RU2314175C2 - Four-striker forging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plastic working of metals, possibly ingot and billet forging in forging presses and in radial-squeezing machines.

SUBSTANCE: four strikers are mounted in holders having inclined planes supporting anti-friction plates. Holders of upper and lower strikers are joined through kinematics links holders of lateral strikers. Centering guides are mounted on inclined planes of holders of upper and lower strikers or on inclined planes of holders of lateral strikers. Centering guides are arranged in centering grooves restricted by walls of grooves of lateral striker holders or holders of upper and lower strikers and lateral planes of respective anti-friction plates. Apparatus also includes lateral transferring guides with F-shaped cross section. Width of working surface of each striker consists 0.5 - 0.9 of width of its supporting surface. Relation S1/S2 of total surface area of contact of anti-friction plates of holders of lateral strikers and anti-friction plates of holders of upper and lower strikers in closed apparatus (S1) and total surface area of projections of working surfaces of lateral strikers on lengthwise symmetry plane of apparatus (S2) exceeds value 2.5.

EFFECT: increased useful life period of apparatus.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of metal forming, in particular to four-forging forging devices, and can be used for forging ingots and billets on hydraulic forging presses and radial crimping machines.

The invention can be used in the engineering and metallurgical industries in the manufacture of products with an elongated axis, such as rods, columns, countershafts, torsion shafts, rolls of rolling mills and the like, as well as in the production of forged blanks for subsequent pressure treatment, for example, forgings from designed , stainless, heat-resistant and difficult to deform steels and alloys.

A four-sided forging device is known, consisting of two holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined surfaces, kinematically associated with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined surfaces corresponding to the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower holders, and located at an angle of 3-75 ° to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device , and four strikers attached to the respective holders of the strikers [1].

This device allows to obtain high-quality forgings with small coefficients of yaw, and also provides forging of billets in a wide range of cross-sectional sizes.

The disadvantage of this forging device is that its design does not provide a long service life of the device without breakdowns and repairs.

A four-sided forging device is also known, consisting of holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined planes, the corresponding inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on inclined planes, eight lateral guide rails , four strikers with working and supporting surfaces and a lubrication system for friction pairs, including a pump, pipelines, flexible pipes angi, connecting elements and channels made in the holders of the strikers [2].

This design provides increased service life of the device.

A disadvantage of the known forging device is that it does not provide a sufficiently long service life of the device without repairs associated with the formation of scoring on the working surfaces of antifriction plates.

The basis of the invention is the task - by changing the design of the forging device to increase its life before repair by reducing the possibility of scoring on the working surfaces of antifriction plates.

The problem is achieved in that in a four-side forging device consisting of holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically connected with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on inclined planes , eight lateral distributing guides, four strikers with working and supporting surfaces, and a lubrication system for friction pairs, is new the fact that the device is equipped with centering guides that are mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers or the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers in one or more planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and are placed in the centering grooves formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes, respectively, the holders of the side strikers or the holders of the upper and lower strikers, and the lateral planes of the antifriction plates, and the side guiding rails to them they have an F-shaped cross section, while the width of the working surface of each striker is 0.5 - 0.9 of the width of its supporting surface, in addition, the ratio is maintained:

S ₁ / S ₂ ≥2.5,

where: S ₁ - the total contact area of the antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers, in a closed device; S ₂ - the total projection area of the working surfaces of the side strikers on the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the device.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the centering guides are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers in a plane transverse to the symmetry of the device, and the centering grooves are formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers and the lateral planes of the antifriction plates.

Patented four-sided device is illustrated by drawings (Fig.1-7).

Figure 1 shows a four-sided forging device in a static state; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1 (option 1); figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1 (option 2); figure 4 is a cross-section bb in figure 1; figure 5 - four-sided forging device with mounted centering rails on the holders of the upper and lower strikers; figure 6 is a section CC in figure 5; Fig.7 - four-sided forging device during compression of the workpiece (cross-section of the workpiece is shaded at the final moment of compression).

The four-side forging device consists of the holder of the upper striker 1, attached to the upper movable plate 2, the holder of the lower striker 3, attached to the lower fixed plate 4, two holders of the side strikers 5, 6, four strikers 7-10 installed in the holders of the strikers, eight distributing guides 11, with the help of which the kinematic connection of the holders of the side strikers with the holders of the upper and lower strikers, antifriction plates 12, as well as the lubricant supply system to the friction pairs 13 (Fig. 1) is ensured. The holders of the side strikers 5, 6 are centered by the centering guides 14 relative to the holders of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3. Moreover, on the inclined planes of the holders of the strikers one centering guide 14 can be installed 14 (Fig. 2) or several, for example, two, centering guides 14 (FIG. 3). The centering guides 14 can be installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 with an arrangement in one or several planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and go into the centering grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3 formed by the lateral planes anti-friction plates 12 and the walls of the grooves (Fig.1-3).

The centering guides 15 can also be installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers 16, 17 and go into the centering grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers 18, 19, formed by the side planes of the antifriction plates 20 and the groove walls (Fig. 5).

The lateral guide rails 11 have an F-shaped cross section, are rigidly attached to the holder of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3 with studs, and with the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 have gaps along the sliding surface (Figs. 1, 4). The strikers 21-24 of the forging device in cross section have the shape depicted in Fig.6. The width of the working surface of each striker b ₂ is 0.5-0.9 the width of its supporting surface b ₂ , i.e. the ratio is maintained:

b ₁ / b ₂ = 0.5-0.9.

With a value of b ₁ / b ₂ <0.5, the productivity of the forging process is significantly reduced, and with a value of b ₁ / b ₂ > 0.9, misalignment of the holders of the side strikers and the formation of scoring on the surfaces of antifriction plates are possible.

In the design of the four-forging device, the ratio is also maintained:

S ₁ / S ₂ ≥2.5,

where: S ₁ - the total contact area of the antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers, in a closed device;

S ₂ - the total projection area of the working surfaces of the side strikers on the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the device "0-0" figure 1).

With values of S ₁ / S ₂ ≥2.5 on the antifriction plates that form friction pairs, the appearance of rough seizures is possible, which will require their repair.

The fastening of the four-sided forging device to the press table and to the movable cross-head of the press is the same as the fastening of traditional strikers. Four-sided forging device operates as follows. Before feeding the device blanks 25, due to the movement of the movable crosshead up, the working space of the forging device is opened to the required size. Then the workpiece 25 using the manipulator (Fig. Not shown) is fed into the working space and make it crimping strikers 7-10, moving the movable beam of the press down (Fig.7). In the process of crimping the workpiece, the press force is transmitted through the movable crosshead and plate 2 to the holder of the upper striker 1, then to the holders 5, 6 of the side strikers and to the fixed holder of the lower striker 3 (Fig. 7). The transfer of the press force to the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 is carried out through the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3 during the movement of the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 (Fig. 7). When introducing the working surfaces of the strikers 7-10 into the body of the workpiece 25, the pressure on the sliding surface of the antifriction plates sharply increases. In addition, before each crimping, the workpiece is fed from one side of the forging device by a certain amount, due to which there is always an eccentricity of the load application relative to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device, tending to skew the holders of the strikers relative to each other. Due to distortions, the specific pressures on individual sections of the antifriction plates increase, which can lead to scoring on these surfaces. In the proposed design of the forging device, the value of this undesired eccentricity of the load application is reduced due to the fact that the width of the working surface of each striker b _{1 is} less than the width of its supporting surface b ₂ (b ₁ / b ₂ = 0.5-0.9) (Fig. 5.6). Centering guides mounted on the inclined planes of one die holder and entering into the centering grooves of other die holder also provide a reduction in distortions in the patented forging device. Due to the centering guides, the distortions between the holders of the strikers are significantly reduced. To reduce the distortions between the holders of the side strikers and the holders of the upper and lower strikers, the side distributing guides have an F-shaped cross section. Such a cross-section of the lateral guide rails provides a more rigid kinematic connection of the holders of the side strikers with the holders of the upper and lower strikers, reduces distortions between the antifriction plates in the slip pairs and, accordingly, the possibility of formation of scoring on them.

The patented forging device also maintains the ratio:

S ₁ / S ₂ ≥2.5.

When this ratio is fulfilled, the specific pressures on the working surfaces of the antifriction plates do not exceed the maximum permissible ones at which scoring on these surfaces is possible.

The proposed design of the four-forging device provides the following results:

friction welding at the contact points of rubbing surfaces is eliminated;

significantly reduces the possibility of scoring on rubbing surfaces;

significantly reduces the likelihood of an emergency stop of the forging process due to breakage in the friction pairs of the device.

Industrial tests of four-flange forging devices, one of which was manufactured according to the proposed design, and the other according to the prototype, showed significant advantages of the patented forging device. In four-gang forging devices, forged ingots weighing 5-7 tons from designed steels on a hydraulic forging press with a force of 20 MN were forged. Prior to the first repair of anti-friction plates, 33,200 tons of forgings were forged in the forging prototype device, and 48,750 tons of forgings, i.e. 1.47 times more.

Thus, the design of the four-sided forging device, which is patented, provides a longer maintenance-free life.

Information sources

1. Declaration patent of Ukraine No. 29183 A, cl. B21J 13/02, 1998

2. Patent of Ukraine No. 67879, cl. B21J 13/02, 3/00, 2004

Claims (2)

1. Four-sided forging device containing holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper, lower and side strikers eight side distributing guides, four strikers with working and supporting surfaces and a lubrication system for friction pairs, characterized in that it o equipped with centering guides that are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers or on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers in one or more planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and are placed in the centering grooves formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes of the side holders respectively pins or holders of the upper and lower pins, and the lateral planes of the anti-friction plates, and the side guide rails are F-shaped cross-section, the width of the working surface of each striker is 0.5-0.9 of the width of its supporting surface, and the total contact area of the antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers , in a closed device (S ₁ ) and the total projection area of the working surfaces of the side strikers on the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the device (S ₂ ) are connected by the following ratio S ₁ / S ₂ ≥2.5. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the centering guides are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers in the plane of transverse symmetry of the device, and the centering grooves are formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers and the lateral planes of the antifriction plates.

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