EP2650050B1 - Machine de hachoir à bois avec tamis périphérique et dispositif de désagrégation - Google Patents

Machine de hachoir à bois avec tamis périphérique et dispositif de désagrégation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2650050B1
EP2650050B1 EP13162484.3A EP13162484A EP2650050B1 EP 2650050 B1 EP2650050 B1 EP 2650050B1 EP 13162484 A EP13162484 A EP 13162484A EP 2650050 B1 EP2650050 B1 EP 2650050B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disk
cutter
cutter disk
wood chipping
chipping machine
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Not-in-force
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EP13162484.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2650050A1 (fr
Inventor
Peder Bach Christensen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PC Maskiner ApS
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PC Maskiner ApS
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Publication of EP2650050A1 publication Critical patent/EP2650050A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/143—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with a disc rotor having generally radially extending slots or openings bordered with cutting knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2266—Feed means of revolving drum type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/02—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood shavings or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wood chipping machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a wood chipping machine is known from EP2047911A1 .
  • the material to be chipped is most often biological material, such as whole trees, branches or pieces of wood, but it could also be plastic, paper, ice or other materials suitable for being chipped.
  • the rotor is formed as a cylinder with the cutter knives arranged with their cutting edges in a tangential plane of the rotor, substantially in the axially direction of the rotor.
  • the material to be chipped is fed to the rotor in a substantially radial direction.
  • This principle of wood chipping comprises many fine features. However, it is primarily used in very large specialized machines due to rather large construction costs.
  • the rotor comprises a cutter disk onto which cutter knives are mounted within or in close connection with chip slots formed through the disk.
  • the material to be chipped is fed to the front side of the cutter disk in a substantially axially direction.
  • the chipped material moves through the chip slots to the back side of the cutter disk, where a number of ejector vanes mounted on the disk make sure that the wood chips are ejected through the outlet pipe of the wood chipping machine.
  • both lumps and pegs can pass through the machine without being chipped, either through a chip slot in the cutter disk or by following the front side of the cutter disk to its perimeter and passing around the edge of the disk to the back side.
  • US Patent No. 5,060,873 discloses a wood chipping machine having a rotating cutter disk, which comprises a plurality of fins attached to the back side of the cutter disk near the perimeter for deflecting wood chips axially away from the cutter disk.
  • the purpose of the fins is to minimize the cross over of wood chips from the back side to the front side of the cutter disk.
  • Austrian patent No. 361 762 discloses a grinder for biological material, which grinder has a sieving device arranged along the perimeter of a rotating cutter disk for disintegration of the biological material.
  • the European patent application EP 2 047 911 A1 discloses a wood chipping machine for disintegrating biological material such as whole tees, branches and other forms of wooden material.
  • the American patent application US 818 725 A discloses a dumping-cage for crushers and pulverisers. Still, these solutions can be improved with respect to the ability to avoid pieces of material passing through the machine without being chipped into sufficiently small pieces
  • the wood chipping machine is a wood chipping machine for disintegrating material, mainly biological material such as whole trees, branches and other forms of wooden material, which wood chipping machine comprises a disk housing having an ejection opening, a rotor arranged in the disk housing to be rotatable about its central axis, the rotor comprising a cutter disk having one or more cutter knives arranged with their cutting edges in a substantially radial plane of the cutter disk, the cutter disk having a front side oriented towards a feed inlet of the wood chipping machine, and one or more ejector vanes mounted behind the cutter disk as seen from the feed inlet, where the one or more ejector vanes are mounted on the cutter disk or in a distance from the cutter disk, which ejector vanes extend in a substantially radial direction with respect to the cutter disk and are arranged to rotate during operation of the wood chipping machine, thus creating a centrifugal flow of air and forcing material behind the cutter disk towards the ejection opening of the disk housing, and
  • the sieving device extends along less than the full perimeter of the cutter disk, and the peripheral sieving and disintegration further comprises a cover plate extending along at least a part of the perimeter of the cutter disk, where the sieving device does not extend, and in a substantially radial direction in close proximity with the back side of the cutter disk, said cover plate extending within the outer perimeter of the cutter disk, wherein the cover plate is provided with a plurality of through-going passages.
  • the pieces of material passing through the wood chipping machine are of the required small size.
  • the provision of a cover plate as described ensures that no material passes around the edge of the cutter disk without being disintegrated. Moreover, there is passage from the front side to the back side of the cutter disk around the edge thereof.
  • the cover plate can be used to prevent large of pieces of material from passing through the wood chipping machine without being chipped into sufficiently small pieces.
  • substantially radial direction is meant not only to include straight, radial ejector vanes but also forward curved or backward curved ejector vanes.
  • the different shapes are all well-known from blades of centrifugal fans, giving different pressure and flow properties of the air flow produced by such fans.
  • Having a peripheral sieving and disintegration device is advantageous in that it prevents pieces of material from passing through the wood chipping machine to the ejection opening without being chipped into sufficiently small pieces either by the cutter knives of the cutter disk or by the peripheral sieving and disintegration device.
  • the cutter disk having a front side oriented towards a feed inlet of the wood chipping machine, which feed inlet does not overlap the rotational axis of the cutter disk.
  • the eccentric position of the feed inlet without any overlap with the rotational axis of the cutter disk is necessary in order to allow a drive shaft, onto which the cutter disk is mounted and by which the cutter disk is driven, to be supported by bearings at both ends, i.e. at both sides of the cutter disk, which is crucial for making the wood chipping machine sturdy and robust enough to handle even very large pieces or chunks of wooden material, such as whole trees or branches thereof.
  • the ejection opening is provided at the periphery of the disk housing since such construction eases the ejection of the disintegrated material.
  • the cover plate is formed as a crenelated plate.
  • the passages from the front side to the back side of the cutter disk are defined by the edges of the crenels of the crenelated plate and by the perimeter of the cutter disk.
  • At least a part of the cover plate is formed as a crenelated plate, and the passages from the front side to the back side of the cutter disk are defined by the edges of the crenels of the crenelated plate and by the perimeter of the cutter disk.
  • the largest dimension of the through-going passages in the cover plate deviates from the largest dimension of the openings in the sieving device by less than 75 %, preferably by less than 50 %, most preferred by less than 25 % of the largest dimension of the openings in the sieving device. Using similar maximum dimensions of the openings in the sieving device and of the passages through the cover plate ensures that all the wood chips produced by the wood chipping machine will be of substantially the same dimensions.
  • the sieving device extends along an upper part of the cutter disk and the cover plate extends along a lower part of the cutter disk.
  • the construction will be simpler, because many parts of the wood chipping machine, such as bearings, feed inlet, various fittings and mountings et al., are typically placed in the lower part of the machine. Therefore, the access to the sieving device for monitoring wear and failures of the sieving device and for maintenance and replacement of the sieving device or parts thereof is much easier, if the sieving device is placed at an upper part of the wood chipping machine. Furthermore, a construction with the sieving device placed at an upper part of the wood chipping machine typically results in a lower position of the drive shaft and the feed inlet, meaning that less lifting of the wooden material is required to feed it into the wood chipping machine.
  • the distance between the cutter disk and the front side of the disk housing is between 20 mm and 1000 mm, preferably between 30 mm and 350 mm, most preferred between 50 mm and 250 mm.
  • the distance between the cutter disk and the front side of the disk housing must be large enough to get a sufficiently large total area of the openings of the sieving device and, thus, a sufficient capacity of the sieving and disintegration device.
  • the distance should be kept small in order to limit the dimensions of the disk housing and the wood chipping machine as a whole.
  • the disk housing comprises a front sheet enclosing the cutter disk along its front side, a back sheet enclosing the cutter disk along its back side and a disk casing enclosing the cutter disk along its rim. In this way a reliable and simple construction can be provided.
  • cover plate is mounted on the disk casing. This may be done by mechanical means (e.g. bolts or other fastening means) or by welding by way of example. Such construction is easy producible and reliable.
  • the cover plate is an integrated part of the disk casing.
  • cover plate extends basically along mid plane of the disk casing, where the mid plane divides the disk casing into two basically equal portions. Hereby there is place for both the sieving device and the ejector vanes.
  • the cover plate comprises a plurality of plate shaped tooth members extending essentially perpendicular from the inside surface of the disk casing.
  • a punching, plasma cutting or laser cutting This method is cost efficient.
  • the plate shaped tooth members are rectangular in order to ease their production.
  • the one or more ejector vanes are provided with a cut-out allowing passage of the cover plate during rotation of the cutter disk.
  • ejector vanes are provided with a cut-out allowing passage of the cover plate during rotation of the cutter disk.
  • the one or more ejector vanes extend essentially radially and are provided along the periphery of the cutter disk and that the cut-out of each ejector vane is provided at the periphery of the cutter disk. It is preferred that the one or more ejector vanes are plate-shaped, preferably of rectangular shape.
  • it relates to a method for producing wood chips, the method comprising the step of feeding material to the front side of a rotating cutter disk of a wood chipping machine as described above, where the cutter knives of said cutter disk chip the material, and the chipped material thereupon either is transported to the back side of the cutter disk through chip slots extending through the cutter disk or is transported towards the periphery of the disk housing through the peripheral sieving and disintegration device, where pieces of material too large to pass through the peripheral sieving and disintegration device are disintegrated.
  • At least a part of the sieving device forms at least a part of a cylindrical or conical surface.
  • Arranging at least a part of the sieving device to form at least a part of a cylindrical or conical surface facilitates a simple and easy interaction between the one or more cutter blades and the sieving device due to the rotational motion of the sieving device and the cutter blades relatively to each other.
  • the sieving device is fixed with respect to the front side of the disk housing, and the cutter blades extend from the edge of the cutter disk in a substantially axial direction towards the front side of the disk housing.
  • a stationary sieving device and letting the cutter blades rotate with the cutter disk is advantageous in that it enables easy solutions for replacing and repairing cutter knives, cutter blades, the sieving device, ejector vanes or other parts of the machine that might be damaged or worn out, as will be described in the detailed description below.
  • substantially radial direction includes forward curved or backward curved cutter blades. Since the cutter blades rotating with the cutter disk will also function as ejector vanes forcing the material in front of the cutter disk towards the sieving device, the shape of the cutter blades can be designed according to the desired pressure and flow properties of the centrifugal air flow in front of the cutter disk.
  • the openings of the sieving device are placed in one or more replaceable wearing plates mounted on supports of the sieving device. Placing the openings of the sieving device in replaceable wearing plates is advantageous in that the wearing plates can easily be replaced if they are worn out or if openings of other dimensions are wanted.
  • At least some of the parts of the sieving device extend in a substantially radial direction in close proximity with the back side of the cutter disk, said parts extending within the outer perimeter of the cutter disk.
  • Letting a part of the sieving device extend in a radial direction behind the cutter disk ensures that no material passes between the sieving device and the cutter disk without being disintegrated.
  • the cover plate is provided with a plurality of through-going passages from the front side to the back side of the cutter disk around the edge thereof.
  • a wood chipping machine 1 comprising a cutter disk 15 having one or more cutter knives 16 arranged with their cutting edges in a substantially radial plane of the cutter disk 15 and a peripheral sieving and disintegration device 29 including fixed as well as rotating parts.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a generalized overview of a wood chipping machine 1 comprising a feed inlet 2, a feeding device 3, a disk housing 4 and an outlet pipe 5.
  • material 10 such as whole trees, branches or pieces of wood, which is to be disintegrated into wood chips 26, is fed into a feed inlet 2.
  • the feeding device 3 behind the feed inlet 2 catches the material 10 and drags it towards the disk housing 4, inside which the knives 16 on a rotating cutter disk 15 chip the fed material 10 into wood chips 26.
  • ejector vanes 25 mounted behind the cutter disk 15 the wood chips 26 are expelled from the wood chipping machine 1 through the outlet pipe 5.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a generalized overview of the main parts of the feeding device 3 and the disk housing 4 of a wood chipping machine 1 as known from the art.
  • the feeding device comprises two feed-in rollers 6, 7 rotating in opposite directions 8, 9 about parallel axes of rotation.
  • the rotation 8, 9 of the rollers 6, 7 drags the material 10 in a direction 11 towards the disk housing 4.
  • the rotational axes of the feed-in rollers 6, 7 are horizontal. It should be noted, however, that the axes can also be vertical or form any angle with the horizontal plane as long as they are parallel.
  • the disk housing 4 basically comprises a front sheet 12, a back sheet 13 and a disk casing 14, enclosing a cutter disk 15 along its front side, its back side and its rim, respectively.
  • the cutter disk 15 comprises a number of cutter knives 16 arranged with their cutting edges in a substantially radial plane on the front side of the disk 15, which is arranged with its axial direction substantially parallel to the feed-in direction 11 of the feeding device 3.
  • the disk housing 4 further comprises a backstop 17 arranged to hold the material 10 in position while it is being chipped by the cutter knives 16 during rotation 18 of the cutter disk 15.
  • the disk housing 4 of many wood chipping machines 1 as known in the art comprises an ejector shielding 19, which is a kind of extra disk casing covering the ejection opening 20 through which the wood chips 26 are ejected 21 from the disk housing 4.
  • the ejector shielding 19 covers the ejection opening 20 in front of the cutter disk 15 and over the rim of the disk 15 but leaves the ejection opening 20 open behind the cutter disk 15.
  • the ejector shielding 19 ensures that material 10 on the front side of the cutter disk 15, that has not yet been disintegrated, cannot be ejected from the disk housing 15, whereas wood chips 26 on the back side of the cutter disk 15, that has already been disintegrated, is ejected through the ejection opening 20.
  • Fig. 3a and 3b show a rotor 41 with a cutter disk 15 as seen from the front side and the back side, respectively.
  • each cutter knife 16 there is a chip slot 22 formed through the disk 15, through which the wood chips 26 pass from the front side to the back side of the disk 15 after being cut by a knife 16.
  • the purpose of the edge blades 23 is to break the otherwise circular periphery of the cutter disk 15 and clean out the area between the rim of the cutter disk 15 and the disk casing 14 in order to avoid that any material 10 gets stuck in this area, where it can get very hot and even catch fire due to the friction between the stuck material 10 and the rotating cutter disk 15.
  • the diameter of cutter disks as known from the art are within a range from around 300 mm to around 1400 mm with the most typical diameter being around 1000 mm, but even larger cutter disks can be seen in large industrial wood chipping machines.
  • the cutter disk 15 is mounted on and driven by a drive shaft 24, which is again driven by some kind of drive means for driving the rotation of the rotor 41.
  • These drive means may comprise an external force, such as the engine of a tractor or another machine, or an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor integrated within the wood chipping machine assembly 1.
  • a so-called “revolution guard” is preferably installed within the wood chipping machine 1.
  • the "revolution guard” is an electronic device monitoring the number of revolutions per minute of the rotor 41 and disabling the function of the feeding device 3, if the number of revolutions per time unit gets too low. This is done in order to avoid "choking" of the machine or engine driving the rotation of the rotor 41, because it is very difficult to start up the wood chipping machine 1 again, if it is filled up with material 10 to be chipped. As soon as the number of revolutions is back to normal, the function of the feeding device 3 is enabled again, and the machine 1 resumes working normally.
  • figs. 4a and 4b The operational principle of a wood chipping machine 1 as known from the art using a cutter disk 15 is illustrated in figs. 4a and 4b , where fig. 4b is an enlargement of a central part of fig. 4a .
  • the material 10 to be disintegrated is drawn into the wood chipping machine 1 by the feed-in rollers 6, 7 of the feeding device 3 towards the cutter disk 15.
  • the end of the material 10 is chipped by one of the cutter knives 16 rotating with the cutter disk 15, the material 10 being held in position by the backstop 17.
  • the material 10 that has been chipped off and has now become wood chips 26 is forced through the chip slot 22 behind the knife 15 by the cutting force of the knife 15 and ends up at the back side of the cutter disk 15, from where it is ejected from the wood chipping machine 1 by being shovelled out by the ejector vanes 25.
  • the small arrows in fig. 4a illustrate the flow of material 10, 26 through the machine.
  • Fig. 5a and fig. 5b illustrates two different principles of mounting the cutter knives 16 on the cutter disk 15.
  • the size of the wood chips 26 is defined by the cutting height 28, i.e. the height of the edge of the knife 16 over the surface of the cutter disk 15.
  • other factors can also affect the size of the wood chips 26.
  • the material 10 to be disintegrated is drawn too slowly towards the cutter disk 15 by the feeding device 3, so that it does not reach the front surface of the disk 15 before it is chipped by a knife 16, the wood chips will be smaller than the maximum size defined by the cutting height 28.
  • a cutter knife 16 is mounted in a recess on the front side of the cutter disk 15 with the blade of the knife 16 arranged in a plane that is parallel to the front plane of the disk 15. If needed, a spacer 27 can be mounted between the cutter knife 16 and the cutter disk 15 for adjustment of the cutting height 28.
  • the cutter knife 16 is mounted within the chip slot 22 through the cutter disk 15 along a wall of the slot 22 that is angled with respect to the radial plane of the cutter disk 15. In this case, the cutting height 28 is adjusted by sliding the knife 16 along the wall of the chip slot 22 onto which the knife 16 is mounted.
  • pieces of material 10 sometimes pass through the chip slots 22 from the front side to the back side of the cutter disk 15 without being chipped into suitable sized wood chips 26 by the cutter knives 16. This is particularly a problem with end pieces of the material 10, which can be dragged through the chip slot 22 by the knife 16 instead of being cut, because they are too short to be held in position by the backstop 17 when they are met by the edge of a knife 16.
  • the maximum width of a piece of material 10 passing through a chip slot 22 equals the radial width of the chip slot 22, and the maximum height of such a piece of material 10 equals the distance between the edge of the cutter knife 16 and the opposite edge of the associated chip slot 22.
  • the maximum length of a piece of material passing through a chip slot 22 depends on the cutting height 28, the speed with which the material 10 is fed towards the cutter disk 15 by the feeding device 3 and, only if the cutter disk 15 rotates very slowly, of the rotational speed of the cutter disk 15.
  • the maximum dimensions of the pieces of material 10 passing through the chip slots 22 has been reduced significantly by using shorter cutter knives 16 and smaller chip slots 22 than normally used in wood chipping machines 1 as known from the art.
  • the cutter disk 15 of the present invention comprises a larger number of cutter knives 16 and chip slots 22 than normally known in the art.
  • oversized pieces of material 10 do not only travel from the front side to the back side of the cutter disk 15 through the chip slots 22. Also, some pieces of material 10 are seen travelling along the front side of the cutter disk 15 to its periphery and passing by the rim of the cutter disk 15 to its back side. Obviously, the material 10 is not supposed to move this way around the cutter disk 15, but it is very difficult to avoid that at least a limited amount of material 10 passes along the front side of the cutter disk 15 towards the rim because of the gap between the cutter disk 15 and the front sheet 12 of the disk housing 4.
  • This gap is necessary to make room for the cutter knives 16 which extend at least the cutting height 28 from the front side of the cutter disk 15. Also, a certain tolerance between the cutter knives 16 and the front sheet 12 is needed.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising a sieving device 29, 32-36 fixed to the front sheet 12 of the disk housing 4, represents a solution to the problem of material 10 passing to the back side of the cutter disk 15 without passing through the chip slots 22 of the cutter disk 15.
  • This embodiment which causes all material 10 on the front side of the cutter disk 15 to pass either through the chip slots 22 or through the sieving device 29, 32 or through some well-defined passages 40 in a cover plate 30 before it reaches the ejection opening 20 of the disk housing 4, is described in details with references to the following figures.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a side view of a wood chipping machine 1 according to the abovementioned embodiment, in which a disk casing 14 has been omitted for the sake of visibility.
  • the figure illustrates how the cutter disk 15 of the rotor 41 has been moved backwards from the front plate 12 of the disk housing 4 for a certain distance in order to create an area in front of the cutter disk 15.
  • the material 10 must pass through the chip slots 22, through the sieving device 32 or through the cover plate 30 to get to the back side of the cutter disk 15 and reach the ejection opening 20 of the wood chipping machine 1.
  • the main part of the sieving device 29 is the sieving plate 32 containing the openings 35 of the sieving device 29.
  • the sieving plate 32 is also the part of the sieving device 29 forming part of an essentially cylindrical surface.
  • the sealing plate 33 is the part of the sieving device 29 that extends in a radial direction within the outer perimeter of the cutter disk 15 in close proximity with the back side of the cutter disk 15.
  • the sealing plate 33 can also be placed in a recess along the back side edge of the cutter disk 15, if the thickness of the cutter disk 15 is large enough to leave space for such a recess.
  • the mounting plate 34 is used for fixing the sieving device 29 to the front sheet 12 of the disk housing 4.
  • the mounting plate 34 is fixated to the disk housing 4 by means of a number of bolts 36. This is advantageous because it makes it possible to replace the sieving device 29, either because of wear or because another size of openings 35 is wanted. If the mounting plate 34 were welded directly to the disk housing 4, such a replacement would not be possible without also replacing the whole front sheet 12 of the disk housing 4.
  • the back sheet 13 of the disk housing 4 is provided with a number of air passages (not shown) formed through the back sheet 13 near its centre. These air passages constitute the main inlet for the air being blown out through the ejection opening 20 and the outlet pipe 5 during operation of the wood chipping machine 1. Due to the centrifugal properties of the air flow within the rotor 41, which air flow forces the wood chips 26 to move radially towards the periphery of the disk housing 4, and due to the direction of the motion of the air being sucked into the rotor 41 through the air passages, the wood chips 26 are not inclined to leave the disk housing 4 through the air passages during operation of the machine 1. Anyhow, the air passages can be formed as a plurality of small openings, or they can be covered by a mesh in order to ensure that no material leaves the rotor 41 this way.
  • the cutter blades 39 interact with the edges of the openings 35 of the sieving device 29 to disintegrate the material 10, until the material 10 have been divided into pieces 26 small enough to pass through the openings 35.
  • the illustration of the cutter disk 15 in fig. 7 shows how the cutter blades 39 extend towards the feed inlet 2 of the wood chipping machine 1 from recesses 37 cut out from the rim of the cutter disk 15. In this way, also the part of the sieving plate 32 surrounding the rim of the cutter disk 15 can be used for disintegrating and sieving the wood chips 26.
  • the cutter knives 16 are mounted in a plane parallel to the radial plane of the cutter disk 15, each in close proximity with a chip slot 22.
  • four ejector vanes 25 each provided with a cut-out 44 are attached to the cutter disk 15.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates the same embodiment of the wood chipping machine 1 from another angle and with some elements removed in order to enhance the visibility.
  • the cover plate 30 extends along the mid plane 43 of the disk casing 14. The mid plane 43 divides the disk casing 14 into two basically equal portions.
  • the cover plate 30 comprises a plurality of plate shaped tooth members 42 (also known as merlons) extending essentially perpendicular from the inside surface of the disk casing 14.
  • the ejector vanes 25 are provided with a cut-out 44 allowing passage of the cover plate 30 during rotation of the cutter disk 15.
  • fig. 10 shows the complete disk housing 4 with the back sheet 13 as the only exception, still for the sake of visibility. It can be seen that the ejector vanes 25 are provided with a cut-out 44 allowing passage of the cover plate 30 during rotation of the cutter disk 15.
  • the cutting efficiency between the cutter blades 39 and the edges of the openings 35 of the sieving device 29 depends on a number of factors, among which are the shape of the openings 35, the thickness of the sieving plate 32 and the shape of the bore of the openings 35 through the sieving plate 32.
  • circular openings 35 are to be preferred for a number of reasons: they can be packed closely, thus yielding a large area of flow through the plate 32 in a small place, they are stronger than openings 35 with corners, in which cracks tend to be formed, and they can be sharpened by use of a drill, leaving the openings 35 a little bit larger than before the sharpening.
  • Figs. 11a-11d illustrate different shapes of the bore of the openings 35 through the sieving plate 32 of a sieving device 29.
  • Conical bores have at least two advantages: due to the shape, the bores will be less likely to be blocked by biological material, and the edges with which the cutter blades 39 interact will be sharper, thus increasing the cutting efficiency. The sharper the edge, the better the cutting efficiency, but also the larger the tendency to deformation and general weakness along the edges.
  • a part of the bores can be left cylindrical, as illustrated in fig. 11c , in order to avoid overlaps between the openings 35 on the back side of the plate 32 without having a very large distance between the openings 35.
  • Fig. 11d illustrates a double-conical bore giving both the advantage of a sharp edge for increasing the cutting efficiency and the advantage of a conical bore reducing the risk of blockage by biological material without getting very large openings 35 on the back side of the plate 32.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) pour désintégrer des matières (10), essentiellement des matières biologiques par exemple des arbres entiers, des branches et d'autres formes de matières en bois, ladite machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) comprenant un logement de disque (4) lequel possède une ouverture d'éjection (20), un rotor (41), agencé dans le logement de disque (4) de façon à être apte à tourner autour de son axe central, le rotor (41) comportant un disque de coupe (15) lequel possède un ou plusieurs couteaux de coupe (16) agencés de façon à ce que leurs bords tranchants se trouvent dans un plan sensiblement radial par rapport au disque de coupe (15), le disque de coupe (15) possédant un côté avant orienté vers un orifice d'alimentation (2) de la machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1), et une ou plusieurs ailettes éjectrices (25) montées derrière le disque de coupe (15), telles qu'elles sont vues à partir de l'orifice d'alimentation (2), là où lesdites une ou plusieurs ailettes éjectrices (25) sont montées sur le disque de coupe (15) ou à une certaine distance par rapport au disque de coupe (15), lesdites ailettes éjectrices (25) se prolongeant suivant un sens sensiblement radial par rapport au disque de coupe (15) et étant agencées de façon à tourner pendant le fonctionnement de la machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1), ce qui crée par conséquent un flux d'air centrifuge et force les matières derrière le disque de coupe (15) vers l'ouverture d'éjection (20) du logement de disque (4), et des moyens d'entraînement pour assurer la rotation du rotor, cas dans lequel le rotor comporte en outre une ou plusieurs fentes à copeaux (22) lesquelles se prolongent à travers le disque de coupe (15) afin d'acheminer les matières déchiquetées par les couteaux de coupe (16) vers le côté arrière du disque de coupe (15) pendant le fonctionnement de la machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1), cas dans lequel la machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) comprend en outre un dispositif de tamisage et de désintégration périphérique (29, 30, 32 à 35, 39) lequel inclut un ou plusieurs composants fixes qui sont stationnaires par rapport au logement de disque (4), et un ou plusieurs composants rotatifs qui sont agencés de façon à tourner avec le rotor pendant le fonctionnement de la machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1), les composants rotatifs et les composants fixes du dispositif de tamisage et de désintégration périphérique (29, 30, 32 à 35, 39) étant agencés de façon à agir mutuellement les uns avec les autres afin de tamiser et de désintégrer les matériaux passant suivant un sens radial vers la périphérie du logement de disque (4) sans passer à travers les fentes à copeaux (22) ménagées dans le disque de coupe (15) vers le côté arrière du disque de coupe pendant le fonctionnement de la machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux, cas dans lequel le dispositif de tamisage et de désintégration périphérique (29, 30, 32 à 35, 39) comporte un dispositif de tamisage (29) lequel se prolonge le long d'au moins une partie du périmètre du disque de coupe (15) et suivant un sens sensiblement axial vers le côté avant du logement de disque (4) et une ou plusieurs lames de coupe (39), le dispositif de tamisage (29) possédant une pluralité d'ouvertures (35) et les lames de coupe (39) étant agencées de façon à agir mutuellement avec les bords des ouvertures ménagées dans le dispositif de tamisage (29) afin de désintégrer des morceaux de matières (10, 26), caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de tamisage (29) se prolonge le long d'une distance inférieure au périmètre total du disque de coupe (15), et le dispositif de tamisage et de désintégration périphérique (29, 30, 32 à 35, 39) comprend en outre un capot de recouvrement (30) lequel s'étend le long d'au moins une partie du périmètre du disque de coupe (15), là où le dispositif de tamisage (29) ne s'étend pas, et suivant un sens sensiblement radial en proximité étroite avec le côté arrière du disque de coupe (15), ledit capot de recouvrement (30) s'étendant à l'intérieur du périmètre externe du disque de coupe (15), cas dans lequel le capot de recouvrement (30) est pourvu d'une pluralité de passages traversants (40).
  2. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une partie du capot de recouvrement (30) est formée en tant que plaque crénelée (30).
  3. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la dimension la plus grande des passages traversants ménagés dans le capot de recouvrement (30) s'écarte de la dimension la plus grande des ouvertures ménagées dans le dispositif de tamisage (29) de moins de 75 %, de préférence de moins de 50 %, idéalement de moins de 25 % de la dimension la plus grande des ouvertures ménagées dans le dispositif de tamisage (29).
  4. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de tamisage (29) s'étend le long d'une première partie du disque de coupe (15), et en ce que le capot de recouvrement (30) s'étend le long de la partie restante du disque de coupe (15).
  5. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre le disque de coupe (15) et le côté avant du logement de disque (4) se situe entre 20 mm et 1000 mm, de préférence entre 30 mm et 350 mm, idéalement entre 50 mm et 250 mm.
  6. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le logement de disque (4) comprend un plateau frontal (12) lequel abrite le disque de coupe (15) le long de son côté avant, un plateau arrière (13) lequel abrite le disque de coupe (15) le long de son côté arrière, et un carter de disque (14) lequel abrite le disque de coupe (15) le long de sa jante.
  7. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le capot de recouvrement (30) est monté sur le carter de disque (14).
  8. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le capot de recouvrement (30) s'étend fondamentalement le long du plan central (43) du carter de disque (14), là où le plan central (43) divise le carter de disque (14) en deux portions fondamentalement égales.
  9. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le capot de recouvrement (30) comprend une pluralité d'éléments dentés en forme de plaque (42) qui s'étendent suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à partir de la surface intérieure du carter de disque (14).
  10. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que lesdites une ou plusieurs ailettes éjectrices (25) sont pourvues d'une découpe (44) laquelle permet le passage du capot de recouvrement (30) au cours de la rotation du disque de coupe (15).
  11. Machine de déchiquetage du bois en copeaux (1) selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que lesdites une ou plusieurs ailettes éjectrices (25) s'étendent dans un plan sensiblement radial et sont prévues le long de la périphérie du disque de coupe (15), et en ce que la découpe (44) de chaque ailette éjectrice (25) est prévue au niveau de la périphérie du disque de coupe (15).
EP13162484.3A 2012-04-10 2013-04-05 Machine de hachoir à bois avec tamis périphérique et dispositif de désagrégation Not-in-force EP2650050B1 (fr)

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10507469B2 (en) * 2013-01-18 2019-12-17 Kurt M. Schie Wood chipper
CN104741203B (zh) * 2015-04-02 2017-04-05 章丘市宇龙机械有限公司 一种移动式削片机

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US818725A (en) * 1905-08-24 1906-04-24 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Dumping-cage for crushers and pulverizers.
DE102005062385A1 (de) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-28 Otto Martin Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines Korrekturmaßes bei Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen
EP2047911A1 (fr) * 2007-10-11 2009-04-15 PC Maskiner ApS Machine de hachoir à bois avec tamis périphérique et dispositif de désagrégation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3549093A (en) * 1967-04-27 1970-12-22 Pallmann W Comminuting machine for comminuting chippable material,especially wood,into chips of predetermined size
AT361762B (de) * 1979-11-23 1981-03-25 Buchmann & Co Schrotmuehle
AU2012383A (en) * 1982-10-12 1984-04-19 Lewellin, R.L. Comminuting device
FR2920690B1 (fr) * 2007-09-12 2009-10-30 Michel Bugnot Broyeur de vegetaux pour la production de particules de bois calibres

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US818725A (en) * 1905-08-24 1906-04-24 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Dumping-cage for crushers and pulverizers.
DE102005062385A1 (de) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-28 Otto Martin Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines Korrekturmaßes bei Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen
EP2047911A1 (fr) * 2007-10-11 2009-04-15 PC Maskiner ApS Machine de hachoir à bois avec tamis périphérique et dispositif de désagrégation

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EP2650050A1 (fr) 2013-10-16

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