Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for concentrating incident light, in particular the light of the sun, provided device, comprising at least one, in particular spherical cross-section calotte body, by means of which the incident light on at least one photovoltaic absorber, in particular at least one solar cell, for example on at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, is deflected.
• the present invention further relates to a method for concentrating incident light, in particular the light of the sun, by means of the Kaustik bins at least one, in particular spherical cross-section, KalottenMechs by which the incident light on at least one photovoltaic absorber means, in particular at least one solar cell, For example, at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, is deflected.
• a method for concentrating incident light in particular the light of the sun, by means of the Kaustik bins at least one, in particular spherical cross-section, Kalotten emotionss by which the incident light on at least one photovoltaic absorber means, in particular at least one solar cell, For example, at least one solar cell plate or at least one solar cell latch, is deflected.
• WO 2009/135892 A2 discloses a device and a method for concentrating incident light, in particular sunlight, which has a trough-shaped or trough-shaped, in particular at least approximately spherical cross-section, calotte.
• a solar module with lamellar properties is provided, in particular at least one trough-shaped or trough-shaped, for example, in cross section at least approximately spherically formed, the calotte
• Partially translucent, especially partially transparent, and partially opaque, in particular partially mirrored, may be formed or
• At least one opaque, in particular mirrored, part for example in the form of a quarter-calotte (corresponding to an opening angle of ninety degrees), can have.
• the symmetry of the preferably spherical mirror in cross-section and its "wandering" focal point and the associated large tolerance angle enable a mechanically simple internal tracking and / or readjustment of the concentrating mirror together with the absorber, in particular within the calotte radius or Kalottenivis.
• the concentrators can be installed in at least one intermediate space, ie between the panes, in particular between the glass panes, at least one thermally insulated window, wherein the discs enclosing the present system are formed in multiple layers, in particular in the manner of at least one thermo glass pane can.
• the intermediate space in which the concentrator arrangement is located can be evacuated as in a thermo glass pane or filled with at least one gas, for example with air, or with at least one other optically transparent medium (off).
• the Kalotten redesign for example in the manner of a shading lamella, designed as a trough or trough-shaped, in cross-section spherical solar concentrator for solar energy production within at least one thermally insulated window.
• the concentrators as shading blinds and / or as Abschattungslamellen to optimize shading and / or solar energy production mechanically and / or electromechanically and / or magnetostatically about its center, in particular on a partial circular path, rotatable and thus adjustable, in particular trackable and / or readjustable.
• the frame of the preferably thermally insulated window of the heat dissipation of the concentrator is connected to the side parts of the concentrator and / or the absorber carrier thermally conductive.
• the central axis of rotation in advantageously be thermally conductively connected to the frame.
• the absorber carrier can then, in order to allow heat removal, be connected in a correspondingly thermally conductive manner with the axis of rotation.
• At least one glare, visual and / or sun protection element can be mounted statically.
• This glare, visual and / or sun protection element can be expediently non-transparent, in particular mirrored, for example in the form of at least one dome element, such as at least one eighth-caliber (corresponding to an opening angle of 45 degrees) or at least a quarter dome (corresponding to a Opening angle of ninety degrees), or in the form of at least one alternative, such as rectangular, molded antiglare.
• the concentration ratio and the tolerance angle in the mirror in a preferred manner on the geometry of the mirror, the mirror opening, the shape of the absorber, the geometry of the absorber and / or the arrangement of the absorber are adjustable.
• the geometric data are advantageously scalable, that is, the geometric data can be made larger or smaller, with the scaling factor, neither the concentration factor nor the tolerance angle changes.
• the system according to the present invention can be adapted to different applications via its geometry and provides a high degree of freedom.
• the mirrored portion representing the concentrator of the system can be scaled (ie, made larger or smaller) coincident with or together with the absorber geometries defined by the photovoltaic absorber means and / or the carrier of the photovoltaic absorber means and adapts to the respective application.
• the mutual distance of the concentrators in the window structures may be uniform or uneven, for example, depending on the desired transparency between the concentrators. If, for example, an increased transparency is required in certain areas or at specific locations, the distance of the concentrators from one another in these areas or at these locations can be selected to be greater, which naturally leads to a lower energy yield.
• a distance between two concentrator mirrors is to be selected, which corresponds approximately to twice the mirror radius, ie approximately 2R. If, on the other hand, the triple mirror radius, ie 3R, is chosen as the distance between two concentrator mirrors at a particular point in the overall system, for example at eye level, the transparency increases from about fifty percent to about 75 percent, whereas the energy yield per area at this point increases Job goes back.
• the present invention is particularly concerned
• the spherical cross-section concentrators of the present invention are applicable as fins in window structures.
• the present invention finally relates to the use of at least one device according to the type and / or method set out above for glare, visual and / or solar protection in the interior and / or exterior of buildings, in particular
• FIG. 1 in conceptual schematic representation of a first embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention
• Fig. 2 is a conceptual schematic representation of a second embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention
• Fig. 3A is a conceptual schematic representation of a third embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention
• Fig. 3B is a conceptual schematic representation of the third embodiment of Fig. 3A in a modification according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention;
• Fig. 3C is a conceptual schematic representation of the third embodiment of Fig. 3B in a further modification according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention;
• Fig. 4 is a conceptual schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention
• Fig. 5 is a conceptual schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention operating according to the method of the present invention.
• Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of a device according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention.
• FIGS. 1 to 6 Identical or similar embodiments, elements or features are provided with identical reference symbols in FIGS. 1 to 6.
• the incident light L is concentrated in the region of at least one respective photovoltaic absorber means 20, in particular in the region of at least one respective solar cell, for example in the region of at least one respective solar cell plate or at least one respective solar cell bar, in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency through this optical concentration .
• the absorber 20 does not necessarily have to be mounted in the optical axis ( ⁇ 45 degrees), but may also deviate from it, for example +40 degrees or -50 degrees.
• the photovoltaic absorber means may be statically mounted with respect to the cap 10.
• the modules 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100'", 100 "", 100 according to the invention do not necessarily have the Roof area can be used, but also in the interior of a housing or a building G can be used, so that an adjustability is made possible due to the lack of weather.
• photovoltaic energy production via spherical concentric concentrators basically requires no tracking of the concentrators, because the tolerance angle is large enough. This applies both to outdoor applications, for example on facades and on roofs, as well as indoors, for example in gardens and in windows, but also for integration in roofs and / or in the cladding (see Fig. 2).
• dome 10 for example made of plastic
• side parts for example made of aluminum
• a silicon carrier for example of aluminum
• a cover plate 30 for example made of acrylic glass or Plexiglas or glass.
• the assembly of these mounting parts can be done with known production methods, such as with adhesive bonding or thermal welding.
• the structure can be simplified insofar as the cover plate 30 (which represents a substantial cost factor) can then be omitted.
• This cost reduction step can be continued by placing the above-described solar system 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100", 100 "", 100 in a window with thermal glazing, for example in a wood / aluminum window or, in particular, in a plastic / Aluminum window, is integrated, with a special composite construction, the installation of a sun and privacy between the two panes 40, 42 of the thermal glazing is possible.
• the two panes 40, 42 of the thermal glass are not mounted at a conventional distance of about one centimeter in the frame, but at a greater distance, for example, less than about five centimeters, then between the two discs 40, 42, the mirror caps 10 with the absorber carriers 22 and the absorbers 20, as shown in the exemplary illustration of the embodiment of FIG. 3A.
• the assembly of the mirror cap 10 according to FIG. 3A can also be carried out in an advantageous manner such that the mirror cap 10 does not fill the entire space between the discs 40, 42 but at least one gap remains on at least one side for higher thermal insulation.
• a change occurs between substantially transparent areas ( ⁇ -> no mirror cap 10 with absorber carrier 22 and absorber 20 mounted between panes 40, 42) and substantially nontransparent areas ( ⁇ -> Mirror calotte 10 with absorber carrier 22 and absorber 20 between discs 40, 42 mounted).
• the arrangement of the dome 10 thus results in each case about the same size transparent as opaque area.
• the spacing between panes 40, 42 may be, for example, about 1.5 cm or about 2.5 cm.
• the cost of the photovoltaic solar system 100 ", 100 '", 100 "", 100 reduced to the cap 10u, the absorber carrier 22 and the absorber 20.
• the transparent part 10o be omitted, that is, the cap body 10 is reduced to the opaque portion 10u.
• the half-calotte according to FIGS. 1, 2 becomes, for example, a quarter-calotte according to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5 , Fig. 6 reduced.
• the optically active area of the mirror depends on the geometries of the concentrator system.
• the disks 40, 46 and 42, 48 enclosing the concentrator system may also be designed as multi-layered thermal disks (see Fig. 3A).
• Fig. 3A modified photovoltaic solar system 100 "shown in FIG.
• the concentrator dome 10 and the absorber 20 with carrier 22 between the first two disks 40, 42 ( in the first space) a triple glazed, ie the first space and a
• the respective space between two disks 40, 42 and 42, 44, that is, the respective width of each of the two spaces may be, for example, about eighteen millimeters to about twenty millimeters.
• the transparency for the optical information is then fifty percent, the optical concentration being applied by the mirrors 10 only to the incident sunlight L; the beam path of the optical information from the outside is unimpaired in that portion or area in which the concentrator is not.
• the mutual spacing of the concentrators 10 in the window structures 40, 42, 44 can depend on the desired transparency
• FIG. 3B cross-sectional view of concentrators 10 evenly spaced 2R between the discs 40, 42, 44 of a triple-glazed thermal insulation panel) or
• Fig. 3C cross-sectional view of an increased distance 3R between the concentrators 10 in some areas of the thermal insulation panel for the purpose of increased transparency at this location
• the distance of the concentrators 10 from each other can be selected to be greater Energy yield goes hand in hand.
• a distance between two concentrator mirrors 10 is selected which corresponds approximately to twice the mirror radius, that is to say approximately 2R (see Fig. 3B, see the lower area in Fig. 3C). If, on the other hand, the triple mirror radius, that is to say 3R, is selected as the distance between two concentrator mirrors 10 at a specific point in the overall system, for example at eye level of a person (see the upper area in FIG. 3C), the transparency of about fifty percent increases to about 75 percent, whereas the energy yield per area at this point goes back.
• the geometric data of the photovoltaic Solar system modules 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100'", 100 “”, 100 are basically also made larger or smaller, with the scaling factor, neither the concentration factor nor the tolerance angle changes.
• the system 100, 100 ', 100 ", 100'", 100 “”, 100 can be adapted to different applications via its geometry and provides a high degree of freedom, the following parameters having to be adapted in context (cf. lower part of Fig. 3B and Fig. 3C):
• the thickness and / or the width of the carrier 22 of the photovoltaic absorber means 20 are the thickness and / or the width of the carrier 22 of the photovoltaic absorber means 20.
• the metal frames of the thermal glazing can also be integrated into the heat dissipation of the absorber 20 at the same time.
• the cost of such a solar window are determined by the compared to conventional windows wider window frames, by the semitransparent or reduced to the mirrored mirror calotte 10 and the absorber 20 with respective absorber carrier 22.
• the glare, visual and / or sunscreen effect can be further increased by inserting a further reduced (in size) mirrored dome 10 (FIG. 4), as compared with the embodiment of FIG. 4 modified in comparison with FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C. , for example, eighth or quarter) dome 12 is mounted.
• This non-transparent, ideally mirrored additional dome 12 prevents the penetration of light rays L when the concentrating dome 10 is rotated by an angle following the change in the state of the sun S (see Fig. 4).
• At least one mechanism for adjusting the calottes 10 can be integrated into such a solar window and thus a lamellar effect can be achieved.
• the adjustment axis for the adjustment of the dome 10 is not necessarily led out to the outside of the glazed area; Rather, the adjustment can also be brought about by electromagnetic internal components.
• the mirror element and the absorber 20 are mechanically rigidly coupled and are thus moved as a unit.
• FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 5, 6 combines a thermal insulation window with a high degree of solar energy production and with a lamellar shading.
• the use of solar energy through concentrators in such a thermally insulated window requires the shading blades to be mounted. This considerably reduces the maintenance effort compared to conventional external shading blades.
• the space between the glass panes 40, 42 receiving the spherical body 10 with the photovoltaic absorber means 20 can be evacuated - comparable to a thermally insulated window. Alternatively, in this space may also
• At least one gas for example air, or
• the concentrator mirrors are used as sunshades such as shutter slats, a better sun protection can be achieved by readjusting the basic setting. If the readjustment for glare, sight and / or sun protection remains within the tolerance range, this has only a small effect on the energy production in the basic setting. In other angular ranges, a compromise between the desire for energy and the desire for increased glare, vision and / or sun protection is considered.
• the readjustment can be effected by tracking the rotatable mirror 10u in the cap 10, the mirror 10u being movably mounted around the center in the cap 10.
• the axis of rotation is guided on the side parts of the calotte 10 to the outside, provided with a gear 24 and readjusted via a, in particular with the gear 24 cooperating threaded rod 26.
• the outwardly guided assembly axes can also, as known from the sun visor technology, coupled and moved by cables together.
• the concentrators are shading lamellae for optimizing shadowing and / or solar energy generation, mechanical, electromechanical and / or magnetostatic rotatable about its center on a partial circular path and thus adjustable.
• the photovoltaic element 20 is mounted in the center of the 90 ° mirror (or its optical axis) and thus moves with the mirror, if a readjustment of the default setting is desired.
• the rotatable mirror does not necessarily have to span an angular range of ninety degrees; Rather, depending on the desired properties, for example, 85 degrees or 95 degrees are possible.
• Prerequisite for this mechanical readjustment of the concentrating mirror within the cap 10 is the large tolerance angle, due to the Kaustikkurve a spherical cross-section mirror and their Mitwandern with the direction of the incident light. Consequently, the "wandering" focal point and the associated high acceptance angle with respect to the incident light L of the concentrator 10 are a precondition for the functioning of this simple tracking or readjustment.
• Kalottenelement for example, eighth-caliber with opening angle 45 degrees or Chapterkalotte with opening angle ninety degrees
• photovoltaic absorber means in particular photovoltaic element or solar cell, for example solar cell plate or solar cell latch
• first pane in particular first window or first glass pane

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• 2012
  • 2012-01-27 WO PCT/EP2012/051277 patent/WO2012101237A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-01-27 DE DE202012013484.1U patent/DE202012013484U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2012-01-27 EP EP12703991.5A patent/EP2668672A2/fr not_active Withdrawn

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