EP2725143B1 - Centrale de pompage accumulation pour l'accumulation d'énergie - Google Patents

Centrale de pompage accumulation pour l'accumulation d'énergie Download PDF

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EP2725143B1
EP2725143B1 EP13190075.5A EP13190075A EP2725143B1 EP 2725143 B1 EP2725143 B1 EP 2725143B1 EP 13190075 A EP13190075 A EP 13190075A EP 2725143 B1 EP2725143 B1 EP 2725143B1
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Prior art keywords
water
storage
cavity
pump
cavern
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2725143A2 (fr
EP2725143A3 (fr
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Thomas Roos
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • a liquid typically the water
  • a liquid in times of low demand for electricity by means of an electrically driven pump from a lower basin promoted to a higher upper reservoir and drained in power shortage on a turbine with generator back into the lower reservoir.
  • a combination of energy storage and equalization of peak rainwater flow rates, especially for large urban agglomerations, will be implemented in the EP 599 691 B1 proposed.
  • This is made possible by the regulation of an outflow of rainwater in a surface water collecting network, the corresponding device also comprising at least one second pipeline provided with a slide and the surface water collecting network directly and / or via the pump-turbine group Hydroelectric power plant with a second, low-lying reservoir connects, wherein the temporarily stored in the second reservoir water is returned by a pump and / or by the pump-turbine group to the surface water collecting network.
  • several ventilation shafts are provided within the line network.
  • a pumped storage cavern power plant in which an underground cavern of natural origin, such as a salvaged salt cavern or a petroleum or natural gas deposit, is used in the bottom of a natural body of water as the lower basin and the natural waters act as the upper reservoir.
  • an underground cavern of natural origin such as a salvaged salt cavern or a petroleum or natural gas deposit
  • Such a pumped storage plant has to fight on the one hand with a reduction of the energy potential created by the pumping out of the water from the cavern through the water flowing back through the cavern walls.
  • one is also in this construction in the choice of location for the pumped storage plant due to the need for a suitable cavern severely limited.
  • a pumped storage plant in a body of water comprising an artificial (ie artificially constructed), watertight, lockable hollow body, which is arranged on or in a bottom of the water body or is floatingly attached thereto, at least one pump for pumping out the water from the hollow body, at least one Turbine for generating electricity when flooding the hollow body with water, wherein the pump (s) and the turbine (s) in a walk-in nacelle in or at the bottom of the water (eg excavated and / or lined and / or erected as self-supporting construction) with connection are housed on the lockable hollow body, and a ventilation and venting line, which connects the hollow body with the surface of the body of water.
  • the nacelle may be designed as a central (natural or artificially constructed) cavern with connection to several or to all sections of the hollow body.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for storing and releasing the energy from a lying in a water power plant, such as an offshore wind turbine, some of which directly on or below the location of the power plant or in the vicinity can be located.
  • a water power plant such as an offshore wind turbine
  • This is similar to the device of PCT / EP2012 / 057021 , in contrast to this, however, has storage tunnels or tunnels that are guided underneath the seafloor and sometimes even under solid land (mainland or island) and can be farmed over the solid land.
  • US5389821A discloses a water pumped storage plant according to the preamble of claim 1 of the present invention.
  • This pumped storage plant is intended primarily for use in only a single body of water, in particular for use in the sea; a plurality of storage basins, e.g. an upper and a lower reservoir, is not needed.
  • the electrical energy e.g. be stored directly at the site of a power generation (especially a wind farm), especially in the offshore area in large quantities.
  • the overcapacities produced by the offshore wind farms can be temporarily stored in the PSW and tracked down in the grid if there are undercapacities.
  • this makes it possible to even out the supply of electricity to the grid and, on the other hand, makes economic use of the wind energy obtained available to the grid operators obliged to accept them, for example. through the "intermediate parking" until the economic resale.
  • pumped storage plants which are located in artificial waters or in smaller reservoirs, no artificially or naturally created upper reservoir is needed, which necessarily has a limited volume and whose water level, therefore, possibly falls sharply in the case of flooding of the intended water storage cavity, which Pressure fluctuations may result due to the fluctuating drop height.
  • the pumped storage plant according to the invention is designed so that due to the inexhaustible water supply in the only memory (usually the sea) no water level changes can occur and therefore are not considered for energy production.
  • the device can also be used in natural or artificial inland waters.
  • an application of smaller systems according to the invention eg with one or two sets of machines specified below, is also in deep dams possible.
  • a plurality of mutually separate or interconnected machine houses in the machine cavern or in several different, preferably in proximity to each other machine cavities may be provided in which, for example, pump (s) and turbine (s) are housed with connection to a plurality of first end portions of the hollow body ,
  • Another aspect of the invention is the method for operating the PSW according to the invention.
  • the basic operating principle consists of storing the energy via the use of pumps and regenerating it with turbines. It is also possible to use pump turbines, which can fulfill both functions.
  • water storage can also be used as a compressed air storage.
  • water also compressed air is used as energy storage medium.
  • compressed air generated by means of a compressor or compressor is blown into the already empty-pumped cavity. Upon release of the overpressure, the compressed air may then drive one or more turbines.
  • the energy is stored by displacing water against a certain hydrostatic pressure. While in the classical pumped storage plant the energy potential is represented by the height level of the upper basin relative to the lower basin, in this construction the energy potential is determined by the upcoming hydrostatic pressure (water column).
  • the PSW stores energy by displacing water from a preferably at least largely watertight, generally closable hollow body having at least one arranged in a bottom of a body first end portion and a second end portion which is located below a land surface.
  • a body first end portion preferably at least largely watertight, generally closable hollow body having at least one arranged in a bottom of a body first end portion and a second end portion which is located below a land surface.
  • it is designed as a building that reflects the natural environment of the or the wind farms or other energy-generating facilities, including artificially dammed water reservoirs to fall under the term "natural environment”.
  • the heart of the PSW is at least one machine cavern, which is intended to accommodate the usual machines such as pumps / turbines, generators, energy transfer systems and the like.
  • This cavern is located at a location below a water surface, usually a sea surface, and / or in the rock (possibly also sediment) of a sea slope. It is usually located at great depth, e.g. at about 100-500 m below sea level. If the sea is a shallow sea, it lies below the sea basin and thus under the seabed. If the sea has a trench of at least the specified depth, it lies near a slope of this ditch or under the ditch in the rock.
  • sea shoreline Depending on the shape of the sea shoreline, it may, but does not necessarily, lie below a water surface (in particular the sea area in which the slope is located). As a rule, it is by mining measures as possibly sealed cavity in the natural ground, e.g. Rock, executed.
  • a water storage is at least one cavity, which has the shape of a straight or branched tunnel or tunnel.
  • the machine cavern has a connection to a first end of this cavity, which is located in the vicinity and thus also below said water surface and / or in the rock (or possibly also in the sediment) of said trench slope.
  • This is preferably configured as a pressure-water-tight inspection bulkhead or pressure-watertight mounting opening to separate if necessary, the machine cavern water and pressure-tight from the water tank.
  • the memory cavity may be e.g. be created (artificially ascended), but may optionally or additionally be a natural cavity or include one or more such cavities. It extends, e.g.
  • the cavity may also be several e.g.
  • the machine cavern has connections to two or more cavities of the type mentioned. If necessary, the cavity is artificially partitioned, e.g. through sealable gates. If the natural wall material of the cavity is sufficiently dense, an artificial sealing of the walls is not required; however, it may or may be required in some cases or in some places.
  • the diameter of the tunnel or tunnels is expertly selected as needed, taking into account a sufficient stability and pressure stability, for example, it may be between 5 and 25 m, preferably between 12 and 19 m.
  • the second end of the cavity or, as far as there are several such ends, each of these ends, is typically in the form of a cavity or cavity of a size which may allow it to receive a top-loading tunnel boring machine starting from that location the storage cavity or tunnel or tunnels mined, provided that no natural cavities should or can be used for this purpose.
  • This cavity end or the cavity or cavity forming the end is provided with a ventilation shaft which connects this end (s) to the overlying surface of the land.
  • each of these ends has a ventilation shaft.
  • Further ventilation ducts in particular those which are provided by the intermediate storage area or areas provided for the water storage between the first end and the second end or ends of the cavity, e.g. From areas between the tunnel or tunnel ends emanate, are usually not present, even if this basically does not always have to be excluded.
  • closure members are attached to the cavity end (s), which can seal the cavity against the escape of compressed air.
  • the inflow of water into the machine cavern can be done in several ways, depending on the relative position of the machine cavern and the geological location.
  • the machine cavern is located far below the body of water or seabed.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for geological formations with relatively shallow waters such as the North Sea. Since it is desirable to utilize a high hydrostatic pressure, which is preferably more than 100 m of water, and more preferably more than 300 m of water, in such cases the machine cavern will be well below the water bottom, e.g. B. in the upcoming rock, arranged.
  • An inlet and outlet shaft for the storage medium water extends from the machine cavern, starting through the rock or sediment of the seabed through into the water, ideally to the surface of the water. If this well extends beyond the water surface, it may have additional functions, e.g. be designed as a supply shaft and / or weathering (ventilation) shaft.
  • the inlet and outlet shaft can be designed in the form of a large caisson or a shaft construction site. But there is also the possibility that the inlet and outlet is integrated in the water-side supply shaft described above. Below the level of the water, in the sea below the tidal range, it can have an intake bulkhead with computer system. After completion and commissioning, the water rushes through this construction in the shaft, preferably passes through shut-off and control organs that control the inlet, and drives the pump / turbine in the machine cavern. there the storage cavities are flooded. The air escapes via the shore or island-side ventilation shaft. Via the pumps / turbines, the storage cavities can also be emptied again if excess energy is to be stored. If the PSW is also to be used as a compressed air reservoir, air is sucked in through the sea-side shaft and pressed, for example, via a corresponding valve with high pressure into the empty tunnel or tunnel system.
  • the machine cavern is located in the (rock) bottom at a height level above the deepest part of the water body.
  • This embodiment is essentially suitable for marine applications at locations in proximity to deep sea trenches, e.g. to a depth of 500 m or even more.
  • the machine cavern is arranged in these cases on or in the slope of See-Grabens. But there is also the possibility that the machine cavern is below the sea depth.
  • the distance of the cavern to the slope surface (outside of the rock massif, in which the cavern is located) must be sufficiently large, in order to ensure the waterproofness of the cavern against infiltrating sea water.
  • the actual rock face thickness to be chosen between the sea depth and the sea wall results from the density of the upcoming rock and its separation surface character. In sufficiently dense geological formations, the distance should usually not or not significantly lower than the pending sea depth (e.g., 300 m, or 500 m).
  • a sealing veil can be placed between the cavern and the outside of the mass, for example by injections into the rock, which are pressed with concrete suspension.
  • the water inlet inlet and outlet shaft
  • This water inlet is designed as a pressure tunnel. If the machine cavern is below the sea level, this pressure tunnel is guided in the form of a pressure shaft vertically or obliquely upwards into the sea reservoir, depending on the conditions of the rock.
  • a closure element preferably with a computer system and / or an inlet structure, is installed.
  • the pressure tunnel and the machine cavern are provided with separate regulating and closing members, e.g. Annular piston valves, check valve or the like formed.
  • the seawater flows via the pressure tunnel and possibly additional pressure lines into the cavities provided for its storage, thereby driving synchronous and / or asynchronous pump turbines.
  • the storage tunnels, tunnels o. The like. Emptied or regulated. But there is also the possibility that the Machine cavern is below the sea depth and the pressure tunnel is executed vertically as a pressure shaft.
  • the machine cavern may possibly come to rest below the land surface.
  • the cavern can be opened relatively easily with a separate, additional shaft to allow better access and the parallelism of certain construction work with the result of a construction time reduction.
  • an additional water-side shaft can be provided, which is guided from the machine cavern through the rock or sediment of the seabed to the surface of the water.
  • This shaft can e.g. be designed as a supply shaft and / or weathering (ventilation) shaft.
  • the island or landside ventilation bay has other functions. It may be designed as a supply shaft and / or be covered by a factory and / or with a gantry crane. This can be reached through the shaft and the storage cavities, the machine cavern. In addition, it can serve as a cable route through which the wind farm or similar. leading power lines (e.g., HVDC lines). This allows good access to these lines and their revision.
  • leading power lines e.g., HVDC lines.
  • an additional inspection and / or installation tunnel between individual storage tunnels or tunnels may be necessary, for example for reasons of occupational health and safety.
  • This task can take over the storage tunnel or tunnel itself, or it is provided an assembly corridor in the apex of each tunnel.
  • compressed air as an additional energy storage has the advantage that the compressed air keeps the tunnels of leachate free.
  • the starting of the pumps against the hydrostatic pressure before lashing on the other hand the starting of the turbines at the beginning of the flooding, if necessary with the aid of a control unit can be controlled very precisely via the controlled opening of the or at least one of the shut-off devices.
  • Lenzen or emptying pumping may preferably be the full hydrostatic pressure on the output side of the pump; It is possible, for example, a relief on the vent line to the sea level.
  • flooding it is beneficial to allow over the opening degrees synchronization of the turbine.
  • the PSW can be found in shallow sea areas (depths eg from 20 to 50 m) like the North Sea or in deep sea ditches or basins (preferably deeper than 300 m, more preferably lower than 400 or even 500 m) near islands or venue be built.
  • the North and Baltic Seas have flat areas; In the North Sea there are also deep gullies, for example the Norwegian gully. But there are also conceivable installations in other seas with an achievable rock horizon.
  • the inlet and outlet structure is preferably provided with means for retaining soils, e.g. a mud trap, a purging device and spatial rake for the outgoing or incoming water equipped.
  • the inlet and outlet can preferably be secured with an adjustable shut-off device (for example with annular piston valves), in particular within the machine house or the central cavern (in the following also briefly: cavern).
  • an adjustable shut-off device for example with annular piston valves
  • cavern central cavern
  • the use of a common structure for inlet and outlet of the water has the advantage, among other things, that the means for retaining soiling do not have to be freed from the soiling and therefore have to be maintained: dirt, algae, etc., which flooding the hollow body therein be caught, are washed away when pumping out the water again.
  • a spatial rake can be arranged with sloping lateral surfaces and a two- to dreigeneigten vertical surface in the manner of a hood.
  • inspection closures may be provided in and / or outside the cavern to facilitate revisions or repairs of the internal shut-off devices.
  • inspection closures e.g., gate valves
  • the height of the cavern may vary according to the height of the machine sets plus any assembly aids, such as e.g. Portal cranes with slings, etc., judge.
  • a weather and supply shaft (inspection shaft, in short: shaft) can be integrated. This connects the cavern with the sea or lake surface.
  • the ventilation and bleeding lines, an elevator or passenger car, a rope including the attachment means for mounting on the sets of machines, possibly an air intake for the production of compressed air and the ducts for the inlet and outlet can be carried high.
  • the inspection shaft ensures permanent access to the machine technology. For the revision of under water and on or in the bottom of the water arranged machines, equipment and various components of the PSW (especially the storage cavity) technicians can get through the inspection shaft dry foot into the machine house and tools and spare parts are transported, eg by means of a Shaft arranged lifting device.
  • the machine house or several machine houses can be integrated in the lower part of the inspection shaft or connected to it and have its own housing.
  • the latter variant can be used instead of a dry shaft and a caisson for the transport of people and equipment between the water surface and the walk-in machine house.
  • the possibly existing shaft above the sea surface has a peripheral mounting platform.
  • This is preferably arranged above the maximum wave impact. It may, for example, accommodate a heliport, an assembly hall including a gantry crane for lifting the sets of machinery, a jetty including necessary nautical signs, and a utility building with control and telecommunication facilities.
  • Example 1 Pumped storage plant for shallow water areas in the sea:
  • the storage medium is formed from two separate tunnels in the rocky strata below the ocean floor.
  • the reservoir from the twin tunnels will be dredged at a depth of 400 to 500 meters with a diameter of 12 to 19 meters below the seabed towards the water or energy source.
  • the tunnel boring machine is used. For this it is necessary that the shaft is slightly widened at the base (small cavern). From there, the tunnel boring machine opens the storage tunnel or tunnels.
  • the preparations at sea are being carried out by setting a large caisson (similar to bridge pylons) through the sediment layers up to the upcoming rock horizon. Subsequently, the caisson is sealed against the upcoming rock horizon by means of grouting.
  • the shaft drilling machine is transferred to the offshore construction site and drives the lake-side shaft to the final drop. From this final depth, the cavern incl. Trafokaverne and Toshunt is broken out.
  • the released demolition material of the shaft and the cavern can be used for example for Kolkêt of wind turbines of the surrounding offshore wind farms.
  • the arrival of the tunnel boring machine working from the land can be expected.
  • a turning area for the tunnel boring machine is prepared in the area of the Toshunt. After their arrival, this is turned and drives back towards the country or coast.
  • the tunnel tube 1 can be taken as storage in operation. This means that 50% of the system is in operation.
  • the inlet, weather and supply shaft on the sea is thus erected parallel to the approach of the tunnels.
  • This shaft receives below the water level an inlet bulkhead with computer system.
  • the water rushes through this construction into the shaft, passes through the shutter and control elements in the intake structure and drives the pump turbines (synchronous and asynchronous machines) in the cavern.
  • the storage tunnels 1 and 2 are flooded.
  • the air escapes through the ventilation shaft ashore.
  • the storage tunnels can also be emptied again using these machines. Then the air flows from the land.
  • the weather and supply shaft on land not only serves as ventilation. He is covered by a workshop with a gantry crane. This can be reached through the shaft and the storage tunnel, the machine cavern.
  • the storage tunnels are separated from the cavern by a bulkhead or a pressure-watertight mounting opening.
  • the storage tunnels can be used in addition to their storage function as a cable route for offshore wind farms and thus secure the revision.
  • Example 2 pumped storage facility for sea ditches or gutters:
  • the storage medium is formed from two separate tunnels in the continental shelf of the respective coast or island.
  • the twin tunnel is drilled up to the edge of the deep-water channels with a diameter of 12 to 19 m.
  • a tunnel boring machine is placed in this shaft after the construction of the landside weather and inspection shaft. From there, the tunnel boring machine drives the storage tunnel up to approx. 1,000 m in front of the continental shelf flank.
  • a machine cavern with a Traforaum and Toshunt is erected in the rock.
  • the latter forms the turning possibility for the tunnel boring machine.
  • the distance from the cavern to the outside of the rock mass is measured by the density of the rock. If this is not sufficiently large, a sealing veil must be provided.
  • a separate pressure tunnel connects the sea bottom with the machine cavern.
  • a closure element with a computer system and an inlet structure is installed.
  • the pressure tunnel and the cavern are provided with separate regulating and closing members, e.g. Ring piston valves, check valve, etc. formed.
  • the storage tunnels can also be emptied again using these machines.
  • the shore-side weather and inspection shaft on the coast serves as a ventilation and ventilation shaft. If required, an additional inspection and installation tunnel can be drilled between the twin tunnels, which should then also ensure the ventilation of the cavern. Basically, however, the storage tunnel itself can take over these tasks, and / or but it can be an assembly passage in the apex of each tunnel are provided.
  • a pumped storage plant with two storage tunnels of 50 km length and a diameter of 12.5 m has a storage volume of about 12 million m 3 .
  • a fall height of 500 m such as in the Norwegian channel, an installed capacity of 2,180 MW over 6 hours or of 1,635 MW over 8 hours would be available.
  • the cavern can not be prepared without an additional water-side shaft (no parallel work). The period of time required to set up this variant until commissioning is then significantly longer (approximately doubled).

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage, comprenant
    - une cavité d'accumulation (6) sous la forme d'un tunnel ou d'une galerie avec au moins une première extrémité disposée dans un sol d'une pièce d'eau ou dans la roche et/ou le sédiment (3) d'un versant sous-marin (4) et avec une deuxième extrémité, qui se trouve en dessous d'une surface du terrain (1),
    - une caverne des machines (7), qui présente un raccordement à la première extrémité de la cavité (6) et qui est ou peut être équipée d'un ensemble de machines, comprenant au moins une pompe pour pomper de l'eau hors de la cavité (6) et au moins une turbine pour la production d'électricité lors du remplissage de la cavité (6) avec de l'eau,
    - une arrivée d'eau (8) à la caverne des machines (7) et
    - un puits d'aération (5),
    caractérisée en ce que le puits d'aération (5) s'étend depuis la deuxième extrémité de la cavité (6) jusqu'à la surface du terrain (1).
  2. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre
    - des dispositifs pour le remplissage complémentaire de la cavité avec de l'air comprimé, afin de produire de l'énergie par l'air s'échappant sous haute pression et pour colmater la cavité contre l'échappement d'air à haute pression.
  3. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon une revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle l'arrivée d'eau à la caverne des machines (7) est réalisée sous la forme d'un puits d'entrée et de sortie (8) qui s'étend, de préférence verticalement, depuis la caverne des machines (7) à travers la roche et/ou le sédiment (3) du fond sous-marin (4) jusque dans l'eau qui se trouve au-dessus.
  4. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle des composants du puits d'entrée et de sortie (8) se prolongent jusqu'au-dessus de la surface de l'eau (2), caractérisée en ce que le puits est réalisé sous la forme d'un puits de visite avec d'autres fonctions, sélectionnées de préférence parmi des fonctions d'alimentation, d'entretien et d'aération.
  5. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon une revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle l'arrivée d'eau à la caverne des machines (7) est formée par une galerie sous pression s'étendant horizontalement, en oblique ou verticalement, qui est équipée d'un organe de fermeture à l'entrée vers la caverne des machines (7), dans laquelle la galerie sous pression s'étend à travers la roche et/ou le sédiment (3) d'un versant sous-marin jusque dans une masse d'eau trouvant à côté ou au-dessus de celui-ci.
  6. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle la galerie sous pression présente entre l'entrée dans la roche/le sédiment (3) du versant sous-marin et la caverne des machines (7) une longueur au moins égale à la profondeur de la masse d'eau supérieure et/ou la caverne des machines est rendue étanche par rapport à l'eau supérieure avec un voile d'étanchéité.
  7. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dont la cavité d'accumulation présente des parties séparables l'une de l'autre de façon étanche à l'eau.
  8. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la cavité d'accumulation (6) est formée selon sa direction longitudinale avec une pente ascendante par rapport à l'horizontale, de telle manière qu'elle puisse être de façon continue pompée, aérée ou remplie d'eau dans cette direction longitudinale.
  9. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite au moins une pompe destinée au pompage de l'eau et ladite au moins une turbine destinée à la production d'électricité se présentent sous la forme d'une pompe-turbine, qui est de préférence une pompe-turbine à vitesse variable, qui de préférence encore est combinée avec une autre pompe-turbine à vitesse fixe.
  10. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui présente au moins un dispositif d'arrêt pour l'ouverture et la fermeture d'au moins une partie de la cavité d'accumulation (6) par rapport à l'eau et éventuellement en outre par rapport à l'air comprimé et qui présente éventuellement une unité de commande pour commander ledit au moins un dispositif d'arrêt.
  11. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite au moins une pompe, de préférence avec un tube d'aspiration correspondant, est disposée plus profondément que le fond de la cavité d'accumulation (6) pour créer une pression d'aspiration prédéterminée.
  12. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite au moins une turbine est disposée plus profondément que le fond de la cavité d'accumulation (6).
  13. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle il est prévu un ouvrage de sortie et d'entrée pour le guidage de l'eau dans l'arrivée d'eau ou pour l'en évacuer, dans laquelle l'ouvrage de sortie et d'entrée présente dans la région de son/ses ouverture(s) de préférence un moyen de retenue des saletés, en particulier une ou plusieurs grille(s).
  14. Centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle il est prévu dans la caverne des machines (7) ou à proximité de la caverne des machines (7) une chambre d'amortissement (9), qui peut convertir des écoulements turbulents de l'eau entrante en un écoulement laminaire, avant que l'eau pénètre dans la cavité d'accumulation (6) .
  15. Procédé pour accumuler et libérer de l'énergie à l'aide d'une centrale hydroélectrique à accumulation par pompage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant les opérations suivantes:
    - vider partiellement ou entièrement la cavité d'accumulation (6) en refoulant l'eau hors de la cavité d'accumulation (6) contre la pression hydrostatique exercée par l'eau sur la cavité d'accumulation (6) à l'aide de ladite au moins une pompe (opération d'accumulation d'énergie),
    - remplir partiellement ou entièrement la cavité d'accumulation (6) avec de l'eau à travers ladite au moins une turbine (opération de libération d'énergie), et
    - injecter l'énergie produite par ladite au moins une turbine à l'aide de générateurs et de transformateurs dans un réseau électrique.
EP13190075.5A 2012-10-24 2013-10-24 Centrale de pompage accumulation pour l'accumulation d'énergie Active EP2725143B1 (fr)

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DE102012110155 2012-10-24
DE102013101799.1A DE102013101799A1 (de) 2012-10-24 2013-02-22 Pumpspeicherwerk zur Speicherung von hydrostatischem Wasserdruck

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RU2710164C1 (ru) * 2019-04-15 2019-12-24 Тиберий Георгиевич Незбайло Способ предотвращения ущерба от паводковых наводнений
CN110778442B (zh) * 2019-10-16 2021-01-05 华南理工大学 一种竖管充排海水蓄能提升调峰电源能效的方法与系统
NL2027210B1 (en) 2020-12-23 2022-07-20 Tree Energy Solutions B V Energy storage system

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US3996741A (en) * 1975-06-05 1976-12-14 Herberg George M Energy storage system
DE2843675C3 (de) * 1978-10-06 1982-02-25 Grüb, Rainer, Ing.(grad.), 7800 Freiburg Vorrichtung zur Stromerzeugung mittels eines Windrades
US4282444A (en) * 1979-03-21 1981-08-04 Ramer James L Method for deep shaft pumpback energy generation
US4538414A (en) * 1982-02-17 1985-09-03 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited Apparatus for preventing blowing out of the water supply of constant pressure air storage installations of gas turbine power plants
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DE102008020987B4 (de) 2008-04-25 2011-06-09 Vattenfall Europe New Energy Gmbh Pumpspeicherkavernenkraftwerk mit einem natürlichen Gewässer als Oberbecken
DE102011052873A1 (de) 2011-04-19 2012-10-25 Hydroprojekt Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH Pumpspeicherwerk in einem Gewässer

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