EP2643637A2 - Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une combustion dans une chaudière de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une combustion dans une chaudière de combustion

Info

Publication number
EP2643637A2
EP2643637A2 EP11790584.4A EP11790584A EP2643637A2 EP 2643637 A2 EP2643637 A2 EP 2643637A2 EP 11790584 A EP11790584 A EP 11790584A EP 2643637 A2 EP2643637 A2 EP 2643637A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
combustion air
boiler
material discharge
conveyor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11790584.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2643637B1 (fr
Inventor
Ralph Ludwig
Christian Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clyde Bergemann DRYCON GmbH
Original Assignee
Clyde Bergemann DRYCON GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clyde Bergemann DRYCON GmbH filed Critical Clyde Bergemann DRYCON GmbH
Publication of EP2643637A2 publication Critical patent/EP2643637A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2643637B1 publication Critical patent/EP2643637B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/103—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/113—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxidant supply flowrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling combustion of fuel in a combustion boiler.
  • the invention finds particular application in combustion boilers of fossil fuel fired power plants application.
  • Combustion boilers with at least one combustion chamber are known from the prior art in which a fuel is burned with the addition of combustion air.
  • a fuel is burned with the addition of combustion air.
  • hot combustion gases are produced, the heat energy of which is removed in exhaust-gas-conducting regions of the combustion boiler, in particular via heat exchangers, and subsequently converted into electrical energy.
  • Incineration of fuels in combustion plants requires increasingly stringent emission limits.
  • the prevention of the formation of pollutants during the combustion of fuels is of particular importance.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art and, in particular, to provide a method for controlling combustion of fuel in a combustion boiler, with which in the combustion chamber for the combustion of the fuel Available combustion air can be controlled very precisely.
  • a combustion boiler should also be specified, with which the combustion air available for combustion of the fuel in a combustion chamber can be controlled in a particularly exact manner.
  • the method according to the invention for controlling combustion of fuel in a combustion boiler comprises at least the following steps: a) determination of a desired amount of combustion air for the combustion of the fuel in the combustion boiler, b) determination of an available amount of combustion air for the combustion of the fuel in the combustion boiler , c) controlling at least one combustion air inflow through at least one material discharge opening or apparatus opening of the combustion boiler in order to at least partially equalize the available amount of combustion air in the combustion boiler to the desired amount of combustion air.
  • combustion air is understood here to mean a gas or gas mixture which comprises at least oxygen
  • the oxygen content of the combustion air is in particular at least 10% by volume (preferably by volume), preferably at least 20% by volume or particularly preferably at least 30% by volume
  • the combustion air may also be ambient air which may have been preheated, and the desired amount of combustion air is, in particular, the quantity of combustion air which is responsible for the combustion of the combustion air.
  • combustion chamber and / or amount of fuel provides an amount of oxygen that is required for a particularly advantageous, in particular low-emission, combustion of the fuel.
  • the desired quantity of combustion air may also be that amount of combustion air which, depending on the oxygen content of the combustion air, is required for a stoichiometric combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the fuels used are in particular lignite, hard coal, crude oil, natural gas, household waste, industrial waste and / or biomass.
  • the respective quantity of combustion air which is dependent on the type, mass and / or quality of the fuel is known in principle to the person skilled in the art and can in particular be taken from corresponding operating manuals of the combustion boiler.
  • measured values and / or calculation models can be used, so that the quantity of combustion air required for the given (stoichiometric) combustion can be determined at a (current or predetermined future) time.
  • an oxygen sensor which measures an oxygen concentration within a combustion chamber of the combustion boiler.
  • other sensors and / or calculation models, etc. can be used for this purpose.
  • This step b) can be carried out in particular after and / or during and / or before step a).
  • an adjustment of the available amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber to the desired amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber should be set as exactly as possible to the desired amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber.
  • This is done by controlling (in particular regulation) at least one combustion air inflow through at least one material discharge opening and / or at least one apparatus opening of the combustion boiler.
  • An "apparatus opening” is understood as meaning, in particular, an access (for example through the side wall and / or the ceiling wall) to the combustion boiler, via which (at least temporarily) additional air is supplied (indefinitely) (Temporarily) apparatus may be supplied to the combustion boiler (and / or downstream areas), such as sensors, cleaning systems, sampling devices, etc.
  • sealing elements may also be provided there that employ a purge gas.
  • the at least one combustion air inflow through the at least one material discharge opening and / or at least one apparatus opening and / or the provided combustion air supply of the combustion boiler (active) is reduced and / or increased and / or kept constant (with changing external conditions), to match the available amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber as closely as possible to the desired amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion air inflow is at least partially a quantity of combustion air that flows into the combustion chamber through the material discharge opening of the combustion chamber.
  • the amount of combustion air is measured, for example, in m 3 / min (cubic meters per minute).
  • the adjustment of the available combustion air quantity in the combustion chamber to the desired amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber can also be effected with the aid of further combustion air supply to the combustion chamber (for example separate burners, nozzles, etc. in the wall of the combustion boiler) ,
  • the control of the at least one combustion air flow through the at least a material discharge opening and / or apparatus opening a, possibly additional, control variable to match the available amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber to the desired amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber particularly accurately.
  • the at least one material discharge opening of the combustion chamber is an opening in the combustion chamber from which combustion residues of the fuel from the combustion chamber are at least partially and / or substantially completely removed.
  • the material discharge opening is preferably formed in a bottom area of the combustion chamber and connects the combustion chamber, in particular with a conveyor for combustion residues arranged below the combustion boiler.
  • the adjustment preferably takes place regularly during the operation of the combustion boiler, in particular when at least one parameter relevant for the combustion and / or the promotion of the ash changes.
  • the adaptation takes place practically in real time, so that the operation is adapted or readjusted very quickly.
  • the invention is particularly based on the concept that all air streams and / or gas streams entering the boiler (insofar as they have an effect on the combustion process) are detected and taken into account for the adjustment of the combustion air provided.
  • the air flow can then be adjusted via the classical combustion air supply, the material discharge opening and / or the apparatus opening in a demand-oriented or application-oriented manner.
  • This online control of the combustion air over all openings allows a particularly accurate and possibly directional supply of combustion air, the position of the flame and / or the effectiveness of the combustion process and / or the formation of residues / pollutants / etc. can affect beneficial.
  • step c) comprises an active adaptation of the total amount of combustion air.
  • a direct so-called “online” control is addressed, in which, for example, measured values and / or characteristic values of the combustion boiler (also with sensors) are determined or determined and (in real time) directly (eg under Use of an appropriate control software) processed, so that a timely and immediate adaptation of the available amount of combustion air is made, the practically exactly coincides with the desired amount of combustion air.
  • the method is preferably carried out such that at least one of the following combustion air inflows is regulated as a function of step c):
  • combustion air inflow takes place at least by one of the following means:
  • At least one metering device for combustion air of the at least one material discharge opening of the combustion boiler, at least one conveyor for combustion residues,
  • At least one at least partially closable opening in at least one housing of the at least one conveyor is in particular at least partially and / or completely closable valves and / or at least partially and / or completely closable valves in the region of the at least one material discharge opening of the combustion chamber of the combustion boiler, with which the inflow a combustion air flow from the outside into the combustion boiler can be controlled.
  • the combustion air inflow is reduced by at least partial or complete closing of the material discharge opening by the metering device and / or an increase in the combustion air inflow by at least partial or complete opening of the material discharge opening by the metering device.
  • the combustion air flow can also be controlled by means of at least one conveyor for combustion residues, for example by adjusting a conveying speed of the conveyor, so that in particular the material discharge opening of the combustion chamber is at least partially or completely closed with combustion residues.
  • the loading height of the conveyor can also be influenced by combustion residues by influencing the flow resistance to be overcome by the combustion air inflow, in particular in the region of the material discharge opening.
  • the combustion air flow can be reduced by reducing the conveying speed of the at least one conveyor or can be reduced by increasing the conveying speed of the at least one conveyor.
  • the at least one conveyor for combustion residues is preferably arranged below the at least one material discharge opening and essentially surrounded by at least one housing which is connected in a substantially gas-tight manner to the combustion boiler.
  • This at least one housing has at least one partial and / or full permanently closable opening, which may in particular be an opening of the housing at the end of a conveying path of the conveyor, in particular on the conveyor conveyed combustion residues from and / or from the conveyor and / or from the at least one housing of the at least one To remove conveyor.
  • Ambient air can flow into the housing from this at least partially and / or completely closable opening, form a flow path within the at least one housing along the at least one conveyor and flow through the at least one material discharge opening into the combustion chamber of the combustion boiler as the combustion air inflow.
  • This process can be assisted, for example, by one or more pumps, fans, valves, etc. in the region of the at least one at least partially closable opening and / or along the flow path of the combustion air inflow.
  • the at least one opening of the housing is partially and / or completely closable, so that the combustion air inflow flowing into the combustion chamber through the housing and the material discharge opening can be controlled.
  • openings of the housing for example openings for the targeted supply of cooling air for the combustion residues conveyed by the at least one conveyor, can be made closable in order to control the combustion air flow through the at least one material discharge opening of the combustion boiler.
  • At least one physical property of the combustion air inflow is measured with the aid of at least one second sensor or the determination of the available quantity of combustion air takes place with the aid of at least one first sensor.
  • the at least one physical property of the combustion air inflow may be, for example, the mass flow, volumetric flow, temperature, humidity, chemical composition, oxygen concentration, and / or other physical property of the combustion air flow passing through the at least one material discharge port Influence on the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber of the combustion boiler has.
  • the at least one second sensor is, in particular, a sensor with which at least one of the abovementioned physical properties of the combustion air inflow can be determined.
  • the at least one first sensor is thus z. B.
  • an oxygen sensor that can measure an oxygen concentration within the at least one combustion chamber of the combustion boiler.
  • the measurement of the at least one physical property of the combustion air inflow and / or the determination of the available amount of combustion air by means of the first sensor and / or second sensor is preferably carried out continuously, so that upon detection of a deviation of the available amount of combustion air in the combustion chamber of the desired Combustion air quantity in the combustion chamber of the at least one combustion air flow controlled as soon as possible, that is reduced or increased, can be.
  • a combustion boiler comprising at least one combustion chamber for fuel, at least one material discharge opening for emitting combustion residues, at least one first sensor for determining a quantity of combustion air available in the at least one combustion chamber for combustion of the fuel, at least one second sensor for at least one physical characteristic of a combustion air flow through the at least one material discharge opening at least one material discharge opening at least one metering device for the combustion air inlet and / or at least one at least one conveyor for combustion residues at least partially enclosing housing having at least one at least partially closable opening.
  • the combustion boiler proposed here is provided in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention for controlling a combustion of fuel in a combustion boiler. Reference is therefore made at this point to the description of the method according to the invention.
  • the housing has a plurality of openings, which are all closable.
  • this part of the combustion air flow which is provided via the conveyor, is withdrawn again (for example, with a corresponding suction device).
  • a metering device and a conveyor can be realized together in the combustion boiler.
  • a particularly simple automated control that is to say in particular a particularly simple automated control and / or regulation, of the at least one combustion air inflow flowing through the at least one material discharge opening is possible.
  • the at least one drive of the at least one conveyor is, for example, an electric motor with which a conveying speed of the conveyor can be changed.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a combustion boiler 2 with a combustion chamber 11.
  • combustion of fuel 1 takes place with supply of combustion air via a (primary / secondary) combustion air supply 15.
  • the combustion boiler 2 has a plurality of apparatus openings 19 through which (temporarily and / or permanently) an additional air flow is introduced. can occur, for. B. if there are passed sensors and / or cleaning equipment and / or operated.
  • the combustion chamber 11 of the combustion boiler 2 also has a material discharge opening 3, via which combustion residues 6 can be removed from the combustion chamber 11 to a conveyor 5 arranged below the material discharge opening 3.
  • the conveyor 5 is designed here as a belt conveyor.
  • a metering device 4 is arranged in the region of the material discharge opening 3, which is designed here in the form of two rotatably mounted flaps.
  • the combustion air flow is reduced by closing the metering device 4 and increases by opening the metering device 4.
  • the combustion boiler 2 has in the combustion chamber 11 also has a first sensor 9 for determining an available amount of combustion air in the combustion boiler 2 and a second sensor 10 for determining a physical property of the combustion air flow 16 in the area of the material discharge opening 3.
  • the combustion air inflow 16 can also be controlled by a drive 12 of the conveyor 5, in particular by adjusting a conveying speed of the conveyor 5 and thus a loading height 17 of the conveyor 5.
  • the conveyor 5 is also arranged in a housing 8, which in this embodiment has two at least partially and / or completely closable opening 7.
  • the lower of the two at least partially and / or completely closable openings 7 is at least partially and / or completely closable by an adjustable flap 14.
  • an adjustable flap 14 Through the two partially and / or completely closable openings 7 ambient air flows into the housing 8 and forms along the conveyor 5 a flow path 18 in the direction of the combustion chamber 11 from.
  • the ambient air in the housing 8 can at least partially cool the combustion residues 6 on the conveyor 5 and at least partially promote afterburning of the combustion residues 6 on the conveyor 5, the ambient air being at least partially deprived of oxygen by the afterburning of the combustion residues 6 on the conveyor 5 , This means that the oxygen concentration of the ambient air in the direction of the combustion chamber 11 is at least partially reduced.
  • the first sensor 9, the second sensor 10, the metering device 4, the drive 12, the combustion air supply 15 and / or the flap 14 are (here indicated by dashed lines) data conductively connected to a control unit 13, which is adapted to the combustion air inflow 16 to control the available amount of combustion air, that is, in particular the amount of available oxygen, in the combustion boiler 2 to the desired amount of combustion air, that is, in particular the desired amount of oxygen, at least partially or completely.
  • the invention is characterized by a particularly accurate control of the available amount of combustion air in the combustion boiler and allows the combustion of fuels To reduce resulting pollutants particularly advantageous, at the same time a very good (complete) treatment of the discharged combustion residues can be guaranteed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande d'une combustion de combustible (1) dans une chaudière de combustion (2), comportant au moins les étapes: a) détermination d'une quantité d'air de combustion souhaitée pour la combustion du combustible (1) dans la chaudière de combustion (2); b) détermination d'une quantité d'air de combustion disponible pour la combustion du combustible (1) dans la chaudière de combustion (2); c) et commande d'au moins un flux d'air de combustion (16) au moyen d'une ouverture de distribution de matériau (3) ou d'au moins une ouverture d'appareil de la chaudière de combustion (2) afin de faire correspondre au moins partiellement la quantité d'air de combustion disponible dans la chaudière de combustion (2) avec la quantité d'air de combustion souhaitée.
EP11790584.4A 2010-11-24 2011-11-23 Procédé de commande d'une combustion dans une chaudière de combustion Active EP2643637B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010052404A DE102010052404A1 (de) 2010-11-24 2010-11-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung einer Verbrennung in einem Verbrennungskessel
PCT/EP2011/070735 WO2012069502A2 (fr) 2010-11-24 2011-11-23 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une combustion dans une chaudière de combustion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2643637A2 true EP2643637A2 (fr) 2013-10-02
EP2643637B1 EP2643637B1 (fr) 2021-11-17

Family

ID=45065880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11790584.4A Active EP2643637B1 (fr) 2010-11-24 2011-11-23 Procédé de commande d'une combustion dans une chaudière de combustion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20130323657A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2643637B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103403454B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010052404A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012069502A2 (fr)

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CN106123024A (zh) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 一种生物质锅炉的燃烧控制方法
CN106895436B (zh) * 2017-03-22 2018-10-26 山东理工大学 生物质成型燃料燃烧装置的炭粉快速低温燃烧的阴燃装置
WO2020223391A1 (fr) * 2019-04-29 2020-11-05 Nextwatts, Inc. Systèmes et procédés de traitement et/ou de séquestration d'émission de bâtiment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2643637B1 (fr) 2021-11-17
DE102010052404A1 (de) 2012-05-24
US20130323657A1 (en) 2013-12-05
WO2012069502A3 (fr) 2013-07-18
CN103403454B (zh) 2017-07-11
WO2012069502A2 (fr) 2012-05-31
CN103403454A (zh) 2013-11-20

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