 8 ', wherein the flow paths SW' of the refrigerant (dashed line) and the coolant (solid line) in contrast to the in Fig. 1 shown condenser 1 in all four tube units 5 ', 6', 7 ', 8' are in countercurrent.
  • the flow paths SW 'extending in the tube units 5', 6 ', 7', 8 'thus have essentially opposite directions of flow.
  • the flat tube 3 has six flow channels 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 with the same flow cross-section or the same hydraulic diameter (D h refrigerant ) extending in the tube longitudinal direction.
  • the refrigerant-side flow channels 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, wherein the width b of each flow channel is preferably at least slightly smaller than its height h.
  • the webs 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 have a sufficient to ensure the stability of the flat tube 3 minimum thickness.
  • the minimum thickness to be selected can be, for example, the total depth t of the flat tube 3 or by the selected hydraulic Diameter (D h refrigerant ) of the flow channels 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 result.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of a flat tube 3 '.
  • the flat tube 3 ' essentially has a plurality of identically formed flow channels 21 and four webs 25, 26, 27, 28 defining the intermediate layer 22, 23, 24.
  • the flat tube 3 'thus consists of a combination flat tube / liner.
  • a one-piece production or design may be provided.
  • the webs 25, 26, 27, 28 may be designed as separate components for forming the intermediate layers (intermediate elements) 22, 23, 24, which are connected to the flat tube 3 'in a further operation, for example by a soldering process ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Condenseur (1, 1') refroidi par un liquide de refroidissement, ledit condenseur se composant d'au moins un bloc (2) de tubes / d'ailettes, ledit bloc comprenant plusieurs tubes plats (3, 3'), où chaque tube plat (3, 3') présente une pluralité de conduits d'écoulement (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21) s'étendant en étant placés les uns à côté des autres dans le sens transversal des tubes et définissant un diamètre hydraulique (Dh fluide frigorigène) côté fluide frigorigène, et où à chaque fois au moins un élément intermédiaire (4) est disposé dans la zone des tubes plats (3, 3'), ledit élément intermédiaire définissant un diamètre hydraulique (Dh liquide de refroidissement) côté liquide de refroidissement, où le rapport des deux diamètres hydrauliques, (Dh liquide de refroidissement) sur (Dh fluide frigorigène), est supérieur (>) à 1,3, caractérisé en ce que le tube plat et l'élément intermédiaire sont reliés l'un à l'autre de façon thermoconductrice, où il se produit une combinaison entre le tube plat et la couche intermédiaire, combinaison par laquelle le liquide de refroidissement est guidé devant le tube plat, suivant un flux circulant en sens opposé ou suivant un flux circulant dans le même sens.
  2. Condenseur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport des deux diamètres hydrauliques, (Dh liquide de refroidissement) sur (Dh fluide frigorigène), est compris entre 1,3 et 4, de préférence entre 1,5 et 2,5.
  3. Condenseur selon la revendication 1 et / ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre hydraulique (Dh liquide de refroidissement) est compris entre 1,5 mm et 3 mm.
  4. Condenseur selon la revendication 1 et / ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre hydraulique (Dh fluide frigorigène) est compris entre 0,2 mm et 1,8 mm, de préférence entre 0,4 mm et 1,3 mm.
  5. Condenseur selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément intermédiaire (4) est configuré à la manière d'une pièce intercalaire générant des turbulences.
  6. Condenseur selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les tubes plats (3, 3') présentent une pluralité de conduits d'écoulement (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21) disposés les uns à côté des autres, orientés dans le même sens et configurés de manière identique, où la largeur b de chaque conduit d'écoulement (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21) est au moins légèrement plus petite que sa hauteur h.
  7. Condenseur selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les chemins d'écoulement, aussi bien ceux situés côté liquide de refroidissement que ceux situés côté fluide frigorigène, présentent, en considérant le profil d'écoulement, une pluralité de retours de flux.
  8. Condenseur selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le chemin d'écoulement côté fluide frigorigène est relié en circuit de façon dégressive, de manière telle que la section d'écoulement du dernier chemin d'écoulement côté fluide frigorigène soit au moins légèrement plus petite que celle du premier chemin d'écoulement côté fluide frigorigène.
  9. Utilisation d'un condenseur selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un chemin d'écoulement côté fluide frigorigène et un chemin d'écoulement côté liquide de refroidissement sont placés en ayant un sens de circulation opposé.
  10. Utilisation d'un condenseur selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les chemins d'écoulement côté liquide de refroidissement et les chemins d'écoulement côté fluide frigorigène sont placés en ayant un sens de circulation opposé, au moins dans la première et dans la dernière voie d'écoulement (SW, SW'), de préférence cependant dans toutes les voies d'écoulement (SW, SW').
  11. Condenseur selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur t respectivement d'un ensemble (2) de tubes / d'ailettes, ou d'un tube plat (3, 3'), est comprise entre 10 mm et 100 mm, de préférence entre 16 mm et 35 mm.
EP12715990.3A 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Condensateur Not-in-force EP2699864B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011007784A DE102011007784A1 (de) 2011-04-20 2011-04-20 Kondensator
PCT/EP2012/057174 WO2012143451A1 (fr) 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Condenseur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2699864A1 EP2699864A1 (fr) 2014-02-26
EP2699864B1 true EP2699864B1 (fr) 2018-10-24

Family

ID=45998351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12715990.3A Not-in-force EP2699864B1 (fr) 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Condensateur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10107566B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2699864B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN203772062U (fr)
DE (1) DE102011007784A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012143451A1 (fr)

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DE102013225321A1 (de) 2013-12-09 2015-06-11 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Stapelscheibe für einen Wärmeübertrager und Wärmeübertrager
DE102015103177A1 (de) 2015-03-05 2016-09-08 Halla Visteon Climate Control Corporation Hochdruckkältemittelwärmeübertrager mit Mehrkanalflachrohren
JPWO2020179651A1 (ja) * 2019-03-01 2021-11-04 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン 車両用バッテリの冷却モジュール

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US20140054016A1 (en) 2014-02-27
CN203772062U (zh) 2014-08-13
US10107566B2 (en) 2018-10-23
EP2699864A1 (fr) 2014-02-26
DE102011007784A1 (de) 2012-10-25
WO2012143451A1 (fr) 2012-10-26

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