EP2622111A2 - Procédé et dispositif de projection thermique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de projection thermique

Info

Publication number
EP2622111A2
EP2622111A2 EP11827768.0A EP11827768A EP2622111A2 EP 2622111 A2 EP2622111 A2 EP 2622111A2 EP 11827768 A EP11827768 A EP 11827768A EP 2622111 A2 EP2622111 A2 EP 2622111A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
nozzle
compressed gas
gas flow
filler material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11827768.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2622111B1 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Paczkowski
Christian Rupprecht
Bernhard Wielage
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Chemnitz
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Chemnitz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Chemnitz filed Critical Technische Universitaet Chemnitz
Publication of EP2622111A2 publication Critical patent/EP2622111A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2622111B1 publication Critical patent/EP2622111B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/50—Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/203—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for thermal spraying, in particular for arc spraying with filler material, as it is, for example, the wire arc spraying, according to the preamble of the first and eighth claim, wherein a filler material, usually two electrically conductive wires, melted by an arc and means a compressed gas (also called atomizing gas) are sprayed at high speeds in the range of 1 Mach and larger on a prepared surface.
  • a filler material usually two electrically conductive wires, melted by an arc and means a compressed gas (also called atomizing gas) are sprayed at high speeds in the range of 1 Mach and larger on a prepared surface.
  • a burner with a corresponding nozzle with a preferably centric flow opening for the compressed gas is used.
  • the wires are fed through current-carrying sleeves with different polarity, with a wire feed device being used for this purpose.
  • a short arc is generated which, due to its high temperature (greater than 5000 K), partially melts the wire-shaped spray additive.
  • One or more atomizer gas nozzles guide the atomizing gas directed to the molten material phase due to the dynamic pressure of the
  • Nebulizer gas flow atomizes the material phase and accelerates it by momentum transfer of the gas phase in the resulting free jet.
  • the atomizing gas amount is continuously conveyed. This leads to massive Rezirkulations concerningen behind the wire-shaped spray additive, with the result that molten sprayed in the field of wire ends on the
  • Thermal spraying is to produce relatively rough wear layers in that the particles impinging on the surface are greater than 0.2 mm and reach the surface by the action of gravity. It is possible, the particles through
  • Trigger pulses in particular by compressed gas pulses, from the molten filler material.
  • the velocities generated by the compressed gas are thus very low.
  • This method is not suitable for the production of thin uniform and firmly adhering layers. Furthermore, this solution does not prevent the settling of molten particles on the nozzle or on the wire. Due to the system, it is only possible with this method to work with a burner pointing downwards, whereby no coatings are possible in other spatial directions.
  • a method for operating a plasma spray torch is known from document CH 578 622.
  • the working gas before its entry into the nozzle has a pressure of greater than or equal to 7 atmospheres and the fuel flow of the arc to a value of greater than or equal to 1000 amps.
  • the gas stream of the working gas and the fuel stream are pulsed synchronously, with the gas flow through the nozzle and the fuel flow between the pulses to values close to or equal to zero.
  • the plasma spraying burner has a pin-shaped cathode. This is followed in the direction of work by an anodically connected Laval nozzle, which widens in the working direction.
  • a DC voltage generates an arc between the anode and the cathode and the working gas flowing through the plasma torch, which contains particulate spray material, is passed through the arc and thereby ionized, producing a plasma jet which flows through the nozzle above the nozzle inlet and thus within the plasma spray torch and exits from this at a speed of a few 1000 m / s, bouncing on the substrate to be coated and this coated with the molten particles.
  • the cathode is moved axially over cams up and down, so that the nozzle inlet is opened and closed in a pulsed manner. In this case, the nozzle inlet of the anodically connected nozzle is not complete be closed, as this would lead to a short circuit. There is thus always a flow of the working gas.
  • a modulated / pulsating gas flow at a temporal is preferred
  • Nebulizer gas nozzle generated.
  • the high-pressure gas flow preferably expands in the nozzle to speeds greater than Mach 1. These high speeds of the
  • Atomizing gas ensures a Bescheun only the melted
  • the modulation of the gas flow of the compressed gas takes place in
  • Supplementary leads is preferred depending on the electrical parameters (current, voltage or current-voltage characteristic) of the current source voltage and / or in dependence on the fluid mechanical
  • the change in the frequency of the pulse of the gas flow of the atomizing gas is preferably carried out with a frequency from 20 Hz, wherein it is also possible, if necessary, to change the frequency or the pulse duration of the gas flow during the coating process.
  • the device according to the invention has a device for generating a
  • Compressed gas which flows out at high velocity through a nozzle and the molten material of the filler injected onto a surface, means are provided according to the invention, through which a modulated / pulsating gas flow of high velocity of the compressed gas can be generated, through which the formation of a quasi-stationary vortex field of the behind the spray filler and behind the short arc prevented or at least restricted.
  • a modulated / pulsating gas flow of high velocity of the compressed gas can be generated, through which the formation of a quasi-stationary vortex field of the behind the spray filler and behind the short arc prevented or at least restricted.
  • Most (eg thermal spraying) of the filler material in the form of two electrically conductive wires is formed, the ends of which are arranged in the region of the outlet of the nozzle or between the nozzle outlet and the surface to be coated, wherein in the region of the ends of the filler, through the means arranged in the device, a modulated / pulsating gas flow of the compressed gas with a time variation of the atomizing gas volumetric flow, the restriction or prevention of the quasi-stationary vortex field.
  • the means may be formed for example in the form of the gas flow of the pressure gas changing valves or in the form of mechanical elements and according to the required pulses interrupt the gas flow and greatly reduce and release again.
  • the mechanical elements are preferably arranged in a pressure line leading to the nozzle for the compressed gas and may be formed, for example, in the form of an angle to the pressure line through this rotatable shaft having one or more transverse bores in the region of the pressure line and by rotation the flow of the compressed gas locks or greatly reduces or releases.
  • the means are designed in particular in the form of valves which change the gas flow, which may be, for example, high-performance valves which ensure a fast switching frequency.
  • the nozzle is designed in the manner of a nebulizer gas nozzle, in particular a Laval nozzle, which extends in Direction of flow of the gas first tapers and then expanded again, whereby the gas flow is first braked and then expanded, whereby its speed increases again.
  • the filler material is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle in a shallow angle of attack, which is a maximum of 90 ° to 0 °, preferably about 25 ° ⁇ 5 °, with its ends in the region of the nozzle outlet or between the nozzle outlet and the to be coated surface.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the Drahtvorschub- device with which the filler material is tracked, not realized as usual, a continuous tracking of the wire, but the wire feed discontinuously, or gradually regulates, such that the tracking of the wire in particular depending / correlation with the pulses of the pulsating
  • the conceptual approach of the invention is based on a targeted, "high velocity" 'modulated' gas flow adapted to the process (or a temporal change in sputtering gas volumetric flow) to prevent settling of the molten phase (s) behind the wire ends and beyond the arc (preferably outside the nozzle).
  • This "pulsation" is preferably realized by high-performance solenoid valves, which relate their control signal as a function of the time interval of melting or melting a corresponding material fraction of the wire-shaped spray additive.
  • the high pressure gas flow is directed through suitable nebulizer gas nozzles (Laval similar) directed to speeds greater than Mach 1.
  • Wire ends is greatly reduced due to the pulsed gas flow and minimizes beam divergence.
  • the recirculation areas in the region of the wire ends are also greatly reduced, so that the melt film or drops do not or only partially recirculate and oxidize in these fluidized areas.
  • the control signal of the solenoid valves is synchronized with the control circuit of the current voltage source for better process control.
  • the nebulizer gas nozzles are designed mass flow-specific for this process. Achievable results include:
  • Expansion nozzles of the particle-loaded free jet can be influenced so that set higher particle velocities and lower spray jet divergences.
  • the basis for the invention is the utilization of a pulsed high-velocity gas flow of the atomizing gas.
  • valves The gas flow pulsed by valves becomes dependent on the electrical parameters (current, voltage - including their frequencies - and current-voltage characteristics) and depending on the fluid mechanics
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic representation of a device according to the invention with a device
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a variant for the mechanical pulses of
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for coating the surface 1 a of a base material 1, whereby a spray layer 2 was produced by means of wire arc spraying.
  • a filler material 3 here two wires, is guided in contact tubes 4. Both contact tubes 4 are connected to a voltage source 5, so that they are poled differently.
  • the filler material 3 is by one
  • Wire feed device 6 trackable.
  • the ends of the filler material 3 are between the unspecified outlet of the nozzle 7 and the surface 1 a of the base material 1. Its melting takes place via the voltage source 5, by their application between the mutually facing ends of the filler material 3, an arc is formed, whereby the ends of the filler material 3.
  • a pressurized gas 8 (represented by an arrow, also referred to as a sputtering gas) flows pulsed and at high speed in the direction of the base material 1 the molten material of the filler material 3 on the surface 1 a injected and the sprayed layer 2 is generated.
  • a mist 3a forms from the ablated filler material, whereby there is the danger that a quasi-stationary eddy field, i. forms massive recirculation areas behind the wire-shaped spray additive of the molten material in front of the nozzle in the region of the ends of the filler material, which can lead to
  • Trajectories dwells and oxidized in this time due to the atmospheric oxygen of the ambient or compressed air.
  • an alternating current or a pulsed direct current is preferably generated, wherein the pressurized gas 8 is pulsed by a corresponding device 9, which has a high-performance valve not designated, in particular in dependence on the frequency of the voltage source (in particular synchronously thereto).
  • a corresponding device 9 which has a high-performance valve not designated, in particular in dependence on the frequency of the voltage source (in particular synchronously thereto).
  • the required frequency of pulsation of the pressurized gas required for preventing the settling of droplets on the equipment or their removal can be determined by a few experiments and is preferably> 20 Hz.
  • the speed of the gas flow of the compressed gas is greater than 1 after the nozzle at Mach numbers.
  • the Drahtanstellwinkel ⁇ of the filler material 3 is very flat and is preferably in the range of about 10 ° relative to the longitudinal axis A of the nozzle. 7
  • the flow cross-section of the nozzle 7 decreases in the flow direction in the manner of a diffuser and then widens again in the manner of a confuser, whereby the compressed gas 8 is accelerated. Its speed is after the nozzle Mach 1 and more, whereby an excellent homogeneity of the spray layer 2 and a good adhesion to the base material 1 is ensured.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of a variant for the mechanical pulsing of the compressed gas is shown in FIG.
  • the means for generating the pulsating gas flow are integrated into the pressure line 10 for the compressed gas and can the gas flow
  • the pressure line 10 through a housing 1 1 in which at an angle of 90 ° and thus transverse to the pressure line 10 a this interrupting and is arranged by this rotatable shaft 12 is arranged.
  • the rotatable shaft 12 has in the region of the pressure line 10 a transverse bore 13 in the form of a
  • the shaft 12 is rotatably supported by bearings 14 in the housing 1 1.
  • the flow of the pressurized gas is alternately locked or released and thereby generates the pulsating gas flow.
  • the frequency with which the gas flow pulsates can be determined in a simple manner by the rotational speed of the shaft, which is driven by a motor, not shown here.
  • the solution according to the invention as a whole creates a simple and practical possibility for reducing or avoiding the developing vortex region of melted particles of the filler material and thereby undesirable settling or residence of particles / drops of the melted filler material on the burner / nozzle and / or on the filler material even avoided. As a result, a high-quality coating result can be realized.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de projection thermique, en particulier de projection par arc électrique au moyen d'un métal d'apport (3) qui est fondu par l'intermédiaire d'un arc électrique produit au moyen d'électrodes. Selon ce procédé, le gaz comprimé (8) sort d'une buse (7) à une vitesse élevée et projette le matériau fondu du métal d'apport (3) sur une surface préparée (1a). Selon l'invention, le gaz comprimé (8) est produit au moyen d'un écoulement gazeux modulé/pulsé à vitesse élevée, ce qui limite ou empêche la formation d'une zone de turbulences indésirable dans le matériau fondu au niveau des extrémités du métal d'apport (3). Le dispositif selon l'invention présente un appareil servant à produire le gaz comprimé (8) à vitesse élevée ainsi que des moyens permettant de produire l'écoulement gazeux modulé/pulsé à vitesse élevée de façon à empêcher un dépôt ou la présence pendant un certain temps de particules/gouttelettes de matériau fondu au niveau de la buse (7) et/ou du métal d'apport (3) et/ou à éliminer les particules/gouttelettes déposées au niveau de la buse.
EP11827768.0A 2010-09-29 2011-09-22 Procédé et dispositif de projection thermique Not-in-force EP2622111B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202010008661U DE202010008661U1 (de) 2010-09-29 2010-09-29 Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen
PCT/DE2011/075229 WO2012048703A2 (fr) 2010-09-29 2011-09-22 Procédé et dispositif de projection thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2622111A2 true EP2622111A2 (fr) 2013-08-07
EP2622111B1 EP2622111B1 (fr) 2015-04-08

Family

ID=45595662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11827768.0A Not-in-force EP2622111B1 (fr) 2010-09-29 2011-09-22 Procédé et dispositif de projection thermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2622111B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE202010008661U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012048703A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103480519B (zh) * 2013-09-22 2017-01-25 张志宇 抗断电的电弧喷枪

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH578622A5 (fr) 1972-03-16 1976-08-13 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
DE4334610A1 (de) 1993-10-11 1995-04-13 Krupp Polysius Ag Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Oberfläche durch thermisches Spritzen
EP0879645A3 (fr) 1997-05-24 1999-05-26 Grillo-Werke AG Procédé de nettoyage du fil utilisé lors de la pulvérisation par arc électrique ainsi que dispositif adapté à la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012048703A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2622111B1 (fr) 2015-04-08
WO2012048703A4 (fr) 2012-10-18
DE112011103335A5 (de) 2013-07-04
WO2012048703A3 (fr) 2012-07-05
DE202010008661U1 (de) 2012-01-13
WO2012048703A2 (fr) 2012-04-19

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