EP2635869A2 - Système et procédé d'introduction d'air pour tours de refroidissement - Google Patents

Système et procédé d'introduction d'air pour tours de refroidissement

Info

Publication number
EP2635869A2
EP2635869A2 EP11779385.1A EP11779385A EP2635869A2 EP 2635869 A2 EP2635869 A2 EP 2635869A2 EP 11779385 A EP11779385 A EP 11779385A EP 2635869 A2 EP2635869 A2 EP 2635869A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
aerodynamic
rain
cooling tower
tower
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP11779385.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Graf
Klemens Fisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kernkraftwerk Gosgen-Daniken AG
KERNKRAFTWERK LEIBSTADT AG
KERNKRAFTWERK GOESGEN DAENIKEN AG
Original Assignee
Kernkraftwerk Gosgen-Daniken AG
KERNKRAFTWERK LEIBSTADT AG
KERNKRAFTWERK GOESGEN DAENIKEN AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kernkraftwerk Gosgen-Daniken AG, KERNKRAFTWERK LEIBSTADT AG, KERNKRAFTWERK GOESGEN DAENIKEN AG filed Critical Kernkraftwerk Gosgen-Daniken AG
Priority to EP11779385.1A priority Critical patent/EP2635869A2/fr
Publication of EP2635869A2 publication Critical patent/EP2635869A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/10—Component parts of trickle coolers for feeding gas or vapour
    • F28F25/12—Ducts; Guide vanes, e.g. for carrying currents to distinct zones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
    • E04H5/12—Cooling towers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/02—Streamline-shaped elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49352—Repairing, converting, servicing or salvaging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the removal of waste heat from plants such as power plants and industrial plants. In particular, but not exclusively, it refers to the promotion of cooling air through so-called wet or natural draft cooling towers.
  • the discharge of the heat of condensation of the working fluid to the environment is usually carried out in several steps: first, condensation of the vapor on the outer surface of the condenser tubes, heat conduction through the tube material to the tube inside, heat transfer through
  • Condenser tubes must be pumped. Has a power plant, for example, one electrical power of 1000 MWe, occurs at a good
  • the heated cooling water originating from the process flows for the greater part as film flow from above downwards on a wet surface against an upward flowing air flow.
  • the air flow is generated by fans or in high towers by natural chimney effect or in combination of both.
  • Heat transfer from the cooling medium to the upwardly flowing air is largely due to its evaporation in the air flow, and since the
  • Another cooling concept consists of dry / wet hybrid cooling towers, which are mainly used to eliminate or at least reduce the visible wet-air flag of the wet cooling towers. Again, the required amount of air is very large, usually twice as large as the amount of air of a power equivalent wet cooling tower. In locations where the evaporative cooling
  • the amount of air is therefore an important parameter for the design and operation of all types of cooling towers and determines their physical size and cost, including the built-up area that such facilities require.
  • the promotion of large volumes of air is a challenging task for the development of the towers.
  • several influences play a major role, especially those of the meteorological boundary conditions, which are closely linked to the function of the tower.
  • the towers must not only be able to reliably absorb the heat load and release it to the atmosphere in a wide range of meteorological temperatures and wind forces, they also have to face this task in special situations such as heavy icing in winter or storm
  • the cooling performance is not only dependent on the size of internals such as the exchange surface, but can also be increased by increasing the amount of air.
  • the annular flange of DE1501396 has the disadvantage that it must be adapted exactly to the dimensions of a particular cooling tower, and already designed and built in the construction of the cooling tower.
  • a further disadvantage of the annular flange of DE1501396 is that the desired air flow is dependent on the formation of a "dead zone" of stagnant air below the flange Cross-flow air (wind) can interfere with such stagnant zones or prevent their formation Flange can also be easily affected by icing or snow load. These impacts or loads (by ice or snow, for example) are also transferred directly to the bottom of the mantle.This lower region of the mantle is just where the whole The weight of the mantle (eg 20,000 tons or more) is distributed over many columns, which is why this region of the mantle is one of those where the structural design is most critical, and where the structural design is not to be affected by indeterminate forces or other interference not necessarily that the structure could be at risk, but that the inspected and the B However, the approved structural design is not changed to require
  • the air supply in the cooling tower can also be severely affected by the rain in the rain area.
  • From the British patent GB374077 it is known to increase the amount of air that can flow through a wet cooling tower by allowing the cooling water in the lower wet area to flow together as larger droplets.
  • Another solution can be found in the German patent DE1059941, in which the cooling water is trapped and drained over the entire lower wet area by grooves.
  • both systems have large installations, which are bound with very great effort and high costs.
  • the invention provides a system for
  • Cooling tower which cooling tower has a tower shell, wherein the system comprises a plurality of aerodynamic modules, which are releasably attachable to at least one edge of the air inlet opening of the cooling tower, wherein each of the plurality of aerodynamic modules has a bypass surface, which is designed so that they are in use of the
  • Aerodynamic module that redirects air flowing into the cooling tower around the said edge.
  • the cooling tower in the interior of a heat exchange system with a rain area and an air inlet, through which air inlet region, the air is sucked into the rain area, the system at least one
  • Regensamme element has, which can be arranged in the rain area such that, during operation of the heat exchange system, the Regensammeielement at least a portion of the raindrops in
  • Air intake area collects and dissipates.
  • the invention provides a method for improving the aerodynamic supply of cooling air from the environment of a cooling tower through an air inflow opening into the interior of the
  • Cooling tower which cooling tower has a tower shell, the method having a mounting step in which a plurality of
  • Aerodynamic modules are attached to at least one edge of the air inlet opening of the cooling tower, wherein each of the plurality of Aerodynamic modules has a diversion, which is designed so that they are in the use of the aerodynamic module in the cooling tower
  • the cooling tower in the interior of a heat exchange system with a
  • the method comprises a second step, in which at least one Regensammeielement is arranged in the rain area such that, during operation of the
  • the Regensammeielement collects and dissipates at least a portion of the raindrops in the air inlet region.
  • said assembly step has a first step, in which a
  • a plurality of fasteners are attached to the outside of the tower shell, and a second step in which the
  • Aerodynamic modules are attached to the fasteners.
  • each of the plurality of aerodynamic modules is formed as a hollow body.
  • the hollow bodies form or have at least one line guide for the passage of lines, tubes or cables.
  • the hollow bodies have water passages and / or drainage openings.
  • each of the plurality of aerodynamic modules has a deflecting surface and a deflecting surface, the deflecting surface is formed so that when using said each aerodynamic module at the lower edge of the tower shell, the air flowing down the tower cup is deflected by a deflection distance pushes radially outwards, and the deflection surface is formed so that they mentioned insert the pressed from the deflection surface to the outside air along a deflection curvature in the air inlet opening passes.
  • said deflecting surface is formed such that along the outer surface of the
  • Discontinuity can be smoothly transferred to the deflection surface and pushed outwards by a deflection distance.
  • the aerodynamic modules are formed in such a way and can be attached to one another such that the hollow bodies of the aerodynamic modules can be walked on by humans
  • the aerodynamic modules are next to each other in a composition
  • composition has a plurality of intermediate gaps between the aerodynamic modules.
  • a lower edge of the air inlet opening is provided with an aerodynamic Umleitrampe, which Umleitrampe the incoming cooling air bypasses the lower edge of the Lufteinströmungsö Maschinentechnisch.
  • the invention also provides for providing an aerodynamic module which is formed such that it can be detachably fastened to at least one edge of the air inflow opening of a cooling tower, wherein the aerodynamic module has at least one diverting surface which is designed in such a way that it can be used when using the aerodynamic module Aerodynamic module in the
  • Cooling tower diverts incoming air around the said edge.
  • the aerodynamic module has a side flange for stiffening the aerodynamic module, wherein the side flange protrudes from the outer surface of the aerodynamic module, and wherein the protruding side flange forms an air guide surface substantially radially to the cooling tower when using the aerodynamic module.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view, partly in cross section, of a typical wet natural draft cooling tower.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the aerodynamics of
  • Figures 3A and 3B show a schematic view of the same air inlet area of a cooling tower, without air introduction measures and with air introduction measures.
  • Figures 4A to 4D show in a schematic view how the global air flow can be improved by the formation of smaller local swirls.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic, perspective view, an embodiment of an air introduction system according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show, in a schematic cross-section, the aerodynamics of an air inlet region, without air introduction measures and with air introduction measures, as an example of an embodiment
  • Air introduction system according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show, in a schematic cross-section, the aerodynamics of an air inlet region, without air introduction measures and with air introduction measures, as an exemplary embodiment of another
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of an aerodynamic module according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows in cross-section how an aerodynamic module shown in FIG. 8 can be mounted.
  • Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the assembly of a series of aerodynamic modules on the lower shell edge of a cooling tower.
  • Figure 1 1 shows a perspective view of how an aerodynamic module shown in Figure 8 can be mounted.
  • FIG. 12 shows, in a perspective view, how a gap between adjacent aerodynamic modules by means of a
  • Cover strip can be closed.
  • FIG. 1 shows as an example a conventional wet-cooling tower 1 with natural draft.
  • a cooling tower shell 2 also called shell or key element
  • Air from the vicinity of the tower is drawn in through the air inflow port 10 (between the pillars and between the shell 2 and the support surface 3).
  • the air flows down through the air inlet opening 10 in the so-called rain chamber 8 of the tower 1, where it is then distributed. From the rain chamber 8, the air rises through the heat exchanger surfaces (the so-called internals 7) upwards, in countercurrent to the downwardly flowing warm water from the condenser.
  • the lighter air in the chimney which is characterized by higher temperature and humidity compared to the ambient air, produces the draft necessary to overcome these pressure losses.
  • the chimney effect is proportional to the height (typically 120m to 180m) of the empty space within the cooling tower shell 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the approximate flow pattern of the air in a conventional conventional one for orientation
  • Natural draft cooling tower Note in Fig. 2 the dense puncturing of the intense rain curtain 13, the front 14 of which, due to the interaction with the incoming air, is closed by, e.g. 30 ° is inclined.
  • the dense puncturing is intended to indicate that the structure of the rain veil due to the associated high flow resistance of the rain against the incoming air to any flow-specific and energetically favorable operation of the cooling tower can contribute.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an air introduction opening 10 of the known cooling tower 1 of FIG. 1.
  • the air inlet opening 10 is made of the
  • Gaps between the underlying surface in this example, the surface 21 of the water in the water basin 9), the lower edge 1 1 of the shell 2, as well as the Schale Bayn 4, which carry the weight of the shell 2 formed.
  • the height of the air inlet opening is referred to as 15.
  • Rain veil 13 falls into the pool 9.
  • the internals 7, spray systems, etc. are supported on a support structure consisting of, for example, several supports 12.
  • a winter line 17 Around the periphery of the installation area can be provided to protect the tower at low temperatures against icing by a hot water veil is generated by slits in the winter line 17.
  • FIG. 2 shows how the air flow, which at the
  • Air inlet opening 10 has a maximum height 15, is then greatly restricted, to a restricted height 16, wherein the air flow is ideally over the entire available height 19 (the distance between the lower surface 20 of the corresponding installation 7 and the surface 21 of the Water in the pool 9) would distribute as evenly as possible.
  • Figures 3B and following show how the efficiency of air inflow (and hence cooling) can be improved in such a way.
  • Rain veil 13 to be designed so that a uniform as possible
  • the rain 13 can be collected by appropriate measures and transformed into strands or the droplet size can be increased in order to reduce the flow resistance of the air through the rain 13.
  • the air can also be directed in the lower region 22 of the inflow opening 10 in such a way that it flows around the obstacles (for example supports 4 or pool edge 23) in the peripheral area of the rain area 8 with little loss.
  • the obstacles for example supports 4 or pool edge 23
  • the aerodynamics of the air inlet opening 10 can also be designed so that the air over the entire open height 15 at the air inlet with as few losses, detachments and constrictions around the supports 4 of the cooling tower shell 2 and supports 12 of the internals 7 can flow around.
  • FIG. 3A again shows, in a simplified form, the arrangement of the various elements forming the air inflow opening 10 of the known cooling tower of FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the shell 2 is supported on supports 4, and has a lower edge (edge) 1 1.
  • Rain 13 falls from fixtures 7 into the water basin 9.
  • the wall of the water basin 9 also has an upper edge 23, which also forms an obstacle against the inflow of air.
  • FIG. 3B shows various measures which the
  • aerodynamic modules 25, 24 are arranged on the outside of the shell 2 and on the ground to the
  • Regensammei institute 30 are constructed so that the cooling air in the
  • Air inflow (thanks to the aerodynamic modules 24, 25) on the one hand, with the low-rain, air-permeable region 29 (thanks to the Regensammei institute 30) on the other hand, creates an interaction of the two measures, which leads to an even higher air flow, as the sum of the air flow improvements through the individual
  • FIG. 3B also shows the shape of the aerodynamic modules 25, which are attached to the outside of the shell 2.
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 are each as an approximate
  • This outwardly depressed air is then called by the lower guide surface 26, also deflection, deflected by a curvature, so that the air flowing into the interior air is diverted smoothly as possible without narrowing around the edge 1 1 of the shell 2.
  • Air inflow port 10 may also be provided with one or more
  • Aerodynamic modules 24 are provided.
  • In this example is a
  • Aerodynamic module 24 shown which is built as a ramp. As a result, the inflowing air is smoothly transferred over the wall of the water basin 9 (edge 23) and the constriction which otherwise results from the abrupt basin edge 23 can be reduced in this way.
  • the air flow resistance of the rain in the cooling tower is approximately proportional to the rain density and at constant rain density inversely proportional to the average diameter of the droplets. Larger droplets provide a smaller overall surface for the air, while they are less numerous at the same rainfall density. Therefore, there is a possibility herein to reduce the air resistance and to influence the dripping at the position 41 below the internals 7 so that larger droplets arise. In this case, the formation of large drops is promoted by defined dripping points and by their shape (indicated in Figure 3b and in Figures 5 and 6b a sawtooth-shaped termination in the exchange surface of the internals 7).
  • collecting channels 40 can be suspended in order to produce streams of water which likewise form lower resistance to the air flow (this is also indicated in FIG. 7B).
  • Tilted collecting surfaces which deliver the water into the gutters as sketched in FIG. 5, offer a certain simplification of the invention
  • the grooves 40 and surfaces can be directed so that they also serve as a guide to the inflowing air and therefore to the conversion of the dynamic portion of the air flow into working static
  • Pressure differences act and can further improve the pressure conditions.
  • Other designs and variants are possible, which fulfill the basic function, namely reduction of the interaction between air and rain. So you can, among other things, the collected water from the gutters drained controlled by pipes.
  • the cooling capacity ie the heat flow during the heat exchange between rain and air in the rain zone, is usually below 10% of the cooling capacity between water in the built-in area of the tower and rising air. For larger towers this cooling effect causes a additional lowering of the cold water temperature in the peripheral area of the rain veil. As a result, however, the radially flowing air heats up
  • the rain collecting elements are installed only in the peripheral area of the rain area, and since the pool is preferably maintained anyway, the rain collecting elements as
  • Retrofit system can be installed without the whole rain and
  • the profile bodies (aerodynamic modules) 25 are intended to divert as far as possible the vertical portion 18 (see FIG. 2) of the airflow in the peripheral area so that the air with low loss upon arrival into the opening of the building over the entire clear height 19 is largely horizontal,
  • the geometric extension of the profile body 25 can be made compact, but they can be designed by a sufficient size so that a
  • the profile body 25 should be provided as possible outside the inner surface of the cooling tower shell, so as not to interfere with the function of the inner cooling tower facilities, such. B. a possibly existing winter ring line 17, to interfere with a frost
  • the aerodynamic module 25 shown in FIG. 3B is provided with a deflection profile 26, which is formed with a plurality of individual deflection surfaces 26.
  • steps 33 will now be described with reference to Figs. 4A to 4D.
  • Figures 4A and 4A show the air flow around a substantial continuous diverting surface. If the curvature of the deflection surface is smaller than a certain radius (depending on the air flow velocity), small whirls flattened against the deflection surface 26 (also called whirlpools) can occur, which can obstruct the macro-level air flow and which do not cause the desired air flow deflection promote.
  • the diverting surfaces may be provided with one or more discontinuities (steps) 33 to form a vortex 32 in each stage.
  • steps 33 Such vortices work in a similar way to the "stagnant air" mentioned above, but are much smaller, they are through the steps 33 are at least partially shielded from the cross wind, and are not affected by external gusts, etc.
  • the desired deflection curvature of the lower deflection surface 26 therefore does not necessarily have to be formed as a continuous curvature. It may advantageously be formed of a plurality of flat surfaces which are at a certain angle to each other.
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of aerodynamic modules 25 on the lower edge 11 of a tower shell 2.
  • the aerodynamic modules (three are visible in FIG. 5) are mounted side by side on the outer surface and on the edge 11 of the shell 2.
  • the weight of the shell is supported on supports 4. Air from the vicinity of the cooling tower flows through the air inflow opening 10 into the rain area 8.
  • the rain area 8 has a low-rain area 29, thanks to
  • Regensammeietti 30 (only symbolically indicated in Figure 5), and an area 13, where the rain still falls in full flow from the internals 7.
  • the incoming air flows unobstructed and unhindered through the low-rain area 29 into the inner rain area 13, where it is pulled upwards.
  • the inflowing air also flows substantially unhindered through the Regensammei institute 30.
  • Air velocity of the incoming air is approximately in relation to
  • each of the aerodynamic modules 25 may be mounted separately on the outer surface of the shell.
  • This modular design has the advantage that each aerodynamic module 25 can be lifted and handled relatively easily.
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 can also be easily dismantled or replaced.
  • Diameter could be the lower circumference of the shell with, for example, between 3 and 500 separately mountable aerodynamic modules provided.
  • the mass of the aerodynamic modules are chosen to be so proportionate (e.g., between 1/20 and 1/300 of the circumference of the shell) that the overall composition of the aerodynamic modules can be easily and quickly assembled.
  • the construction of the aerodynamic modules 25 will be described below.
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 can have side flanges 27, which can serve, for example, for connecting the adjacent aerodynamic modules 25 and / or form an additional guide surface, around the incoming air in the vicinity of the aerodynamic modules 25 in a radial direction to direct (the direction radially from the central axis of the cooling tower to the outside).
  • FIG. 5 also shows some examples of how the cross-sectional shape of the aerodynamic modules 25 can be formed. The top of the three
  • Formbesipiele is provided with a lower guide flange.
  • the lowest of the three forms is mounted at a small distance to the shell surface. This distance can serve as a water passage, for example.
  • FIG. 5 also shows various possible variants of the rain collecting elements 30.
  • a plurality of, for example, U- or V-shaped grooves 40 can be mounted in the rain area, or a plurality of dripping elements 41. It is also possible to mount sloping collecting surfaces (upper figure) so that the collected rain runs in the channels 40, from which it is derived.
  • FIG. 5 shows in cross section a number of examples of how the aerodynamics of the shell supports 4 can be improved.
  • Aerodynamic profiles 34 and 35 are at the front and rear of the appropriate Schale Mains attached, so that less restriction also takes place here by the air flowing around the Schale Mainn.
  • FIG. 6A again shows the air inflow in a cooling tower without aerodynamic improvement measures.
  • Figure 6B shows as an example how this air inflow can be improved by the application of one or more of the mapped measures.
  • aerodynamic modules 25 are mounted on the shell 2, a deflecting ramp 24 on the ground, rain collecting elements 40 in the rain area 8 and aerodynamic profiles 34 on the shell supports 4.
  • the shell 2 a deflecting ramp 24 on the ground
  • rain collecting elements 40 in the rain area 8 and aerodynamic profiles 34 on the shell supports 4.
  • the deflection ramp 24 in Figure 6B is formed as a flat ramp, but could have a different shape, such as the diverter ramp in Figure 7B.
  • the rain density in the periphery is reduced by adjusting the spraying and dripping element 41 for
  • the Abtropfstellen and the drop size are approximately predetermined by the geometry of the saw-shaped terminations.
  • the dripping element can be hung on the same structure as the internals 7 by stainless ropes or rods.
  • FIG. 7A again shows the air inflow in a cooling tower without aerodynamic improvement measures.
  • Figure 7B shows, as a further example, how this air inflow can be improved by the application of one or more of the measures depicted.
  • aerodynamic modules 25 on the shell 2 one
  • the rain collecting elements are formed as grooves 40, which could possibly also be enriched with Regensammei Jerusalem.
  • the turning ramps 24 in Figure 7B may be constructed, for example, of solid concrete, asphalt or the like around the feet 37 of the shell supports.
  • the deflection ramp is mechanically isolated from the wall of the water basin 9, so that at different thermal expansion coefficients no undesirable mechanical stresses between the ramp 24 and water basin is formed.
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 may be constructed as solids, preferably of a lightweight, weather-resistant material such as Styrofoam, so that the total weight of the aerodynamic modules 25 around the circumference of the cooling tower does not adversely affect the structural integrity of the shell.
  • the aerodynamic modules can be built as a hollow or profile body.
  • FIG. 8 shows as an exemplary embodiment such as an aerodynamic module 25, e.g. can be formed from sheet metal.
  • the aerodynamic module 25 can be made of other suitable materials, such as fiberglass (GRP) or
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 may typically be about 3m high, and for example 2m wide.
  • the cavity between the two aerodynamic modules 25 may typically be about 3m high, and for example 2m wide.
  • Aerodynamic module 25 and the shell 2 may be formed so that it is accessible to humans.
  • the cooling tower is rebuilt with side-by-side mounted aerodynamic modules 25, the assembled cavities form a walk-in tunnel.
  • a close inspection of the aerodynamic modules from the inside and / or the shell 2 from the outside is made possible.
  • the deflection surface can also be provided with steps 33, as described above.
  • the aerodynamic module shown in FIG. 8 has two side flanges 27. Such flanges can increase the stiffness of the
  • the flanges 27 may also serve to interconnect side-by-side mounted aerodynamic modules 25 by interconnecting adjacent flanges 27. However, it is advantageous to leave a column 48 (see FIG. 10) between adjacent aerodynamic modules 25, leaving enough room for thermal expansion or contraction, so that no
  • the aerodynamic module 25 of FIG. 8 has, for example, a fastening lip 42.
  • the function of this lip 42 is explained in more detail in FIG. In this example, the aerodynamic module 25 is on
  • each aerodynamic module 25 may be preliminarily suspended before being screwed or otherwise secured to, for example, the lower attachment portion 47.
  • FIG. 9 shows, in a simplified, schematic view, how an aerodynamic module 25 can be fastened to the shell 2.
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 are releasably secured to a fastener 44, 45, 47 so that they are secured at the top by the upper mounting lips 42, 44 and at the bottom by the fastener 47, for example screws 51.
  • Adjustment elements may also adjust the distance between the mounting lip 44 and the attachment member 47 as needed.
  • Figure 9 also shows how a transitional pad 43 over the
  • Aerodynamic module 25 can be attached to the shell 2 and / or optionally to the aerodynamic module 25 to smoothly bridge the transition from the profile of the shell 2 to the profile of the aerodynamic module 25 so that no possible discontinuity of the surface between the shell 2 and the aerodynamic module 25 is formed ,
  • the transitional place can also be in
  • Aerodynamic module can be integrated by the upper edge of the
  • Aerodynamic module is formed so that it can be attached to the outer surface of the shell 2 without significant discontinuity.
  • the angle ⁇ between the outer surface of the shell 2 and the upper deflection surface 28 can also be selected so that such icing damage the deflection surface 28 of the aerodynamic module 25 as little as possible.
  • the angle ⁇ is between 10 ° and 40 ° .
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably between 15 ° and 30 ° .
  • the deflecting surface 28 shown in FIG. 9 is flat and flat, so that the production of the aerodynamic module can be simplified.
  • the deflection surface can also be formed differently, for example with a convex or concave curvature.
  • the transition between deflecting surface 28 and deflection surface 26 can be used as an inflection point or inflexion region or inflection region 52 between the Surfaces are viewed.
  • the curvature of the deflection surface between Inflexionstician 52 and the lower edge of the deflection must not be constant, one can speak of an average curvature, with a radius 38.
  • the average radius of curvature 38 of the deflection 26 must of course to the geometry of the cooling tower, as well as to the Air inflow rate, etc. are adjusted. In a natural draft cooling tower, for example, the radius of curvature of the deflection surface could be between 0.8m to 2m. This radius of curvature 38 is also bound to the deflection distance 39.
  • the deflection surface is intended to deflect the air flowing down the shell outwards before it
  • deflection distance can be between 0.8 and 2m.
  • FIG. 10 shows how several aerodynamic modules 25 can be mounted side by side on the lower edge of a tower shell 2.
  • the fasteners 50 are first attached to the tower shell 2. Preferably, they are attached to existing attachment points in the tower shell 2. Often tower shells were cast in concrete, and the necessary formwork was usually held together temporarily by screws or other fasteners through the concrete. Such screws are often embedded in concrete after construction, and offer very stable attachment points. Where such screws have been removed, often the corresponding openings (holes) remain, which are also suitable (for example with dowels) as attachment points for the aerodynamic modules 25. Otherwise, the fasteners 50 with adhesive (such as epoxy), or through the hole new (smallest possible) mounting holes are attached. One tries thereby to impair the statics of the shell as little as possible.
  • adhesive such as epoxy
  • FIG. 10 also shows how the aerodynamic modules 25 do not have to be mounted close to one another.
  • columns 48 are between aerodynamic modules 25. These columns 48, which may be 5mm to 40mm wide, for example, may serve as thermal expansion gaps. If the aerodynamic modules 25 are made of metal, for example, and the tower shell 2 of reinforced concrete, the aerodynamic modules 25 become Such expansion gaps 48 can therefore avoid that such additional thermal stresses in the aerodynamic modules 25 are introduced into the structural design of the tower shell.
  • the gaps 48 may also be covered, for example by means of a capping strip 49, to improve the air flow and / or to allow water to enter the interior of e.g. hollow body of the aerodynamic module 25 to avoid.
  • FIGS 10 and 11 also show somewhat more detail of how the aerodynamic modules 25 can be attached or attached to the outer surface of the shell 2.
  • each fastener 50 is formed so that it can hold two adjacent aerodynamic modules. In this way one can make an adjustment or an alignment of the lower and / or upper edges of the adjacent ones
  • Fastening elements 50 are preassembled on the tower shell 2.
  • Adjustment elements (not shown), the distance between the mounting lip 44 and mounting members 46, 47 can be adjusted as needed, for example, to compensate for unevenness of the surface of the tower shell and / or different dimensions of the aerodynamic modules 25.
  • the air inflow system, method and aerodynamic module 25 of the invention have been described above by way of example. Further explanation of the effect and the advantages of the invention will now be described in more detail below:
  • the design of the profile body 25 can according to Figure 3b and 4A to 4D made so that the air flow during the acceleration phase at the air inlet 10 as closely as possible to the optimally shaped interface or guide surface of the internals 7 rests without detachment. Even before the point at which a tearing off of the flow becomes unavoidable, the flow continues to be tightly bound to the profile bodies 100 by means of one or multiple detachment steps.
  • a baffle 27 (Figure 7b) may be required.
  • This device may consist of simple flat surfaces or slightly curved plates, which are for trimming the
  • Air distribution can be used. It can also be designed as a replacement for one of the above-described steps of the profile body 33 or for their support by further detachment steps.
  • the baffle plate 27 can also be designed in cold climatic regions with regard to possible snow loads.
  • Cooling tower inlets are typically 300 meters and more.
  • Protective cover be provided with a steep angle, and if necessary self-disposing designed so that they prevent any deposits or deposits would immediately slide off the molds without maintenance, before they could solidify.
  • a particular problem that occurs during frosty weather in natural draft cooling towers is the formation of icicles around the orifice around the crown of the tower shell. These icicles dissolve and fall down as ice projectiles from the top at high speed. The ice blocks fall along the outer wall of the shell and can strike the influx aids with great force and falling speeds of about 200 km / h.
  • Known Bell Mouth inlets would be such
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 can be designed with protective covers to deflect such ice projectiles.
  • the chosen design also provides for the production of impact resistant, tough material to remain stable in hail or icing.
  • the upper edge of the air inlet openings 10 is seen from the perspective of a highly loaded element, the large loads, especially in stormy winds, possibly even strong shaking, as in earthquakes, may be exposed. Additional loads should be kept as small as possible, and the concrete parts of the tower should preferably not be dowelled and drilled. Therefore, the aerodynamic modules 25 can be performed in lightweight as a hollow body. For the attachment existing existing from the original slip casing holes can be used to no further, adverse to the static changes in the
  • the design of the aerodynamic modules 25 as "closed" inflow aids is to be considered advantageous for the corrosion protection of the underlying concrete structure and for the fastening structure made of steel. These are hardly ever come into contact with rainwater and are thus exposed to environmental influences such as the interplay of rain, snow, sun and wind to a much lesser extent.
  • the size and stability of the inflow allows the visit by a person inside to future in case of need the part of
  • Covered concrete shell including the attachment structure to be able to examine.
  • the deflection plate 27 described above can be suspended just below the profile body 25 so that it is also protected by the upper deflection surface 28 and not destroyed by ice impacts.
  • the aerodynamic modules 25 can therefore be equipped with radial guide plates or fins 27 (this is clearly illustrated in FIG. 5). Such guide plates or fins 27 stabilize the near-surface air flow so far that
  • the aerodynamic modules may be provided with a water drainage system to allow water to flow either around the aerodynamic modules 25 or through the aerodynamic modules 25.
  • a column can be left open, so that the rainwater freely behind the
  • Aerodynamic module 25 can flow. There are also specially designed drains in the form of gaps or holes in the lower part of the
  • Aerodynamic module 25 The Aerodynamic Aerodynamic module 25.
  • the vote on a total measure takes place in new buildings from the design engineering of the tower, retrofits after an assessment engineering of the existing situation, and in both cases by optimally designed in particular the rain density distribution within the tower and the design of the internals to a maximum to achieve benefits in terms of cooling capacity in the newly built or retrofitted existing cooling tower.
  • corresponding mathematical tools as well as databases derived from measurements have been developed, from which the various parameters of the measures (depth and extent of the effects on the rain, degree of action on the wind profile, extent of measures for the use of the dynamic component of the pressure) as well as the adjustments to the tower (Rain density distribution and changes in the installation) can be derived.
  • Coordination in retrofit projects thus includes the detection of the actual state of the tower before and during the various stages of retrofitting.
  • These include instruments suitable for use in the rain, such as a rain pit pitot 53 for measuring air velocity and static pressure in intensive rain.
  • the sensor heads of these instruments are characterized in that they can separate the measuring process from the rain impact according to shape and size and, undisturbed by the rain, record the values of the air parameters (static pressure and dynamic pressure). It uses the existing air flow in the tower to generate the required for the measurement of air flow through the instruments. Similarly, the air temperature is recorded unaltered by the rainfall.
  • the elements can be hung and / or fixed so that they can be flexibly adapted to different locations of attachment points, even if the position of these attachment points has a greater tolerance.
  • the cooling towers are accordingly apparatuses of very large dimensions, probably the largest thermodynamic apparatuses that exist at all and whose metrological detection is very problematic. Particularly difficult is the measurement of the physical parameters within the rain chamber, which has typical dimensions of 8 to 12 m in height and horizontal diameters of 22 to 120 m.
  • the rain in the rain chamber of the tower considerably complicates the air measurements, because the rain density in the tower with up to 5.0 kg / m2s is more than 1 1 times more intense than the density of the hitherto maximum observed tropical rain (as an absolute record 1947 in Schangdi, China Density of 0.12 kg / m2s of tropical rain measured).
  • Measuring sensors were designed in such a way that the influence of the water in the measurements of the air parameters could be completely excluded, see for example the rain space pitot sensor 155 in FIG. 5.
  • Losses are concentrated in a radial range from the frontline of the rain to about 5 m depth into the rain where there is a visible interaction with strong turbulent
  • Structural obstacles further promote the undesirable inhomogeneous distribution of airspeed.
  • the losses from the rain are largely dissipative and can not be recovered.
  • the measures described above can be adapted individually or in combination to different sizes and shapes of rain and peripheral areas, eg. B. on wet, dry and hybrid coolers with natural or fan-generated draft. They should also in systems that are equipped with sound insulation, and in particular for new buildings as well as existing facilities, as
  • They can preferably be designed so that they perform their task in all meteorological conditions, in winter operation against snow loads by external and against ice loads through internal measures, if possible over the entire life of the power plant or other
  • the measures can preferably be designed so that they can be built inexpensively and with the least possible
  • Such measures may also be adapted to other types and shapes of coolers, such as cell cooling towers, which are generally rectangular in plan, or to air condensers and various types of fan coolers.
  • each tower base diameter or base length of the tower, diameter of the rain veils 13 in the periphery, altitude of air obstacle obstacles on the periphery (lower edge 1 1 of the shell 2 of the tower, Bottom edge 41 of the internals 7, top edge 23 of the pool edge and height of the water level in the basin 9, rain density 13 at the periphery, number and shape of the supports 4 and 12 of the shell 2 or the internals 7), and finally the available chimney effect of the shell. 2 or the corresponding ventilation capacity of the cooling tower.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé pour promouvoir une circulation améliorée et des pertes intérieures de pression d'air réduites provoquées par la pluie (13) dans la zone de pluie (29, 13) d'une tour de refroidissement. Des modules aérodynamiques (25) sont appliqués sur le bord inférieur (11) de la coque (2) de la tour de refroidissement pour dévier l'air circulant vers le bas autour du bord inférieur (11) de la coque (2) de la tour et dans la zone de pluie (29, 13). Les modules aérodynamiques peuvent être montés et remplacés de manière modulaire et ne portent pas préjudice à la statique de construction de la coque de la tour. Les modules aérodynamiques peuvent également être construits sur la surface du sol pour dévier l'afflux d'air au-dessus de tous les obstacles. Des rigoles (40) ou des corps d'égouttage (41) peuvent aussi promouvoir la circulation en réduisant la pluie dans une zone extérieure (29). Les modules aérodynamiques (25), les rigoles (40) et les corps d'égouttage (41) peuvent être installés dans ou à proximité de la zone d'entrée (10) de l'air (10) de la tour de refroidissement (1) où le flux d'air rencontre l'eau de refroidissement. L'accroissement de la circulation d'air dans la tour de refroidissement (1) conduit à une transmission de chaleur améliorée entre l'air et l'eau de refroidissement. Cette puissance de refroidissement améliorée conduit à une plus faible consommation d'énergie primaire et à un meilleur rendement de l'installation.
EP11779385.1A 2010-11-02 2011-11-02 Système et procédé d'introduction d'air pour tours de refroidissement Pending EP2635869A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11779385.1A EP2635869A2 (fr) 2010-11-02 2011-11-02 Système et procédé d'introduction d'air pour tours de refroidissement

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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EP10014199 2010-11-02
EP11779385.1A EP2635869A2 (fr) 2010-11-02 2011-11-02 Système et procédé d'introduction d'air pour tours de refroidissement
PCT/EP2011/069205 WO2012059496A2 (fr) 2010-11-02 2011-11-02 Système et procédé d'introduction d'air pour tours de refroidissement

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CN102789167B (zh) * 2012-08-15 2015-09-30 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 基于超大型冷却塔的雨区阻力系数的工业控制方法
US10222146B2 (en) * 2013-09-12 2019-03-05 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air-to-air heat exchanger bypass for wet cooling tower apparatus and method
CN104713385B (zh) * 2015-03-16 2017-06-20 芜湖凯博实业股份有限公司 一种太阳能冷却进气口的冷凝塔
DE102016102977A1 (de) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 Areva Gmbh Stationäre Messvorrichtung für Kühltürme und Verfahren zum Messen von Messdaten im Inneren eines Kühlturms
CN107202501B (zh) * 2016-03-18 2023-04-14 厦门嘉达环保科技有限公司 集中式冷却塔通风降噪系统
CN106403700B (zh) * 2016-09-09 2019-03-08 河海大学常州校区 基于非均匀喷溅装置的冷却塔实时动态配水系统及方法
CN113614482A (zh) 2019-03-19 2021-11-05 巴尔的摩汽圈公司 具有羽流消减组件旁路的热交换器
JP2022543194A (ja) 2019-08-01 2022-10-11 インフィニット クーリング インコーポレイテッド ガス流から流体を収集するときに用いるパネル
KR20220039708A (ko) 2019-08-01 2022-03-29 인피니트 쿨링 인코포레이티드 가스 스트림으로부터 유체를 수집하기 위한 시스템 및 방법
BR112022010740A2 (pt) 2019-12-11 2022-08-23 Baltimore Aircoil Co Inc Sistema de trocador de calor com otimização baseada em aprendizagem de máquina
US11123752B1 (en) 2020-02-27 2021-09-21 Infinite Cooling Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for collecting species from a gas stream
CN112380747B (zh) * 2020-11-13 2022-05-24 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种双曲线型钢结构冷却塔设计方法
US11976882B2 (en) 2020-11-23 2024-05-07 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Heat rejection apparatus, plume abatement system, and method
CN114234668B (zh) * 2021-12-24 2023-12-12 重庆大学 一种用于冷却塔的降温节水装置和湿式冷却塔

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WO2012059496A3 (fr) 2012-07-05
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US20130228941A1 (en) 2013-09-05

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