Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
  • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of modular construction.
• the invention relates more particularly to a modular building block for the construction of residential, industrial, agricultural buildings, ...
• the concrete block or manufactured concrete block (abbreviated BBM) is a molded masonry element that is used in a large majority of current constructions. It is usually a molded concrete block, gray, shaped hollow parallelepiped.
• the invention does not pose these problems related to modular building blocks of the prior art. Indeed, the invention relates to a modular building block.
• such a modular building block comprises an injected plastic structure of generally rectangular parallelepipedic shape having two longitudinal walls, two transverse walls and one wall. upper substantially flat, said longitudinal walls defining with said transverse walls and said upper wall, at least one inner recess, each of said longitudinal walls comprising:
• At least one lug extending from the base of the longitudinal wall to a predetermined height h of the longitudinal wall.
• the invention offers a compromise between thermal resistance, price and thickness of the building material.
• the use of an insulating plastic structure makes it possible to greatly increase the thermal resistance of the building block.
• the use of the profiles and tenons ensures greater grip of the concrete when the modular building block is poured and thus prevent deterioration of the wall by time.
• the use of traditional concrete offers the advantage of allowing the implementation of traditional facing, on the side of the wall that is in contact with the outside.
• a plastic profile defines a spacing of at least 17 mm with said side wall on which it is molded.
• the concrete can flow uniformly during the manufacture of the building block while ensuring a good grip and thus a building block resistant to weathering.
• a concrete wall is cast on at least one of said longitudinal walls.
• a building block with a concrete face and to implement another facing on the other side, for example after the implementation of the wall or building.
• a concrete wall is cast on each of said longitudinal walls.
• said transverse walls are shaped such that a transverse wall of said building block fits into a transverse wall of another building block.
• gripping means are arranged at the ends of said upper wall.
• said upper wall comprises graduation marks.
• said plastic structure comprises a plurality of cells.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a modular building block as previously described. According to the invention, such a method comprises the steps of:
• the invention also relates to the plastic structure as previously described, intended to construct a modular building block.
• Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a modular building block in a first embodiment
• FIG. 2 presents a perspective view, without concrete, of a structure plastic of the modular building block of the first embodiment
• Figure 3 shows a side view, without concrete, of the female side wall of the plastic structure of the modular building block of the first embodiment
• Figure 4 shows a side view, without concrete, of the male side wall of the plastic structure of the modular building block of the first embodiment
• Figure 5 shows a side sectional view of the plastic structure of the modular building block of the first embodiment
• Figure 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the plastic structure of the modular building block of the first embodiment
• Figure 7 shows a bottom view of the plastic structure of the modular building block of the first embodiment
• Figures 8 to 15 show views of a modular building block in a second embodiment adapted to a construction of wall corners
• Figures 16 to 21 show views of a modular building block in a third embodiment in the form of a planelle.
• the invention relates to modular building blocks for the construction of a building wall.
• the invention also relates to constructions obtained by stacking such modular building blocks, as well as a method of manufacturing such modular blocks.
• the invention therefore proposes a modular building block comprising an insulating plastic structure.
• the invention also relates to an insulating plastic structure as described below.
• An object of the invention is also to provide a modular building block that does not require the addition of concrete or other material to be cast, within the core of the block, to ensure rigidity and sealing.
• the object of the invention is to make the construction based on more ecological concrete. The inventors have therefore made sure to solve on the one hand the stability and rigidity problems of the modular building blocks of the invention and on the other hand to reduce the amount of concrete used.
• the modular building block according to the invention thus comprises an insulating structure of injected plastic structure generally having a rectangular parallelepiped shape. On at least one wall of this structure, concrete is poured and compressed to form a planelle. The assembly thus formed constitutes the modular building block of the invention.
• the plastic used in this insulating structure is for example recycled polystyrene.
• the use of such a material has many advantages. On the one hand polystyrene is unanimously recognized for its insulating qualities. On the other hand this opens a new way of reusing polystyrene.
• the polystyrene provides rigidity essential to the construction of a wall.
• the level of rigidity and stability of the building block is the level of rigidity and stability of the building block.
• the building block is rigid on one hand and stable on the other. Rigidity is necessary for maintaining the block as such. Stability is required to mount multiple blocks on top of each other without the risk of the wall being erected.
• the injected plastic structure of the invention further comprises means for vertical interlocking of modular building blocks of the invention. These vertical interlocking means thus make it possible to mount a plurality of modular building blocks according to the invention, for example in overlap. In addition, such a vertical interlocking system reduces the amount of adhesive mortar to be applied between the building blocks.
• the modular building block of the invention also comprises horizontal interlocking means for interlocking the building blocks horizontally with one another.
• the invention makes it possible to mount much more simply than the existing techniques, a wall whose horizontal plumb and the vertical plumb are much simpler to implement. . This is made possible, as will be explained later, through the use of the injected plastic structure.
• One of the objects of the invention is to propose a modular building block having good insulation properties without excessively high cost, while keeping a footprint identical or equivalent to the footprint of a concrete block.
• To do this concrete is poured and compressed on at least one of the walls of the injected plastic structure to form a concrete wall.
• the concrete is poured and compressed on the two longitudinal walls of the building block.
• the thickness of the resulting wall is substantially the same as the thickness of a longitudinal wall of a conventional concrete block.
• the method of manufacturing a modular building block according to the invention is as follows: injection and molding of the plastic structure, delivering a bare structure.
• the walls of the plastic structure that are intended to be in contact with concrete are specially configured to allow the grip of the concrete when it is dry and thus ensure that the plastic concrete assistant does not come off and therefore prevent degradation of the outer facing of the building mounted with modular blocks object of the invention.
• the plastic used is also likely to allow or not a good grip of the concrete.
• the use of recycled polystyrene has all the characteristics required for the grip on concrete.
• other plastics such as polypropylene. But such use will require special treatment of this polypropylene.
• the modular building block object of the present invention is described, in a general embodiment, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
• the modular building block B l comprises an injected plastic structure 10 of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape having two longitudinal walls (11, 12), two transverse walls (13, 14) and a substantially flat upper wall (15), said longitudinal walls. (11, 12) defining with said transverse walls (13, 14) and said upper wall (15) at least one inner recess (16). On this plastic structure, two concrete walls are adjoined (20, 30).
• At least one of the longitudinal walls (1 1, 12) comprises a plurality of profiles (PI to P4) which extend over most of the height of the longitudinal wall (11, 12). As will be explained later, these profiles are used to allow the grip of the concrete after the concrete has been poured and compressed on the injected plastic structure (10) to form the modular building block B1 according to the invention.
• the profiles are extensions of the wall, and may for example take the form of T to allow the passage of concrete during the manufacture of the building block.
• the profile may also have a contained dovetail shape or a contained dovetail. In this particular embodiment, the profile is an integral part of the wall. It may also, in another embodiment, be reported later thereto, by fixing means.
• the profiles (PI to P4) having at least one tenon (T1 to T3) extending from the base of the longitudinal wall to a predetermined height h of the longitudinal wall corresponding to the total height of the wall to which are subtracted a particle size (for example 17 mm), a function of the concrete which is used for the manufacture of the modular building block and an interlocking height (for example 19.24 mm) which makes it possible to fit a block of modular construction of the invention on another as will be explained later.
• the transverse walls (13, 14) are in turn shaped so that they fit into one another. In other words, the shapes of the transverse walls are created such that for a given modular building block, there is a female transverse wall (13) and a male transverse wall (14).
• the transverse male wall 14 comprises tabs (14-1, 14-2) extending over the entire height of the wall 14. These tabs are located on each side of a shoulder ( 14-3) also extending the full height of the male transverse wall 14.
• the female transverse wall 13 comprises tabs (13-1, 13-2) configured to guide the tongues (14-1, 14-2) during nesting and slitting (13-3, 13-2). 4) configured to house the tabs (14-1, 14-2). These tongues and these grooves extend over the entire height of the wall 13.
• the internal recess (16) formed inside the plastic structure by the longitudinal (11, 12), transverse (13, 14) and upper (15) walls is configured to fulfill certain particular functions.
• this configuration is only one of the possible embodiments for the implementation of the transverse walls.
• these configurations and the resulting benefits are directly related to the use of plastic injected structure 10. Indeed, these configurations and advantages would be more difficult to obtain using for example clay (as cala is done for the brick making) or non-rigid insulating materials (hemp for example).
• the advantage provided by the invention is to implement a rigid insulating material and injectable (in a mold) which ensures, as soon as the manufacture of the plastic structure, that the ribs required for implementation, for example vertical nesting (one block over another) or horizontal nesting (one block next to another) will be possible.
• horizontal interlocking and vertical interlocking saves a large amount of glue.
• the inventors have estimated that it is possible to save a very large quantity of adhesive mortar by using the modular building blocks of the invention in place of traditional concrete blocks, without it being necessary to modify the type of adhesive used. For example, it is not necessary to introduce adhesive mortar between two blocks nested side by side.
• the horizontal interlocking and the vertical interlocking prevent the formation of thermal bridges.
• the modular building block which is the subject of the present invention is described, in a particular embodiment, adapted for use at the end of a wall, in relation to FIGS. 8 to 15.
• the modular building block B2 comprises, as for the previous embodiment, an injected plastic structure 10 of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape having two longitudinal walls (11, 12), two transverse walls (13, 14) and an upper wall ( 15) substantially flat, said longitudinal walls (11, 12) defining with said transverse walls (13, 14) and said upper wall (15), at least one inner recess (16).
• the plastic structure is substantially identical, in its external form, to that described in relation with the block B1.
• this plastic structure comprises a cylinder (17) extending vertically from the base to the top of the structure.
• the diameter of this cylinder is 155 mm. It is a standard diameter.
• the object of this embodiment of the building block is to have a building block that allows to mount the corners of the walls of the buildings. dwellings.
• this building block B2 makes it possible to scrap and cement the corners of the walls, in the usual way.
• block B2 further comprises a third concrete wall, which takes place at one of the lateral ends.
• the concrete walls of the longitudinal walls are small. To allow lateral nesting (on the left or right side of block B2).
• the modular building block B2 can be used outside the corners, for example for the passage of pipes or fluids in general.
• the modular building block object of the present invention is described, in a particular embodiment in connection with Figures 16 to 21.
• the building block of the invention offers the planelle function.
• a planelle is a building block located on the periphery of a floor and of the same nature as the material used for vertical walls.
• One of the problems with planelles is that they are usually a source of thermal bridges created by the wall / floor junction.
• This embodiment of the invention does not have these disadvantages. Indeed, it is imposed in the construction standards that the planelles are made of the same material as that used for walls and floors. But it is this identity of material which is at the origin of the thermal bridges.
• the modular building block B3 of the invention does not have these disadvantages.
• the modular building block B3 comprises, as for the previous embodiment, an injection-molded plastic structure 10 in the shape of an "L" (AA section) having two longitudinal walls (11, 12), two transverse walls (13, 14). and two substantially planar upper walls (15, 15 '), said longitudinal walls (11, 12) defining with said transverse walls (13, 14) and said upper walls (15, 15'), at least one inner recess (16) .
• this B3 building block avoids the formation of thermal bridges during the construction of the building.
• the external environment, with which the longitudinal wall 11 is in contact is not contact with the inside (the longitudinal wall 12). There is therefore no creation of thermal bridge and therefore no need to add thermal bridge breakers, as is frequently encountered.
• the slab that is cast or mounted subsequently is also not in contact with the outside of the building. Thus, the insulation of the building is total.
• the plastic structure has a substantially flat upper wall (15) extending longitudinally from one end to the other of the modular building block. At the ends of this wall, gripping means are arranged (PI, P2) to allow on the one hand a simplified handling of the building block and on the other hand a simpler installation for adjusting the male part of the block. laying on the female part of the already laid block and vice versa.
• the upper wall (15) comprises graduation markings. These graduation pens make it possible to cut the modular building block more easily.
• the upper wall (15) comprises a marking of direction of laying. This marking makes it possible, under certain laying conditions, to orient the building blocks in the same direction. This is particularly useful when, as is the case in some embodiments of the invention, the external surfaces (ExtA, ExtB) of the building block have different properties and that one of the surfaces must imperatively be in contact with the outside.
• the plastic structure 10 comprises cells (Alv1 to Alv5). These cells are recesses of the plastic structure. They are used to define volumes in which the air is trapped at the time of mounting the wall. Once the building block is placed, the air present in the cells does not not move in the wall. The air thus trapped thus participates passively in the thermal resistance offered in fine by the modular building block of the invention.
• additional insulating elements are added inside the cells of the plastic structure: complementary sound-insulating elements, complementary elements of thermal insulation.
• complementary elements may be, in a first embodiment, in the form of square pyramids which are arranged inside the modular building block. The size and orientation of these pyramids are calculated so that the block allows a sound insulation of the wall when it is mounted.
• the profiles (PI to P4) and the tenons (T1 to T3) are configured according to the particle size of the concrete used in the manufacture of the building block of the invention. More specifically, the section of the profiles is 17 mm for a standard concrete. Similarly, the width of the base of a stud is 17 mm (see section A-A).
• the invention also relates to a plastic structure as defined previously.
• the injected plastic structure 10 is of generally rectangular parallelepipedal shape and has two longitudinal walls (11, 12), two transverse walls (13, 14) and a substantially flat upper wall (15), said longitudinal walls (11, 12) defining with said transverse walls (13, 14) and said upper wall (15), at least one inner recess (16).
• each of said longitudinal walls comprises:
• the cells are filled with an insulating material, which is substituted for air to provide better insulation to the final modular building block.
• Such filling of the cells can be achieved using the aid of glass, rock wool, expanded polyurethane foam.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-09-20 FR FR1057519A patent/FR2957371B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-09-12 WO PCT/EP2011/065782 patent/WO2012038295A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2011-09-12 EP EP11754882.6A patent/EP2619378B1/de active Active

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