EP2634313B1 - Élément d'ancrage amélioré pour la consolidation du sol - Google Patents

Élément d'ancrage amélioré pour la consolidation du sol Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2634313B1
EP2634313B1 EP13157515.1A EP13157515A EP2634313B1 EP 2634313 B1 EP2634313 B1 EP 2634313B1 EP 13157515 A EP13157515 A EP 13157515A EP 2634313 B1 EP2634313 B1 EP 2634313B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring element
bar
ground
cables
tubular
Prior art date
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Application number
EP13157515.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2634313A2 (fr
EP2634313A3 (fr
Inventor
Gaetano Dalla Gassa
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Dalla Gassa Srl
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Dalla Gassa Srl
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Publication of EP2634313A3 publication Critical patent/EP2634313A3/fr
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Publication of EP2634313B1 publication Critical patent/EP2634313B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an improved anchoring element particularly suitable for making slope consolidation structures, for stabilizing landslips, for making anchoring structures in various geotechnical applications.
  • Anchoring elements are known and widely used, which are constituted by tie rods made with prestressed steel strands or by solid bars in structural steel that are constrained in corresponding holes made in the ground through a cement mix.
  • Anchoring elements are also known that comprise self-perforating hollow bars generally consisting of a plurality of tubular elements that are threaded externally and axially connected one after the other through joining sleeves as they are driven into the ground.
  • the end of the first tubular element is provided with a perforating head and the tubular element is inserted in the ground through a rotary movement or a rotary percussive movement to which it is subjected by special power means.
  • a draining fluid is pumped into the bar, wherein said fluid can be air, water or more commonly a mixture of cement and water, called cement grout.
  • a fluid consisting of water and cement is pumped in together with additives, if any, and the hardening of the injected fluid guarantees that the bar is anchored into the ground.
  • Anchoring elements of the type described, in particular those using self-perforating bars, are widely and effectively used in many types of application.
  • self-perforating bars each one of them, when set in operation, is capable of developing a counteracting force that increases as its cross section increases.
  • the cost of the work increases with substantially linear proportionality as the cross section and the number of the bars used increase.
  • the anchoring element is known which is described in the patent document WO 2005/090690 , and which comprises a percussion device that makes a hole in the ground and during perforation introduces in the hole a tubular element that is placed on the bottom thereof, as well as tensioning elements constituted by bars or strands that occupy the entire length of the tubular element and of the hole.
  • a consolidation cement mix is introduced in the hole and the tensioning elements are set rotating through the rotation of a flange to which the ends of the tensioning elements projecting from the hole are constrained.
  • the limitation of this embodiment lies in that the tubular element does not project from the hole, since it occupies just one section of its length, and thus the flange acts exclusively on the tensioning elements to which it is connected. Consequently, the action of constraint to the ground developed by the anchoring element does not exploit the synergy produced by the resistance offered by the tensioning elements and by the tubular element, as the flange acts only on the latter.
  • the presence of the tubular element does not create a synergy with the tensioning elements to develop the constraining action of the anchoring element.
  • the present invention intends to substantially modify the limitations described above.
  • the anchoring element of the invention represents the implementation of the well-known anchoring technique with self-perforating bars and it can be installed with no need for the operators to substantially modify the way they work when they install self-perforating bars of the known type.
  • the higher ductility of the anchoring element or, in other words, the larger plastic deformation field allowed by it makes it possible to obtain structures that are safer, especially in case of seismic events.
  • said higher ductility or larger plastic deformation field can be modified during installation.
  • the anchoring element of the invention is shown in longitudinal cross section and in the installed configuration in Figure 1 , where it is indicated as a whole by 1.
  • ground indicates any means or element into which the bar 2 is driven.
  • prestressed steel indicates a high resistance steel whose characteristics are described in the European standard EN 10138.
  • the tubular bar 2 is provided with an external thread 2b and this makes it possible to make it in the desired length by connecting, through threaded connection sleeves 15 , several tubular elements 7 that are coaxial with each other and arranged one after the other.
  • tubular bar 2 is of the known self-perforating type and is provided with a drill bit 8 arranged at its end that comes in contact with the ground S into which it is driven.
  • cables 5 in prestressed steel they are of the known type, too, and are available on the market in various versions with a variable number of strands.
  • the tubular bar 2 is made of structural steel
  • the cables 5 are made of prestressed steel and the cement mix C that constrains the tubular bar 2 into the ground S and the cables 5 inside the tubular bar 2 is constituted by cement grout which is a mixture of cement and water in variable percentages according to the project.
  • structural steel indicates a steel for building applications that is used for metal structures in the field of civil engineering and has the characteristics described in the European standards EN 10210 and EN 10219.
  • the cement grout C fills the bar 2 completely, so that the cable or cables 5 is/are completely buried in the cement grout C and thus once the cement grout has set it/they is/are constrained over its/their entire length.
  • the anchoring element of the invention can be made even according to the embodiment indicated by 30 in Figure 2 , in which the cement grout C fills only the terminal part of the bar 2 and thus once the cement grout has set the cable or the cables 5 are constrained only for the length Cb corresponding to the cement grout C present in said bar.
  • the anchoring elements are equal to each other from a constructive point of view, since they comprise the same bar 2, the same cables 5 and the same fixing unit 6 and differ from each other only for the different constrainment condition of the cables inside the bar 2 that, as explained above, are completely or partially constrained in the cement grout C .
  • the fixing unit 6 used can be clearly seen in the detail of Figure 3 , where it can be observed that it comprises a load distribution plate 10 provided with a through hole 10a in which the end 2a of the self-perforating bar 2 is inserted, and a locking nut 11 that is screwed externally at the end 2a of the bar 2 projecting from the load distribution plate 10 and tightened against it.
  • a cable or strand locking plate 12 positioned against the locking nut 11 and provided with one or more through holes 12a , in each one of which a cable or strand locking wedge 13 is inserted that locks the end of each strand or cable 5 to the plate 12.
  • a variant embodiment of the fixing unit indicated as a whole by 26 is shown in Figure 4 and differs from the embodiment just described and shown in Figure 3 only in that it is provided with a locking nut 21 whose length 21a is shorter than the length of the end 2a of the bar 2 to which it is tightened and owing to the presence of a spacer ring 23 interposed between the nut 21 and the cable locking plate 12.
  • the inner diameter of the spacer ring 23 is larger than the external diameter of the bar 2 and thus can be coupled with it with a radial play.
  • the two embodiments 6 and 26 of the fixing unit are interchangeable, so that it is possible to obtain the anchoring element of the invention, indicated as a whole by 1 and 30.
  • the installation of the anchoring element 1 is performed according to the sequence represented in Figures from 5 to 13.
  • the drill bit 8 is arranged in contact with the ground S and the opposite end of the tubular element 7' is connected to a mechanical unit, not represented herein, which sets it rotating or performing a rotary percussive movement as indicated by the arrows, in order to drive it in the ground S according to the known art.
  • cement grout C is injected in the bar 2, so that, according to the known art, said cement grout favours the penetration of the bar by bringing up to the surface all the material that has been excavated during perforation.
  • a second tubular element 7" is coupled at its end through a connection sleeve 15 and then the perforation is started again and continued, as shown in Figure 7 , until the bar 2 in the desired length has been completely driven into the ground S and completely buried in the cement grout C present both inside and outside the bar.
  • cement grout C fills the bar 2 completely, in which case the cables 5 are buried therein for their entire length.
  • the cables will be locked in the bar 2 and will be tensioned using the known hydraulic or mechanic tensioning means, as will be explained in greater detail below.
  • the bar 2 At the end of the operations the bar 2 will be anchored to the ground with the cables 5 tensioned and buried in the cement grout C for their entire length, as shown in Figure 9 .
  • the cable or cables 5 that are inserted inside it will be immersed only with their terminal part, for the length corresponding to the height Cb of the cement grout, as shown in Figure 8a .
  • the bar 2 At the end of the operations the bar 2 will be anchored into the ground and the cables 5 will in turn be anchored inside the bar 2 only for their terminal part, as shown in Figure 9a .
  • the ends 2a and 5a, respectively of the bar 2 and of the cables 5 must be constrained to the ground S through one of the anchoring units 6 or 26 previously described.
  • the load distribution plate 10 of the anchoring unit 6 is positioned in contact with the ground S and then the locking nut 11 is tightened externally to the end 2a of the bar 2 in order to force it against the plate 10 , as shown in Figure 10 .
  • the cable locking plate 12 is positioned axially against the locking nut 11 , as shown in Figure 11 , taking care to ensure that the ends 5a of the cables 5 are arranged so that they pass through the holes 12a present in the plate 12.
  • the cables 5 are tensioned until reaching the desired tensioning values by means of a hydraulic jack M that, as shown in Figure 12 , is placed in contact with the cable locking plate 12.
  • the ends 5a of the cables 5 are then locked in the respective holes 12a through the cable locking wedges 13 that, having a conical profile that matches the conical profile of the respective holes 12a , lock the cables 5 through radial compression.
  • the filling with cement grout preserves the metal from corrosion.
  • structural steel means a steel of the known type suited to be used for geotechnical applications and having a low carbon percentage
  • prestressed steel means a highly elastic silicon steel of the known type, used in the field of prefabricated building structures.
  • both the bar 2 and the cables 5 can be made with other metallic or non metallic materials.
  • the description provided above can be completely referred to the case where the bar 2 driven in the ground in the configuration of Figure 9 is used, in which case, once the operations have been completed, the anchoring element 1 shown in Figure 1 will be obtained.
  • the anchoring element of the invention bears loads that are considerably higher than those born by equivalent anchoring elements of the known type, as could be verified by means of tests that will be illustrated further on in the description.
  • the force generated by the cables 5 is discharged onto the load distribution plate 10 and at the end of installation only the load due to the tightening force exerted on the bar 2 will be born by the nut 11 or 21.
  • the anchoring element of the invention described herein in both its embodiments 1 or 30 , makes it possible to obtain structures that resist to higher loads compared to the structures that would be obtained using self-perforating bars of the known art.
  • the use of the anchoring elements of the invention reduces the cost per constrained ton, as the addition of the metal cables 5 to the self-perforating bar 2 involves a very low percentage cost increase vis-à-vis the percentage increase in the achievable resistance, which instead is very high. Therefore, using the anchoring elements 1 of the invention it is possible to make containment structures that develop greater counteracting forces even though they use a smaller number of anchoring elements compared to analogous structures made with self-perforating bars or other known anchoring elements.
  • the anchoring element of the invention is more ductile than the known anchoring elements.
  • the values of the loads are given in the Y-axis and correspond to the pressure, in bars, applied to operate the hydraulic jack that tensions the elements being tested, while the elongation values are given in the X-axis and expressed in millimeters.
  • curves 30a, 30b and 30c are related to increasing tensions on the cables 5.
  • the combination of the known cables 5 in prestressed steel with the known self-perforating bars 2 in structural steel makes it possible to obtain a synergy among the different materials used and to obtain a high ductility of the anchoring element, much higher than that obtainable using the known self-perforating bars.
  • Said increase in the ductility of the anchoring elements is extremely important when it comes to increasing the safety of the structures, above all those destined to operate in a seismic environment, where it is important to ensure that the structure, even if damaged, will not collapse.
  • anchoring element of the invention in both its variant embodiments 1 and 30 described herein, achieves all the set objects and advantages.
  • anchoring element can be made using tubular bars in any length and with any diameter, and that any number of cables can be placed inside it according to the loads defined for the project.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) pour la réalisation de structures de confinement et de consolidation de terrains (S) comprenant:
    - une barre tubulaire (2) à développement essentiellement longitudinal insérée dans ledit terrain (S) où elle est bloquée au moyen d'un mélange de ciment (C);
    - un ou plusieurs câbles (5) disposés à l'intérieur de ladite barre (2) et bloqués au moyen d'un mélange de ciment (C) présent à l'intérieur de ladite barre (2);
    - un groupe de fixation (6) dudit élément d'ancrage (1; 30) au terrain (S),
    caractérisé en ce que ledit groupe de fixation (6) est relié aux extrémités (5a, 2a) desdites un ou plusieurs câbles (5) et de ladite barre (2) saillant dudit terrain (S).
  2. Élément d'ancrage (1) selon la revendication 1), caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange de ciment (C) remplit complètement ladite barre (2) et lesdits un ou plusieurs câbles (5) sont immergés dans ledit mélange de ciment (C) pour toute leur longueur.
  3. Élément d'ancrage (30) selon la revendication 1), caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange de ciment (C) remplit partiellement ladite barre (2) pour une partie de sa longueur (Cb) dans laquelle les extrémités desdits un ou plusieurs câbles (5) sont immergées.
  4. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite barre tubulaire (2) est dotée d'un filetage extérieur (2d) et se compose d'une pluralité d'éléments tubulaires (7; 7'; 7") qui sont coaxiaux entre eux et reliés un après l'autre par des manchons filetés de jonction (15).
  5. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite barre tubulaire (2) est du type auto-perforant, étant dotée d'une pointe perceuse (8) disposée à l'extrémité en contact avec le terrain (S).
  6. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite barre tubulaire (2) est réalisée en acier de construction et lesdits un ou plusieurs câbles (5) sont réalisés en acier de précontrainte.
  7. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange de ciment (C) est mortier de ciment.
  8. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit groupe de fixation (6) comprend:
    - une plaque de distribution de la charge (10) disposée contre le terrain (S) et dotée d'un trou passant (10a) où l'extrémité (2a) de ladite barre tubulaire (2) est insérée;
    - un écrou de blocage (11) vissé extérieurement à ladite extrémité (2a) et disposé contre ladite plaque de distribution de la charge (10);
    - une plaque de blocage du câble (12) disposée contre ledit écrou de blocage (11) et dotée d'un ou plusieurs trous passants (12a) dans chacun desquels une cale de blocage du câble (13) est insérée et accueillit de manière passante l'extrémité (5a) d'un câble correspondant (5).
  9. Élément d'ancrage (1 ; 30) selon la revendication 8), caractérisé en ce que la longueur (11 a) dudit écrou de blocage (11) est plus grande que la longueur (2b) de l'extrémité (2a) de ladite barre tubulaire (2) qui saillit de ladite plaque de distribution de la charge (10).
  10. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes de 1) à 7), caractérisé en ce que ledit groupe de fixation (26) comprend:
    - une plaque de distribution de la charge (10) disposée contre le terrain (S) et dotée d'un trou passant (10a) où l'extrémité (2a) de ladite barre tubulaire (2) est insérée;
    - un écrou de blocage (21) vissé extérieurement à ladite extrémité (2a) de ladite barre tubulaire (2) et disposé contre ladite plaque di distribution de la charge (10);
    - une bague d'espacement (23) disposée contre ledit écrou (21);
    - une plaque de blocage du câble (12) disposée contre ladite bague d'espacement (23) et dotée d'un ou plusieurs trous passants (12a) dans chacun desquels est insérée une cale de blocage du câble (13) qui accueillit de manière passante l'extrémité (5a) d'un câble correspondant (5).
  11. Élément d'ancrage (1; 30) selon la revendication 10), caractérisé en ce que ladite bague d'espacement (23) présente le diamètre interne plus grand que le diamètre externe de ladite barre tubulaire (2) et la longueur (23a) de ladite bague d'espacement est plus grande que la longueur (2c) de ladite extrémité (2a) de ladite barre tubulaire (2) saillant dudit écrou de blocage (21).
  12. Élément d'ancrage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes de 8) à 11), caractérisé en ce que lesdits trous passants (12a) de ladite plaque de blocage du câble (12) et lesdites cales de blocage du câble (13) présentent des profils coniques mutuellement conjugables.
EP13157515.1A 2012-03-02 2013-03-01 Élément d'ancrage amélioré pour la consolidation du sol Active EP2634313B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000051A ITVI20120051A1 (it) 2012-03-02 2012-03-02 Elemento di ancoraggio perfezionato per il consolidamento di terreni

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2634313A2 EP2634313A2 (fr) 2013-09-04
EP2634313A3 EP2634313A3 (fr) 2014-07-09
EP2634313B1 true EP2634313B1 (fr) 2015-11-18

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EP (1) EP2634313B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITVI20120051A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10907317B2 (en) 2016-02-10 2021-02-02 Soletanche Freyssinet Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109162743B (zh) * 2018-09-26 2020-03-13 西南交通大学 一种摩擦-剪切复合式准恒阻大变形锚索

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1236744B (it) * 1989-12-15 1993-03-31 Procedimento per inserire barre di tubi di armatura in terreni o pareti di scavo e attrezzatura atta a realizzare detto procedimento
AT505959B1 (de) * 2004-03-23 2011-06-15 Alwag Tunnelausbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren insbesondere schlag- oder drehschlagbohren eines loches in boden- oder gesteinsmaterial und zum ausbilden einer verankerung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10907317B2 (en) 2016-02-10 2021-02-02 Soletanche Freyssinet Method for producing an anchoring tie rod and anchoring tie rod

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Publication number Publication date
EP2634313A2 (fr) 2013-09-04
ITVI20120051A1 (it) 2013-09-03
EP2634313A3 (fr) 2014-07-09

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