EP2649720B1 - Circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, method for operating a circuit arrangement, starter device - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, method for operating a circuit arrangement, starter device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2649720B1
EP2649720B1 EP11782438.3A EP11782438A EP2649720B1 EP 2649720 B1 EP2649720 B1 EP 2649720B1 EP 11782438 A EP11782438 A EP 11782438A EP 2649720 B1 EP2649720 B1 EP 2649720B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching device
circuit arrangement
switching
starter motor
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11782438.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2649720A2 (en
Inventor
Sven Hartmann
Roman Pirsch
Stefan Tumback
Falco Sengebusch
Balasubramaniam Venkatasubramaniam
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2649720A2 publication Critical patent/EP2649720A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2649720B1 publication Critical patent/EP2649720B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/18—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual dc motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2250/00—Problems related to engine starting or engine's starting apparatus
    • F02N2250/02—Battery voltage drop at start, e.g. drops causing ECU reset

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine, in a motor vehicle, with a current limiting device for limiting an inrush current of the electrical machine.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a circuit arrangement described in particular above, for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine from a motor vehicle, with a current limiting device for limiting an inrush current of the electrical machine.
  • the invention further relates to a starting device for starting an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, with a circuit arrangement described above, with a starter motor and with a current limiting device for limiting an inrush current of the starter motor.
  • Start devices with a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine are known. It is known to limit the current of a starter motor, for example by means of a pull-in winding of a starter relay, in order to generate a slight starting of the starter motor and thus to engage a starter pinion of the starter motor in a toothed ring of the internal combustion engine without wear.
  • a high voltage drop in the vehicle electrical system is fundamentally caused by the use of the electrical machine for starting the internal combustion engine caused. This is not a problem when a vehicle is cold started.
  • the voltage drop affects other already active electrical devices, which are either switched off briefly or reset, which is perceived as a nuisance by vehicle occupants.
  • a current limiting device is provided for the starter motor, via which the starter motor is turned on and then the current limiting device is bridged.
  • the DE 10 2008 040 191 A1 describes a starter for an internal combustion engine with a starter motor for two-stage engagement of a starter pinion in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine, the starter motor being fed in a first stage via a series resistor with a reduced motor current and in a second stage with its full main current.
  • the series resistor is integrated in a two-stage switching device. The switching device acts with two different spring forces against connecting pieces.
  • the WO 2008/009731 A1 describes a coil arrangement with a tubular coil carrier of an electromagnetic drive designed as a two-stage engagement relay.
  • the coil arrangement comprises a holding and a pull-in winding with a special arrangement of the holding and pull-in winding on the coil carrier.
  • the EP 2 128 426 A2 describes a starter with a starter motor and a single-track pinion arranged thereon, which transmits rotational forces to a ring gear of an internal combustion engine, with a first electromagnetic switch, which switches the starter circuit on and off with an electrical current from the battery to the starter motor with respect to a first contact point Resistor connected in series with the first contact point and with a second electromagnetic switch that opens a second contact point that is connected in parallel with the resistor and a controller that controls the electromagnetic switch for an adjustable period of time to open the contact points and close.
  • the DE 10 2009 047 635 A1 describes a circuit arrangement for a starter with a starter motor and a switching device with a pull-in and holding winding, and with a current limiting device and Bridging device.
  • the current limiting device is connected in series to the pull-in winding of the switching device.
  • the GB 1 303 437 describes a starting device for an internal combustion engine with two switching devices.
  • the first switching device with a current limiting device connected in series controls the second switching device with the effect of a bridging device in the form of a cascade.
  • the EP 2 172 644 discloses a starting device in which a first relay switches a coil for actuating the single-track device and the current to the motor is alternatively switched via a transistor and a second relay, the relay responding at a higher current than the transistor.
  • An idea of the invention is therefore to provide a starting current limitation for an electrical machine which is used safely when an internal combustion engine is started and is also safely bypassed in order to apply a maximum voltage to the starter motor.
  • the bridging device can preferably be switched to a high potential of a voltage source. It is thus avoided that the Bridging device drops a too low potential, for example in the range of 2-4 volts, which would impair safe switching over a large operating range.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention therefore provides that the bridging device is thus directly connected to the voltage source in a circuit and can optionally be connected in series with the electrical machine.
  • the circuit arrangement is designed with a first switching device with a single function and with a second switching device with a double function, the second switching device in particular being designed as a circuit switching device and as a mechanical single-track device.
  • the current limiting device comprises a starting resistor or series resistor that limits the inrush current of the electrical machine.
  • the second switching device is designed as a bridging device. This has the advantage for an application if, for example, the starter motor is first to be accelerated in order to mesh into an outgoing sprocket of a rotating internal combustion engine and is then engaged by means of the second switching device and the starter motor is then subjected to a maximum current and voltage for starting, to start the engine again.
  • the bridging device can preferably be switched with a voltage which drops in particular across the electrical machine.
  • the bridging device no longer a voltage divider in a low-voltage range, as previously known.
  • the bridging device can be switched by means of a total potential of the voltage source.
  • the second switching device for closing a circuit with the current limiting device for the starting current is arranged, with the process being engaged first.
  • the starter motor is first energized via the second switching device, then a higher voltage is applied to the starter motor via a voltage from the current source, at which a series resistor of the bridging device is connected in between.
  • the series resistor is bridged by switches of the first switching device and the starter motor is acted upon with the full potential of the starting device.
  • the circuit arrangement is designed with a delay device, in particular with a switching device, preferably an application-specific chip, and a microcomputer-controlled delay device is particularly preferably provided in the circuit of the circuit arrangement .
  • the first switching device is positively controlled by the second switching device or, in particular, reversed, particularly preferably the first and the second switching device can be controlled by means of an on and off switch.
  • the on and off switch is, for example, an electronic switch which is connected to a key switch or a start button and is closed as long as the starting process is to be carried out.
  • the on / off switch can be controlled by a start-stop control. Switching as positive control has the advantage that the circuit arrangement works fail-safe in a large operating range.
  • the current limiting device ie a series resistor
  • the current limiting device can be used to adjust the influence on an inductive behavior of the bridging device, in particular the first switching device.
  • the duty cycle of the bridging device can thus be set via the series resistor.
  • the first switching device and / or the second switching device and / or the current limiting device for the starter motor are designed as a separately arranged structural unit.
  • the switching devices and the current limiting device can thus be put together and connected individually for each required application, for example as a modular system.
  • a current backflow prevention device in particular a diode, is preferably connected in the circuit of the bridging device. This prevents the first and / or second switching device from being activated again due to induction when the electrical machine is switched off and from energizing the electrical machine.
  • switch-on delays of the switching devices can preferably be set by a suitable selection of inductances and an ohmic value of the switching devices, which are designed in particular as switching relays.
  • the bridging device can preferably be connected directly to ground, in particular in series with a pull-in winding of the second switching device.
  • the bridging device is particularly preferably connected in a positively controlled manner via a third switching device with individual function as the first switching device with individual function. The bridging device is thus decoupled from other active components in the circuit and can therefore be switched very securely.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for operating a circuit arrangement, the inrush current of the electrical machine being limited when starting up by means of the current limiting device and then the current limiting device being bridged by the bridging device, the bridging device by means of a high potential of a voltage source, in particular from the voltage source of the electrical machine.
  • the object is also achieved by a starting device for starting an internal combustion engine in that the starting device has a bridging device for bridging the current limiting device, the bridging device being switchable by means of a high potential of a voltage source.
  • a starting device can be used safely over a wide temperature operating range and thus ensures stable switching behavior due to a stable potential voltage.
  • the voltage in the previously proposed solutions differed during a starting process, or was so low that a safe switching of the bridging device could not be completely guaranteed.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 with an electrical machine 2.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 forms with the electrical machine 2 a starting device 17 for starting an internal combustion engine 15.
  • the electrical machine is a starter motor 2 for this.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 comprises a series resistor 3 as a current limiting device and a device 4 bridging the series resistor 3.
  • the bridging device 4 is a switching device which is preferably designed as a relay due to very high currents.
  • the circuit arrangement 1 comprises two relays, a first switching device 5 and a second switching device 7.
  • the first switching device 5 is controlled via a switch 6.
  • the switch 6 is, for example, an ignition key switch or an electronic switch which is connected to a start button or a switch which is activated and deactivated by a start-stop control.
  • the first switching device 5 closes a switching contact 51 in order to apply voltage to the electrical machine 2 and the second switching device 7.
  • the first relay 5 is thus energized and closed first and then the second relay 7 is energized and closed.
  • the first switching device 5 is preferably connected across the entire potential of a voltage source, that is to say a battery 10.
  • the first switching device 5 is therefore connected on the minus side to the ground potential E and on the positive pole side to the potential U.
  • the second switching device 7 preferably has a double function. It is a circuit switching device with a switching contact 71 and it is also a mechanical engagement device for engaging and disengaging a starter pinion 25 in a ring gear 18 of the internal combustion engine 15.
  • the second switching device 7 comprises a high-resistance pull-in winding 14 and a low-resistance holding winding 13.
  • the pull-in and the holding winding is connected between the maximum potential U of the battery 10 and the ground potential E.
  • the feed winding 14 is connected in series with the starter motor 2.
  • the starter motor 2 is thus slightly turned on in order to carry out an engagement process from the starter pinion 25 into the ring gear 18 with less wear.
  • the starter motor 2 When the switching contact 51 closes, the starter motor 2 is also energized via the series resistor 3 connected in series.
  • the starter motor 2 can thus be accelerated to a rotational speed if, for example, the starter motor 2 should be accelerated due to a start-stop operation, in order to mesh into a rotating, spinning ring gear of an internal combustion engine 15.
  • the second switching device 7 is optionally triggered by a control, not shown, which has been omitted for reasons of simplification.
  • the second switching device 7 as a bridging device 4 switches safely since the switching device is connected directly to the high, maximum potential U of the battery 10. This ensures a stable function of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
  • the Fig. 2 shows an alternative circuit arrangement not according to the invention, in which the first switching device 5 with a single function in contrast to Fig. 1 is designed as a bridging device 4 of the current limiting device 3.
  • the switching contact 51 thus bridges the series resistor 3 when it is closed.
  • the second switching device 7 is conventionally switched in that it rotates the starter motor 2 via the pull-in winding 14 and closes a circuit via the switch contact 71, so that the starter motor is subjected to a higher voltage, bypassing the pull-in winding 14.
  • the current limiting device 3 is thus additionally connected and the first switching device 5 is connected in series with the starter motor 2 and parallel to the pull-in winding 14.
  • the first and the second switching device 5, 7 are activated and deactivated together by means of the switch 6.
  • a delay device 30 can be connected upstream of the first switching device 5. It can be set by means of the delay device 30 that the starter motor 2 is sufficiently energized to prevent voltage dips when the starter motor 2 is acted upon by the maximum voltage, a potential U.
  • the task of the delay device can also be generated by a precisely defined inductance of the first switching device 5, which defines the switching time of the switching contact 51.
  • a delay device 30 can be provided.
  • the Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention.
  • the switch contact 51 of the first switching device 5 closes a circuit of the starter motor 2 with the series resistor 3 first.
  • the first switching device 5 is connected in series with the starter motor 2 and parallel to the pull-in winding 14 of the second switching device 7.
  • the second switching device 7 functions in a second function in addition to the Single-track function as a bridging device 4 and thus bridges the closed circuit of the series resistor 3 at the switching contact 71.
  • a delay device 30 is connected upstream of the second switching device 7.
  • a further control can be connected upstream to control the first switching device 5 in order to control or deactivate it, for example, on a cold start if a voltage drop is insignificant.
  • the Fig. 4 schematically shows the circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 not according to the invention.
  • the single-track winding 14 is, as in the circuit arrangements of FIG 1 to 3 , connected in series with starter motor 2.
  • the first switching device 5 is arranged as a bridging device 4 of the series resistor 3 and is connected in parallel with the starter motor in series with the pull-in winding 14 and the series resistor 3.
  • the switch contact 71 which is closed by the second switching device 7, is thus the main switch for the starter motor 2, as in FIG Fig. 2 .
  • a delayed switching time is set via the inductance of the first switching device 5.
  • the relay 7 is closed first and then the relay 5 is energized and thus closed.
  • the Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 not according to the invention.
  • the bridging device 4 as in FIG Fig. 4 , the first switching device 5 with the difference that the first switching device 5 is present directly at the potential U and thus across the full potential of the in Fig. 1 shown battery 10 is switchable. This ensures an even more stable and safe switching of the bridging device 4.
  • the series resistor 3 is connected in series with the pull-in winding 14 of the second switching device 7.
  • the switching contact 71 of the second Switching device 7 serves, as in the fourth circuit arrangement 1, as the main switch for the starter motor 2.
  • the Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the embodiment according to the invention Figure 2 .
  • the circuit arrangement 1 is different from the circuit arrangement of the Fig. 2 formed with a diode 9 as a current backflow prevention device of the first switching device 5. This prevents that when the starter motor 2 is switched off, because of the inductivities of the first and second switching devices 5, 7, these are not energized again, in particular the pull-in winding 14.
  • the switching contact 71 does not close again, which otherwise leads to malfunction of the starter motor 2 and thus would lead to increased wear or damage to the starter device.
  • the Fig. 7 shows an alternative circuit arrangement according to the invention Fig. 3 .
  • a delay device 30 is also provided here in order to delay the closing of a main switch of a main circuit of the starter motor.
  • the main switch here is the switching contact 51 of the first switching device 5, which as in the 1, 4 and 5 the maximum potential is applied.
  • the first switching device 5 is thus the bridging device 4, the second switching device 7 briefly rotates the starter motor 2 via the pull-in winding 14 and continues to energize the starter motor 2 via the series resistor 3 by closing the switching contact 71.
  • the Fig. 8 shows a circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention with a third switching device 19 which is connected in parallel to the starter motor 2 and in series with the pull-in winding 14 of the second switching device 7.
  • the second Switching device 7 closes the main circuit of the starter motor 2 with the switching contact 71.
  • the third switching device 19 closes a switching contact 20 which closes a circuit of the first switching device 5, so that the first switching device 5 is directly connected to the potential of the battery 10.
  • the first switching device 5 is thus positively controlled via the third switching device 19.
  • the first switching device 5 is arranged as a bridging device 4 for bridging the series resistor 3. With the switch 6, the circuit arrangement 1 is controlled as known.
  • the third switching device 19 is connected in parallel to the starter motor 2. All circuit arrangements according to the invention describe stable switching devices for bridging a current limiting device of the electrical machine. All figures only show schematic representations that are not to scale. For the rest, reference is made in particular to the drawings for the invention as essential.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schaltungsanordnung für eine elektrische Maschine, insbesondere für einen Startermotor zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine, in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung zum Begrenzen eines Einschaltstroms der elektrischen Maschine. Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer insbesondere vorher beschriebenen Schaltungsanordnung, für eine elektrische Maschine, insbesondere für einen Startermotor zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine von einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung zum Begrenzen eines Einschaltstroms der elektrischen Maschine. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf eine Startvorrichtung zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer, oben beschriebenen Schaltungsanordnung, mit einem Startermotor und mit einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung zum Begrenzen eines Einschaltstroms des Startermotors.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine, in a motor vehicle, with a current limiting device for limiting an inrush current of the electrical machine. The invention also relates to a method for operating a circuit arrangement described in particular above, for an electrical machine, in particular for a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine from a motor vehicle, with a current limiting device for limiting an inrush current of the electrical machine. The invention further relates to a starting device for starting an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, with a circuit arrangement described above, with a starter motor and with a current limiting device for limiting an inrush current of the starter motor.

Es sind Startvorrichtungen mit einem Startermotor zum Starten von einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt. Es ist bekannt zum Einspuren den Strom eines Startermotors beispielsweise durch eine Einzugswicklung eines Einspurrelais zu begrenzen, um ein leichtes Andrehen des Startermotors zu erzeugen und somit verschleißfreier ein Starterritzel des Startermotors in einen Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine einzuspuren.Starting devices with a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine are known. It is known to limit the current of a starter motor, for example by means of a pull-in winding of a starter relay, in order to generate a slight starting of the starter motor and thus to engage a starter pinion of the starter motor in a toothed ring of the internal combustion engine without wear.

Bei Start-Stopp-Systemen die zunehmend im Einsatz von Kraftfahrzeugen vorgesehen sind, wird ein hoher Spannungseinbruch im Bordnetz grundsätzlich durch den Einsatz der elektrischen Maschine zum Starten der Brennkraftmaschine verursacht. Dies ist bei einem Kaltstart eines Fahrzeugs unproblematisch. Bei einem Start-Stopp-Betrieb beeinträchtigt der Spannungseinbruch weitere bereits aktive elektrische Geräte, die entweder kurz ausgeschaltet werden oder zurückgesetzt werden, was von Fahrzeuginsassen als störend empfunden wird. Um den Spannungseinbruch zu minimieren, ist eine Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung für den Startermotor vorgesehen, über die der Startermotor angedreht wird und anschließend die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung überbrückt wird.In the case of start-stop systems which are increasingly being used in motor vehicles, a high voltage drop in the vehicle electrical system is fundamentally caused by the use of the electrical machine for starting the internal combustion engine caused. This is not a problem when a vehicle is cold started. In a start-stop operation, the voltage drop affects other already active electrical devices, which are either switched off briefly or reset, which is perceived as a nuisance by vehicle occupants. In order to minimize the voltage drop, a current limiting device is provided for the starter motor, via which the starter motor is turned on and then the current limiting device is bridged.

Die DE 10 2008 040 191 A1 beschreibt einen Starter für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Startmotor zum zweistufigen Einspuren eines Starterritzels in einen Zahnkranz der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei der Startermotor in einer ersten Stufe über einen Vorwiderstand mit einem reduzierten Motorstrom und in einer zweiten Stufe mit seinem vollen Hauptstrom gespeist wird. Der Vorwiderstand ist in eine zweistufige Schaltvorrichtung integriert. Die Schaltvorrichtung wirkt mit zwei unterschiedlichen Federkräften gegen Anschlusstücke.The DE 10 2008 040 191 A1 describes a starter for an internal combustion engine with a starter motor for two-stage engagement of a starter pinion in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine, the starter motor being fed in a first stage via a series resistor with a reduced motor current and in a second stage with its full main current. The series resistor is integrated in a two-stage switching device. The switching device acts with two different spring forces against connecting pieces.

Die WO 2008/009731 A1 beschreibt eine Spulenanordnung mit einem rohrförmigen Spulenträger eines als zweistufiges Einrückrelais ausgebildeten elektromagnetischen Antriebs. Die Spulenanordnung umfasst eine Halte- und eine Einzugswicklung mit einer speziellen Anordnung der Halte- und Einzugswicklung auf dem Spulenträger.The WO 2008/009731 A1 describes a coil arrangement with a tubular coil carrier of an electromagnetic drive designed as a two-stage engagement relay. The coil arrangement comprises a holding and a pull-in winding with a special arrangement of the holding and pull-in winding on the coil carrier.

Die EP 2 128 426 A2 beschreibt einen Starter mit einem Startermotor und einem daran angeordneten Einspurritzel, das Rotationskräfte auf einen Zahnkranz einer Brennkraftmaschine überträgt, mit einem ersten elektromagnetischen Schalter, der die Starterschaltung mit einem elektrischen Strom von der Batterie zum Startermotor bezüglich eines ersten Kontaktpunkts ein- und ausschaltet, mit einem Widerstand, der in Serie zum ersten Kontaktpunkt in Serie geschaltet ist und mit einem zweiten elektromagnetischen Schalter, der einen zweiten Kontaktpunkt öffnet, der parallel zum Widerstand geschaltet ist und einer Steuerung, die über eine einstellbare Zeitdauer den elektromagnetischen Schalter ansteuert, um die Kontaktpunkte zu öffnen und zu schließen.The EP 2 128 426 A2 describes a starter with a starter motor and a single-track pinion arranged thereon, which transmits rotational forces to a ring gear of an internal combustion engine, with a first electromagnetic switch, which switches the starter circuit on and off with an electrical current from the battery to the starter motor with respect to a first contact point Resistor connected in series with the first contact point and with a second electromagnetic switch that opens a second contact point that is connected in parallel with the resistor and a controller that controls the electromagnetic switch for an adjustable period of time to open the contact points and close.

Die DE 10 2009 047 635 A1 beschreibt eine Schaltungsanordnung für einen Starter mit einem Startermotor und einer Schaltvorrichtung mit einer Einzugs- und Haltewicklung, sowie mit einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung und einer Überbrückungsvorrichtung. Die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung ist in Reihe zur Einzugswicklung der Schaltvorrichtung geschaltet.The DE 10 2009 047 635 A1 describes a circuit arrangement for a starter with a starter motor and a switching device with a pull-in and holding winding, and with a current limiting device and Bridging device. The current limiting device is connected in series to the pull-in winding of the switching device.

Die GB 1 303 437 beschreibt eine Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit zwei Schaltvorrichtungen. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung mit einer in Reihe geschalteten Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung steuert die zweite Schaltvorrichtung mit der Wirkung einer Überbrückungsvorrichtung in Form einer Kaskade an.The GB 1 303 437 describes a starting device for an internal combustion engine with two switching devices. The first switching device with a current limiting device connected in series controls the second switching device with the effect of a bridging device in the form of a cascade.

Die EP 2 172 644 offenbart eine Startvorrichtung, bei der ein erstes Relais eine Spule zur Betätigung der Einspurvorrichtung schaltet und der Strom zum Motor alternativ über einen Transistor und ein zweites Relais geschaltet wird, wobei das Relais bei höherem Strom als der Transistor anspricht.The EP 2 172 644 discloses a starting device in which a first relay switches a coil for actuating the single-track device and the current to the motor is alternatively switched via a transistor and a second relay, the relay responding at a higher current than the transistor.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Schaltungsanordnung, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben und eine Startvorrichtung der Eingangs beschriebenen Art derart weiterzubilden, dass ein Spannungseinbruch bei einem Startvorgang einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels der elektrischen Maschine möglichst sicher vermieden wird.It is an object of the invention to further develop a circuit arrangement, a method for operating the same and a starting device of the type described in the introduction in such a way that a voltage drop when starting an internal combustion engine by means of the electrical machine is avoided as safely as possible.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch den Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche definieren bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.According to the invention the object is achieved by the subject matter of patent claim 1. The dependent claims define preferred developments of the invention.

Es ist ein Gedanke der Erfindung, die Schaltungsanordnung mit einer Zusatzbeschaltung aus aktiven und passiven Bauelementen derart zu ergänzen und anzuordnen, dass der Anlaufstrom der elektrischen Maschine und damit der Spannungseinbruch im Bordnetz besser vermieden wird. Ein Gedanke der Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Anlaufstrombegrenzung für eine elektrische Maschine vorzusehen, die sicher bei einem Start einer Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt wird und auch sicher überbrückt wird, um den Startermotor mit einer maximalen Spannung zu beaufschlagen. Damit die Überbrückungsvorrichtung sicher schaltet und unabhängig von anderen aktiven / oder passiven Bauelementen schaltet, ist bevorzugt die Überbrückungsvorrichtung an ein hohes Potential einer Spannungsquelle schaltbar. Es wird somit vermieden, dass an der Überbrückungsvorrichtung ein zu geringes Potential, beispielsweise im Bereich von 2-4 Volt, abfällt, das ein sicheres Schalten über einen großen Betriebsbereich beeinträchtigen würde. Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung sieht deshalb vor, dass die Überbrückungsvorrichtung somit direkt an der Spannungsquelle in einem Stromkreis anliegt und gegebenenfalls in Serie zur elektrischen Maschine schaltbar ist.It is an idea of the invention to supplement and arrange the circuit arrangement with an additional circuit comprising active and passive components in such a way that the starting current of the electrical machine and thus the voltage drop in the vehicle electrical system are better avoided. An idea of the invention is therefore to provide a starting current limitation for an electrical machine which is used safely when an internal combustion engine is started and is also safely bypassed in order to apply a maximum voltage to the starter motor. In order for the bridging device to switch safely and to switch independently of other active / or passive components, the bridging device can preferably be switched to a high potential of a voltage source. It is thus avoided that the Bridging device drops a too low potential, for example in the range of 2-4 volts, which would impair safe switching over a large operating range. The circuit arrangement according to the invention therefore provides that the bridging device is thus directly connected to the voltage source in a circuit and can optionally be connected in series with the electrical machine.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Schaltungsanordnung mit einer ersten Schaltvorrichtung mit einer Einzelfunktion und mit einer zweiten Schaltvorrichtung mit einer Doppelfunktion ausgebildet, wobei insbesondere die zweite Schaltvorrichtung als Stromkreisschaltvorrichtung und als mechanische Einspurvorrichtung ausgebildet ist. Die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung umfasst einen den Einschaltstrom der elektrischen Maschine strombegrenzenden Anlaufwiderstand oder Vorwiderstand. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass bei einer gegebenen Anzahl von aktiven Bauelementen als Schaltvorrichtungen, die bevorzugt als Relais ausgebildet sind, diese je nach geforderten Vorgaben und Anforderungen entsprechend mit Funktionen vorgesehen werden können. Dabei können die einzelnen Funktionen verschieden zugeteilt werden und verschieden ausgeführt werden, wie im Folgenden erläutert und beschrieben wird. Die erste und die zweite Schaltvorrichtung können zwangsweise oder aufgrund elektronischer Bauteile und aufgrund der Schaltungsanordnung nacheinander oder gleichzeitig bestromt werden. Dabei kann die Bestromungsreihenfolge der ersten und der zweiten Schaltungsvorrichtung entsprechend der Bezeichung oder umgekehrt unabhängig von der Ausführungsform vorgesehen sein.According to a preferred embodiment, the circuit arrangement is designed with a first switching device with a single function and with a second switching device with a double function, the second switching device in particular being designed as a circuit switching device and as a mechanical single-track device. The current limiting device comprises a starting resistor or series resistor that limits the inrush current of the electrical machine. This has the advantage that with a given number of active components as switching devices, which are preferably designed as relays, these can be provided with functions depending on the required specifications and requirements. The individual functions can be assigned differently and executed differently, as will be explained and described below. The first and the second switching device can be energized one after the other or at the same time either forcibly or on the basis of electronic components and on the basis of the circuit arrangement. The order in which the current is supplied to the first and second circuit devices can be provided in accordance with the designation or vice versa regardless of the embodiment.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die zweite Schaltvorrichtung als Überbrückungsvorrichtung ausgebildet. Dies hat den Vorteil für eine Anwendung, wenn beispielsweise der Startermotor erst einmal beschleunigt werden soll, um in einen auslaufenden Zahnkranz einer drehenden Brennkraftmaschine einzuspuren und danach mittels der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung eingespurt wird und der Startermotor anschließend zum Starten mit einem maximalen Strom und Spannung beaufschlagt wird, um die Brennkraftmaschine wieder zu starten.According to the invention, the second switching device is designed as a bridging device. This has the advantage for an application if, for example, the starter motor is first to be accelerated in order to mesh into an outgoing sprocket of a rotating internal combustion engine and is then engaged by means of the second switching device and the starter motor is then subjected to a maximum current and voltage for starting, to start the engine again.

Damit die Überbrückungsvorrichtung noch sicherer über einen weiten Betriebsbereich, das heißt bei niedrigen und auch bei hohen Betriebstemperaturen, einwandfrei arbeitet, ist bevorzugt die Überbrückungsvorrichtung mit einer Spannung schaltbar, die insbesondere über der elektrischen Maschine abfällt. Somit ist die Überbrückungsvorrichtung nicht mehr ein Spannungsteiler in einem Niedervoltbereich, wie bisher bekannt. Die Überbrückungsvorrichtung ist schaltbar mittels eines gesamten Potential der Spannungsquelle.In order for the bridging device to work even more reliably over a wide operating range, that is to say at low and also at high operating temperatures, the bridging device can preferably be switched with a voltage which drops in particular across the electrical machine. Thus, the bridging device no longer a voltage divider in a low-voltage range, as previously known. The bridging device can be switched by means of a total potential of the voltage source.

Gemäß einer die Erfindung weiterbildenden Ausführungsform ist die zweite Schaltvorrichtung zum Schließen eines Stromkreises mit der Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung für den Anlaufstrom angeordnet, wobei verfahrensmäßig zuerst eingespurt wird. Somit wird der Startermotor zuerst über die zweite Schaltvorrichtung bestromt, anschließend wird der Startermotor mit einer höheren Spannung beaufschlagt über eine Spannung von der Stromquelle, bei der ein Vorwiderstand der Überbrückungsvorrichtung dazwischen geschaltet ist. In einem dritten Schritt wird der Vorwiderstand durch Schalter der ersten Schaltvorrichtung überbrückt und der Startermotor mit dem vollen Potential der Startvorrichtung beaufschlagt.According to an embodiment of the invention, the second switching device for closing a circuit with the current limiting device for the starting current is arranged, with the process being engaged first. Thus, the starter motor is first energized via the second switching device, then a higher voltage is applied to the starter motor via a voltage from the current source, at which a series resistor of the bridging device is connected in between. In a third step, the series resistor is bridged by switches of the first switching device and the starter motor is acted upon with the full potential of the starting device.

Um die zeitliche Verzögerung zur Überwindung eines Spannungseinbruchs möglichst kurz zu halten und genau einzustellen, ist gemäß einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform die Schaltungsanordnung mit einer Verzögerungsvorrichtung, insbesondere mit einer Schaltvorrichtung, vorzugsweise einem anwendungsspezifischen Chip ausgebildet, besonders bevorzugt ist eine mikrocomputergesteuerte Verzögerungsvorrichtung im Stromkreis der Schaltungsanordnung vorgesehen.In order to keep the time delay for overcoming a voltage drop as short as possible and to set it precisely, according to a further preferred embodiment, the circuit arrangement is designed with a delay device, in particular with a switching device, preferably an application-specific chip, and a microcomputer-controlled delay device is particularly preferably provided in the circuit of the circuit arrangement .

Um den funktionellen Ablauf möglichst sicher zu gestalten, ist die erste Schaltvorrichtung von der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung zwangsgesteuert oder insbesondere umgekehrt geschaltet, besonders bevorzugt sind die erste und die zweite Schaltvorrichtung mittels eines Ein- und Ausschalters ansteuerbar. Der Ein- und Ausschalter ist beispielsweise ein elektronischer Schalter, der mit einem Schlüsselschalter oder einem Startknopf verbunden ist und solange geschlossen ist, wie der Startvorgang ausgeführt werden soll. Der Ein- und Ausschalter kann von einer Start-Stopp-Steuerung angesteuert werden. Das Schalten als Zwangssteuerung hat den Vorteil, dass in einem großen Betriebsbereich die Schaltungsanordnung ausfallsicher arbeitet.In order to make the functional sequence as safe as possible, the first switching device is positively controlled by the second switching device or, in particular, reversed, particularly preferably the first and the second switching device can be controlled by means of an on and off switch. The on and off switch is, for example, an electronic switch which is connected to a key switch or a start button and is closed as long as the starting process is to be carried out. The on / off switch can be controlled by a start-stop control. Switching as positive control has the advantage that the circuit arrangement works fail-safe in a large operating range.

Gemäß einer die Erfindung weiterbildenden Ausführung ist mit der Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung, das heißt einem Vorwiderstand der Einfluss auf ein induktives Verhalten der Überbrückungsvorrichtung, insbesondere der ersten Schaltvorrichtung einstellbar.According to one embodiment of the invention, the current limiting device, ie a series resistor, can be used to adjust the influence on an inductive behavior of the bridging device, in particular the first switching device.

Über den Vorwiderstand lässt sich somit die Einschaltdauer der Überbrückungsvorrichtung einstellen.The duty cycle of the bridging device can thus be set via the series resistor.

Um die Schaltungsanordnung möglichst unabhängig vom Startermotor auszubilden und somit ein Baukastensystem zur Verfügung zu stellen, sind die erste Schaltvorrichtung und/oder die zweite Schaltvorrichtung und/oder die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung zum Startermotor als separat anordenbare bauliche Einheit ausgebildet. Somit lassen sich die Schaltvorrichtungen und die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung individuell für jeden geforderten Anwendungsfall, beispielsweise als Baukastensystem, zusammenstellen und verschalten.In order to make the circuit arrangement as independent of the starter motor as possible and thus to provide a modular system, the first switching device and / or the second switching device and / or the current limiting device for the starter motor are designed as a separately arranged structural unit. The switching devices and the current limiting device can thus be put together and connected individually for each required application, for example as a modular system.

Um die Funktionssicherheit zu erhöhen, ist bevorzugt eine Stromrückflussverhinderungsvorrichtung, insbesondere eine Diode, im Stromkreis der Überbrückungsvorrichtung geschaltet. Somit wird verhindert, dass aufgrund von Induktion beim Ausschalten der elektrischen Maschine, die erste und/oder zweite Schaltvorrichtung wieder aktiviert wird und die elektrische Maschine bestromt wird.In order to increase the functional reliability, a current backflow prevention device, in particular a diode, is preferably connected in the circuit of the bridging device. This prevents the first and / or second switching device from being activated again due to induction when the electrical machine is switched off and from energizing the electrical machine.

Um die Einschaltverzögerungen genau zu definieren und somit einen möglichst verschleißfreien Betrieb zu gewährleisten, sind bevorzugt Einschaltverzögerungen der Schaltvorrichtungen durch eine geeignete Auswahl von Induktivitäten und einer Ohmigkeit der Schaltvorrichtungen, die insbesondere als Schaltrelais ausgebildet sind, einstellbar.In order to precisely define the switch-on delays and thus to ensure operation that is as wear-free as possible, switch-on delays of the switching devices can preferably be set by a suitable selection of inductances and an ohmic value of the switching devices, which are designed in particular as switching relays.

Um die Überbrückungsvorrichtung möglichst sicher mit einem möglichst hohen Potential zu schalten, ist bevorzugt die Überbrückungsvorrichtung direkt an Masse schaltbar, insbesondere in Reihe zu einer Einzugswicklung der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung. Alternativ ist besonders bevorzugt die Überbrückungsvorrichtung über eine dritte Schaltvorrichtung mit Einzelfunktion zwangsgesteuert als erste Schaltvorrichtung mit Einzelfunktion geschaltet. Die Überbrückungsvorrichtung ist somit im Stromkreis von übrigen aktiven Bauelementen entkoppelt und somit sehr sicher schaltbar.In order to switch the bridging device as safely as possible with the highest possible potential, the bridging device can preferably be connected directly to ground, in particular in series with a pull-in winding of the second switching device. Alternatively, the bridging device is particularly preferably connected in a positively controlled manner via a third switching device with individual function as the first switching device with individual function. The bridging device is thus decoupled from other active components in the circuit and can therefore be switched very securely.

Die Aufgabe wird auch durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Schaltungsanordnung gelöst, wobei der Einschaltstrom der elektrischen Maschine beim Anlaufen mittels der Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung begrenzt und anschließend die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung mit der Überbrückungsvorrichtung überbrückt wird, wobei die Überbrückungsvorrichtung mittels eines hohen Potentials einer Spannungsquelle, insbesondere von der Spannungsquelle der elektrischen Maschine direkt beaufschlagt wird.The object is also achieved by a method for operating a circuit arrangement, the inrush current of the electrical machine being limited when starting up by means of the current limiting device and then the current limiting device being bridged by the bridging device, the bridging device by means of a high potential of a voltage source, in particular from the voltage source of the electrical machine.

Dies hat wie oben bereits erläutert den Vorteil, dass die Überbrückungsvorrichtung sicher über einen weiten Betriebsbereich arbeitet und nicht verschiedene bzw. zu niedrige Spannungen an der Überbrückungsvorrichtung auftreten, die ein sicheres Schalten gefährden würden. Es treten somit höhere Spannungen im Bereich von 9-12 Volt an der Überbrückungsvorrichtung im Gegensatz zu bekannten Schaltungsanordnungen mit Überbrückungsvorrichtungen auf.As already explained above, this has the advantage that the bridging device operates safely over a wide operating range and that different or too low voltages occur on the bridging device that would endanger safe switching. There are therefore higher voltages in the range of 9-12 volts at the bridging device in contrast to known circuit arrangements with bridging devices.

Die Aufgabe wird auch durch eine Startvorrichtung zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine dadurch gelöst, dass die Startvorrichtung eine Überbrückungsvorrichtung zum Überbrücken der Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung aufweist, wobei die Überbrückungsvorrichtung mittels eines hohen Potentials einer Spannungsquelle schaltbar ist. Eine solche Startvorrichtung ist sicher über einen weiten Temperaturbetriebsbereich einsetzbar und sichert somit aufgrund einer stabilen Potentialspannung ein stabiles Schaltverhalten. Die Spannung differierte in den bisher vorgeschlagenen Lösungen während eines Startprozesses, beziehungsweise war so weit abgesenkt, dass ein sicheres Schalten der Überbrückungsvorrichtung nicht vollständig gewährleistet werden konnte.The object is also achieved by a starting device for starting an internal combustion engine in that the starting device has a bridging device for bridging the current limiting device, the bridging device being switchable by means of a high potential of a voltage source. Such a starting device can be used safely over a wide temperature operating range and thus ensures stable switching behavior due to a stable potential voltage. The voltage in the previously proposed solutions differed during a starting process, or was so low that a safe switching of the bridging device could not be completely guaranteed.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehen genannten und nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen verwendbar sind.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and still to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer Schaltungsanordnung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer Schaltungsanordnung gemäß einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform,
Fig. 3
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer weiteren Schaltungsanordnung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
Fig. 4
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung,
Fig. 5
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung,
Fig. 6
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung,
Fig. 7
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung und
Fig. 8
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to an embodiment not according to the invention,
Fig. 3
1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a further circuit arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 4
2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement not according to the invention,
Fig. 5
2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement not according to the invention,
Fig. 6
2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement not according to the invention,
Fig. 7
a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement not according to the invention and
Fig. 8
a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement not according to the invention.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen schematischen Schaltplan einer Schaltungsanordnung 1 mit einer elektrischen Maschine 2. Die Schaltungsanordnung 1 bildet mit der elektrischen Maschine 2 eine Startvorrichtung 17 zum Starten einer Brennkraftmaschine 15. Die elektrische Maschine ist hierfür ein Startermotor 2.The Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 with an electrical machine 2. The circuit arrangement 1 forms with the electrical machine 2 a starting device 17 for starting an internal combustion engine 15. The electrical machine is a starter motor 2 for this.

Die Schaltungsanordnung 1 umfasst einen Vorwiderstand 3 als Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung und eine den Vorwiderstand 3 überbrückende Vorrichtung 4. Die Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 ist eine Schaltvorrichtung, die vorzugsweise aufgrund von sehr hohen Strömen, bevorzugt als Relais ausgebildet ist.The circuit arrangement 1 comprises a series resistor 3 as a current limiting device and a device 4 bridging the series resistor 3. The bridging device 4 is a switching device which is preferably designed as a relay due to very high currents.

Die Schaltungsanordnung 1 umfasst zwei Relais, eine erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 und eine zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 wird über einen Schalter 6 angesteuert. Der Schalter 6 ist beispielsweise ein Zündschlüsselschalter oder ein elektronischer Schalter, der mit einem Startknopf verbunden ist oder ein Schalter, der von einer Start-Stopp-Steuerung aktiviert und deaktiviert wird. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 schließt einen Schaltkontakt 51, um die elektrische Maschine 2 und die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 mit Spannung zu beaufschlagen. Das erste Relais 5 wird also zuerst bestromt und geschlossen und anschließend wird das zweite Relais 7 bestromt und geschlossen.The circuit arrangement 1 comprises two relays, a first switching device 5 and a second switching device 7. The first switching device 5 is controlled via a switch 6. The switch 6 is, for example, an ignition key switch or an electronic switch which is connected to a start button or a switch which is activated and deactivated by a start-stop control. The first switching device 5 closes a switching contact 51 in order to apply voltage to the electrical machine 2 and the second switching device 7. The first relay 5 is thus energized and closed first and then the second relay 7 is energized and closed.

Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 ist bevorzugt über das gesamte Potential einer Spannungsquelle, das heißt einer Batterie 10, geschaltet. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 hängt also minusseitig am Massepotential E und pluspolseitig am Potential U.The first switching device 5 is preferably connected across the entire potential of a voltage source, that is to say a battery 10. The first switching device 5 is therefore connected on the minus side to the ground potential E and on the positive pole side to the potential U.

Die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 besitzt bevorzugt eine Doppelfunktion. Sie ist einmal eine Stromkreisschaltvorrichtung mit einem Schaltkontakt 71 und ferner ist sie eine mechanische Einspurvorrichtung, um ein Starterritzel 25 in einen Zahnkranz 18 der Brennkraftmaschine 15 ein- und auszuspuren. Die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 umfasst hochohmige Einzugswicklung 14 und eine niederohmige Haltewicklung 13. Die Einzugs- und die Haltewicklung ist zwischen dem maximalen Potential U der Batterie 10 und dem Massepotential E geschaltet. Die Einzugswicklung 14 ist in Reihe zum Startermotor 2 geschaltet. Somit wird der Startermotor 2 leicht angedreht, um einen Einspurvorgang vom Starterritzel 25 in den Zahnkranz 18 verschleißfreier auszuführen.The second switching device 7 preferably has a double function. It is a circuit switching device with a switching contact 71 and it is also a mechanical engagement device for engaging and disengaging a starter pinion 25 in a ring gear 18 of the internal combustion engine 15. The second switching device 7 comprises a high-resistance pull-in winding 14 and a low-resistance holding winding 13. The pull-in and the holding winding is connected between the maximum potential U of the battery 10 and the ground potential E. The feed winding 14 is connected in series with the starter motor 2. The starter motor 2 is thus slightly turned on in order to carry out an engagement process from the starter pinion 25 into the ring gear 18 with less wear.

Beim Schließen des Schaltkontakts 51 wird der Startermotor 2 auch über den in Reihe geschalteten Vorwiderstand 3 bestromt. Somit ist der Startermotor 2 auf eine Drehzahl beschleunigbar, wenn beispielsweise aufgrund eines Start-Stopp-Betriebs der Startermotor 2 beschleunigt werden sollte, um in einen sich drehenden auslaufenden Zahnkranz einer Brennkraftmaschine 15 einzuspuren. Hierfür wird optional die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 von einer nicht dargestellten Steuerung zeitgenau angesteuert, die aus Gründen der Vereinfachung weggelassen worden ist.When the switching contact 51 closes, the starter motor 2 is also energized via the series resistor 3 connected in series. The starter motor 2 can thus be accelerated to a rotational speed if, for example, the starter motor 2 should be accelerated due to a start-stop operation, in order to mesh into a rotating, spinning ring gear of an internal combustion engine 15. For this purpose, the second switching device 7 is optionally triggered by a control, not shown, which has been omitted for reasons of simplification.

Sobald die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 das Starterritzel 25 eingespurt hat, wird ein zweiter Schaltkontakt 71 geschlossen, der somit den Vorwiderstand 3 überbrückt. Der Startermotor 2, der mit einer geringeren Spannung anfangs beaufschlagt worden ist, wird nun mit einem maximalen Potential U der Batterie 10 beaufschlagt. Der Spannungseinbruch ist in diesem Fall minimiert oder aufgehoben, da der Startermotor bereits angelaufen ist und eine entsprechende Drehzahl erreicht hat.As soon as the second switching device 7 has engaged the starter pinion 25, a second switching contact 71 is closed, which thus bridges the series resistor 3. The starter motor 2, which was initially supplied with a lower voltage, is now supplied with a maximum potential U of the battery 10. The voltage drop is minimized or eliminated in this case, since the starter motor has already started and has reached a corresponding speed.

Die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 als Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 schaltet sicher, da die Schaltvorrichtung direkt am hohen, maximalen Potential U der Batterie 10 geschaltet ist. Somit ist eine stabile Funktion der erfingungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung gewährleistet.The second switching device 7 as a bridging device 4 switches safely since the switching device is connected directly to the high, maximum potential U of the battery 10. This ensures a stable function of the circuit arrangement according to the invention.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine alternative nicht erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung, bei der die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 mit einer Einzelfunktion im Gegensatz zur Fig. 1 als Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 der Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung 3 ausgebildet ist. Der Schaltkontakt 51 überbrückt somit den Vorwiderstand 3, wenn dieser geschlossen wird. Die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 ist herkömmlich geschaltet, indem sie über die Einzugswicklung 14 den Startermotor 2 andreht und über den Schaltkontakt 71 einen Stromkreis schließt, sodass der Startermotor mit einer höheren Spannung, unter Umgehung der Einzugswicklung 14, beaufschlagt wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist somit zusätzlich die Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung 3 geschaltet und in Reihe zum Startermotor 2 und parallel zur Einzugswicklung 14 ist die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 geschaltet. Die erste und die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 5, 7 werden gemeinsam mittels des Schalters 6 aktiviert und deaktiviert. Optional, wenn aufgrund der Induktivität der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 diese zu schnell schaltet, kann eine Verzögerungsvorrichtung 30 der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 vorgeschaltet sein. Mittels der Verzögerungsvorrichtung 30 ist einstellbar, dass der Startermotor 2 ausreichend bestromt wird, um Spannungseinbrüche zu verhindern, wenn der Startermotor 2 mit der maximalen Spannung, einem Potential U, beaufschlagt wird.The Fig. 2 shows an alternative circuit arrangement not according to the invention, in which the first switching device 5 with a single function in contrast to Fig. 1 is designed as a bridging device 4 of the current limiting device 3. The switching contact 51 thus bridges the series resistor 3 when it is closed. The second switching device 7 is conventionally switched in that it rotates the starter motor 2 via the pull-in winding 14 and closes a circuit via the switch contact 71, so that the starter motor is subjected to a higher voltage, bypassing the pull-in winding 14. According to the invention, the current limiting device 3 is thus additionally connected and the first switching device 5 is connected in series with the starter motor 2 and parallel to the pull-in winding 14. The first and the second switching device 5, 7 are activated and deactivated together by means of the switch 6. Optionally, if the inductance of the first switching device 5 switches too quickly, a delay device 30 can be connected upstream of the first switching device 5. It can be set by means of the delay device 30 that the starter motor 2 is sufficiently energized to prevent voltage dips when the starter motor 2 is acted upon by the maximum voltage, a potential U.

Die Aufgabe der Verzögerungseinrichtung kann auch durch eine genau festgelegte Induktivität der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 erzeugt werden, die die Schaltzeit des Schaltkontakts 51 festlegt. Um jedoch beispielsweise ein temperaturabhängiges Verhalten der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 zu kompensieren, kann eine Verzögerungsvorrichtung 30 vorgesehen sein.The task of the delay device can also be generated by a precisely defined inductance of the first switching device 5, which defines the switching time of the switching contact 51. However, in order to compensate for a temperature-dependent behavior of the first switching device 5, for example, a delay device 30 can be provided.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine alternative, erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform der Schaltungsanordnung 1. Bei dieser Schaltungsanordnung 1 schließt der Schaltkontakt 51 der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 einen Stromkreis des Startermotors 2 mit dem Vorwiderstand 3 zuerst. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 ist in Serie zum Startermotor 2 vorgeschaltet und parallel zur Einzugswicklung 14 der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 7. Die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 fungiert in zweiter Funktion neben der Einspurfunktion als Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 und überbrückt somit den geschlossenen Stromkreis des Vorwiderstandes 3 am Schaltkontakt 71.The Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention. In this circuit arrangement 1, the switch contact 51 of the first switching device 5 closes a circuit of the starter motor 2 with the series resistor 3 first. The first switching device 5 is connected in series with the starter motor 2 and parallel to the pull-in winding 14 of the second switching device 7. The second switching device 7 functions in a second function in addition to the Single-track function as a bridging device 4 and thus bridges the closed circuit of the series resistor 3 at the switching contact 71.

Um die Überbrückung des Vorwiderstandes 3 genau einzustellen und somit den Spannungseinbruch genau zu minimieren, ist eine Verzögerungsvorrichtung 30 der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 7 vorgeschaltet. Mit dieser Schaltungsanordnung lässt sich, wie bei einer Schaltungsanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 der Startermotor 2 beispielsweise zum Einspuren in einen sich drehenden, auslaufenden Zahnkranz 18 einer Brennkraftmaschine 15 auf eine Drehzahl beschleunigen und mittels einer entsprechenden Steuerung zur gewünschten bzw. zur errechneten Zeit das Starterritzel 25 durch Ansteuerung der Schaltvorrichtung 7 einspuren.In order to precisely set the bridging of the series resistor 3 and thus to minimize the voltage drop exactly, a delay device 30 is connected upstream of the second switching device 7. With this circuit arrangement, as in the case of a circuit arrangement according to Fig. 1 Accelerate the starter motor 2 to a speed, for example, for engagement in a rotating, outgoing sprocket 18 of an internal combustion engine 15, and engage the starter pinion 25 at the desired or calculated time by actuating the switching device 7.

Optional kann zur Ansteuerung der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 eine weitere Steuerung vorgeschaltet sein, um diese beispielsweise bei einem Kaltstart anzusteuern bzw. deaktivieren, wenn ein Spannungseinbruch unerheblich ist.Optionally, a further control can be connected upstream to control the first switching device 5 in order to control or deactivate it, for example, on a cold start if a voltage drop is insignificant.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch den Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung 1. Die Einspurwicklung 14 ist, wie in den Schaltungsanordnungen der Fig. 1 bis 3, in Reihe zum Startermotor 2 geschaltet. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 ist in dieser Ausführungsform als Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 des Vorwiderstandes 3 angeordnet und parallel zum Startermotor in Reihe zur Einzugswicklung 14 und dem Vorwiderstand 3 geschaltet. Der Schaltkontakt 71, der von der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 7 geschlossen wird, ist somit der Hauptschalter für den Startermotor 2, wie in der Fig. 2. Eine verzögerte Schaltzeit wird über die Induktivität der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 eingestellt. Das Relais 7 wird zuerst geschlossen und anschließend wird das Relais 5 bestromt und somit geschlossen.The Fig. 4 schematically shows the circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 not according to the invention. The single-track winding 14 is, as in the circuit arrangements of FIG 1 to 3 , connected in series with starter motor 2. In this embodiment, the first switching device 5 is arranged as a bridging device 4 of the series resistor 3 and is connected in parallel with the starter motor in series with the pull-in winding 14 and the series resistor 3. The switch contact 71, which is closed by the second switching device 7, is thus the main switch for the starter motor 2, as in FIG Fig. 2 . A delayed switching time is set via the inductance of the first switching device 5. The relay 7 is closed first and then the relay 5 is energized and thus closed.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt einen schematischen Schaltplan einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung 1. Bei dieser Schaltungsanordnung ist die Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4, wie in der Fig. 4, die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 mit dem Unterschied, dass die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 direkt am Potential U anliegt und somit über das vollständige Potential der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Batterie 10 schaltbar ist. Somit wird eine noch stabilere und sichere Schaltung der Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 gewährleistet. Der Vorwiderstand 3 ist in Reihe zur Einzugswicklung 14 der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 7 geschaltet. Der Schaltkontakt 71 der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 7 dient, wie in der vierten Schaltungsanordnung 1 als Hauptschalter für den Startermotor 2. Er bestromt somit beim Schließen des Schaltkontakts 71 gleichzeitig den Startermotor 2 über den vorgeschalteten Vorwiderstand 3 und die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5. Zeitlich verzögert überbrückt die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 als Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 den Vorwiderstand 3. Somit wird ein Spannungseinbruch wie gewünscht, insbesondere für einen Start-Stopp-Betrieb, vermieden. Der Ablauf der Schaltzustände ist abhängig vom Schließen des Schalters 6 zwangsgesteuert. Das Relais 7, die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7, wird also zuerst bestromt und schließt den Schaltkontakt 71 und dann wird das Relais 5 bestromt, die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5, die dann den Schaltkontakt 51 schließt.The Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement 1 not according to the invention. In this circuit arrangement, the bridging device 4, as in FIG Fig. 4 , the first switching device 5 with the difference that the first switching device 5 is present directly at the potential U and thus across the full potential of the in Fig. 1 shown battery 10 is switchable. This ensures an even more stable and safe switching of the bridging device 4. The series resistor 3 is connected in series with the pull-in winding 14 of the second switching device 7. The switching contact 71 of the second Switching device 7 serves, as in the fourth circuit arrangement 1, as the main switch for the starter motor 2. It thus energizes the starter motor 2 simultaneously via the series resistor 3 and the first switching device 5 when the switching contact 71 is closed, with a time delay bridging the first switching device 5 as a bridging device 4 the series resistor 3. A voltage drop as desired, in particular for a start-stop operation, is avoided. The sequence of the switching states is positively controlled depending on the closing of the switch 6. The relay 7, the second switching device 7, is therefore energized first and closes the switching contact 71 and then the relay 5 is energized, the first switching device 5, which then closes the switching contact 51.

Die Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Ausbildung der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 2. Der Schaltungsanordnung 1 ist im Unterschied zur Schaltungsanordnung der Fig. 2 mit einer Diode 9 als Stromrückflussverhinderungsvorrichtung der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 ausgebildet. Somit wird verhindert, dass beim Ausschalten des Startermotors 2 aufgrund von den Induktivitäten der ersten und zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 5, 7 diese nicht wieder bestromt werden, hier insbesondere die Einzugswicklung 14. Der Schaltkontakt 71 schließt nicht wieder, was anderenfalls zu Fehlfunktionen des Startermotors 2 und somit zu einem erhöhten Verschleiß oder einre Beschädigung der Startervorrichtung führen würde.The Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the embodiment according to the invention Figure 2 . The circuit arrangement 1 is different from the circuit arrangement of the Fig. 2 formed with a diode 9 as a current backflow prevention device of the first switching device 5. This prevents that when the starter motor 2 is switched off, because of the inductivities of the first and second switching devices 5, 7, these are not energized again, in particular the pull-in winding 14. The switching contact 71 does not close again, which otherwise leads to malfunction of the starter motor 2 and thus would lead to increased wear or damage to the starter device.

Die Fig. 7 zeigt eine alternative nicht erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung entsprechend der Fig. 3. Hier ist auch eine Verzögerungsvorrichtung 30 vorgesehen, um einen Hauptschalter eines Hauptstromkreises des Startermotors verzögert zu schließen. Der Hauptschalter ist hier der Schaltkontakt 51 der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5, die wie in der Fig. 1, 4 und 5 über das maximale Potential beaufschlagt wird. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 ist somit die Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4, die zweite Schaltungsvorrichtung 7 dreht den Startermotor 2 über die Einzugswicklung 14 kurz an und bestromt den Startermotor 2 weiter über den Vorwiderstand 3 durch Schließen des Schaltkontakts 71.The Fig. 7 shows an alternative circuit arrangement according to the invention Fig. 3 . A delay device 30 is also provided here in order to delay the closing of a main switch of a main circuit of the starter motor. The main switch here is the switching contact 51 of the first switching device 5, which as in the 1, 4 and 5 the maximum potential is applied. The first switching device 5 is thus the bridging device 4, the second switching device 7 briefly rotates the starter motor 2 via the pull-in winding 14 and continues to energize the starter motor 2 via the series resistor 3 by closing the switching contact 71.

Die Fig. 8 zeigt eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung 1 mit einer dritten Schaltvorrichtung 19, die parallel zum Startermotor 2 und in Serie zur Einzugswicklung 14 der zweiten Schaltvorrichtung 7 geschaltet ist. Die zweite Schaltvorrichtung 7 schließt mit dem Schaltkontakt 71 den Hauptstromkreis des Startermotors 2. Die dritte Schaltvorrichtung 19 schließt einen Schaltkontakt 20, der einen Stromkreis der ersten Schaltvorrichtung 5 schließt, sodass die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 direkt am Potential der Batterie 10 hängt. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 ist somit zwangsgesteuert über die dritte Schaltvorrichtung 19. Die erste Schaltvorrichtung 5 ist als Überbrückungsvorrichtung 4 zur Überbrückung des Vorwiderstandes 3 angeordnet. Mit dem Schalter 6 wird die Schaltungsanordnung 1 wie bekannt gesteuert. Die dritte Schaltvorrichtung 19 ist parallel zum Startermotor 2 geschaltet. Alle erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnungen beschreiben stabil schaltende Schaltvorrichtungen zur Überbrückung einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung der elektrischen Maschine. Alle Figuren zeigen lediglich schematische nicht maßstabsgerechte Darstellungen. Im Übrigen wird insbesondere auf die zeichnerische Darstellungen für die Erfindung als wesentlich verwiesen. The Fig. 8 shows a circuit arrangement 1 according to the invention with a third switching device 19 which is connected in parallel to the starter motor 2 and in series with the pull-in winding 14 of the second switching device 7. The second Switching device 7 closes the main circuit of the starter motor 2 with the switching contact 71. The third switching device 19 closes a switching contact 20 which closes a circuit of the first switching device 5, so that the first switching device 5 is directly connected to the potential of the battery 10. The first switching device 5 is thus positively controlled via the third switching device 19. The first switching device 5 is arranged as a bridging device 4 for bridging the series resistor 3. With the switch 6, the circuit arrangement 1 is controlled as known. The third switching device 19 is connected in parallel to the starter motor 2. All circuit arrangements according to the invention describe stable switching devices for bridging a current limiting device of the electrical machine. All figures only show schematic representations that are not to scale. For the rest, reference is made in particular to the drawings for the invention as essential.

Claims (8)

  1. Circuit arrangement (1) for an electrical machine (2), in particular for a starter motor (2) for starting an internal combustion engine (15), in a motor vehicle, with a current limiting device (3) for limiting an initial current of the electrical machine (2),
    with a first switching device (5) with a single function, characterized in that the single function comprises a switching contact (51) for closing a circuit of the electrical machine (2) with the current limiting device (3),
    with a second switching device (7) with dual function, wherein the dual function comprises a circuit switching device and a mechanical single-track device
    with a bridging device (4) for bridging the current limiting device (3), which is formed as the circuit switching device of the second switching device (7), wherein the bridging device (4) is switchable directly to a high potential of a voltage source (10).
  2. Circuit arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a delay device, in particular with a switching logic, preferably an application-specific chip, is formed, in particular preferably a microcomputer-controlled delay device, is formed in the circuit of the circuit arrangement.
  3. Circuit arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the second switching device (7) is forced-controlled by the first switching device (5).
  4. Circuit arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first switching device (5) and the second switching device (7) are controllable by means of an on/off switch.
  5. Circuit arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the influence on an inductive behaviour of the bridging device, in particular of the first switching device (5), is adjustable by means of the current limiting device.
  6. Circuit arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first switching device (5) and/or second switching device (7) and/or current limiting device (3) are designed as a separately arrangeable structural unit to the starter motor (2).
  7. Circuit arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that switch-on delays are adjustable by selecting inductances and the ohmicity of the switching devices (5, 7, 19), which are in particular designed as switching relays.
  8. Starter device (17) for starting an internal combustion engine (15) in a motor vehicle, comprising a circuit arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a starter motor (2).
EP11782438.3A 2010-12-07 2011-11-16 Circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, method for operating a circuit arrangement, starter device Not-in-force EP2649720B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010062535A DE102010062535A1 (en) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, method of a circuit arrangement, starting device
PCT/EP2011/070198 WO2012076302A2 (en) 2010-12-07 2011-11-16 Circuit arrangement for an electrical machine, method for operating a circuit arrangement, starter device

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EP2649720A2 EP2649720A2 (en) 2013-10-16
EP2649720B1 true EP2649720B1 (en) 2020-03-18

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CN (1) CN103229410B (en)
DE (1) DE102010062535A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2012076302A2 (en)

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DE102012220408A1 (en) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starter for an internal combustion engine
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CN104008908A (en) * 2014-06-16 2014-08-27 国家电网公司 Burnout-preventing starting circuit
CN104533685B (en) * 2014-11-27 2017-05-10 联合汽车电子有限公司 Engine starting control system used for flexible fuel vehicle
CN105649846B (en) * 2016-03-11 2017-06-23 湖北显风电子有限公司 For the electronic current-limiting relay of start and stop starter
DE102021210296A1 (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-16 Vitesco Technologies Germany Gmbh Method for monitoring the integrity of a control unit

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DE102010062535A1 (en) 2012-06-14
CN103229410A (en) 2013-07-31
WO2012076302A2 (en) 2012-06-14
WO2012076302A3 (en) 2012-12-27
EP2649720A2 (en) 2013-10-16
HUE051104T2 (en) 2021-03-01
CN103229410B (en) 2016-08-10

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