EP2631021A1 - Four-die forging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-jaw forging apparatus and can be used in forging blocks and billets in hydraulic forging presses. The object of the invention is to shorten the time taken for the removal of the device from the working area of the press and for its installation in the working area of the press. For this purpose, the holders for the upper and the lower jaw have sprues with three holes. One hole thereof lies axially in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device, and the two other holes are mirror-symmetrical to this longitudinal plane of symmetry. In the longitudinal symmetry plane coaxial holes springs are installed, which ensure a vertical displacement of the holder for the upper jaw for holding the lower jaw. Centering guides are installed in the symmetrical holes. The portions of the centering guides are press-fitted in the holes of the lower jaw holder, ensuring displacement of the upper jaw holder on the centering guides. Slidable plates have a shaped cross-section and include inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw mounts. Side spreading guides comprise the side portions of the slidable plates and make a movable contact therewith at the edge portions.

Description

The invention relates to a four-jaw forging device with two holders for an upper and a lower jaw according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention can be used in the printing of metals and that in four-jaw forging. It can be used in forging billets and billets of various steels and alloys in hydraulic forging presses. The invention may be used in engineering and the metallurgical industry to manufacture products having an elongated axis such as rods, supports, intermediate shafts, torsion shafts, rolls and similar products. It can also be used in the production of forged blanks made of carbon, medium alloyed, structural and high alloy steels and alloys as well as non-ferrous metals and alloys.

From the prior art, a four-jaw forging apparatus is known which consists of two holders for an upper and a lower jaw with inclined surfaces and two holders for side jaws with oblique surfaces. The upper and lower jaw mounts are kinematically coupled to the side jaw mounts by means of guide links. The inclined surfaces of the side jaw brackets correspond to the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower brackets and the four jaws attached to the respective brackets [1].

This four-jaw forging apparatus is deficient in that its construction does not have high reliability and long life of the device, and does not ensure precision of the manufactured products and forgings.

Also known in the art is a four-jaw forging machine which has two brackets for upper and lower jaws with sloped surfaces and two side jaw brackets with inclined surfaces. The oblique surfaces of the lateral brackets correspond to the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw brackets. The side jaw mounts are kinematically connected to the above-mentioned upper and lower jaw mounts by means of eight lateral spreader guides. The four-jaw forge has centering guides to allow centering of the jaw brackets, slidable plates attached to the inclined surfaces of the jaw brackets, and four jaws [2].

This known forging device has the shortcomings that its construction does not ensure high performance in the manufacture of the blocks or products, the production of which requires a quick tool change and the removal of the four-jaw forging device from the forging area and possibly their subsequent return to the work area of the press ,

This is because the operation of the device requires a rigid attachment of the upper jaw mount to the moving part of the press (on the upper crosshead or upper jaw) and a rigid attachment of the lower jaw mount to the press table. To remove the device from the working area of the press, it must be separated from the upper moving part of the press. This takes too much time. The installation of the device in the work area of the press is also very time consuming.

It is an object of the invention to shorten the time for the removal of the device from the work area of the press and for the installation of the device in the work area of the press by the construction of the forging apparatus is changed so that the production efficiency of the manufacturing process is increased.

• Die Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung weist auf:
  • zwei Halterungen für eine obere und eine untere Backe mit Schrägflächen,
  • zwei Halterungen für seitliche Backen mit Schrägflächen, die den Schrägflächen der Halterungen für die obere und die untere Backe entsprechen, wobei diese Halterungen mit den erwähnten Halterungen für die obere und die untere Backe mit Hilfe von acht seitlichen Ausspreizführungen kinematisch verbunden sind,
  • Zentrierführungen mit einer Möglichkeit, die Backenhalterungen zu zentrieren,
  • gleitfähige Platten, die an Schrägflächen der Backenhalterungen angebaut sind, und
  • vier Backen.

The task is achieved as follows:

• The four-jaw forging device has:
  • two holders for an upper and a lower jaw with inclined surfaces,
  • two side-jaw mounts having inclined surfaces corresponding to the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw mounts, said mounts being kinematically connected to said upper and lower jaw mounts by means of eight lateral spreader guides;
  • Centering guides with a possibility to center the jaw brackets,
  • slidable plates, which are mounted on inclined surfaces of the jaw brackets, and
  • four cheeks.

According to the invention, the upper and lower jaw retainers have three-hole sprues at the rear of each of their inclined surfaces. The holes are arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the device and fall in the holders for the upper and the lower jaw together. A hole lies on the axis of the longitudinal symmetry plane of the device. Two other holes are bilaterally mirror-symmetrical to this plane of symmetry. Springs are incorporated in the holes disposed axially of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the device to permit vertical displacement of the upper jaw support for supporting the lower jaw. The centering guides are installed in the holes, which are arranged mirror-symmetrically on both sides to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the device. The sections of these centering guides are pressed into the holes of the holder of the lower jaw, in such a way that the vertical displaceability of the holder of the upper jaw is secured in these guides. The slidable plates are mounted on the inclined surfaces of the lower and upper jaw mounts. The slidable plates have a Π-shaped cross section and include inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw mounts. The inclined surfaces of the holders for the side jaws are limited by rectangular flanks of these brackets. These brackets include slidable plates mounted on the upper and lower jaw brackets. The side spreader guides are immovably fixed to rectangular flanks of the side jaw mounts, such that they comprise side sections of the slidable plates. In this case, the movable contact is made possible on edge portions of the planes of these plates, which are arranged on the sides which are inverse of the planes of the slidable plates. The inclined surfaces of the holders of the side jaws contact by means of the sliding plates.

A development of the invention shows that the device is provided with a Schmierölfördersystem for sliding plates.

In addition, the device is provided with a water cooling system for cooling the jaws and their brackets.

Fig. 1

die Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung im statischen Zustand in Frontansicht (der linke Teil der Figur schildert die zusammengeschlossene Position und der rechte Teil der Figur zeigt die offene Position) entlang der Linie C-C,

Fig. 2

die Seitenansicht mit der Längsmittelebene O-O,

Fig. 3

die Draufsicht mit der Längsmittelebene O-O,

Fig. 4

den Schnitt A-A nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

die Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung in der axonometrischen Ansicht und

Fig. 6

die Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung beim Stauchen eines Werkstücks (der Querschnitt des Werkstücks beim Stauchen ist gestrichelt).

The four-jaw forging device according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

the four-jaw forging device in the static state in front view (the left part of the figure describes the merged position and the right part of the figure shows the open position) along the line CC,

Fig. 2

the side view with the longitudinal center plane OO,

Fig. 3

the top view with the longitudinal center plane OO,

Fig. 4

the section AA after Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5

the four-jaw forging device in axonometric view and

Fig. 6

the four-jaw forging device when upsetting a workpiece (the cross section of the workpiece when upsetting is dashed).

The four-jaw forging apparatus has a holder of an upper jaw 1, a holder of a lower jaw 2, which is placed on the press table (not shown in FIG.), Two holders for lateral jaws 3 and 4, four lateral Ausspreizführungen 5 to 8, with whose help a kinematic connection of the brackets for the side jaws 3 and 4 with the brackets for the upper and lower jaw 1 and 2 is ensured. An upper jaw 9, a lower jaw 10, lateral jaws 11 and 12, four centering guides 13 to 16 (FIG. FIGS. 1-5 ) complete the four-jaw forge. The brackets for the upper and the lower jaw 1 and 2 have inclined surfaces corresponding to the inclined surfaces of the holders for the side jaws 3 and 4. The brackets for the upper and the lower jaw 1 and 2 have at the back of each of its inclined surfaces respectively sprues 17 to 20 with three holes 21 to 23, 24 to 26. These holes are symmetrical to the longitudinal symmetry plane "0-0" of the device and coincide with the upper and lower jaw mounts 1 and 2. One of the holes (22 or 25) on each side of the device is coaxial with the longitudinal symmetry plane "0-0" of the device. Two other holes (21 and 23 or 24 and 26) are arranged on both sides and mirror-like to this longitudinal plane of symmetry. In the holes 22 and 25 springs 27 are installed, so that the holder of the upper jaw 1 for holding the lower jaw 2 is vertically displaceable.

Centering guides 13 to 16 are formed in the form of columns. The centering guides 13 to 16 are installed in the holes 21, 23, 24 and 26, which are arranged mirror-symmetrically on both sides to the longitudinal symmetry plane "0-0" of the device. The sections of these Zentrierführungs- columns 13 to 16 are pressed into the holes 21, 23, 24 and 26 of the holder for the lower jaw 2, in such a way that a vertical displaceability of the holder of the upper jaw 1 is secured in these centering. On the inclined surfaces of the holders for the upper and the lower jaw 1 and 2 slidable plates 28 are mounted. The slidable plates 28 have a Π-shaped cross section ( Fig. 1 . 4 . 5 ) and are usually made of bronze. The slidable plates 28 comprise the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw mounts 1 and 2. The oblique surfaces of the lateral jaw mounts 3 and 4 are bounded by rectangular flanks of these mounts comprising the slidable plates 28. The side spreader guides 5 to 8 are fixedly attached to rectangular flanks of the side jaw holders 3 and 4 so as to include side portions of the slidable plates 28. In this case, a movable contact at the edge portions of the planes of these slidable plates 28 is achieved. The inclined surfaces of the holders for the side jaws 3 and 4 contact by means of the slidable plates.

The four-jaw forging machine may also be provided with a lubricating oil conveyor system for lubricating the slidable plates 28 and a water cooling system for cooling the jaws 1, 2, 3, 4 and their brackets (not shown in Fig.).

• Die Vorrichtung wird im Arbeitsbereich einer hydraulischen Schmiedepresse unter ihrer oberen Flachbacke aufgestellt (in Fig. nicht abgebildet). Dabei hat die Halterung für die obere Backe 1 keine Befestigung an den beweglichen Teilen der Presse. Zu gleicher Zeit wird die Halterung der unteren Backe 2 auf dem beweglichen Pressentisch starr befestigt (in Fig. nicht abgebildet). Beim Aufwärtshub der oberen Backe der Presse (in Fig. nicht abgebildet) fährt die Halterung der oberen Backe 1 zusammen mit der oberen Backe 9 unter der Wirkung der Federn 27 nach oben und spreizt zugleich die Halterungen für die seitlichen Backen 3 und 4 zusammen mit den seitlichen Backen 11 und 12 mit Hilfe der seitlichen Ausspreizführungen 5 bis 8 auseinander. Dadurch wird der Arbeitsbereich der Einrichtung geöffnet (Fig. 1, 5).

The operation of the four-jaw forging apparatus is as follows:

• The device is placed in the working area of a hydraulic forging press under its upper flat jaw (not shown in Fig.). The holder for the upper jaw 1 has no attachment to the moving parts of the press. At the same time, the holder of the lower jaw 2 is rigidly mounted on the movable press table (not shown in Fig.). During the upward stroke of the upper jaw of the press (not shown in Fig.) The holder of the upper jaw 1 moves together with the upper jaw 9 under the action of the springs 27 upwards and spreads the brackets for the side jaws 3 and 4 together with the side jaws 11 and 12 with the help of the lateral expansion guides 5 to 8 apart. This will open the workspace of the facility ( Fig. 1 . 5 ).

• Die Bewegung der Halterungen für die seitlichen Backen 3 und 4 erfolgt über gleitfähige Platten 28 aufwärts und seitwärts dadurch, dass die seitlichen Ausspreizführungen 5 bis 8 die gleitfähigen Platten 28 mit Π-förmigem Querschnitt umfassen. Die seitlichen Ausspreizführungen 5 bis 8 sind an rechteckigen Flanken der Halterungen für die seitlichen Backen 3 und 4 mittels Schrauben befestigt und unter die Randabschnitte der gleitfähigen Platten 28 eingeschoben. Beim (durch die Federn 27 verursachten) Kraftangriff auf den Halterungen der seitlichen Backen 3 und 4 strebt diese senkrechte Kraft danach, die Halterungen zu heben. Diese Kraft wird über die seitlichen Ausspreizführungen 5 bis 8 an die Randabschnitte der Ebenen der gleitfähigen Platten 28 übertragen, welche an den Seiten liegen, die in Bezug auf die Ebenen der gleitfähigen Platten 28 invers sind. Die Schrägflächen der Halterungen der seitlichen Backen 3 und 4 kontaktieren mittels gleitfähiger Platten 3 und 4. Die gleitfähigen Platten sind unter einem Winkel, hauptsächlich 45°, zur senkrechten Symmetrieebene "C - C" der Vorrichtung angeordnet. Dadurch stellen die seitens der seitlichen Ausspreizführungen 5 bis 8 wirkenden Kräfte die Bewegung der Halterungen für die seitlichen Backen 3 und 4 auf den gleitfähigen Platten auf- und seitwärts sicher.

The spreading of the jaws 9, 11 and 12 is carried out in the following manner:

• The movement of the lateral jaw mounts 3 and 4 is made via sliding plates 28 upwardly and sideways by the side spreader guides 5 to 8 comprising the slidable plates 28 of Π-shaped cross-section. The lateral Ausspreizführungen 5 to 8 are attached to rectangular flanks of the brackets for the side jaws 3 and 4 by means of screws and inserted under the edge portions of the slidable plates 28. When (caused by the springs 27) force attack on the brackets of the side jaws 3 and 4, this vertical force strives to lift the brackets. This force is via the lateral spreading guides 5 to 8 at the edge portions of the planes of the slidable Transfer plates 28, which lie on the sides, which are inverse with respect to the planes of the slidable plates 28. The inclined surfaces of the holders of the lateral jaws 3 and 4 contact by means of slidable plates 3 and 4. The slidable plates are arranged at an angle, mainly 45 °, to the vertical plane of symmetry "C - C" of the device. As a result, the forces acting on the side of the spreader guides 5 to 8 make the movement of the holders for the lateral jaws 3 and 4 on the slidable plates secure and sideward.

After the jaws are spread apart, the workpiece is pushed into the work area by means of a block slide (not shown in FIG. Then the working stroke of the press is started. In this case, their movable crosshead offset the holder of the upper jaw 1 together with the upper jaw 9 on the upper flat jaw (not shown in Fig.) To the workpiece. At the same time, the holders for the lateral jaws 3 and 4, together with the lateral jaws 11 and 12, also move in the direction of the workpiece. All three movable jaws (9, 11 and 12) and the lower fixed jaw 10 begin to compress the workpiece at the same time ( Fig. 6 ). After the upsetting of the workpiece has been completed, the movable traverse of the press moves up with the upper flat jaw of the press. The holder of the upper jaw 1 comes under the action of the springs 27 also upwards and thus opens the working area of the device for longitudinal displacement and / or rotation of the workpiece about the axis. Thereafter, the upsetting cycle is repeated. To bring the device out of the working area of the press, it is sufficient to lift only the upper press truss. As a result, a small clearance (10-200 mm) is formed between the working surface of the upper flat jaw of the press and the holder of the upper jaw 1. Thereafter, the entire device is led out of the work area of the press. The device may be located on the tool table of the press next to the work area. At the same time another tool can be installed in the working area of the press in order to be able to continue the operation of the press with this new tool. Possibly. can the four-jaw forging device can be introduced into the work area of the press just as quickly. The removal of the device from the work area of the press takes 1 to 3 minutes. The same time is required to insert the device in the work area of the press. When using the prototype device, the removal of the device from the working area of the press takes 20 to 30 minutes and the positioning in the working area 15 to 20 minutes.

Thus, the inventive design of the device ensures a substantial time reduction in the removal of the device from the work area of the press and in their installation in the work area of the press. This increases the production output of the manufacturing process.

1. 1. Japanische Patentanmeldung JP 58- 12088 , IPCB21 J 9/06, 9/02, 13/02, 2007.
2. 2. Patent RU 2314175 , IPC B21 J 13/02, 2005.

information:

1. 1. Japanese patent application JP 58-12088 , IPCB21 J 9/06, 9/02, 13/02, 2007.
2. 2. Patent RU 2314175 , IPC B21 J 13/02, 2005.

Claims (3)

Four-jaw forging machine with two brackets for one upper and one lower jaw (1 and 2) with inclined surfaces, two brackets for side jaws (3 and 4) with bevelled surfaces that correspond to the inclined surfaces of the brackets for the upper and lower jaws (1 and 2 ), wherein the holders for the lateral jaws (3 and 4) are kinematically connected to said holders for the upper and lower jaws (1 and 2) by means of four lateral spreader guides (5 to 8), with centering guides (13 to 18) to allow centering of the jaw brackets, with slidable plates (28) attached to bevelled cheek pads and with four jaws (9 to 12),
characterized,
in that the holders for the upper and the lower jaws (1 and 2) at the back of each of their oblique surfaces have sprues (17 to 20) with three holes (21 to 23 and 24 to 26), which holes correspond to the longitudinal plane of symmetry (OO) of the device are symmetrical and coincide with the upper and lower jaw mounts (1 and 2) and one of the holes (22 or 25) on the axis of longitudinal symmetry plane (OO) of the device and the two other holes (21 and 23 or 24 and 26) are mirror-inverted on both sides to this plane of symmetry (OO),
in that springs (27) are installed in the holes (22 or 25) arranged axially to the plane of longitudinal symmetry (OO) of the device in order to enable a vertical displacement of the holder of the upper jaw (1) for holding the lower jaw (2),
in that the centering guides (13 to 16) are installed in the holes (21, 23, 24, 26) which are mirror-inverted on both sides to the longitudinal symmetry plane (OO) of the device, the sections of the centering guides (13 to 16) being in the holes of the holder for the lower jaw (2) are pressed in such a way that the vertical displaceability of the holder of the upper jaw (1) is secured in these centering guides,
in that the slidable plates (28) are mounted on the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw brackets (1 and 2), have a Π-shaped cross section and comprise inclined surfaces of the upper and lower jaw brackets (1 and 2) .
in that the oblique surfaces of the side jaw mounts (3 and 4) are delimited by rectangular flanks of these mounts, these mounts comprising the slidable plates (28) mounted on the upper and lower jaw mounts (1 and 2) are,
that lateral Ausspreizführungen (5 to 8) thereby fixedly secured to the rectangular edges of the holders for the lateral jaws (3 and 4) are mounted so that they comprise side portions of the slidable plates (28) and that thereby a movable contact at edge portions of the planes of these plates (28) disposed on the sides inverse of the planes of the slidable plates (28) and contacting the inclined surfaces of the side jaw holders (3 and 4) by means of the slidable plates (28). Four-jaw forging apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the device is provided with a lubricating oil feed system for the lubrication of the slidable plates (28). Four-jaw forging apparatus according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the device is provided with a water cooling system for cooling the jaws (1, 2, 3, 4, 9 to 12) and their holders.

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