EP2636498A2 - Slurry pressure casting mould, slurry pressure casting facility, and pressure casting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The mold (100) has a mold cavity (109) for pressure casting of a cast part (110) and surrounded by mold parts (101, 103, 105, 107) in a pressure casting position. An additive mold part (119) is arranged between the mold cavity and a portion of the mold part facing the mold cavity in the pressure casting position. The additive mold part is adjustable in a demolding direction (r) during a demolding step, where the demolding direction comprises a directional component in a direction (x) and another direction component in another direction (y) that is perpendicular to the former direction. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a slurry pressure casting equipment (2) a pressure casting method.

Description

The invention relates to a slip die with the above-conceptual features according to claim 1 and to a slip die casting and die casting using such a slip die casting mold.

Slip die casting molds for producing, in particular, sanitary articles, for example wash basins or toilet bowls, are generally known. A slip die is composed of several moldings. The moldings are set to pour from the outside under high pressure and tight against each other. Subsequently, slip is poured into a mold space which is formed in an area between the moldings. In this case, a pressure of the slurry is several bar. As a result, liquid from the slurry penetrates into the walls of the moldings and through this out of the die. On the inside of the walls of the moldings, the solids of the slurry settle and form a piece of broken glass. After die casting, the mold parts are moved apart again to expose the shards as the casting.

The problem with such arrangements that due to the high pressure forces on the moldings a slip die casting press punches, which are clamped from the outside against the moldings. These press dies are thereby alone or together with moldings mounted thereon along so-called press axes in an only linear direction adjustable. This is especially true for hydraulic presses. Dies are not used here, which are intended for die casting of castings, when the castings are to have free spaces that are undercut from view of adjacent to each other and perpendicular extending linear press axes. In such a case, instead of a casting usually two castings are poured separately from each other, then to glue the two shards together before the glued together pieces are sintered.

The object of the invention is to further develop a slip die casting mold, a slip die casting plant or a die casting process using such a slip die casting mold such that undercut castings can also be produced in a casting process.

This object is achieved by the slip die with the features according to claim 1, by the slip die casting plant with the features of claim 6 and by the die casting process with the features according to claim 10. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of dependent claims. Accordingly, a slip die casting mold with a mold space for die casting a casting and with the die space in a die casting position enclosing mold parts is preferred, wherein a first of the mold parts in a first direction is adjustable. It is advantageous that an additional molding in the Druckgießstellung between a mold cavity facing portion of the first mold part and the mold space is arranged, wherein the additional molding at least during a first demolding step in a Entformungsrichtung with both a directional component in the first direction and in addition one Directional component is adjustable in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

The proportions of the at least two directional components of the Entformungsrichtung are understood in the sense that none of the shares is equal to zero, so that the Entformungsrichtung obliquely to the first direction, in particular both shares between 5 ° and 85 °, in particular between 10 ° and 80 ° run diagonally opposite the first direction.

A slip die is understood in particular to mean a die in which slip is pressed into the forming space under a pressure of several bars, in particular under a pressure of more than 5 bar, preferably under a pressure of 10 to 20 bar. The moldings are formed from a permeable material, so that liquid from the slurry penetrates into the moldings. Solid constituents of the slip form a broken piece on a wall of the mold space. The slip material is preferably ceramic material to cast as a casting in particular sanitary articles such as sinks, bidets or toilet bowls. Usually, at least one of the mold parts also has an outlet opening in order to be able to purposely discharge the liquid of the slip from the die to the outside.

In particular, in such a die two or more mold parts are provided, which are moved towards each other in a linear direction to enclose the mold space, or moved away from each other in a linear direction to open the mold space for removal of a broken piece formed therein. In addition, at least one permeable for the liquid portions of the slurry additional molding is provided, which as another molding between the other moldings is used. The additional molding has at least one wall, which forms the mold space with. But the additional molding has in particular no wall, which forms a particular liquid-tight outer wall of the die, as is the case with the other moldings.

The additional molding is arranged within the die or between the other moldings so that it is adjustable in an oblique direction from the viewpoint of the linear directions of movement of the other moldings, in particular the adjacent to the additional mold part moldings. This allows insertion of the molding with its permeable body between the other moldings. So also undercut walls of a casting can be poured.

According to one embodiment, the first molded part is adjustable exclusively along the first direction and the additional molded part is adjustable at least during the first demolding step exclusively in the demoulding direction. Emphasized again is the advantageous movement in the Entformungsrichtung, which is at least initially executable by the additional molding. After an initial adjustment in Entformungsrichtung the additional molding can optionally be adjusted in other directions. This Entformungsrichtung is obliquely to the adjustment of the first molded part, which is arranged adjacent to the additional molding in the assembled state. In this case, in the assembled state between the first molded part and the additional molded part in particular at least partially formed part of the mold space. In this embodiment, this part of the mold space may be inclined to the demoulding direction of the first mold part run, so that during casting an undercut portion of the casting is formed.

According to a further embodiment, the additional molded part and the first molded part are formed in the casting position to surround a part of the mold space spaced from each other so that the part of the mold space to form a both obliquely to the first direction and obliquely to the second direction Moldings section runs. Emphasized here is the advantageous embodiment with two in particular mutually perpendicular adjustment directions for two of the mold parts, between which the additional molding is used in the casting position or between which the Entformungsrichtung runs. The demolding of the additional molding extends obliquely to both Entformungs- or adjustment directions of the adjacent moldings in an angular range between these two directions. As a result, undercut walls can be formed on the casting even from the perspective of both adjacent and perpendicular to each other adjustable outer moldings.

According to yet another embodiment, the additional molding part has a molded part holding device which extends laterally transversely to the first direction up to an outer circumference of the first molded part or further as an outer circumference of the first molded part or a molded part encasing the first molded part. Such a molded part holding device may, for example, be a metal carrier which is fastened to or leads into the additional molded part. The metal carrier or the molded part holding device leads from the additional molding of this away and in the assembled state between two adjoining walls of adjacent moldings through to at least one outer wall of these adjacent mold parts. In particular, a recess may be formed in one or both of the mold parts in a wall facing the other mold part, which recess is adapted to the contour of the holding device, so that the two mold parts lying against one another in the assembled state receive the holding device firmly between them. However, this is not necessarily so, because if necessary, a loose guide with play for the holding device between the assembled moldings advantageous if, for example, otherwise during the pressing of the moldings against each other undesirable stresses between them would occur.

Also advantageous is an embodiment in which the additional molding has a widening in Entformungsrichtung contour. Spoken abstractly, a wedge-shaped configuration of the additional molding can thus be provided in order to form wedge-shaped walls of the casting, which form undercut walls of the casting, in particular in two adjustment or demoulding directions of the moldings adjacent to the additional molding. Of course, instead of wedge-shaped additional molded parts and any other shaped parts can be used, which in particular also have structured, shaped walls.

Criterion is in particular that in the fully closed mold of the die casting such walls of the additional molding have no respect to the demolding direction projecting walls, which would allow corresponding recessed walls of the casting. In such a case, if appropriate, the use of a plurality of, if necessary, also nested additional molded parts could be realized. Independently solving the problem is also a slip-pressure casting with a receptacle for at least one such die and with a holding and adjusting device for temporarily holding the additional molding and for adjusting the additional molding in a Entformungsschritt in a Entformungsrichtung with both a directional component in a first direction as well as a directional component in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Such a receptacle for such a die-casting mold is essentially known per se and serves to clamp or fix the individual shaped parts of such a die-casting mold, so that the shaped parts are movable towards and away from one another. In addition, the receptacle serves to set by the receiving components themselves or by means of press ring adjoining the individual mold parts during die casting under an external tension, which counteracts the pressure of the cast-in slip and firmly holds the moldings together. A special feature is the holding and adjusting device, which can hold the additional molding during mounting, dismounting and Diegießvorgangs in a respectively defined position. In addition, the holding and adjusting device is designed to adjust the additional molding in a respective required position and, where appropriate, spatial position. This makes it possible to set by means of the holding and adjusting the additional molding in a predefined position within the receptacle before the other moldings are moved to the additional molding to this ultimately tightly enclose and between them.

In particular, the holding and adjusting device in the closed position also serve to the additional molding to bias against one or two adjacent mold parts, so as to form the mold space and to prevent an adjustment of the additional molding in a portion in which a wall of the casting is to be formed.

During casting, however, the holding and adjusting device can also decouple or force-free the additional molded part according to an alternative embodiment and act as an inactive holding arm so as not to counteract undesirably the pressing forces exerted by pressing cylinders from the outside onto the adjacent shaped parts act. In such a case, the holding and adjusting device comprises e.g. a clutch mechanism which permits adjustment of the auxiliary molding due to forces acting on adjacent mold parts without being hindered to an undesirable extent by the holding and adjusting means thereon.

After casting, the holding and adjusting device serves, in particular, to hold the additional molded part against the cast casting, while at least one of the molded parts adjacent to the additional molded part is moved away.

After adjusting an adjacent molding or several adjacent moldings away from the additional molding then subsequently the additional molding can be led away by means of the holding and adjusting in its Entformungsrichtung from the casting. The removal or removal of the additional molding from the casting can already be done at an earlier time, while the adjacent moldings are not yet completely moved away. It is also possible to carry a holding device for the casting under the casting before the removal of the additional molding from the cast casting or shards, so that the additional molding is taken away only when the casting in a adjacent portion of the holding device is held and supported. This prevents bending or shearing of adjacent walls of the casting.

An embodiment in which the holding and adjusting device has a drive for the automated adjustment of the additional molding is advantageous. Such a drive may in particular be an electromotive drive which has an adjusting element which grips or is fastened to the molded part holding device and which can hold and / or adjust the molded part holding device with the additional molded part arranged thereon. In addition to electric motor drives but also any other types of drive can be used, in particular hydraulic and pneumatic drives.

Also feasible is an embodiment in which the holding and adjusting device has a mechanism for manually adjusting the additional molding. Thus, for example, grip element can be provided which can be grasped by a technician in order to manually bring or to adjust the additional molded part into another position.

It is also possible to implement a configuration in which the receptacle holds or guides the first molded part for removal from the mold with the first direction in a downward direction, in particular vertically downward away from the mold space. Such a procedure is particularly advantageous for use when pouring toilet bowls, in which the first molded part is inserted into the actual bowl opening and is preferably removed downwards, in which case the additional molding can be arranged to a rear wall of the toilet bowl, which is not vertically downwards or, in use, runs vertically upwards, but leads obliquely backwards to a back wall running behind the toilet.

The object is achieved independently by a die-casting method with such a die casting mold or in such a die casting after removal of the first molding in a first direction away from a mold cavity, thereby at least initially holding an additional molding on the mold cavity and thereafter Removing the additional molding in a Entformungsrichtung with both a directional component in the first direction and additionally a directional component in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Fig. 1

eine Teilschnittansicht durch eine geschlossene Druckgießform;

Fig. 2

die Komponenten gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Betriebsstellung, bei welcher nach dem Gießen eines Gussteils ein erstes, unteres Formteil nach unten hin wegbewegt wird;

Fig. 3

die Komponenten gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 bei einem späteren Verfahrensschritt, bei dem auch ein Zusatz-Formteil wegbewegt wird; und

Fig. 4

eine seitliche Draufsicht auf die Komponenten gemäß Fig. 1 in einem Verfahrensschritt während des Zusammenbaus der Druckgießform.

An embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In the various figures, reference numerals which are identical to one another in each case refer to components which are identical or function identically to one another and to method steps, so that, apart from explicitly mentioned differences, the statements relating to the remaining figures also apply. Show it:

Fig. 1

a partial sectional view through a closed die;

Fig. 2

the components according to Fig. 1 in an operating position in which, after the casting of a casting, a first, lower molding is moved downwards;

Fig. 3

the components according to Fig. 1 and 2 in a later process step, in which an additional molding is moved away; and

Fig. 4

a side plan view of the components according to Fig. 1 in a process step during assembly of the die.

How out Fig. 1 As can be seen, an exemplary slip-die casting mold 100 consists of a plurality of individual molded parts 101, 103, 105, 107, which form a molding space 109 in the assembled state between them. In the exemplary illustration, a positioning of the slip die 100 in a preferred casting position is sketched, in which the toilet bowl is poured upside down. Of course, casting and / or demolding may also be performed with other orientations of the slip die 100.

The molded parts, in particular in a section facing the mold space 109, consist of a permeable material which lets fluid contained in the slip pass, but allows solid particles of the slip to deposit on the upper side. On the back or on the outside, the molded parts 101, 103, 105, 107 are arranged, in particular fastened, on in each case one molded part envelope 102, 104, 106 and 108, respectively. The molded part sheaths 102, 104, 106, 108 are designed to attach stamps on the outside, in particular press dies 115-118, in order to firmly clamp the shaped parts 101, 103, 105, 107 against each other during the slip casting. The molded part sheaths 102, 104, 106, 108 may be part of a receptacle for a die casting mold 101 in a slip die casting plant. However, such a receptacle can also be formed independently of further components of a slip-die casting installation, which are designed to hold and adjust the molded parts 101, 103, 105, 107 together with the molded part envelopes 102, 104, 106 and 108, respectively. A slurry feed pipe 114 leads through one, for example a second, of the mold parts 103 coming from the outside to the mold space 109. Via the slurry feed pipe 114, slip is injected into the mold space 109 during die casting to form a cast therein , About the mold parts 101, 103, 105, 107 and an outlet 123 liquid is discharged from the slurry to the outside.

The mold space 109 is formed in the exemplary slip die 100 for molding a toilet bowl as an exemplary casting 110. A portion of the cavity 109 serves to form a bowl portion 111 which in reverse use position forms the actual toilet bowl. In addition, the mold space 109 serves to form an outlet tube section 112, which leads away from the bowl section 111 laterally and in the use position below. In this case, the outlet tube section 112 leads from the bottom upwards in the position of use and, roughly expressed schematically, has a serpentine shape with a bend formed only upwards and then backwards. Optionally, a further section of the mold space 109 may be formed as a front footrest, which in the position of use is formed obliquely forward and downward.

A peculiarity of the exemplary toilet bowl is that a rearward and in use position upwardly directed bowl wall 113 is formed as obliquely rearwardly extending bowl wall 113 above the outlet pipe section 112.

In this arrangement, therefore, on the one hand, an upper-side section or, in the illustration, a lower one Section of the outlet pipe section 112 and adjacent to the inclined bowl wall 113 at an angle diverge away from each other obliquely back away. At the same time, the wall of the inclined bowl wall 113 extends at an oblique angle α to the demoulding direction of the adjacent first mold part 101 and the wall of the outlet pipe section 112 at an even greater angle thereto. This results in an undercut wall of the toilet bowl 111, wherein at the same time from the view of a laterally arranged fourth of the mold parts 107 an undercut wall formed by the portion of the outlet pipe section 112.

The resulting space between the oblique bowl wall 113 and the outlet tube section 112 can not be occupied by a molding section, which after casting by simple linear movement of the first or fourth mold part 101, 107 in mutually perpendicular adjustment direction as the first or second direction x, y is removable. Therefore, an additional molding 119 is used in this space and in particular somewhat across the space outside the undercut area.

The exemplary additional molding 119 in this case has one of its walls, which rests against a wall of the first molding 101. The remaining wall sections of the additional molding 119 face the mold space 109, in particular its sections for forming the outlet pipe section 112 and the inclined wall 113 of the bowl.

The additional molding 119 has a molding holding device 120, which leads away from the additional molding 119 in the lateral direction and up to an outside of the or the mold part holding device 120 adjacent mold parts 101, 103 leads.

On the outside of the slip-die 100 engages on the molding support means 120 by way of example a holding member 121 for the molding-holding device. The connection between the molded part holding device 120 and the holding element 121 may be articulated and / or detachable from each other.

Instead of a holding element 121, any other connection arrangement can be provided, in particular linkage and / or gripping arrangement, which always hold the molded part holding device 120 and the additional molded part 119 in a defined position or can adjust it between different positions.

The holding element 121 leads to a drive 122, which is designed, for example, by an electric motor and allows a controlled adjustment of the additional molded part 119 via the intermediate components.

The first of the mold parts 101 is adjustable together with the first mold part enclosure 102 in a first direction x, for example vertically downwards. The opposing second mold part 103 may be stationarily fixedly arranged in a frame of a press arrangement or slip-die casting plant, but alternatively may also be arranged to be adjustable along the direction x in particular. The two other exemplary illustrated third and fourth mold parts 105, 107 and their molding sheaths 106 and 108 are in one or along a second direction y adjustable, the second direction y preferably perpendicular to the first direction x. In the closed position acts over the Pressing force 115 - 118 applied on the outside bears in each case a pressing force Fp on the mold parts 101, 103, 105, 107 in the direction of the mold space 109 and thus against the slip pressure which prevails in the mold space 109 during the pressure casting.

Fig. 2 FIG. 12 shows a situation of a process step which serves to demould the casting 110 after the completion of the slip die casting. By way of example, the first shaped part 101 is moved away from the other shaped parts 103, 105, 107 along the first direction x. In this case, retaining forces Fh still act on the remaining molded parts 103, 105, 107 for support.

The additional molding 119 is still held by the holding assembly of the holding member 121 and the drive 122 via the molding support means 120 in the casting position. As can be seen, an adjustment of the additional molding in the first direction x or the second direction y would not be possible. An adjustment direction or demolding direction r for the additional molding 119 leads obliquely to both the first and the second direction x, y at an angle to these.

Fig. 3 shows a subsequent process step in which the additional molding 119 is moved away in its Entformungsrichtung r of the casting 110. This is done in particular automatically with the aid of the drive 122.

In the subsequent course of the process, the remaining mold parts 103, 105, 107 are also moved away from the casting 110, wherein a holding device or rest for the casting 110 is placed under the casting between the mentioned process steps.

Fig. 4 shows a later or earlier process step in which the components of the slip die 100 be assembled. In this case, by way of example only, the additional molded part 119 is already brought into a defined position relative to the first molded part 101 by means of the adjusting arrangement or of the retaining element 121 and of the drive 122. Subsequently, the opposite second mold part 103 is placed on this arrangement by means of an adjusting force Fm. In further method steps, the third and the fourth shaped part 105, 107 are then applied to the arrangement from the sides in order to completely close the slip die 100. In principle, a rectilinear adjustment movement along the demolding direction r can also be provided during the movement of the additional molding 119. However, any other adjustment directions r1 for adjusting the holding element 121 and above the additional molding 119 may be provided so that it can assume any positions in space, if desired and required. The said movements for assembling are also modifiable, in particular also reversible.

Fig. 4 shows a front-side outer wall of the first mold part enclosure 102, which extends in the drawing, front side upwards to a mounting height of the additional molding 119 and its protruding molding support means 120. The first molding enclosure 102 has in its upper side Wall on a recess which serves to receive the molding support means 120. As a result, in the closed state of the slip die 100, the molded part holding device 120 can extend to the outside of the enclosing molded part sheaths 102, 104 or protrude out of them in order to be grasped or held by the holding element 120.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 Slip-die 101 first molding 102 first molding cladding 103 second molding 104 second molding cladding 105 third molding 106 third molding cladding 107 fourth molding 108 fourth molding cladding 109 cavity 110 casting 111 bowl portion 112 Outlet pipe portion 113 sloping bowl wall 114 Slurry feed pipe 115-118 press die 119 Additional molding 120 Molding retainer 121 Holding element for molding holding device 122 drive 123 outlet x first direction y second direction r Deformation direction for additional molding r1 adjustment fh holding force fm adjusting fp pressing force α Angle of the sloping bowl wall to the first direction

Claims (10)

Slip die (100) with - a mold space (109) for die-casting a casting (110) and the mold space (109) in a Druckgießstellung enclosing mold parts (101, 103, 105, 107), - Wherein a first of the mold parts (101) in a first direction (x) is adjustable,
characterized in that an additional molded part (119) is arranged in the pressure casting position between a section of the first molded part (101) facing the mold space (109) and the forming space (109), - wherein the additional molding (119) at least during a first demolding step in a Entformungsrichtung (r) with both a directional component in the first direction (x) and additionally a directional component in a second direction (y) perpendicular to the first direction (x) is adjustable. Die-casting mold (100) according to claim 1, wherein the first mold part (101) is adjustable only along the first direction (x) and the additional molding (119) is adjustable at least during the first demolding step exclusively in the demolding (r). Die-casting mold (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the additional molding (119) and the first mold part (101) are formed in the casting position, a portion of the mold space (109) spaced from each other to surround that part of the mold space for forming a molding portion (113) extending both obliquely to the first direction (x) and obliquely to the second direction (y). A die-casting mold (100) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the auxiliary molding (119) comprises a molding fixture (120) extending laterally across the first direction (x) to an outer periphery of the first molding (101) or further than an outer periphery of the first mold part (101) or a mold part enclosure (102) of the first mold part (101) extends. Die-casting mold (100) according to any preceding claim, wherein the additional molding (119) has a widening in Entformungsrichtung (r) contour. Schlicker die casting machine with - A receptacle for at least one die according to any preceding claim and - A holding and adjusting device (122) for temporarily holding the additional molding (119) and for adjusting the additional molding (119) in a demolding step in a Entformungsrichtung (r) with both a directional component in a first direction (x) than also in addition a directional component in a second direction (y) perpendicular to the first direction (x). Die casting plant according to claim 6, wherein the holding and adjusting device (122) has a drive for the automated adjustment of the additional molding (119). Die casting plant according to claim 6, wherein the holding and adjusting device (122) has a mechanism for manually adjusting the additional molding (119). Die casting machine according to claim 6 to 8, wherein the receptacle the first mold part (101) for demolding with the first direction (x) in a downward direction, in particular vertically downwards away from the mold space, holds or leads. Die casting method with a die according to one of claims 1 to 5 or in a die casting machine according to any one of claims 6 to 9, after casting a casting (110) in the steps Removing the first molding (101) in a first direction (x) away from a molding space (109), - At least initially holding an additional molding (119) on the mold space (109) and - Then removing the additional molding (119) in a Entformungsrichtung (r) with both a directional component in the first direction (x) and additionally a directional component in a second direction (y) perpendicular to the first direction (x).

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