EP2699794A1 - Centrale hydroélectrique d'accumulation par pompage implantée dans un cours d'eau - Google Patents

Centrale hydroélectrique d'accumulation par pompage implantée dans un cours d'eau

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Publication number
EP2699794A1
EP2699794A1 EP12716360.8A EP12716360A EP2699794A1 EP 2699794 A1 EP2699794 A1 EP 2699794A1 EP 12716360 A EP12716360 A EP 12716360A EP 2699794 A1 EP2699794 A1 EP 2699794A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
water
tunnel
turbine
pumped storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12716360.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Roos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP20155775.8A priority Critical patent/EP3683438B1/fr
Publication of EP2699794A1 publication Critical patent/EP2699794A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02—Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • a liquid typically the water
  • a liquid in times of low electricity demand by means of an electrically driven pump from a lower basin in a higher-lying upper reservoir and drained in power shortage on a turbine with generator back into the lower reservoir.
  • DE 10 2008 020 987 A1 discloses a pumped storage cavern power plant in which an underground cavern of natural origin, e.g. a salvaged salt cavern or a petroleum or natural gas deposit, used in the bottom of a natural body of water as the sub-basin, and the natural body of water as the upper reservoir.
  • an underground cavern of natural origin e.g. a salvaged salt cavern or a petroleum or natural gas deposit
  • Pumped storage plant has to fight on the one hand with a reduction of the energy potential created by the pumping out of the water from the cavern through the water flowing back through the cavern walls. On the other hand, it is also in this structure in the choice of location for the pumped storage plant due to the need for a suitable cavern severely limited.
  • the forwarding of the energy for example, in newly built or upgraded offshore wind turbines on additional routes to the existing or newly constructed pumped storage plants known type causes on the one hand considerable line losses, on the other tedious approval procedures and significant construction costs.
  • the already existing (power supply) network must be redesigned in order to cope with the unstable electricity from renewable energies and the associated grid fluctuations.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, an apparatus and a method for storing and releasing the energy from a lying in a water power plant, such as an offshore wind turbine, indicate that may be located directly at the location of the power plant or in the vicinity.
  • a pumped storage plant in a body of water comprising an artificial (ie artificially constructed), watertight, lockable hollow body, which is arranged on or in a bottom of the water or is floatingly attached thereto, at least one pump for pumping out the water the hollow body, at least one turbine for generating electricity during flooding of the hollow body with water, wherein the pump (s) and the turbine (s) in a walk-in nacelle in or at the bottom of the water (eg excavated and / or lined and / or self-supporting Constructed construction) with connection to the lockable hollow body are housed, as well as a ventilation and venting line, which connects the hollow body with the surface of the water body.
  • the nacelle may be designed as a central (natural or artificially constructed) cavern with connection to several or to all sections of the hollow body.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that the electrical energy can also be stored in large quantities directly at the place of power generation in the offshore area, for the following reasons:
  • PSD pumped storage power plant according to the invention
  • the construction according to the invention may e.g. in marine areas with sufficient
  • Overcapacities can be temporarily stored in the PSW and tracked in the case of undercapacities in the network. On the one hand, this makes it possible to even out the supply of electricity to the grid and, on the other hand, makes it possible to make economic use of the energy gained for the grid operators obliged to accept, for example. through the "intermediate parking" until the
  • a plurality of separate or interconnected machine houses may be provided, in which, for example, pump (s) and turbine (s) are housed with connection to different parts / sections of the hollow body.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the method for operating the PSW according to the invention.
  • the basic operating principle consists of storing the energy via the use of pumps and regenerating it with turbines. There is also the
  • the energy is stored by displacing water against a certain hydrostatic pressure. While in the classical pumped storage plant the energy potential is represented by the height level of the upper basin relative to the lower basin, in this construction the energy potential is determined by the upcoming hydrostatic pressure (water column).
  • the PSW stores energy by displacing water from within
  • the following is an example of the seabed.
  • the hollow body for example, as a tunnel or tunnel system formed over the
  • the shut-off devices are opened. Via the pumps or the pumping function of the pump turbines, the water from the hollow body is pumped against the hydrostatic pressure via an outlet structure into the sea. Air flows through the ventilation pipes in the hollow body.
  • portions of the hollow body which are separable from each other in a watertight manner, e.g. Tunnels, tunnels and / or their segments empty or fill with air.
  • the pumps are switched off and the shut-off valves are closed.
  • the maximum energy potential of the PSW has been reached. This process can be staggered in each artificially created hollow body section, so possibly tunnels for tunnels, tunnels for tunnels or
  • One or more of the possibly existing tunnels or tunnels can be continuously pumped out and ventilated (in specific embodiments) in their longitudinal direction. This can e.g. by a relative to the horizontal slightly rising arrangement of the respective tunnel or
  • shut-off devices are opened.
  • the water from the sea flows through the inlet structures with the full hydrostatic pressure in the hollow body.
  • the displaced air can flow out of the hollow body via vent lines.
  • the hollow body fills with water.
  • the Pump turbines / turbines switched off and closed the shut-off valves.
  • the energy potential is used up. This process can also be staggered in each case in an artificial cavity (or section of the hollow body) or, in the case of extreme undercapacities, in parallel in several sections of the hollow body.
  • the start-up of the turbines at the beginning of the flooding are controlled very precisely via the opening of the shut-off devices.
  • leaning or emptying can preferably the full hydrostatic pressure on the
  • Turbine-containing machine sets can be supported with a corresponding measurement technology.
  • the PSW is located on the seabed and consists essentially of the following components:
  • Star-shaped tunnel system in the manner of known marine tunnels, e.g. For
  • the tunnels of the star-shaped system preferably have a minimum length of 2 km, a width of 20 m and a height of 10 m.
  • the first example below expects 8 tunnels. This results in a storage capacity of 3,200,000 m 3 . This corresponds to approximately one quarter of the useful volume of the known conventional very large pumped storage plant Goldisthai (12 million m 3 ).
  • the PSW pumps the tunnel or tunnel system with low energy consumption via the
  • This PSW can preferably be built close to offshore wind farms at sea depths greater than 50 m.
  • the North and Baltic Seas show these depths on average. There are also deeper places, where greater performance can be achieved.
  • the invention relates inter alia to the following specific aspects:
  • a marine pumped storage plant comprising
  • a machine set located in the cavern comprising a pump turbine, a generator and a transformer per tunnel or tunnel,
  • Sea surface reaches and has an operating platform there, - An outlet and inlet structure above the tunnel or tunnel integration at the cavern at the seabed.
  • Marine pumped storage facility according to aspect A1, comprising the steps
  • Fig. 1 is a patch on the sea or seabed construction of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an underground construction of the PSW with a tunnel system as a hollow body
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a construction of the PSW within a dam with a
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of a construction such as e.g. in Fig. 3;
  • 5 is a longitudinal section of a dam construction with a cavern within or
  • Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a Talsperrenkonstrument with an air side arranged
  • Fig. 7 are plan views of the hollow body according to the invention in the form of a tunnel or
  • FIG. 9 are plan views of the hollow body according to the invention in the form of a tunnel or
  • FIG. 10 cross sections of the embodiments of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of the hollow body according to the invention, produced by lowering large buoyancy-proof containers or caverns; FIG.
  • FIG. 12 cross section of the embodiment of Fig. 1 1;
  • 13 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the patch type of PSW with a tunnel segment (left) and an example of the underground construction of the PSW with a lug segment (right); 14 shows a variant of the sealing and joining technology between segments of the
  • FIG. 16 shows a cross section through a tunnel segment with a buoyancy protection
  • FIG. 17 longitudinal section through a tunnel segment with a buoyancy protection
  • Fig. 20 cross section of a (further) specific embodiment of the PSW according to the invention in full height.
  • the PSW can be built in different variants offshore.
  • the building can both on the seabed (for example, with a
  • Tunnel system as the artificial watertight, lockable hollow body
  • seabed e.g., with a lug system as the artificial watertight, lockable hollow body
  • a possibly smaller construction can also be installed inside dams or in a lake. Basically
  • Variant 1 Mounted on sea / seabed as a tunnel system
  • the storage system according to the invention ie the artificial waterproof, lockable hollow body 1 according to the invention (hereinafter also referred to as storage body and storage medium) placed on the sea / seabed or bottom 2, superficial rinsed in or fixed there with a buoyancy protection.
  • the storage body has the form of (placed on the seabed) tunnels 1, which may be composed of sections or segments, for example.
  • a nacelle 3 in the form of a central cavern 3 with connection of the individual storage body 1, as in the above first embodiment, is founded here deeper to support the function of the pump or pump turbines including their intake manifolds 4 by increasing the available suction pressure
  • a machine set 6 located in the central cavern 3 has here a pump turbine and, for example, a generator and a transformer per tunnel 1.
  • a Toshunt 11 is disposed between the suction pipe 4 and the tunnel 1 and provides inter alia for the conversion of a turbulent flow in the tunnel 1 in a largely laminar flow. Furthermore, the Toshunt 11 here has the secondary function of retaining a sufficiently high water level in order to ensure a sufficient Pumpenansaug Kunststoff.
  • a weather and supply shaft (inspection shaft) 5 in which run among other ventilation and ventilation lines and tools and persons for the purpose of a revision or maintenance of the tunnel 1 and the machine sets 6 can be transported, connects the cavern 3 with the surface of the lake - / sea body 7. Above the sea level 8 are the weather and supply shaft 5 a platform with a jetty 9 and a
  • Variant 2 Below the sea / seabed as a tunnel system
  • the weather and supply well 5 are propelled into the seabed, e.g. up to the rocky horizon, which may contain fractures 12, introduced.
  • overlying water-permeable layers e.g. Sandbanks, silting, etc.
  • suitable special deep building methods such as. Rinsing and suction technology, to be pierced.
  • Rinsing and suction technology for a first tight connection to the rock horizon can be embraced underwater by means of special diving technique largely horizontal Planum to set up the lowest segment of the weather and supply shaft 5. From the rocky horizon, drilling is first made in the depth, which can guarantee sufficient watertightness of the pending rock.
  • This vertical shaft section can be equipped with a watertight, pressure-tight, back-anchored shotcrete shell to form a sealed shaft 13.
  • the central cavern 3 can then be extended, from which (for example star-shaped) storage tunnels 14 are driven. Due to the crack water pressure, a pressure-water-tight shell can also be provided in the tunnels.
  • the inlet and outlet structures here are preferably corresponding inlet ducts, so-called inlet and outlet ducts 15, are provided.
  • Variant 3 Within a dam
  • both an attached variant at the bottom of the dam 17 (reduction of the reservoir 17) can be installed
  • Storage space 16 as shown for example in variant 1, as well as the underground variant (no effect on the storage space 16), as shown for example in variant 2, are used. It should be noted that it is due to the pumping operation in contrast to marine facilities too Water level fluctuations may occur, which could affect the management of the dam 17. While it comes with the attached solution by the volume of the construction to a reduction of the storage space 16, in the underground variant basically created new storage space. Furthermore, it should be noted that by the
  • the water level is not necessarily a prefabricated construction (for example in the form of the above-mentioned individual modules) is necessary. Rather, the water level can be adapted to the structural requirements and possibly lowered. The latter also applies in particular to any revision or maintenance of the parts of the PSW construction lying below the water level, so that a weather and supply shaft 5 can be dispensed with in principle except for a ventilation and venting line.
  • FIG. 3 also shows, in addition to the components of the PSW already explained in FIGS. 1 and 2, a foundation sole 18, a wall premise 19, a wall crown 20 and an air side 21 of the dam 17.
  • the central cavern 3 with connection to the raised lugs 14 on the water side with respect to the dam 17 is formed.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of a dam variant of the PSW with a water-side cavern 3, e.g. according to the construction of Fig. 3, shown schematically.
  • the stud system 22 below the storage space 16 and the right and left slopes 23 and 24 of the storage space 16 are shown here.
  • Fig. 5 is a dam variant of the PSW with a central cavern within or
  • FIG. 6 shows a construction with an air-side cavern.
  • an attached variant can be combined with an underground variant (tunnel) in a system.
  • the PSW according to the invention is to be used in the sea or in a dam or other body of water, i. in all cases, it preferably has several or, most preferably, all of the following components:
  • an artificial, watertight, lockable hollow body as storage medium e.g. with a tunnel and / or stud system embedded either in a natural environment that has been rendered water-resistant and lockable, e.g. mined tunnels or tunnels, if necessary also taking advantage of naturally existing cavities, or in the form of an artificially manufactured hollow body, optionally composed of modular storage sections, e.g. in the form of pipes, tubes or the like.
  • this hollow body Due to the water resistance of this hollow body, it can be completely filled with water if necessary;
  • a machine house or engine room e.g. in the form of a central cavity, connected to the artificial hollow body, e.g. to individual tunnels, pipes, tubes or the like;
  • a machine set possibly in the central cavern, a pump, a turbine
  • a weather and supply shaft (inspection shaft), preferably with an operating platform above the sea level, e.g. in the manner of an oil platform with a vertical shaft to the cavern at the bottom of the sea;
  • An outlet and inlet structure which is arranged in particular above the tunnel or tunnel inclusion at the cavern on the seabed.
  • the PSW connects to an existing structure or a (rock) wall, as is possible for example in an arrangement in a dam, it may be favorable to work without a central cavern and to use a pipe system directly.
  • Hollow body one opening including inlet and outlet structure with means for
  • Retention of contaminants such as a sludge trap, a purging device and spatial rake, arranged for the outgoing or incoming water.
  • Such an opening can in principle also laterally or below a tunnel, tunnel or other
  • the inlet and outlet can preferably be equipped with a controllable shut-off device (for example with annular piston valves), in particular within the
  • a spatial rake is arranged with sloping lateral surfaces and a two- to dreigeneigten vertical surface in the manner of a hood.
  • inspection closures may be provided in and / or outside the cavern to facilitate revisions or repairs of the internal shut-off devices.
  • inspection closures e.g., gate valves
  • the height of the cavern may vary according to the height of the machine sets plus any assembly aids, such as e.g. Portal cranes with slings, etc., judge.
  • a weather and supply shaft (inspection shaft, in short: shaft) can be integrated. This connects the cavern with the sea or lake surface. Within this shaft, the ventilation and aeration lines, a Elevator or passenger car and a rope including the lifting gear for assembly on the machine sets are led up.
  • the inspection shaft provides for a permanent access to the machine technology, without the hollow body or its individual parts / sections must be lifted. For the revision of submerged and arranged on or in the bottom of the water body machinery, equipment and various components of the PSW (especially from the hollow body) technicians can get through the inspection shaft dry foot into the machine house and tools and spare parts are transported, for example by means of a arranged in the shaft lifting device. In particular, therefore, in principle, check-ups and repairs of individual elements during the term of the PSW, ie without interruption, possible at any time.
  • Machine houses e.g., in multi-tunnel systems etc.
  • the latter variant can be used instead of a dry shaft and a caisson for the transport of people and equipment between the water surface and the walk-in machine house.
  • the possibly existing shaft above the sea surface has a peripheral mounting platform.
  • This is preferably arranged above the maximum wave impact. It may include, for example, a helipad, an assembly hall including a gantry crane for lifting out the sets of machinery, a pier, including necessary navigational signs, and a utility building having
  • a nacelle e.g., a central cavern, see the figures
  • a nacelle is provided as a central unit of the overall system. It takes the machine set, e.g. a pump turbine or, two-part, a pump and a turbine, and an associated generator optionally including equipment for the pumping function and turbine function.
  • closure organs such as
  • Ball valve to the inlet and outlet structure (module 2) and a contactor or slide to Toshunt (module 4) and storage medium (module group 5) may be housed.
  • a useful piece of equipment can also be a gantry crane, for example, for a replacement of the generator, the pump turbine or said closure members and their transport in the weather and supply shaft.
  • the module 1 which is configured as a machine house, preferably non-positively and pressure water tight, for example via permanently elastic sealing bands and tendons, with a module 2, here an inlet and outlet structure, a module 3, here a weather and supply shaft, and a module 4, here a Toshunt, connected.
  • a module 2 here an inlet and outlet structure
  • a module 3 here a weather and supply shaft
  • a module 4 here a Toshunt
  • Both openings are preferably secured by closure members that secure the memory state and thus the function of the system and also allow a revision and replacement of components. In order to replace the closure organs themselves, can
  • Inspection closures outside module 1 may be arranged.
  • this module 2 may optionally dam boards are used, which by means of immersion technology from the outside
  • the described machine house can best be installed together with the modules 2 and 3, because it is lowered in this example to a similar level.
  • the modules 1 to 3 may be placed on the seabed, e.g. lowered as far as possible to a planum lowered as possible, lowered, screwed or non-positively and pressure water tight with each other and are finally sunk by appropriate suction and flushing technology into the bottom of the seabed. It may possibly be possible and inexpensive to mount large-sized parts of the machine house on site. After reaching a suitable depth and the assembly of the remaining modules 4 and 5 and the Lenzvorgang with successful leak test inner concreting can be done.
  • the module structure described above by way of example can be excavated as a cavern.
  • the modules 2, 3, 4 and 5 preferably connect in this case as studs and shafts.
  • the sealing may e.g. with help
  • An advantageous equipment of the machine house has several, preferably all, of the following components:
  • Machine set (see following section) • Electrotechnical plant and process control technology, communication technology, safety technology (see following section)
  • Pulp turbine to unite, which acts depending on the direction of rotation as a pump or a turbine.
  • the individual machines achieve outputs of approx. 50 to more than 500 MW.
  • ternary arrangement Another, in particular earlier common solution is an arrangement of turbine, motor / generator and pump on a shaft (so-called ternary arrangement or three-machine solution).
  • This ternary arrangement is still an option for large head heights (over 500 m), as the turbine can be of a different type (Pelton turbine) than for the pump. But regardless of the height of fall, the ternary arrangement offers the following advantages:
  • a hydraulic short circuit can be operated with a machine set, which allows load regulation even in pump mode.
  • the additional costs for ternary machine sets compared to reversible pump turbines of the same power can be up to 80%.
  • variable speed machines A significant improvement in the possibilities for the provision of control energy with reversible pump turbines is achieved by the development of variable speed machines. Electrically this is solved by the development of asynchronous motors. This makes it possible to provide control energy with reversible pump turbines even in pumping mode. But even in turbine operation higher efficiencies and better performance, especially at partial load, can be achieved. In summary, have variable speed
  • Pump turbine in particular a variable-speed pump turbine, be beneficial. Nevertheless, in specific embodiments of the PSW for the above reasons, generally separate pumps and turbines can be used.
  • Energy mix e.g. from pure offshore energy or mixed onshore energy from offshore conventional power plants.
  • An advantageous electrotechnical equipment has several, preferably all of the following components:
  • Control room (automatic protection, telecommunication and active systems)
  • the module 2 is an inlet and outlet structure, which is designed here eg with rakes. It can be a simple rising shaft with opening at the level of the closing organ, which eg connects to the pump turbine, and a computing coverage to avoid the
  • the shaft is e.g. above
  • the module inlet and outlet structure with rake can preferably protrude at least 5 to 10 meters above the pending seabed, which can be avoided that the shaft is filled by a possible swell on the seabed or the swell or sucked during the intake process large amounts of sand.
  • shafts can be performed up to the top of the seabed. These also preferably protrude at least 5 to 10 meters above the ground. Similar to the weather and supply shaft described in more detail below, these can be lowered by rinsing and suction technology over several manhole rings to the load-bearing rock and from there to the cavern can be mined. Optionally, it may be beneficial to open the shafts from below out of the rock and to close the scavenged shafts for the construction state initially watertight from above.
  • the module 3 which is formed in this example as a weather and supply shaft, provides a link between the sea level and possibly located on the seabed central cavern or generally a nacelle or part of the artificial hollow body. According to its function This shaft can be used to supply the entire installation as well as the building-side monitoring
  • An advantageous embodiment of the module 3 has, in particular for large, arranged in the sea PSW more or preferably all of the following components: 1.) Rising shaft, eg made of reinforced concrete, steel or similar material, from the ground level of modules 1 and 2 to preferably at least 10 m above sea level, depending on the requirements of the upcoming sea state parameters, built if necessary; 1.) Rising shaft, eg made of reinforced concrete, steel or similar material, from the ground level of modules 1 and 2 to preferably at least 10 m above sea level, depending on the requirements of the upcoming sea state parameters, built if necessary
  • Ventilation line which inside and / or outside of the weather and
  • Supply shaft can be attached.
  • Storm surge protection above sea level possibly with a pier, e.g. self-supporting or floating in the style of an oil rig or as one
  • venting line (s) may also be arranged differently than on / in the module 3, e.g. From a distal tunnel / tunnel or pipe end, lead directly up to the surface of the water (see the description for Module 5).
  • the entire system is served and supplied via the assembly platform.
  • the rising shaft can in the attached variant, inter alia
  • Reinforced concrete segments similar to the tunneling of the storage medium are produced, but which are put on each other in contrast.
  • a kind of Pfalz can be provided which can be used both as a centering aid and as a receptacle for the sealing elements, for example a type of lip seal.
  • a great advantage of this solution is the high weight, which improves the buoyancy safety of the entire construction, in particular the central cavern.
  • a massive construction can be chosen, in addition to the upcoming massive
  • Water pressure can withstand an additional earth pressure of the upcoming sand and silt. Important for the success of the construction can here among other things
  • the ventilation line plays a central role in the function of the system. It ensures that the intake air when emptying the
  • Storage medium when displacing the water from it, energy storage state
  • the displaced air during flooding of the storage medium energy discharge
  • Ventilation line within the storage medium with a high point at the (for example distal) pipe, tunnel or tunnel end;
  • the interior variant has the advantage that a water ingress can be largely avoided or not carried out with a high pending hydrostatic pressure and the line also can be easily maintained and observed.
  • the line is equipped with a leak detection system.
  • the module 4 is in this example as a link between module 1, the machine house, and the module group 5, the storage body, such.
  • the storage tunnel or tunnels designed and ensures a sufficiently good conversion of a turbulent flow in a largely laminar flow of water when loading (displacement or suction of the water) and during discharging (flooding with water) of the PSW. It may be useful that there is always a certain amount of water remaining in the tamping chamber, through which a possibly higher suction pressure for the pumps or a sufficient water cushion is achieved. It is also possible to connect via a single Toshunt several tunnels / tunnels / pipes. In this case, it may be advantageous to provide the tamping chamber with corresponding sealing members (e.g., with slides) for individually revising the lugs, tunnels and pipes, respectively.
  • a tunnel as far as possible, tunnels or pipe system, which can be pumped empty and refilled.
  • Many different shapes and materials can be used.
  • the following elements may also be used:
  • Tunneling components e.g. Reinforced concrete rectangle profiles, half shells and
  • Reinforced concrete tubes which for the above purpose, for example, on land, e.g. in a dry dock, produced, can be swam in place as a sealed hollow body and lowered to a pre-fabricated planum on the seabed;
  • Standardized concrete or reinforced concrete pipes with large diameters may, for example, be arranged as effectively as possible in terms of storage volume and design effort, e.g. star-shaped (see Figures 7, 8 left) or with
  • the intermediate struts if desired, for example, at least partially using concrete or reinforced concrete pipes, but also of plastic tubes with a
  • Storage volume in the hollow body according to the invention at the seabed is the lowering of large, buoyancy-proof container or caverns, which can be connected to pipelines.
  • This embodiment is shown in plan view in Fig. 1 1, in cross-section in Fig. 12. Similar to the central machine cavern 3 described, inter alia, at the beginning in the first preferred embodiment, here the storage caverns or containers 28, for example made of strained reinforced concrete segments with sealed joints, are erected on the seabed. Since the memory caverns or containers no own weather and
  • An advantage of this embodiment over the tunnel or tunnel system is a good relationship between the cost of materials and the achievable useful volume.
  • a comparable useful volume was calculated as in the simple star-shaped system for a container or cavern system. Based on a container or cavity diameter of about 40 to 60 m and 20 to 40 m height results in a volume of 25,000 to 50,000 m 3 . Nevertheless, due to the complex technology compared only one
  • Diameter can be used.
  • inclined hollow bodies or their sections are possible, which preferably fall off in the direction of the pump / turbine and have their highest at the opposite (distal) end. Accordingly, the ventilation must be sufficiently led to the last possible "bubble".
  • the slope may be e.g. 10% or less, increasingly preferred in the following order: at most 6%, at most 3%, at most 1%.
  • module group 5 In the following, independent general construction of the module group 5 will be discussed for the examples of concrete embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 to 12.
  • an attached design e.g., a tunneling solution
  • the underground variant e.g., a studded solution
  • FIG. 13 shows on the left an example of the attached construction of the PSW according to the invention in cross section with a tunnel segment and on the right an example of the underground construction with a tunnel. Shown are also a rock 31, sand and mud layers 32, the sea body 33, ventilation ducts 34, a concrete or reinforced concrete shell 35 of the tunnel or tunnel or pipe and a back anchor 36th
  • An advantageous embodiment of the storage body module 5 according to the invention can have several, preferably all of the following parts:
  • a ventilation line if necessary such a line per hollow body section such as e.g.
  • Tunnels or galleries which are e.g. in the possibly existing central cavern and the possibly
  • Displacing the water from the storage body can flow in sucked air or expels the displaced air in the flooding of the storage body according to the invention
  • Anchorages against buoyancy for example in the tunnel system
  • water pressure for example in the case of the tunnel system
  • any tension members and grout bodies including, if applicable, any tension members and grout bodies.
  • Closure member e.g. with slide or butterfly valve
  • a leak warning system such as an optical fiber for locating water leaks in the storage medium.
  • Ventilation and ventilation lines are each to lead to the end of the tunnel or tunnel, which also has a corresponding high point in the
  • the ventilation line penetrates, for example, a bulkhead between tunnels or tunnels and cavern and is possibly in the weather and
  • the ventilation cross-section can be determined for each concrete system depending on tunnel or tunnel or pipe volume and filling speed become. Since air is a compressible medium, the pressure hitting is predominantly decisive.
  • A prefabricated modular construction for one on the sea or seabed
  • Variant A Prefabricated construction in modular construction
  • This construction can e.g. be used when a thick layer of sand larger than 15 to 20 m prevails at the seabed where the plant is to be built.
  • Subsoil conditions are suitable for placing large precast components or modules on e.g. to lower temporarily manufactured planum and possibly with ship-bound suction and
  • Rinse rinsing technique in the seabed.
  • the following technological steps can be carried out here individually, in groups, preferably in the specified entirety and sequence:
  • Construction site equipment possibly for concrete and reinforced concrete work on dry dock, if necessary with own mobile concrete plant etc .;
  • tunnel and pipe segments can be laid parallel to step 10: producing a subgrade, e.g. by means of the suction and flushing technique, swimming in and lowering the tunnel or pipe segments and joining the segments at the sea / sea bottom, e.g. over tension anchor. Producing sufficient coverage, e.g. by means of ship-based suction and flushing technology or ballast bodies (bigbacks, precast concrete elements or riprap);
  • Completion of the storage medium e.g. from tunnel and pipeline networks.
  • Variant B Underground construction Below the sea / sea bottom
  • This construction can e.g. then apply if not sufficient
  • Water depth is available for a suitable hydrostatic pressure from an economic point of view and also preferably present in the foreseeable depth of a solid rock horizon. It may also be important in some circumstances that the layer covering the rock horizon, e.g. can be cleared with rinsing and suction technology. If such a situation occurs, e.g. after placing first segments of the module 3, i. in the above example of the weather and
  • Supply shaft can be connected non-positively and pressure water tight.
  • a joint is pressed in several layers around its circumference and secured with rock anchors. From the forthcoming rock horizon, the water-permeable layer of the rock can be pierced with a vertical shaft and with a watertight layer in a first step
  • the machine cavern can be excavated by mining. From this then can e.g. the storage tunnels and the inlet and outlet structures are being constructed.
  • the following construction process is e.g. possible, wherein individual steps can be carried out alone, in groups, preferably in the specified entirety and sequence:
  • the planum can be broken on the rock surface and horizontally with appropriate special technique, e.g. High pressure water jets are produced; it may possibly be placed on a segment of the weather and supply shaft and pressed circumferentially as a kind of veil, a
  • Shaft segment can be secured in position on rock anchors; 9. Remaining shaft segments to the sea surface can be placed, preferably until the weather and supply shaft sufficient over the
  • Variant C dam system with section-wise underground construction and attached plant parts in precast or in-situ concrete construction.
  • the plant can basically be integrated into an existing dam system.
  • the following two basic procedures are possible among others:
  • the tightness e.g. in the joints between the individual artificial storage organs or tunnel segments, the artificial watertight and lockable hollow body. Since manufacture of the components on site e.g. Ortbetonbauweise may be difficult due to the adverse conditions on the seabed, the individual components or possibly segments can be prefabricated and swam. For a watertight connection, especially against water with high hydrostatic pressure, in concrete and
  • Reinforced concrete piping may also be able to use standardized systems.
  • suitable individual systems can be used, which play a central role in the overall system.
  • the following criteria may be particularly important:
  • high resistance to pressurized water e.g., 50 to 100 meter water columns.
  • a combination of an inner and an outer sealing tape is preferred.
  • the power transmission can be via an interchangeable tendon in take a cladding tube.
  • a Montagenische be potted with a mineral grout and sealed with an external sealing tape if necessary.
  • a more conservative version (below variant B), in addition to the sealing gasket hoses
  • saltwater resistant joint tapes e.g. made of elastomer, which are clamped against each other with tendons.
  • An exemplary embodiment of a permanently elastic joint with tendons is shown in FIG. 14.
  • This construction is to a certain extent permanently elastic and deformable and can therefore flexibly adapt to the local conditions and their possible changes. A re-sealing is possible by tightening the existing tendons by re-pressing the joints.
  • Injection hose e.g. as Zweitbetonverguss connected.
  • an external joint tape can be arranged for a second security level.
  • FIG. 15 Embodiment of a permanently elastic joint with tendons is shown in Fig. 15.
  • Fig. 15 Therein are two reinforced concrete elements 37, the interface is sealed, an optional external joint tape 38, associated terminal strips 39, a second concrete 45 with Vergussstoff, a joint plate 46 Abrand with Ableungen, two Verpressschläuche 47 with access in the tunnel / studs, etc., connection reinforcement 48 and a respect an inner side of the (tunnel / studs / tube) segment inner joint tape 42 shown.
  • the joints are preferably made after the individual segments have been floated and lowered, e.g. by diving installation.
  • buoyancy protection for example, piling, GEWI piles or similar pile foundations may be used in normally pending seabed types (e.g., with thick silt and sand layers). These may e.g. be introduced at static intervals on both sides parallel to the tunnel or pipe segments. The opposite piles are e.g. connected by a reinforced concrete beam or steel strap and hold the tunnel segment on the ground so that it does not float. Nevertheless, a residual buoyancy should preferably remain even during the complete filling of the water (for example in the ventilation line or buoyant body) in order, if necessary, to avoid sinking to the bottom of the sea.
  • FIG. 16 An embodiment of a buoyancy protection of a tunnel is shown in Fig. 16 in cross-section and in Fig. 17 in a longitudinal section. Shown are the seabed 49, a
  • Tunnel segment 50 with a vent line 51, straps / cross members 52, tendons 53 and grout 54th Some specific embodiments of the PSW according to the invention are also shown schematically in FIGS. 18 to 20.
  • Fig. 18 shows a plan view of a specific embodiment of the PSW with eight star-shaped tunnels, studs or tubes, each having segments separable from each other in a watertight manner and placed in a centrally located module, e.g. integrate a central cavern as described above.
  • Fig. 19 shows on the left a vertical cross-section of a specific embodiment of the lower part of a PSW according to the invention in a water with 50 m water depth.
  • two tubular or lug-shaped sections of the hollow body which extend at a slope of 2 to 6% to the respective distal end in the water bottom and in a central component, e.g. a cavern, open.
  • a central component e.g. a cavern
  • a crane runway is arranged in a lower part of the mounting shaft.
  • FIG. 19 shows on the right a vertical cross section of a specific embodiment of a section of a hollow body according to the invention, here a tunnel or pipe segment with a rectangular profile, an inner width of 10 to 20 m and an inner height of 5 to 10 m.
  • the tunnel, tunnel or tube sole has a slight increase of approximately 2% from the middle to the two side walls on the inside in this example.
  • Fig. 20 shows a vertical cross section of a specific embodiment of a
  • the water depth (here sea depth) can be 50m or more in the example shown. Shown are tunnels or tunnels as parts (sections) of the hollow body, which run horizontally or with only a slight (not shown) slope, inlet and outlet structures, a central cavern, a weather and
  • Sea surface are at / above the weather and supply well an operating platform, e.g. designed in accordance with an oil rig, an operating hall and a crane unit provided.
  • an operating platform e.g. designed in accordance with an oil rig, an operating hall and a crane unit provided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une centrale hydroélectrique d'accumulation par pompage (PSW) implantée dans un cours d'eau et comprenant un corps creux (1) artificiel apte à être fermé et à l'épreuve de l'eau, disposé sur ou dans le fond (2) d'un cours d'eau ou fixé flottant audit fond, une conduite d'aération et de désaération (5) qui relie le corps creux et la surface du cours d'eau, et une salle des machines praticable qui est dotée d'un raccordement avec le corps creux, qui est conçue de préférence comme une caverne centrale et qui abrite au moins une pompe (6) pour évacuer l'eau du corps creux, et au moins une turbine (6) pour produire le courant électrique lorsque le corps creux est rempli d'eau. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour accumuler et fournir de l'énergie à l'aide d'une PSW selon l'invention, comprenant les étapes consistant à: vider par tout ou partie le corps creux par refoulement de l'eau du corps creux à l'encontre de la pression hydrostatique agissant sur le corps creux du côté du cours d'eau à l'aide de ladite au moins une pompe (étape d'accumulation d'énergie), remplir d'eau par tout ou partie le corps creux par l'intermédiaire de ladite au moins une turbine (étape de fourniture d'énergie) et alimenter un réseau d'énergie électrique en l'énergie produite par ladite au moins une turbine, à l'aide de générateurs et de transformateurs.
EP12716360.8A 2011-04-19 2012-04-17 Centrale hydroélectrique d'accumulation par pompage implantée dans un cours d'eau Withdrawn EP2699794A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20155775.8A EP3683438B1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2012-04-17 Centrale d'accumulation par pompage dans un plan d'eau et procédé de fonctionnement

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102011002175 2011-04-19
DE102011052873A DE102011052873A1 (de) 2011-04-19 2011-08-19 Pumpspeicherwerk in einem Gewässer
PCT/EP2012/057021 WO2012143360A1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2012-04-17 Centrale hydroélectrique d'accumulation par pompage implantée dans un cours d'eau

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DE102013101799A1 (de) 2012-10-24 2014-04-24 Thomas Roos Pumpspeicherwerk zur Speicherung von hydrostatischem Wasserdruck
DE102013020984A1 (de) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-18 Heinz Siemast Stahlhohlkörpersysteme als Pumpspeicherwerk
DE102015115562A1 (de) 2015-09-15 2017-03-16 Max Bögl Wind AG Turm für eine Windkraftanlage mit einem Wasserspeicher eines Pumpspeicherkraftwerks, Wasserspeicherbecken eines Pumpspeicherkraftwerks und Anlage zur Energieerzeugung
DE102019118725A1 (de) * 2019-07-10 2021-01-14 Gerhard Luther Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Pumpspeicherkraftwerks in einer Bodenvertiefung, insbesondere in einer Tagebaugrube
DE102019118726B4 (de) 2019-07-10 2021-04-01 Gerhard Luther Verfahren zur vorläufigen Nutzung eines zumindest teilweise errichteten unteren Reservoirs für ein Unterwasser-Pumpspeicherkraftwerk
DE202020001013U1 (de) * 2020-03-12 2020-11-13 Johannes Joseph Krecher Konzept einer integrierten Speicher- und Frequenztechnik in Wind- und Solar-Parks oder in Netz-Abschnitten
CN113738566B (zh) * 2021-09-14 2023-09-19 国网新源控股有限公司 一种基于抽水蓄能电站的过速保护与流量控制方法
CN114961856B (zh) * 2022-06-17 2024-10-11 重庆大学 一种利用废弃淹井煤矿进行水封压气蓄能的方法

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DE102007056772B4 (de) * 2007-11-23 2011-07-21 Vattenfall Europe New Energy GmbH, 22297 Pumpspeicherkavernenkraftwerk
WO2009111861A1 (fr) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Parker V Martin Système de génération et de stockage immergé (subgenstor)
DE102008020987B4 (de) 2008-04-25 2011-06-09 Vattenfall Europe New Energy Gmbh Pumpspeicherkavernenkraftwerk mit einem natürlichen Gewässer als Oberbecken

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DE102006003982A1 (de) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Oest, Wolfgang, Dr. Verfahren zum Speichern elektrischer Energie, insbesondere von durch Windkraftanlagen erzeugter elektrischer Energie, und Vorrichtung zum Speichern elektrischer Energie

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DE102011052873A1 (de) 2012-10-25
EP3683438B1 (fr) 2023-09-13
EP3683438A1 (fr) 2020-07-22
WO2012143360A1 (fr) 2012-10-26
EP3683438C0 (fr) 2023-09-13

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