EP2653627B1 - Shear reinforcement element for a supporting plate, and supporting plate with a built-in thrust reinforcement element - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shear reinforcement element for a support plate and a support plate, in which a shear reinforcement element is incorporated according to the invention.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "support plate" is understood to mean all reinforced concrete plates which are distinguished by the fact that at least one upper reinforcement consists of intersecting reinforcing bars, whereby a lower reinforcement may also be present on a case-by-case basis is arranged from the upper reinforcement and which also consists of intersecting reinforcing bars. In some applications - however, the lower reinforcement can also be omitted for particularly thin support plates. In this case, the interposed below the upper reinforcement and poured with the pourable material gap extends to the lower edge (visible side) of the support plate.

The simpler description, however, is based on a support plate having an upper reinforcement, an adjoining space and a lower reinforcement, although the invention is not limited thereto.

Characteristic of such iron-reinforced or reinforced support plates is therefore that at least one upper reinforcement is present and the support plate is made by being poured out in a suitable mold so that above the upper reinforcement still a certain coverage of concrete material is given and the full cross-section the support plate is poured with a concrete material or other pourable material.

For the sake of simpler description, it is assumed in the following description that the support plate according to the invention has an upper reinforcement from intersecting reinforcing bars and at vertical distance therefrom has a lower reinforcement made of likewise crossing reinforcing bars. The space between the upper and lower reinforcement is filled with the casting material and also the upper reinforcement is covered by a certain coverage of the casting material, as the lower reinforcement to the bottom is also covered by a certain coverage of the castable concrete material.

Such support plates have proven themselves on a large scale and are used for the overvoltage of large spaces. The thickness of such support plates is in the range between 20 and 40 cm and the span for such support plates is between 6 and 15 m, wherein such a support plate has an area of z. B. may have between 50 to 100 m ² .

It has been recognized as problematic when it comes to placing such a support plate on the underside on upwardly directed supports or supports, because just at these support points tensile forces are entered from the bottom of the support plate into the support plate, which leads to a characteristic fracture distribution in the cross section of Guide the support plate. Along these fault lines, there is a risk of breakage in the cross-section of the support plate.

It is immaterial whether the support plate is pointwise placed on one or more support points or supports or whether the support plate is all around or only partially circulating on a peripherally placed support placed.

In all support or Auflagersituationen therefore has the problem that the registered by the support situation in the support plate shear forces acting on the underside of the support plate, generate a characteristic shear stress distribution in the cross section of the poured support plate, resulting in a case of breakage of the support plate in this Area can lead. The fracture area shows a characteristic fracture cone area. This conical fracture line distribution makes it clear in which area the support plate is subjected to breakage and possibly also breaks there.

That is, the support plate can break in the horizontal radius around the applied support point in the form of a conical surface to form fracture lines, which should be avoided in any case.

For this purpose, the prior art proposes to use so-called shear reinforcement elements in the region of the support plate which is endangered by fracture.

So far, however, it was only known to use such a shear reinforcement element in the form of a single, singular push rod, wherein the push rod was arranged with its upper, widened head within the upper reinforcement and with its lower, widened head in the region of the lower reinforcement projecting into it ,

However, the arrangement of singular, not connected to each other via connecting means tension rods, however, has the disadvantage that each tie rod by itself should transmit a certain tensile force from the upper reinforcement to the lower, but this succeeds only partially. A mutual connection of the individual tension rods was missing.

The known tension bars are, so to speak (vertically directed) freely between the upper and the lower reinforcement in the room, which means that the upper head of the tension bar is between the crossing reinforcing bars of the upper reinforcement and finds no further anchoring there and further that the lower Head of this tie rod is also between the lower reinforcing bars of the lower reinforcement and has no connection with the lower reinforcing bars themselves.

The shear reinforcement element WO 97/23695 contains the technical features of the introductory part of the first claim.

This has the disadvantage that the position of the individual, vertical tension rods in the poured support plate is undefined and that the only transmission of the tensile force on the widened head of the tie rod in the concrete material of the support plate takes place, which leads to the formation of notch stresses and no defined Anchor surface results.

The invention is therefore the object of developing a shear reinforcement element for insertion into a support plate and equipped with a shear reinforcement element support plate so that a much better transmission of tensile forces can be done by a shear reinforcement in the support plate.

To solve the problem, the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of claim 1.

The state of the invention is that the shear reinforcement element according to the invention consists of at least one upper anchor plate, which forms openings which engage under the enlarged head of the respective tie rod from below and further that the lower side of the shear reinforcement element consist of a number of Fußsockeln, in which widened heads of the tie rods are added and that also extends the bottom surface of the base of the base tie rods to below the lower reinforcement.

In the given technical teaching, there is the advantage that several tension rods are aggregate-shaped at a distance from each other and parallel to each other with their upper heads an upper anchor plate load-bearing added and thus form a stable, self-continuous shear reinforcement element. This has the advantage that a shear reinforcement element designed in this way can be suspended in the upper reinforcement and thus obtain a frictional connection with the upper reinforcement. All in the anchoring plate load-transferring introduced upper ends of the tie rods act together during load transfer.

This is new and was not known in the prior art, because - as previously described - it was only known that the widened heads of the tension rods were in the space between the crossing reinforcing bars of the upper reinforcement, but there was no common connection.

This is where the invention, which proposes an anchoring plate for joint connection of the tension rods, which comprises the widened heads of the tension rods from below and which is now anchored in the upper reinforcement by z. B. is placed or placed on the upper reinforcement. This ensures that the upper reinforcement is now the upper anchoring surface of the shear reinforcement element, because the anchoring plate is integrated in the upper reinforcement, which was previously unknown. Therefore, a very large load transfer of tensile forces from the upper reinforcement to the lower reinforcement is given by the shear reinforcement element according to the invention.
With the given technical teaching, it is proposed that at least two mutually spaced tie rods are arranged in parallel and together in a load transferring manner in an (upper) anchorage sheet.
In alternative embodiments, the invention also optionally proposes that such a shear reinforcement element can consist of three, four, five, six or eight mutually parallel and mutually spaced Zugstäben.
With regard to the foot-side design of the shear reinforcement element according to the invention, it is proposed in a first embodiment that the lower, widened heads of the respective tie rods each be received in a foot base widened relative to the respective lower head. Such a foot base is preferably formed of a high-strength concrete with a compressive strength of more than 100 N / mm ² , in which the head of the tension rod is cast.

Instead of pouring the lower ends of the tie rods in such existing high-strength concrete foot base and other Fußsockel elements can be used, the z. B. made of metal or plastic.

Important in all embodiments, however, is that the lower edge of the foot base extends vertically to below (that is, preferably below the lower edge) of the lower reinforcement. The lower reinforcement is thus bridged in the vertical direction by the shear reinforcement element according to the invention.

Thus, the advantage is achieved that over the upper reinforcement and the tie rods in the shear reinforcement elements directed down against the lower reinforcement tensile forces are properly transferred to the lower reinforcement, because the lower base surfaces of the shear reinforcement elements below the lower reinforcement also extend. Thus, the lower reinforcement is included in the load transfer through the shear reinforcement elements. This has not been the case in the prior art.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the bottom surface of the respective foot base touches down to the lower edge of the support plate. Thus, the advantage is achieved that the foot base of the tension rods sit on the lower edge of the support plate and all forces can be particularly advantageously introduced to the lower, intersecting reinforcing bars.

With the given technical teaching so there is the significant advantage that the shear reinforcement element is anchored with its upper anchor plate in the upper reinforcement itself and further that the foot base of the respective tie rods of the shear reinforcement preferably extend to the lower edge of the support plate and thus optimum transmission the tensile forces taking into account the lower reinforcement up to the lower edge of the support plate takes place.

The anchoring plate thus surrounds the upper reinforcement and forms there an anchoring plate and it is thus an upper, wider node formed, so that the tensile forces can preferably be transferred to the lower edge of the support plate.

This was - as described above - not the case in the prior art, because there was only known that the lower widened heads of the tie rods ended above the lower reinforcement.

But there was the disadvantage that the tensile forces could not be properly transferred to the lower reinforcement and the concrete material stored there, with which the invention provides a remedy.

According to the invention, therefore, the anchor plate, which consists only of a widened head of a tension rod according to the prior art, widened in the form of a plurality of tie rods extending and receiving these upper heads of the tie rods anchoring plate, resulting in a much better power transmission.

The subject of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims with each other.

All information and features disclosed in the documents, including the abstract, in particular the spatial design shown in the drawings, are claimed to be essential to the invention insofar as they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings illustrating several execution paths. Here are from the drawings and their description further features essential to the invention and advantages of the invention.

• Figur 1: Schnitt durch eine Tragplatte nach der Erfindung mit einer Anzahl von Schubbewehrungselementen
• Figur 2: Draufsicht in Richtung II nach Figur 1
• Figur 3: Draufsicht auf eine gegenüber Figur 2 abgewandelte Ausführungsform
• Figur 4: Vergrößerter Schnitt durch eine Tragplatte in vertikaler Richtung nach Figur 1
• Figur 5: eine Detailansicht eines Zugstabes in einem Schubbewehrungselement
• Figur 6: Seitenansicht auf das Verankerungsblech
• Figur 7: die Draufsicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verankerungsbleches
• Figur 8: eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Öffnungen in einem Verankerungsblech in der Draufsicht
• Figur 9: Schnitt durch die Anordnung nach Figur 8 in Höhe der Öffnungen
• Figur 10: die gleiche Darstellung wie Figur 9, die Darstellung, wie die Zugstäbe in den Öffnungen verankert werden
• Figur 11: eine gegenüber Figur 8 bis 10 abgewandelte Ausführungsform eines Fußsockels

Show it:

• FIG. 1 : Section through a support plate according to the invention with a number of shear reinforcement elements
• FIG. 2 : Top view towards II behind FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 : Top view on one opposite FIG. 2 modified embodiment
• FIG. 4 : Enlarged section through a support plate in the vertical direction FIG. 1
• FIG. 5 : A detailed view of a tension rod in a shear reinforcement element
• FIG. 6 : Side view on the anchoring sheet
• FIG. 7 : The plan view of an embodiment of an anchoring sheet
• FIG. 8 : An enlarged view of the openings in an anchoring plate in plan view
• FIG. 9 : Cut through the arrangement after FIG. 8 at the height of the openings
• FIG. 10 : the same representation as FIG. 9 depicting how the tie rods are anchored in the openings
• FIG. 11 : one opposite FIGS. 8 to 10 modified embodiment of a foot base

In FIG. 1 is a support plate 1 schematically shown in section, where it can be seen that it is supported on a support 2 or a support through which thereby resulting support force that enters a shear stress on the bottom surface of the support plate 1 in the direction of arrow 9, fault lines 10, 11 arise, which directed by the support 2 upwards enforce the support plate 1.

The mentioned fault lines 10, 11 form a fracture cone surface 24, as in FIG. 2 and 3 is shown schematically.

However, the invention is not limited to the Auflagerung a support plate on a singular support 2.

The same problem also exists in the elevation of the support plate 1 on a marginally arranged support, because there are always also registered support forces in the direction of arrow 9 as shear stress forces in the support plate 1.

The purpose of the shear reinforcement elements 12 according to the invention is that a number of shear reinforcement elements 12 are arranged in the fracture-end cone area 24, which are capable of deflecting the tensile forces 21 directed downwards from the upper reinforcement 4 towards the lower reinforcement 3 transfer. This lower reinforcement 3 consists of crossing reinforcing bars 5, 6, which preferably intersect at an angle of 90 °.

The upper reinforcement 4 also consists of crossing reinforcing bars 7, 8.

When fully pourable with a pourable material support plate 1 is therefore the upper reinforcement 4 in the direction of the top of the support plate still have an additional upper cover 14 and vice versa, the lower reinforcement 3 with the crossing reinforcing bars 5, 6 have a lower cover 15.

It is now important that each shear reinforcement element 12 consists of an upper anchor plate 13, which surround with its openings 29, the widened heads 27 of the respective tie rods 16 from below, so that the heads 27 are hooked up in the anchor plate 13, wherein the anchoring plate in turn a horizontal Aufkantung 17, with which it is possible to hang the anchoring plate 13 on an upper reinforcing rod 8 or 9.

When hanging the shear reinforcement element 12 according to FIG. 4 At the same time, the foot pedestals 20 integrally formed on the lower head of the tension rod 16 pass through the interspaces between the upper reinforcing bars 7, 8 and can easily be placed in the interspace between the lower reinforcing bars 5, 6, as shown in FIGS FIG. 4 shows.

It is preferred in this case if the bottom surface of the respective foot base 20 rests on the lower edge 18 of the support plate 1, as shown in FIG FIG. 4 is shown.

In another embodiment, however, it may also be provided that the bottom surface 28a of each foot base 20 ends above the lower edge 18, so that a difference distance 37 results between the two surfaces 28a and 18b.

Important in all embodiments, however, is that in any case the foot base 20 extends with its bottom-side bottom surface 28 or 28a below the lower reinforcement 8, that is, below the lowermost reinforcing rod 7.

This is the first time a perfect power transmission of tensile forces in the direction of arrow 21 over the respective tension rods 16 of the upper reinforcement 4 on the lower reinforcement 3 achieved, which was not the case in the prior art.

FIG. 2 shows that in the area of the fracture line cone surface 24 formed by the fracture lines 10, 11, the shear reinforcement elements 12 consisting of modules are distributed according to the invention.

However, the invention is not limited to such a distribution. The embodiment shows that, for example, six such shear reinforcement elements 12 are arranged distributed in the vicinity of such a support 2.

Instead, however, more or less shear reinforcement elements can be arranged.

The fracture cone surface 24 is bounded by the radii 22, 23, which are also in FIG. 1 are drawn and which represent the maximum radii of the resulting fracture lines.

The FIG. 1 shows, moreover, in a dashed line another break line 11, which is characterized in that it extends from the supports 2 parallel in the lower cover 15 and after a certain extension length extends into the cross section of the casting material with poured gap 25 inside ,

Even such a break line situation according to the fault line 11 can be perfectly controlled with the shear reinforcement elements 12 according to the invention.

FIG. 3 shows in a modification to FIG. 2 in that such shear reinforcement elements 12 can also be arranged distributed outside the break line cone surface.

In this way it is according to FIG. 4 possible to reach from the top edge 19 of the support plate 1, starting to the lower edge 18 of this support plate 1 a proper transfer of tensile forces in the direction of arrow 21.

FIG. 5 shows further details of a tension rod 16, wherein it can be seen that the respective head 27 of the metallic tension rod is upset to the shaft 26 and thus forms with the shaft 26 a material einstückiges part. The material of the tensile bar is preferably an iron alloy in the same composition as that of the lifting bars, which consist of a ribbed round iron material (structural steel) in a manner known per se.

This is a significant advantage over known tie rods, which provide a widened head by friction welding on the shank 26, which must be paid for with a lower mechanical strength.

Furthermore, it is important that the foot side of the shaft 26 also has a widened head 27, wherein it is not necessary for the solution that the head 27 above and the head 27 are formed the same size down.

The heads can also be shaped differently.

In the presentation after FIG. 5 It is also important that the lower head 27 is cast in an approximately cubic foot base 20 made of a high strength material.

Instead of pouring into a high-strength (pressure-resistant) concrete can also after FIG. 11 Alternatively, another foot base 40 can be selected, which consists of a plate-shaped element.

This dish-shaped element may consist of a plastic material, a metal material, or a plastic-metal composite or the like.

In FIG. 11 It is shown that also the lower head 27 is received in a head receptacle 38 of the foot base 40, so that the registered in the direction of arrow 21 tensile force is transmitted from the lower head 27 over a large area on the bottom surface 28 of the foot base 40.

FIG. 6 in conjunction with the FIGS. 7 and 8th shows the head-side recording of the heads 27 of the tension rods 16 in the upper anchor plate thirteenth

In FIG. 6 is in the side view, the upstand 17 can be seen, which is formed in the anchoring plate 13 to achieve that the anchoring plate 13 can be attached to the already mounted tension rods 16 and arranged on the foot sides foot base 20 on the upper reinforcement 4.

The edging 30, which is peripherally arranged on the edge, serves for mechanical reinforcement and for increasing the flexural strength of the anchoring sheet.

The anchoring plate 13 does not have to consist of a sheet metal material. It may also consist of a plastic material, a foil or the like. However, it is essential that it absorb tensile and compressive forces and can transfer fracture-free between the individual hinged tension rods.

The FIG. 7 shows the top view of the anchoring plate, where it can be seen that each tie rod keyhole-shaped insertion openings are assigned. This is in FIGS. 8 to 10 explained in more detail.

Starting from an insertion opening 31 whose diameter is greater than the diameter of the head 27 of the tension rods 16, adjoins this insertion opening a connecting slot 32, which merges into an opening 29 of smaller diameter whose diameter corresponds approximately to the shaft diameter of the tension rod 16. Thus, the head 27 is widened diameter inserted into the insertion opening 31, and this the FIG. 10 shows and then the anchoring plate is moved in the direction of arrow 36, so that the smaller opening 29 behind the head 27 of the tie rod 16 engages and the tie rod thus from its position 16a to its position 16b after FIG. 10 was moved.

To prevent displacement of the tension rod in the opening 29, a tab 34 is formed out of the connection slot 32 and folded down, as shown in FIG. 9 is shown.

The securing of the head 27 is then achieved in that the tab 34 is pivoted in the direction of arrow 35 upwards, so that its underside against the shaft of the tie rod 16, as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 10 is shown. Thus, the head 27 fixed in position in the opening 29 set.

The FIG. 7 shows, moreover, that in the anchoring plate 13, a number of flow openings 33 may be arranged to ensure that when pouring concrete or other pourable mass, the complete anchoring sheet is received in the concrete and enclosed by this.

drawing Legend

• 1 support plate
• 2 pads (or supports)
• 3 lower reinforcement
• 4 upper reinforcement
• 5 rebar below
• 6 reinforcing bar below
• 7 reinforcing bar above
• 8 reinforcing bar above
• 9 shear stress
• 10 break line
• 11 break line
• 12 shear reinforcement element
• 13 anchoring sheet
• 14 overlap above
• 15 overlap below
• 16 tie rod 16a, 16b
• 17 upstand
• 18 lower edge (support plate 1)
• 19 upper edge (support plate 1)
• 20 feet base
• 21 arrow direction (tensile force)
• 22 radius (small)
• 23 radius (large)
• 24 Fracture cone surface
• 25 space
• 26 shaft (tension rod 16)
• 27 head (tie rod 16)
• 28 floor area (foot base 28)
• 29 opening
• 30 upstand (edge reinforcement)
• 31 insertion opening
• 32 connection slot
• 33 flow opening
• 34 lobes
• 35 arrow direction
• 36 arrow direction
• 37 difference distance
• 38 head shot
• 40 feet base

Claims (10)

1. Shear reinforcement element for a support plate (1) poured out using a castable material and which consists of at least one upper reinforcement (4) of intersecting reinforcement rods (7, 8) which are followed in vertical direction downwards by a gap (25) poured out using the castable material and which is followed optionally by a lower reinforcement (3) of intersecting reinforcement rods (5, 6), wherein the shear reinforcement element contains a number of vertically aligned tension rods (16) having at least one upper widened head (27), wherein the one number of tension rods (16) bridges at least the gap (25) between the upper reinforcement (4) and the optionally present lower reinforcement (3), or if the lower reinforcement is not present, bridges the gap between the upper reinforcement and the lower edge of the support plate, and is surrounded by the castable material so as to transmit load, wherein the shear reinforcement element (12) additionally consists of at least one upper anchoring plate (13), in which in each case the upper widened head (27) of the respective tension rod (16) is accommodated so as to transmit load, characterised in that the tension rods additionally have lower widened heads, and in that furthermore, the lower side of the shear reinforcement element (12) is formed from a number of foot supports (20), in which the lower widened heads (27) of the tension rods (16) are accommodated.
2. Shear reinforcement element according to claim 1, characterised in that the floor space (28a, 28) of the foot supports (20) of the tension rods (16) extends to below the lower reinforcement (3).
3. Shear reinforcement element according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that several tension rods (16, 16a, 16b) are accommodated like a unit at a distance from one another and parallel to one another with their upper heads (27) in the upper anchoring plate (13) so as to transmit load.
4. Shear reinforcement element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the foot support (20) consists of a high-strength concrete, into which the lower head of the tension rod (16, 16a, 16b) is embedded.
5. Shear reinforcement element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the foot support (20) consists of a support element made of metal and/or plastic which is widened approximately like a plate.
6. Shear reinforcement element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the floor space (28) of the respective foot support (20) extends as far as the lower edge (18) of the support plate (1).
7. Support plate which is poured out using a castable material and which consists of at least one upper reinforcement (4) of intersecting reinforcement rods (7, 8) which are followed in vertical direction downwards by a gap (25) poured out using the castable material and which is followed optionally by a lower reinforcement (3) of intersecting reinforcement rods (5, 6), and a number of vertically aligned tension rods (16) having at least one upper widened head (27) bridges at least the gap (25) between the upper reinforcement (4) and the optionally present lower reinforcement (3), and is surrounded by the castable material so as to transmit load, characterised in that at least one shear reinforcement element (12) according to one of claims 1 to 6 is installed in the support plate (1) with at least one upper anchoring plate (13) which forms openings (29) which engage from below the upper widened head (27) of the respective tension rod (16) and in that further, the lower side of the shear reinforcement element (12) consists of a number of foot supports (20), in which the lower widened heads (27) of the tension rods (16) are accommodated.
8. Support plate according to claim 7, characterised in that the poured-out support plate (1) has an upper cover (14) above the upper reinforcement (4) in the direction of the upper side of the support plate and a lower cover (15) below the lower reinforcement (3).
9. Support plate according to one of claims 7 to 8, characterised in that the foot supports (20) of the shear reinforcement element (12) with a number of tension rods (16, 16a, 16b) arranged parallel to one another engage through the gaps between the upper reinforcement rods (7, 8) of the support plate (1) and project into the gap between the lower reinforcement rods (5, 6).
10. Support plate according to at least one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that a number of shear reinforcement elements (12) are embedded in the support plate (1).

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