EP2014390B1 - Four-die forging device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to metal forming and can be used for forging billets and blanks by means of forging presses and radial-swaging machines. Four dies are mounted on holders which are provided with inclined planes and antifriction plates arranged thereon. The holders of the top and lower dies are kinematically connected to the holders of the lateral dies. Centring guides are mounted on the inclined planes of the top and lower die holders or on the inclined planes of the lateral die holders. They are placed in centring grooves which are formed by the groove walls of the lateral die holders or the top and lower die holders and the side planes of respective antifriction plates. The device also comprises lateral separating guides provided with an F-shaped cross-section. The width of the working face of each die is equal to 0.5-0.9 the width of the supporting surface thereof. The ratio between the total contact area of the antifriction plates of the lateral die holders with the antifriction plates of the top and lower holders in the closed device (S<SUB>1</SUB>) and the total area of the projection of the working faces of the lateral dies on the longitudinal symmetry plane (S<SUB>2</SUB>) of the device is defined by the formula S<SUB>1</SUB>/S<SUB>2</SUB>=2.5. Said invention makes it possible to extend the service life of the device.

Description

The invention relates to a four-jaw forging device with a holder for an upper jaw and a holder for a lower jaw, wherein the holder provided with inclined surfaces and kinematically connected with holders for side jaws and with corresponding oblique surfaces as the holders for the upper and bottom jaw are provided, wherein on the inclined surfaces of the holders for the upper, the lower and the side jaws sliding plates are arranged, wherein eight lateral connection guides a kinematic connection between the holders for the upper and the lower jaw with the holders for the side jaws wherein four jaws with working and bearing surfaces are incorporated in the jaw holders and wherein a system for supplying lubricant to the friction pairs of sliding plates is provided.

The apparatus may be used in mechanical and metallurgical industries for the manufacture of products having an elongated axis such as suction, supports, interstitial cells, torsion shafts, rolls and similar products, as well as for the production of forgings for further forming, e.g. Forged blanks made of structural, stainless steel, heat resistant and difficult to deform steels and alloys.

From the Ukrainian Declaration Patent No. 29183A a four-jaw forging apparatus is known which consists of two holders with inclined surfaces for the upper and the lower jaw. These brackets are kinematically connected to the holders for side jaws (with sloping surfaces). The surfaces correspond to the oblique surfaces of the upper and lower holder. They are arranged at an angle of 3 - 75 ° with respect to the vertical central longitudinal axis of the device. The device is also still with the four jaws, which are mounted in the corresponding jaw holders.

This device makes it possible to produce forging blocks of high quality with low Einschmiedungsmaß. It allows the forging of billets, which have a wide cross-sectional area.

From the Ukrainian patent UA C2-67879 another four-jaw forging apparatus is known in which the holders for the upper, the lower and the lateral holder for the jaws have sloping surfaces, wherein the holders are kinematically connected to each other by means of lateral connecting guides, so that with a vertical adjustment of the upper and / or. or the lower holder inevitably mitverstellt the lateral holder, so that all jaws are adjusted against each other. In addition, sliding plates are mounted on the inclined surfaces of the holder. A system for lubricating the friction pairs of sliding plates includes a pump, tubing, flexible tubing, connectors and channels routed in the holder channels.

This design of a four-jaw forging ensures a longer life. The disadvantage of this known four-jaw forging device, however, is that it does not ensure a sufficiently long service life without repair, as formed on the working surfaces of the sliding plates so-called "eaters" that prevent sliding.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to extend the repair-free operation of the forging by the change of their structure, in which the possibility of frost formation on the working surfaces of the sliding plates is reduced.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that centering guides 14 and 15 are provided in the inclined surfaces of the holder 1, 3 and 16, 17 for the upper and lower jaw 7, 9 and 21, 23 and in the inclined surfaces of the holders 5, 6 and 18, 19 for the lateral jaws 8, 10 and 22, 24 are installed in one or more planes, wherein the planes of the central guides 14 and 15 perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane 0-0 of the device run that the width B _{1 of} the working surface of each jaw 7-10 or 20 - 24 is 0.5 - 0.9 of the width B _{2 of} the bearing surface of the jaws 7-10 or 20 - 24 and that the entire contact surface S _{1 of} the sliding plates 12 and 20 on the inclined surfaces of the holders 5, 6 and 18, 19 for the side jaws 8, 10 and 22, 24 and with the sliding plates 12 and 20 on the holders 1, 3 and 16 respectively , 17 for the upper and lower jaws 7, 9 and 21, 23 in the closed device to the total area S _{2 of} the P rojection of the working surfaces of the lateral jaws 8, 10 and 22, 24 to the longitudinal center axis plane 0-0 of the device is determined by the ratio S ₁ / S ₂ ≥ 2.5. What is new is the design of the device with centering guides, which are installed on the inclined surfaces of the lateral holder in one or more planes. These planes are perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the device. The planes are formed by centering grooves, wherein the centering grooves are formed by the walls of the grooves, which on the inclined surfaces of the holders for the side jaws or holder for the upper and lower jaw are executed. At the same time, these centering grooves are formed by lateral surfaces of the sliding plates. The lateral connection guides have an F-shaped cross-section. The width of the working surface of each jaw is 0.5-0.9 of the jaw of the bearing surface of these jaws. The entire contact surface S _{1 of} the sliding plates provided on the inclined surfaces of the holder door of the side jaws, with the sliding surfaces mounted on the holders for the upper and lower jaws in the closed device and the total area S _{2 of} the projection of Working surfaces of the lateral jaws on the longitudinal center plane of the device is selected in a ratio S ₁ / S ₂ ≥ 2.5.

In keeping with this ratio, the specific pressures on the working surface of the sliding plates do not exceed the permissible values at which the formation of eaters on these surfaces is possible.

1. a) das Reibungsschweißen in den Berührungsflächen wird vermieden,
2. b) die Möglichkeit zur Bildung von Fresser auf den Reibungsflächen wird wesentlich reduziert und
3. c) die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Not-Aus beim Schmieden wegen des Bruchschadens in den Reibpaarungen der Gleitplatten wird wesentlich reduziert.

The proposed construction of the four-jaw forging device makes it possible to achieve the following results:

1. a) the friction welding in the contact surfaces is avoided
2. b) the possibility of the formation of eaters on the friction surfaces is substantially reduced and
3. c) the likelihood of emergency stop during forging due to breakage in the friction pairings of the slide plates is substantially reduced.

Large-scale tests with the new four-jaw forging machine showed significant advantages. Therefore, a four-jaw forging machine was made in accordance with the proposed design and with a four-jaw forging machine compared according to the known prototype. In these four-jaw forging machines, 5 to 7-ton billets 25 of structural steels were hydraulically forged by means of 20 MN pressing force. Until the first repair of the sliding plates, 33,200 t of forging blocks were forged in the prototype forging machine, while 48,750 t of forging blocks, ie 1.47 times more, were forged in the registered forging machine.

Fig. 1

eine Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung im statischen Zustand,

Fig. 2

ein Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A der Fig. 1 (Ausführungsform 1),

Fig. 3

ein Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A der Fig. 1 (Ausführungsform 2),

Fig. 4

ein Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B der Fig. 1,

Fig. 5

eine Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung mit auf den Haltern der oberen und der unteren Backe befestigten Zentrierführungen,

Fig. 6

ein Schnitt entlang der Linie C-C der Fig. 5 und

Fig. 7

eine Vierbacken-Schmiedevorrichtung beim Stauchen eines Knüppels
(wobei der Querschnitt des Knüppels 25 im Endzeitpunkt des Stauchens schraffiert ist).

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a four-jaw forging device in the static state,

Fig. 2

a section along the line AA the Fig. 1 (Embodiment 1)

Fig. 3

a section along the line AA the Fig. 1 (Embodiment 2)

Fig. 4

a section along the line BB of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5

a four-jaw forging device with centering guides mounted on the holders of the upper and lower jaws,

Fig. 6

a section along the line CC the Fig. 5 and

Fig. 7

a four-jaw forging device when upsetting a billet
(wherein the cross-section of the billet 25 is hatched at the end time of the upsetting).

• dem Halter 1 für die obere Backe, der an der oberen beweglichen Platte 2 befestigt ist;
• dem Halter 3 für die untere Backe, der an der unteren beweglichen Platte 4 befestigt ist;
• zwei an Haltern 5, 6 befestigte seitliche Backen,
• vier Backen 7-10, die in den Backenhaltern eingebaut sind;
• acht Verbindungsführungen 11, die kinematische Verbindungen zwischen den Haltern 5, 6 für die seitlichen Backen mit den Haltern 1, 3 für die obere und die untere Backe herstellen;
• Gleitplatten 12 und
• ein System 13 für Schmierstoffversorgung der Reibpaarungen.

The four-jaw forging device consists of:

• the upper jaw holder 1 fixed to the upper movable plate 2;
• the lower jaw holder 3 fixed to the lower movable plate 4;
• two side jaws fastened to holders 5, 6,
• four jaws 7-10 installed in the jaw holders;
• eight connecting guides 11, the kinematic connections between the holders 5, 6 for the side jaws produce with the holders 1, 3 for the upper and lower jaw;
• Sliding plates 12 and
• a system 13 for lubricant supply of the friction pairings.

The side jaw holders 5, 6 are centered by the centering guides 14 with respect to the upper jaw holders 1, 3 and the lower jaw. Therefore, one or more centering guides 14 can each be arranged on the inclined surfaces of the jaw holders. A centering guide 14 shows Fig. 2 and two centering guides Fig. 3 , The centering guides 14 can be mounted on the inclined surfaces of the side-jaw holders 5, 6 in one or more planes. These planes are perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane 0-0 of the device. The centering guides 14 can also engage in centering grooves. The centering grooves are placed on the inclined surfaces of the holders 1, 3 for the upper jaw and the lower jaw. The centering grooves are formed by the lateral surfaces of the sliding plates 12 and groove walls ( Fig. 1 to 3 ).

As Fig. 5 shows, centering guides 15 can also be introduced on the inclined surfaces of the holders 16, 17 for the upper jaw and the lower jaw and engage in centering grooves. The centering guides 15 are placed on the inclined surfaces of the holders 18, 19 for the lateral jaws and formed by the lateral surfaces of the sliding plates 20 and groove walls.

The lateral connection guides 11 have an F-shaped cross-section. They are firmly attached to the holder 1, 3 for the upper jaw and the lower jaw by means of pins. The connecting guides 11 have a margin to the holders 5, 6 for the lateral jaws on the sliding surface on ( Fig. 1 and 4 ). The jaws 21-24 of the forging apparatus have a shape in cross-section which in FIG Fig. 6 is shown. For each jaw, the width B _{1 of} the working surface is 0.5-0.9 of the width B _{2 of} its support surface, ie the following relationship is maintained: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="B"\; filenames="imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{/}{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{9th}$$

For the values B ₁ / B ₂ <0.5, the forging capacity drops significantly. With the values B ₁ / B ₂ > 0.9, the inclinations of the holders 18, 19 for the lateral jaws and the formation of seizures on the surfaces of the sliding plates 20 are possible.

wobei gilt:

• S₁ ist die gesamte Berührungsfläche zwischen den Gleitplatten. Die einen Gleitplatten sind auf den schrägen Oberflächen der Halter 5, 6 bzw. 18, 19 für die seitlichen Backen angeordnet. Die anderen Gleitplatten sind auf den Haltern für die obere und die untere Backe in der geschlossenen Vorrichtung angeordnet.
• S₂ ist die Gesamtfläche der Projektion der Arbeitsflächen der seitlichen Backen auf die Längsmittelachsenebene der Vorrichtung"0-0" (Fig. 1).

When constructing the four-jaw forging device, the following relationship is maintained: $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{/}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{2}}\ge \mathrm{2}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}$$

where:

• S ₁ is the entire contact area between the sliding plates. The one sliding plates are arranged on the inclined surfaces of the holders 5, 6 and 18, 19 for the lateral jaws. The other slide plates are placed on the upper and lower jaw holders in the closed device.
• S ₂ is the total area of the projection of the work surfaces of the lateral jaws on the longitudinal center axis plane of the device "0-0" ( Fig. 1 ).

The attachment of the four-jaw forging apparatus to the press table and the movable press truss is carried out as well as in the conventional jaws.

• Vor der Zuführung des Knüppels 25 in die Vorrichtung wird der Arbeitsraum der Schmiedevorrichtung durch die Bewegung der beweglichen Traverse nach oben auf den erforderlichen Abstand geöffnet. Danach wird der Knüppel 25 mittels eines Manipulators (in den Fig. nicht abgebildet) in den Arbeitsraum gefördert und mit den Backen 7-10 bzw. 21 - 24 gestaucht, indem die bewegliche Pressentraverse nach unten geführt wird (Fig. 7). Beim Stauchen des Knüppels 25 wird die Presskraft über die bewegliche Traverse und die Platte 2 auf den Halter 1 für die obere Backe, weiter auf die Halter 5, 6 bzw. 18, 19 für die seitlichen Backen und auf den unbeweglichen Halter 3 für die untere Backe übertragen (Fig. 7). Die Übertragung der Presskraft auf die Halter 5,6 für die seitlichen Backen erfolgt über die schrägen Oberflächen der Halter 1, 3 bzw. 16, 17 für die obere und die untere Backen und zwar während der Bewegung der Halter 5,6 bzw. 18, 19 der seitlichen Backen. Beim Eindringen der Arbeitsflächen der Backen 7-10 bzw. 21 - 24 in den Körper des Knüppels 25 steigt der Druck auf die Gleitflächen der Gleitplatten 12 bzw. 20 rasch. Außerdem wird der Knüppel 25 vor jedem Stauchen von einer der Seiten der Schmiedevorrichtung auf einen bestimmten Wert zugeführt. Dadurch wird immer die Exzentrizität des Lastangriffes bezüglich der Symmetrieebene der Vorrichtung sichergestellt. Diese Exzentrizität neigt dazu, die Backenhalter gegeneinander zu versetzen (schräg zu stellen). Durch die Schrägstellungen steigen die spezifischen Drücke, die auf einzelne Bereiche der Gleitplatten 12 bzw. 20 ausgeübt werden. Das kann Fresser auf den Oberflächen der Gleitplatten 12 bzw. 20 verursachen.

The four-jaw forging works as follows:

• Before the supply of the billet 25 in the device, the working space of the forging device is opened by the movement of the movable Traverse up to the required distance. Thereafter, the billet 25 by means of a manipulator (not shown in the figures) is conveyed into the working space and with the jaws 7-10 or 21 - 24 compressed by the movable press truss is guided downwards ( Fig. 7 ). When upsetting the billet 25, the pressing force on the movable Traverse and the plate 2 on the holder 1 for the upper jaw, on the holders 5, 6 and 18, 19 for the side jaws and on the immovable holder 3 for the lower Transfer jaw ( Fig. 7 ). The transmission of the pressing force on the holders 5, 6 for the lateral jaws takes place via the oblique surfaces of the holders 1, 3 or 16, 17 for the upper and the lower jaws, namely during the movement of the holders 5, 6 and 18, respectively. 19 of the side jaws. Upon penetration of the working surfaces of the jaws 7-10 or 21-24 in the body of the billet 25, the pressure on the sliding surfaces of the sliding plates 12 and 20 increases rapidly. In addition, the billet 25 is fed to a specific value before each swaging from one of the sides of the forging apparatus. This always ensures the eccentricity of the load application with respect to the plane of symmetry of the device. This eccentricity tends to offset the jaw brackets against each other (skew). Due to the inclinations increase the specific pressures that are exerted on individual areas of the slide plates 12 and 20 respectively. This can cause eaters on the surfaces of the slide plates 12 and 20, respectively.

In the proposed structure of the forging device, the size of this undesirable eccentricity is reduced by the width B _{1 of} the working surface at each jaw 7-10 or 20-24 being smaller than the width B2 of its bearing surface (B ₁ / B ₂ = 0.5 - 0.9). The reduction of the inclinations in the forging device to be patented is also achieved by means of the centering guides 14 and 15, respectively.

The centering guides are arranged on the inclined surfaces of the one jaw holders and engage in the centering grooves of the other jaw holders. By the centering guides 14 and 15, the inclinations between the jaw holders are substantially reduced. To reduce the inclinations between the holders 5, 6 and 18, 19 for the side jaws and the holders 1, 3 and 16, 17 for the upper and lower jaw, the side connecting guides 11 have an F-shaped cross-section. This section of the lateral connecting guides 11 ensures a firmer kinematic connection of the holders 5, 6 and 18, 19 for the lateral jaws with the holders 1, 3 and 16, 17 for the upper and lower jaw. This cross section also reduces the inclinations between the sliding plates 12 and 20 in the friction pairings and, accordingly, the possible formation of scores on the sliding surfaces of the sliding plates 12 and 20, respectively.

Claims (2)

1. A four-jaw forging device with a holder (1 and 16, respectively) for an upper jaw (9 and 23, respectivley) and a holder (3 and 17, respectively) for a lower jaw (7 and 21, respectively), wherein the holders (1, 3 and 16, 17, respectively) are provided with oblique surfaces and are kinematically connected with holders (5, 6, and 18, 19, respectively) for lateral jaws (8, 10 and 22, 24, respectively), and are also provided with correspondingly oblique surfaces on the holders (1, 3 and 16, 17, respectively) for the upper and the lower jaws (7, 9 and 21, 23, respectively), wherein gliding plates (12 and 20, respectively) are arranged on the oblique surfaces of the holders (1, 3; 16, 17; 5, 6; and 18, 19, respectively) for the upper, the lower and the lateral jaws (7, 9; 21, 23; 8, 10; 22, 24, respectively), wherein eight lateral connecting guides (11) provide a kinematic connection between the holders (1, 3 and 16, 17, respectively) for the upper and lower jaw (7, 9 and 21, 23, respectively) with the holders (5, 6, 18, 19) for the lateral jaws (8, 10, 22, 24), wherein four jaws with working and support faces are installed in the jaw holders, and wherein a system for the supply of lubricant to the friction pairs of sliding plates (12 and 20) is provided,
   characterized in that
   the centering guides (14 and 15) are provided, which have been installed in the oblique surfaces of the holders (1, 3 and 16, 17, respectively) for the lower and the upper jaw (7, 9 and 21, 23, respectively) and in the oblique surfaces of the holders (5, 6,18, 19) for the lateral jaws (8, 10 and 22, 24, respectively) on one or several levels, wherein the levels of the centering guides (14 and 15, respectively) extend perpendicularly in relation to the longitudinal center plane (0 - 0) of the device, that the width B₁ of the working surface of each jaw (7 to 10 and 20 to 24, respectively) amounts to 0.5 to 0.9 of the width B₂ of the engagement surface of the jaws (7 to 10 and 20 to 24, respectively), and that the entire contact surface (S₁) of the sliding plates (12 and 20, respectively) on the oblique surfaces of the holders (5, 6 and 18, 19, respectively) for the lateral jaws (8, 10 and 22, 24, respectively), and of the sliding plates (12 and 20, respectively) on the holders (1, 3 and 16, 17, respectively) for the upper and the lower jaw (7, 9 and 21, 23, respectively) in the closed device in relation to the total surface (S₂) of the projection of the working surfaces of the lateral jaws (8, 10 and 22, 24, respectively) onto the longitudinal center plane (0 - 0) of the device is determined by the relation S₁/S₂ ≥2.5.
2. The device in accordance with claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the centering guides (14 and 15, respectively) are arranged on the oblique surfaces of the holders (1, 3 and 16, 17, respectively) for the upper and the lower jaw (7, 9 and 21, 23, respectively) in the longitudinal center plane (0 - 0) of the device, and
   the centering grooves are conducted through the walls of the grooves cut into the oblique surfaces of the holders (5, 6 and 18, 19, respectively) for the lateral jaws (8, 10 and 22, 24, respectively), as well as through the lateral faces of the sliding plates (12 and 20, respectively).

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