EP2610049A2 - Procédé de commande d'une presse hydraulique - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'une presse hydraulique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2610049A2
EP2610049A2 EP20120008248 EP12008248A EP2610049A2 EP 2610049 A2 EP2610049 A2 EP 2610049A2 EP 20120008248 EP20120008248 EP 20120008248 EP 12008248 A EP12008248 A EP 12008248A EP 2610049 A2 EP2610049 A2 EP 2610049A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
main
pump
hydraulic fluid
main electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20120008248
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2610049B2 (fr
EP2610049A3 (fr
EP2610049B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Heitzler
Ulrich Salamon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L Schuler GmbH
Original Assignee
Schuler SMG GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Schuler SMG GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Schuler SMG GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2610049A2 publication Critical patent/EP2610049A2/fr
Publication of EP2610049A3 publication Critical patent/EP2610049A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2610049B1 publication Critical patent/EP2610049B1/fr
Publication of EP2610049B2 publication Critical patent/EP2610049B2/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
    • B30B15/166—Electrical control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/14—Energy-recuperation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546—Type of pump variable capacity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20569—Type of pump capable of working as pump and motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20576—Systems with pumps with multiple pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
    • F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a hydraulic press having at least one main pump which is drivable by means of a main electric motor and by means of a hydraulic fluid is conveyed to an adjustable press part, wherein the main electric motor during an idling phase of the hydraulic press switched off and switched on again at the end of the idling phase and is raised to a predetermined speed.
  • a hydraulic press is used, for example, for forming metal blanks and has at least one press part, for example a plunger, which can be moved by applying pressurized hydraulic fluid between different positions.
  • a plunger which can be moved by applying pressurized hydraulic fluid between different positions.
  • at least one main electric motor is activated, ie supplied with electrical energy and raised to a predetermined speed.
  • the main electric motor drives a main pump, which delivers the hydraulic fluid under pressure to the plunger. If the ram has reached its final position after forming, or if the press is in another idle or idling phase, no further hydraulic fluid needs to be pumped for a short time. In order to reduce the consumption of electrical energy of the press, it has been attempted to switch off the main electric motor during the idling phase.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for controlling a hydraulic press of the type mentioned, in which on the one hand the stresses of the main electric motor and the switching devices are avoided at startup and on the other hand, the consumption of electrical Energy is lower than with a constantly running main electric motor.
  • the main pump for starting the main electric motor is switched to a drive mode in which it is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it and drives the main electric motor, that the hydraulic fluid conveyed by means of an auxiliary drive through the main pump so that the main pump drives the main electric motor, and that the main electric motor is supplied with electric power upon reaching a predetermined speed and the main pump is switched to a pump mode in which it conveys the hydraulic fluid in a conventional manner.
  • the basic idea of this embodiment of the invention is not to drive up the main electric motor from standstill or a greatly reduced speed by means of electrical energy, but first to accelerate the main electric motor by means of the associated main pump until a predetermined speed, For example, the idle speed of the main electric motor is reached, and only then to connect the main electric motor to the mains, ie to apply electrical energy.
  • the main pump is switchable between a normal operating mode, ie the pump mode in which it conveys the hydraulic fluid in a conventional manner, and a drive mode in which it is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it and thereby connected to it Main electric motor drives and brings to the desired speed.
  • a normal operating mode ie the pump mode in which it conveys the hydraulic fluid in a conventional manner
  • a drive mode in which it is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it and thereby connected to it
  • Main electric motor drives and brings to the desired speed.
  • the main pump is switched to a drive mode in which it is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it and drives the main electric motor, so that it is maintained at a predetermined speed that the hydraulic fluid by means of an auxiliary drive through the Main pump is pumped so that the main pump drives the main electric motor, and that the main electric motor then supplied with electrical energy and the main pump is switched to a pump mode.
  • the main electric motor When the idle phase of the hydraulic press is relatively short, the main electric motor is maintained at a speed close to its idle speed. However, this is not achieved by electrical energy according to the invention, but the main electric motor is kept at the predetermined speed by means of the associated main pump. Only at the end of the idle or idle phase of the hydraulic press, ie when again a promotion of hydraulic fluid is necessary, the main electric motor is reconnected to the mains and supplied with electrical energy and the main pump is switched to the pump mode in which it promotes the hydraulic fluid in the usual way.
  • the hydraulic fluid can be conveyed by the auxiliary pump through the main pump and thereby drive them.
  • the auxiliary drive can be an auxiliary electric motor which drives an auxiliary pump by means of which the hydraulic fluid is conveyed through the main pump.
  • the auxiliary electric motor can be in constant operation with relatively low power, which consumes only low electrical energy.
  • main pumps can deliver the hydraulic fluid to different adjustable press parts.
  • one of the main electric motors together with the associated main pump forms the auxiliary drive and promotes the hydraulic fluid through the at least one further main pump, whereby this is driven and in turn its further associated main Electric motor brings to the desired speed or stops on this.
  • the auxiliary drive is formed by the adjustable press part, for example the plunger.
  • the plunger When the plunger is lowered, it usually displaces hydraulic fluid which, according to the invention, passes through and drives the main pump in drive mode, whereby the main electric motor associated with the main pump is driven and brought to the desired speed.
  • the rotational speed of the main electric motor is preferably monitored by means of a tachogenerator.
  • a tachogenerator can be omitted.
  • a speed signal corresponding to the actual speed of the main engine is fed to a controller in which it is checked whether the main electric motor is running at a desired speed or has already reached it.
  • the main electric motor is switched to be supplied with and driven by electric power.
  • the main pump is switched to the pump mode where it is driven by the main electric motor and pumps the hydraulic fluid.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of the hydraulic circuit arrangement of a hydraulic press.
  • a main pump P 1 is connected via a line L 1 with a supply V of hydraulic fluid in connection and can suck them from the supply V and to lead in a line L 2 a consumer, not shown.
  • a check valve RS is arranged, which is unlocked via a switching valve YRS.
  • the auxiliary pump P H is driven by means of an auxiliary electric motor M H.
  • a release valve Y is arranged in the line L 3.
  • the main pump P 1 is connected to a main electric motor M 1 , which is supplied with electrical energy, which can be switched on and off by means of a switch K in the form of a power contactor.
  • the speed of the main electric motor M 1 is detected by means of a tachogenerator T, which supplies a corresponding speed signal to a controller for evaluation.
  • the main pump P 1 can be switched between a normal pump mode and a drive mode.
  • the main electric motor M 1 supplied with electrical energy and rotated, causing the located in pump mode main pump P 1 is driven and thereby sucks hydraulic fluid from the supply V via the line L 1 and fed through the check valve RS in the line L 2 to the consumer ,
  • the check valve RS is unlocked via the switching valve YRS and the release valve Y is opened.
  • the main pump P 1 is switched to its drive mode.
  • the hydraulic fluid is then sucked from the auxiliary pump P H , which is driven by the auxiliary electric motor M H , from the supply V 'and fed via the line L 3 and the line L 2 through the main pump P 1 to the supply V.
  • the hydraulic fluid flows through the main pump P 1 , which is in its drive mode, that is, it is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it, thus driving the main electric motor M 1 , whereby this is powered up.
  • the rotational speed of the main electric motor M 1 is detected by means of the tachogenerator T.
  • the switch K is activated, whereby the main electric motor M 1 with electrical energy supplied and driven.
  • the associated main pump P 1 is again switched to the pump mode in which it is driven by the main electric motor M 1 .
  • the check valve RS is again locked and the release valve Y closed again, so that the hydraulic fluid can be supplied in the manner mentioned from the supply V to the consumer.
  • the main electric motor M 1 In a relatively short idle phase of the hydraulic press, the main electric motor M 1 is maintained at a predetermined speed.
  • the main pump P 1 in its drive mode is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it, thereby driving the main electric motor M 1 .
  • the controller recognizes that the main pump P 1 is in its drive mode and is driven by the hydraulic fluid, the supply of electrical energy to the main electric motor M 1 is switched off by means of the switch K.
  • the main electric motor M 1 is then maintained by the main pump P 1 at a desired speed, in particular close to the idling speed, which is monitored by the tachogenerator T and controlled by the controller.
  • the main electric motor M 1 is reconnected to the electric power supply via the switch K, and the main pump P 1 is returned to the pump mode in which it is driven by the main electric motor M 1 ,
  • the valves are switched so that the hydraulic fluid can be supplied in the manner mentioned from the supply V to the consumer.
  • FIG. 2 showed a section of the hydraulic circuit of a hydraulic press.
  • a first main pump P 1 via a line L 1 with a supply V 1 of hydraulic fluid in connection and can suck them from the supply V 1 and perform in a line L 2 a consumer, not shown.
  • a check valve RS is arranged, which is unlocked via a switching valve YRS.
  • the first main pump P 1 is connected to a first main electric motor M 1 , which is supplied with electrical energy, which can be switched on and off by means of a switch K in the form of a power contactor.
  • the speed of the first main electric motor M 1 is detected by means of a tachogenerator T, which supplies a corresponding speed signal to a controller for evaluation.
  • the first main pump P 1 can be switched between a normal pump mode and a drive mode.
  • a second main pump P 2 Parallel to the first main pump P 1 , a second main pump P 2 is arranged, which is connected via a line L 5 with a supply V 2 of hydraulic fluid in connection and suck them from the supply V 2 and in a line L 6 the can supply consumers not shown.
  • a further check valve RS2 is arranged and downstream of the check valve RS2, the lines L 2 and L 6 are merged.
  • the second main pump P 2 is connected to a second main electric motor M 2 , which is supplied with electrical energy by means of a switch K in the form of a Power contactor can be switched on and off.
  • the two main electric motors M 1 and M 2 are each supplied with electrical energy and rotated, whereby the main pumps P 1 and P 2 are driven and each hydraulic fluid from the respective supply V 1 or V 2 via the lines L 1 and L 5 suck and supply via the lines L 2 and L 6 to the consumer.
  • the first main electric motor M 1 is turned off by means of the switch K, whereby the first main pump P 1 comes to a standstill or at least in speed is lowered greatly.
  • the second main electric motor M 2 continues to run, wherein the second main pump P 2 , which is adjustable in the delivery quantity, is switched to zero, that is, it does not deliver any hydraulic fluid.
  • the check valve RS is initially unlocked via the switching valve YRS.
  • the hydraulic fluid is then drawn from the second main pump P 2 , which is driven by the second main electric motor M 2 , from the supply V 2 via the lines L 6 and L 2 through the first main pump P 1 through the supply V 1 supplied.
  • the hydraulic fluid flows through the first main pump P 1 , which is in its drive mode, that is, it is driven by the hydraulic fluid flowing through it, thus driving the first main electric motor M 1 , whereby this is started up.
  • the rotational speed of the first main electric motor M 1 is detected by means of the tachogenerator.
  • the switch K When the controller determines that the rotational speed of the first main electric motor M 1 has reached a desired rotational speed, the switch K is activated, whereby the first main electric motor M 1 is supplied with electric power and driven. At the same time, the associated first main pump P 1 is again switched to the pump mode in which it is driven by the first main electric motor M 1 . The check valve RS is locked again, so that the hydraulic fluid can be supplied in the manner mentioned by means of the two main pumps P 1 and P 2 from the respective supply V 1 and V 2 to the consumer.
  • the first main electric motor M 1 is disconnected from the electric power supply by means of the switch K, but kept at a predetermined speed by the first main pump P 1 , with the first main pump P 1 is in its drive mode and is driven by the pumped by the second main pump P 2 hydraulic fluid. Details are related to FIG. 1 described, but now the auxiliary drive is formed by the second main pump P 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a further alternative hydraulic circuit arrangement of a press according to the invention.
  • a main pump P 1 via a line L 1 with a supply V of hydraulic fluid in connection and can suck them from the supply V and supply in a line L 2 a consumer who in the illustrated embodiment of a hydraulically adjustable plunger S. educated is, which is adjustably received and guided in a cylinder Z.
  • a check valve RS which is unlocked via a switching valve YRS, and a release valve Y are arranged.
  • the main pump P 1 is connected to a main electric motor M 1 , which is supplied with electrical energy, which can be switched on and off by means of a switch K in the form of a power contactor.
  • the speed of the main electric motor M 1 is detected by means of a tachogenerator T, which supplies a corresponding speed signal to a controller for evaluation.
  • the main pump P 1 can be switched between a normal pump mode and a drive mode.
  • the main electric motor M 1 When hydraulic fluid in the cylinder Z for adjusting the plunger S must be promoted, the main electric motor M 1 is supplied with electrical energy and rotated, whereby the main pump P 1 is driven, thereby hydraulic fluid from the supply V on the Line L 1 sucks and feeds through the check valve RS and the release valve Y to the cylinder Z.
  • the main electric motor M 1 In an idle phase, ie when no hydraulic fluid to the consumer must be promoted, the main electric motor M 1 is turned off by means of the switch K, whereby the main pump P 1 comes to a standstill.
  • the check valve RS In order to start up the main electric motor M 1 again, the check valve RS is unlocked via the switching valve YRS and the release valve Y is opened.
  • the main pump P 1 is switched to the drive mode.
  • the displacement of the plunger S in the cylinder Z displaces the hydraulic fluid from the cylinder Z and promotes this through the line L 2 and the line L 1 in the supply V, wherein the main pump P 1 flows through and is driven thereby. In this way, the main pump P 1 drives the main electric motor M 1 , causing it to start up.
  • the rotational speed of the main electric motor M 1 is detected by means of the tachogenerator T. Once the desired speed of the electric motor M 1 is reached, the switch K is activated, whereby the main electric motor M 1 is supplied with electrical energy and driven.
  • the main pump P 1 remains in its drive mode until a predetermined position of the plunger is reached. Subsequently, the main pump P 1 is switched to the pump mode, so that the hydraulic fluid can be sucked in the aforementioned manner by means of the main pump P 1 from the supply V and the cylinder Z can be supplied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP12008248.2A 2012-01-02 2012-12-11 Procédé de commande d'une presse hydraulique Active EP2610049B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012000017A DE102012000017A1 (de) 2012-01-02 2012-01-02 Verfahren zur Steuerung einer hydraulischen Presse

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2610049A2 true EP2610049A2 (fr) 2013-07-03
EP2610049A3 EP2610049A3 (fr) 2014-09-03
EP2610049B1 EP2610049B1 (fr) 2017-07-26
EP2610049B2 EP2610049B2 (fr) 2022-02-09

Family

ID=47602715

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12008248.2A Active EP2610049B2 (fr) 2012-01-02 2012-12-11 Procédé de commande d'une presse hydraulique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2610049B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012000017A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2644874T5 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103112192A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-22 张伟伟 一种工位式液压成型机
CN105082610A (zh) * 2015-09-07 2015-11-25 华中科技大学 一种用于降低液压机装机功率的动力装置及其应用
WO2016162184A1 (fr) * 2015-04-09 2016-10-13 Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh Machine de formage, notamment marteau pilon et procédé de commande de la machine de formage
CN107344425A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-14 叶明坦 一种全自动生物质燃料加速增压成型机及其控制方法
CN109434425A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-08 山东省科学院激光研究所 压力机系统
DE102018108415A1 (de) 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines hydraulischen Systems
CN111022439A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-17 三一重机有限公司 一种回转制动防反转方法、装置及工程机械

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103112192A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-22 张伟伟 一种工位式液压成型机
WO2016162184A1 (fr) * 2015-04-09 2016-10-13 Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh Machine de formage, notamment marteau pilon et procédé de commande de la machine de formage
DE102015105400B4 (de) 2015-04-09 2022-06-02 Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh Umformmaschine, insbesondere Schmiedehammer, und Verfahren zum Steuern einer Umformmaschine
CN105082610A (zh) * 2015-09-07 2015-11-25 华中科技大学 一种用于降低液压机装机功率的动力装置及其应用
CN107344425A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2017-11-14 叶明坦 一种全自动生物质燃料加速增压成型机及其控制方法
DE102018108415A1 (de) 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines hydraulischen Systems
CN109434425A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2019-03-08 山东省科学院激光研究所 压力机系统
CN111022439A (zh) * 2019-12-13 2020-04-17 三一重机有限公司 一种回转制动防反转方法、装置及工程机械

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2644874T3 (es) 2017-11-30
EP2610049B2 (fr) 2022-02-09
DE102012000017A1 (de) 2013-07-04
EP2610049A3 (fr) 2014-09-03
EP2610049B1 (fr) 2017-07-26
ES2644874T5 (es) 2022-04-27

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