EP2645044B1 - Cocking device, weapon, and method for cocking a weapon - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a clamping device for clamping a tensionable via a clamping element weapon, in particular a machine gun, with an actuating element for actuating the clamping element. Moreover, the invention relates to a weapon, in particular a machine gun, with a clamping element for tensioning the weapon and a clamping device with an actuating element for actuating the clamping element. Another object of the invention is a method for tensioning a tensionable via a clamping element weapon, in particular a machine gun, with a an actuating element for actuating the clamping element having clamping device.

Many types of weapons and in particular fully automatic machine guns, such as small- or medium-caliber machine guns, are first mechanically tensioned by a tensioning element before the delivery of a shot. These are often clamping elements, which are converted, starting from a starting position against the force of a spring in a clamping position.

Together with the clamping element, the returning part of the weapon moves against the force of the spring until the actual clamping position is reached. In this position, the weapon is stretched and the clamping element can - be moved to its original position - without taking the returning part of the weapon. To deliver the first shot of the returning part of the weapon is released, accelerated by the spring in the direction of the cartridge to be triggered and moved by the resulting in the firing recoil against the force of the spring again in the direction of the clamping position. Once this is achieved, the return part is accelerated via the spring to deliver the next shot towards the next cartridge, etc. There is a kind of pendulum movement of the returning part of the weapon, the returning part of the weapon with each shot in the direction of the clamping position and is moved over the force of the spring towards the next cartridge.

Regardless of whether the clamping element has been returned after tightening the weapon in its initial position, or whether it has remained in its cocked position, it remains coupled to the returning part of the weapon, so it follows the pendulum movements during the firing.

This has proven to be particularly disadvantageous in situations in which the weapon is not stretched by hand, but over a clamping device, for example in the case of remote-controlled weapon stations, which are operated remotely controllable from a protected vehicle interior.

Because usually an actuating element is used for clamping the clamping element, which is designed to be movable via a drive and fixedly arranged on the clamping element. About this actuator, the clamping element can be moved back and forth in two directions between the starting position and the clamping position. However, this has proven to be disadvantageous insofar as this considerably increases the mass of the returning part of the weapon, which can lead to increased wear of the weapon.

From the DE 102 40 507 A1 a weapon with a clamping device is known, which has a trained in the manner of a driver actuator. About the driver, the clamping element is transferred to its clamping position. The driver is loosely against the clamping element, which is why the driver is indeed able to take the clamping element in its clamping position, but it is not the driver, the clamping element from its clamping position to move in the reverse direction.

From the EP 2 282 157 A2 a remotely controllable clamping device is known in which a clamping element is floatingly connected to an actuating element.

The object of the invention is to provide a clamping device, a weapon as well as a method in which the tensioning element can be moved in two directions, without having to accept an increased wear of the weapon in purchasing.

In a clamping device of the type mentioned, this object is achieved in that a coupling mechanism is provided, via which the actuating element and the clamping element can be coupled together.

By coupling the actuating element with the clamping element, these can be temporarily connected to each other, so that the clamping element can be moved in two directions. When firing the actuator and clamping element can be decoupled from each other, so that the actuator does not have to follow the oscillating movements of the returning part of the weapon and it comes to the extent no increased wear on the weapon. The actuator can be moved during the firing in an area away from the return path of the returning part of the weapon.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is proposed that the clamping element and the actuating element via the coupling mechanism in the clamping direction of the weapon are pressure-coupled connectable. Through the pressure-coupled connection, the pressure during cocking of the weapon, d. H. when tensioning the returning part of the weapon against a spring, are applied to the clamping element.

A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the clamping element and the actuating element via the coupling mechanism against the Clamping direction of the weapon zuggekoppett are connectable. In this way, it is not only possible to apply the required clamping pressure on the clamping element. Also, the clamping element can be pulled against the clamping direction of the weapon in its starting position. This is especially at long tension paths and little available space in the area behind the weapon advantage, since the weapon can thereby judge in a smaller space.

According to the invention, it is proposed that the coupling mechanism is designed such that the traction coupling is designed to be releasable automatically when a tensile force threshold is exceeded. It is not necessary to provide a separate drive or the like for releasing the coupling mechanism or for separating the actuating element from the clamping element.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the coupling mechanism is arranged on the actuating element or on the clamping element. When arranged on the actuating element, there is the advantage that the weapon-side clamping element does not have to be changed. The weapon can therefore possibly be removed with a few simple steps from a holder and also operated manually.

In a structurally advantageous embodiment of the coupling mechanism is designed as a spring-loaded snap mechanism.

In this context, it is also advantageous if the coupling mechanism has a pair of form spring. The shape of the shaped springs can be adapted to the shape of the clamping element in such a way that the pair of shaped springs encloses the clamping element in a positive and non-positive manner, resulting in a reliable coupling.

A further embodiment provides that the actuating element is designed to be movable by means of a drive. The direction of travel of the actuating element is advantageously parallel to the weft direction or to the clamping direction of the Weapon aligned. As drives are particularly suitable electrical drives. In particular, the actuating element can also be arranged on a spindle drive designed as a linear drive, which moves the actuating element in the manner of a spindle nut.

Another embodiment of the clamping device provides that it has a path compensation. The path compensation can be used to compensate for manufacturing tolerances to prevent mechanical overuse of the weapon and in particular of the clamping element of the weapon. Also, a running after the drive and thus a slightly too large actuation of the actuator can be compensated.

Of constructive advantage is an embodiment, according to which the path compensation between the coupling mechanism and the actuating element is arranged. After the coupling mechanism has been brought into contact with the clamping element, further movements of the actuating element are compensated via the path compensation. The coupling mechanism does not move further in the direction of the clamping element, but the actuating element moves over the path compensation in the direction of the coupling mechanism. Overuse of the weapon is avoided.

Finally, it is advantageous if the path compensation is formed by a compensating element which is movable counter to the force of a spring and on which the coupling mechanism is arranged.

In a weapon of the type mentioned is proposed to solve the above problem that the actuating element and the clamping element can be coupled together via a coupling mechanism.

By coupling the actuating element with the clamping element, these can be temporarily connected to each other, so that the clamping element can be moved in two directions. When firing the actuator and clamping element can be decoupled from each other, so that the actuator does not have to follow the oscillating movements of the returning part of the weapon and it comes to the extent no increased wear on the weapon. The actuator can be moved during the firing in an area away from the return path of the returning part of the weapon.

Advantageously and according to the invention it is when the clamping device according to one or more of the features described above, individually or in combination with each other is formed.

In an embodiment of the weapon is also proposed that the clamping element is arranged on the returning part of the weapon and the actuator on the fixed part of the weapon or a weapon mount. Thus, it is not necessary that the actuator oscillates with the returning part of the weapon. It results in a small mass of the returning part of the weapon.

In a method of the type mentioned is proposed to solve the above problem that the actuating element and the clamping element are coupled together.

By coupling the actuating element with the clamping element, these can be temporarily connected to each other, so that the clamping element can be moved in two directions. When firing the actuator and clamping element can be decoupled from each other, so that the actuating element does not have to follow the oscillating movements of the returning part of the weapon and, as far as that goes, there is no increased wear on the weapon. Since the actuating element can be moved during the firing in an area away from the return path of the returning part of the weapon.

Advantageously and according to the invention is a method in which the features of the clamping device described above and / or the features of the weapon described above are realized individually or in combination with each other.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the method provides that the coupling is released after cocking the weapon and the actuator is moved before the firing in a position off the return path of the returning part of the weapon.

Fig. 1

in schematisierter Seitenansicht eine Waffe mit einer Spannvorrichtung, in welcher sich das Betätigungselement der Spannvorrichtung in dessen Ausgangsstellung befindet,

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht gemäß der in Fig. 1 mit II bezeichneten Einzelheit,

Fig. 3

eine der Darstellung in Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht, in welcher sich das Betätigungselement der Spannvorrichtung in dessen Spannstellung befindet,

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht gemäß der in Fig. 3 mit IV bezeichneten Einzelheit und

Fig. 5 bis 7

verschiedene Ansichten des Betätigungselements sowie des Spannelements zur Veranschaulichung der Vorgänge während eines Spannvorgangs.

Further details and advantages of a clamping device, a weapon as well as a method according to the invention will be explained below with the aid of the accompanying drawings of an embodiment. Show:

Fig. 1

in a schematic side view of a weapon with a tensioning device, in which the actuating element of the tensioning device is in its initial position,

Fig. 2

an enlarged detail view according to the in Fig. 1 with detail designated II,

Fig. 3

one of the illustration in Fig. 1 corresponding view in which the actuating element of the clamping device is in its clamping position,

Fig. 4

an enlarged detail view according to the in Fig. 3 with IV designated detail and

Fig. 5 to 7

various views of the actuator and the clamping element to illustrate the processes during a clamping operation.

Fig. 1 shows in side view trained as a machine gun weapon 1 with a tensioning device 2. The weapon 1 is shown in broken lines, whereas the serving for tightening the weapon 1 clamping device 2 is shown in solid lines.

The tensioning device 2 can, as shown in FIG Fig. 1 be arranged directly on the weapon 1 or even more advantageously in a weapon mount, for example, the höhenrichtbaren part of a remote-controlled mount.

To tighten the weapon 1 is designed as a clamping bolt clamping element 3, which during clamping from the in Fig. 1 illustrated front home position in the in Fig. 4 shown clamping position is transferred. For tightening the weapon 1, ie for transferring the clamping element 3 in the in Fig. 3 illustrated clamping position, the clamping device 2 is provided with an actuating element 4 movable in two directions.

The actuating element 4 is designed to be movable in two directions parallel to the firing direction of the weapon 1 or parallel to the clamping direction of the tensioning element 3 via a drive 6. In the drive 6 is an electric motor drive, which is coupled via a spindle drive 7 with the actuating element 4. Upon actuation of the drive 6, the actuating element 4 is moved axially in the manner of a spindle nut.

As will be explained in detail below, a coupling mechanism 5 is provided, via which the actuating element 4 and the weapon-side clamping element 3 can be coupled together.

Like the enlarged view in Fig. 4 can be seen, the coupling mechanism 5 consists of two shaped springs 5.1, 5.2, which can embrace the closing element 3 positively. At their in the clamping direction forward facing end, the two form springs 5.1., 5.2 insertion slopes, which extend in a funnel shape toward each other and thus form a cross-sectional constriction behind which the actual coupling position of the clamping element 3 is located, see. also Fig. 4 ,

This results in a total of the manner of a spring-loaded snap mechanism ausgestalteter coupling mechanism 5, which can be coupled in a simple manner to the clamping element 3.

While an embodiment is shown in the figures, in which the coupling mechanism 5 is arranged on the tensioning device side actuator 4, it is also conceivable to arrange this weapon side on the clamping element 3 and provide a correspondingly shaped, for example, bolt-shaped coupling element on the actuating element 4.

Like the representations in Fig. 2 and 4 this can be seen, a path compensation 8 is also provided.

The path compensation 8 allows a relative movement of the coupling mechanism 5 relative to the coupling mechanism 5 bearing actuator 4. About the path compensation 8 can compensate for manufacturing tolerances and avoid excessive forces on the clamping element 3 of the weapon 1. Fig. 4 shows a position in which the clamping element 3 is in its clamping position and over the path compensation 8 a compensation path A has been compensated.

The structural design of the path compensation 8 can best be seen from the illustration in FIG Fig. 5 detect. As this shows, the path compensation 8 has a arranged on the actuating element 4 bolt 8.1. The bolt 8.1 extends from the actuating element 4 in the direction of a compensating element 8.3, which is connected to the coupling mechanism 5. In that regard, the path compensation 8 is located between the coupling mechanism 5 and the actuating element 4. The actuating element 4 and the compensating element 8.3 are braced against each other via a compression spring 8.2. In the case of a path compensation, the spring 8.2 is further tensioned, at the same time the distance between the compensation element 8.3 and the actuator 4 changes. The movements of the compensating element 8.3 are guided over the bolt 8.1.

Further details and advantages of the invention will be described below with the aid of the illustrations in FIGS FIGS. 5 to 7 be explained.

In Fig. 5 the initial position is shown. In this is the clamping element 3 at a front end stop of the weapon 1, see. also Fig. 1 , The actuating element 4 and arranged on this coupling mechanism 5 are viewed in the weft direction even before the clamping element 3 are thus away from the return path of the returning part of the weapon 1. In that regard prevents the oscillating during the firing back and forth clamping element 3 with the actuating element 4 or the coupling mechanism 5 comes into contact.

In order to couple the actuating element 4 to the clamping element 3, the drive 6 is first actuated. About the spindle 7, the actuator 4 according to the in Fig. 5 drawn directional arrow moves in the direction of the clamping element 3.

The movement of the actuating element 4 and the coupling mechanism 5 arranged thereon initially takes place in the clamping direction of the weapon 1.

As soon as the actuating element 4 has reached the clamping element 3, the coupling mechanism 5 comes into contact with the clamping element 3. In this case, the bolt-shaped clamping element 3 enters the front region of the shaped springs 5.1, 5.2 of the coupling mechanism 5. The front ends of the shaped springs 5.1, 5.2 are formed as Einführschrägen, which results in the inlet region of the coupling mechanism 5 is an overall funnel-shaped opening. During further movement of the actuating element 4, the shaped springs 5.1, 5.2 deviate outward against their spring force, whereby the clamping element 3 passes through a narrow point provided in the middle region of the shaped springs 5.1, 5.2 into a receiving space lying behind it and having a larger cross-section. As soon as the clamping element 3 is in this area, the shaped springs 5.1, 5.2 spring back inwards and the actuating element is coupled to the clamping element 3. This coupling can be both positive and non-positive.

This position is in Fig. 6 shown. In this coupled position, the clamping element 3 is further in the direction of Fig. 3 shown clamping position along the clamping path S moves. In this movement along the clamping direction of the weapon 1, the actuating element 4 and the clamping element 3 are pressure-coupled to one another, so that the required clamping force can be transmitted to the clamping element 3.

The end of the clamping path S with reaching the clamping position is formed by a second weapon-side end stop of the clamping element 3, see. the representation in Fig. 3 , In this position, the weapon 1 is stretched. In order to avoid overloading of the clamping element 3 and to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, the actuating element 4 always moves by a certain distance on to the clamping element 3 zoom, as would be required due to the clamping path S. This additional path A is, as described above, balanced over the path compensation 8, cf. in particular the representations in the Fig. 2 and 4 ,

After the weapon was stretched, the actuator 4 moves against the clamping direction of the weapon 1 back to the in the in Fig. 6 shown intermediate position is reached a second time. In this movement, counter to the clamping direction of the weapon 1, the actuating element 4 and the clamping element 3 are coupled to each other train-coupled.

Subsequently, the actuating element 4 is moved further in the direction of its initial position, with the voltage applied to the first stop clamping element 3 with reaching a certain threshold against the Closing force of the form springs 5.1, 5.2 moves out of the coupling mechanism 5 and the actuator 4 is decoupled from the clamping element 3.

The actuator 4 then moves into the in Fig. 7 illustrated starting position, according to which it is outside the movement path of the clamping element 3 and the returning part of the weapon 1 in the firing.

The clamping device 2 described above, the weapon 1 as well as the method are characterized in that connect the clamping element 3 and the actuator 4 for tensioning the weapon 1 and for returning the clamping element 3 together and can be separated from each other to firing.

Reference numerals:

1

weapon

2

jig

3

clamping element

4

actuator

5

coupling mechanism

5.1

shaped spring

5.2

shaped spring

6

drive

7

spindle

8th

path compensation

8.1

bolt

8.2

feather

8.3

compensation element

A

Compensation path

S

Tension

Claims (12)

1. Cocking device for cocking a weapon (1), in particular an automatic weapon, that is able to be cocked via a cocking element (3), having an actuating element (4) for actuating the cocking element (3) and a coupling mechanism (5), via which the actuating element (4) and the cocking element (3) are able to be connected together in a manner coupled in tension counter to the cocking direction of the weapon (1), characterized in that the coupling mechanism (5) is configured such that the tensile coupling is configured to be releasable automatically when a tensile force threshold is exceeded.
2. Cocking device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cocking element (3) and the actuating element (4) are able to be connected in a manner coupled in compression in the cocking direction of the weapon (1) via the coupling mechanism (5).
3. Cocking device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling mechanism (5) is arranged on the actuating element (4) or on the cocking element (3).
4. Cocking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling mechanism (5) is configured as a spring-loaded snap mechanism.
5. Cocking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a travel compensation means (8).
6. Cocking device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the travel compensation means (8) is arranged between the coupling mechanism (5) and the actuating element (4).
7. Cocking device according to either of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the travel compensation means (8) is formed by a compensation element (8.3) which is movable counter to the force of a spring (8.2) and on which the coupling mechanism (5) is arranged.
8. Weapon, in particular automatic weapon, having a cocking element (3) for cocking the weapon (1) and a cocking device (2), characterized in that the cocking device (2) is configured according to one of Claims 1 to 7.
9. Weapon according to Claim 8, characterized in that the cocking element (3) is arranged on the recoiling part of the weapon (1) and the actuating element (4) is arranged on the fixed part of the weapon (1) or a weapon receptacle.
10. Method for cocking a weapon (1), in particular an automatic weapon, that is able to be cocked via a cocking element (3), having a cocking device (2) that has an actuating element (4) for actuating the cocking element (3), wherein the actuating element (4) and the cocking element (3) are connected together in a manner coupled in tension counter to the cocking direction of the weapon, wherein the coupling mechanism (5) is configured such that the tensile coupling releases automatically when a tensile force threshold is exceeded.
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the cocking device (2) is configured according to one of Claims 1 to 7 and/or in that the weapon (1) is configured according to either of Claims 8 and 9.
12. Method according to Claim 10 or Claim 11, characterized in that the coupling is released after the weapon (1) is cocked and the actuating element (4) is moved into a position away from the recoil path of the recoiling part of the weapon (1) before firing.

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