EP2609223B1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles - Google Patents

Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2609223B1
EP2609223B1 EP11746203.6A EP11746203A EP2609223B1 EP 2609223 B1 EP2609223 B1 EP 2609223B1 EP 11746203 A EP11746203 A EP 11746203A EP 2609223 B1 EP2609223 B1 EP 2609223B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
bed
oxygen stream
flow
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP11746203.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2609223A2 (de
Inventor
Leopold Werner Kepplinger
Johannes Leopold Schenk
Robert Millner
Jan-Friedemann Plaul
Kurt Wieder
Johann Wurm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2609223A2 publication Critical patent/EP2609223A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the penetration depth of an entering with a volume flow and a mass flow in the bed of a pig iron production unit oxygen jet of technically pure oxygen for gasification of existing in the bed carbon carriers.
  • a reducing gas is recovered by gasification of carbon carriers by blowing a hot blast or oxygen jet. Oxidizing iron carriers are reduced by means of this reducing gas, and subsequently the resulting reduced material is melted into pig iron.
  • oxygen nozzles are installed at the circumference of the melter gasifier between the hearth and the charbette of the melter gasifier in order to ensure that the oxygen for the gasification of carbon for the production of the reducing gas and the energy required for melting the iron carriers are as uniform as possible Scope of the Blow molten carburetor into the bed of the melter gasifier.
  • the hearth here is the region of the melter gasifier below the oxygen nozzles, in which there is no flow through the reducing gas. In the stove are liquid pig iron, liquid slag and part of the char.
  • Char refers to thermally degassed carbon carriers. As Charbett while the area is referred to in the melter gasifier, which is above the oxygen nozzles; In addition to liquid pig iron, liquid slag and char, it also contains unmelted and partially reduced iron carriers and additives.
  • the charbet is flowed through by the reducing gas, which is formed by reacting the introduced oxygen.
  • the oxygen streams entering the melter gasifier through the oxygen nozzles form the so-called race-way in the interior of the melter gasifier, in which gasification of carbon carriers already takes place, reducing gas already being produced. Race-way is understood to mean the vortex zone in front of the oxygen nozzles, in which the reducing gas is formed from oxygen and carbon carriers.
  • vortex zone reflects the highly turbulent fluidized bed-like flow conditions in the area of the raceway.
  • the incoming oxygen jet creates a cavern in the bed of the charbette.
  • the cavern is formed by the momentum of the incoming oxygen jet and by the gasification reaction of the oxygen with the char.
  • the area of the cavern is called Race-way.
  • the Race-way has compared to the Charbett, which is a fluidized bed, a much higher degree of void.
  • the raceway extends according to the arrangement of the oxygen nozzles on the periphery of the melter gasifier in the interior of the melter gasifier in a horizontal plane.
  • the cross-sectional area formed when viewed from above by the length of the race-way is also referred to as an active ring surface, wherein in the term active ring surface actively refers to the fact that drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag due to the degree of void of the raceway is particularly well done by the race way, and that by gasification of carbon carriers Resulting reducing gas from the race-way enters the Charbett.
  • the width of the active ring surface is determined by the length extension of the raceway, and thus by the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet. Even with a blast furnace, in which hot air or oxygen is injected through corresponding nozzles distributed around the circumference of the blast furnace, also referred to as wind forms, race ways with an active ring surface are formed in the region of the nozzles.
  • a melter gasifier results in the usual use of an oxygen jet of technically pure oxygen with a temperature between -15 ° C and + 45 ° C, and due to the compared with hot blast furnace operated smaller diameter of the oxygen nozzles used, compared to the in a hot blast furnace present fixed bed a significantly lower penetration depth of the oxygen jet in the bed.
  • the reducing gas flows substantially upwards. Seen in the flow direction of the reducing gas after the race way, ie above the raceway, it comes in the bed of a melter gasifier or blast furnace to undesirable fluidized areas, also called bubble or channel formation. In these areas, a quantity of gas enters the bed of solids under high pressure, and the resulting mixture of solids and gas behaves like a fluid. The formation of fluidized regions is undesirable because they can lead to so-called blow-throughs through the bed of the melter gasifier or blast furnace. Blowers result in sudden increases in gas flow, dust levels, and composition of gas discharged from the melter gasifier or blast furnace, making the operation of such units less manageable.
  • blow-by particles are discharged from the melter gasifier or blast furnace in lines for the discharge of reducing gas or blast furnace gas.
  • fluidized areas are undesirable because optimal phase control of gas and solid is hindered by them.
  • a mixture of material from the upper and from the lower part of the Charbettes can come - so passes, for example, iron oxide from the upper part of the Charbettes in the Lower part of the charbette, and finished and partially molten iron from the lower part of the charbette is transported to its upper part.
  • a melter gasifier lies in the range of the entry of the oxygen jet into the bed, so the race-way, due to the high flow rate - which is many times higher compared to a blast furnace, the chemical and thermal volume expansion, and due to the smaller Char size compared to the mean size of the coke in the blast furnace, a vortex zone before.
  • An increase in the flow rate of the oxygen jet would increase the mechanical stress of the char.
  • the mechanical stress would be due to momentum transfer between the particles of the oxygen jet and the components of the Charbette - so the char - and in the sequence by Increase momentum transfer between the components of the charbette with each other.
  • the specific momentum transmitted per unit area is the determining quantity.
  • the characteristic for this is the impulse force, which represents the specific impulse per unit area.
  • an increase in the penetration depth can be achieved by increasing the oxygen velocity.
  • the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet is significantly lower in a blast furnace operated with oxygen compared to the penetration depth of hot blast in a hot blast furnace of the same power. This is because the mass flow of introduced gas in the oxygen flow is lower, since not as in the hot air along with the required amount of oxygen, a large amount of nitrogen is introduced.
  • the oxygen velocity should be increased in comparison to the speed of the hot blast to achieve a penetration, which is in a hot blast furnace of the same power - but it would, as described above, to increased mechanical destruction of the Coke in the blast furnace due to momentum transfer and accordingly by fine grain formation to a lower gas permeability of the fixed bed in the blast furnace.
  • US5234490 describes a process for producing pig iron in a blast furnace in which top gas from the blast furnace is recirculated back into the blast furnace and an oxygen-containing gas and fuel are introduced.
  • EP1939305A1 discloses a process for producing pig iron in blast furnaces, in which an oxygen-containing gas jet is injected at supersonic speed to increase the rate of addition of pulverized coal.
  • WO9828447A1 teaches to keep the penetration depth optimally in front of an oxygen nozzle of a blast furnace.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for introducing an oxygen jet into the bed of a pig iron production unit, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided.
  • This object is achieved by a method for increasing the penetration depth of a with a volume flow and a mass flow and with a flow rate in the bed of a pig iron production unit, entering oxygen jet of technically pure Oxygen by means of an oxygen nozzle for the gasification of carbon carriers present in the bed, characterized, that with constant mass flow of the volume flow of the oxygen jet is increased by increasing the diameter of the oxygen nozzle, wherein the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased at a constant flow rate.
  • Technically pure oxygen has an oxygen content of at least 85% by volume, more preferably at least 90% by volume.
  • the pig iron production unit is a smelting reduction unit such as a melter gasifier or an oxygen blast furnace.
  • the penetration depth is increased by increasing the volume flow to mass flow ratio.
  • Mass flow and volumetric flow refer to a given operating condition; So it means mass flow and volumetric flow at the prevailing pressure and temperature conditions in the given operating condition.
  • the active ring area of the melter gasifier is increased.
  • a typical, but undesirable bubble formation for fluidized beds present in a melter gasifier on the other hand, the heat and mass transfer between the reducing gas and the bed in the melter gasifier improved.
  • the area available for the drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag is increased, thus reducing critical backflow of these liquids for the oxygen nozzles used to introduce the oxygen jet into the melter gasifier.
  • the volume flow is increased at a constant mass flow.
  • a constant amount of oxygen is introduced into the bed per unit time.
  • Constant mass flow is to be understood in the technical sense of the plant and also includes the control of a given operating condition - such as given by melting, heat demand, type of raw materials used, pressure, temperature determined - occurring fluctuations of up to +/- 10% from the value desired at a given operating condition.
  • a given operating condition such as given by melting, heat demand, type of raw materials used, pressure, temperature determined - occurring fluctuations of up to +/- 10% from the value desired at a given operating condition.
  • the oxygen jet enters the bed at a flow rate.
  • the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased. Increasing the temperature increases the volume flow to mass flow ratio.
  • differently type of energy input for example via fuel addition in the pig iron production unit, can be saved.
  • the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased at a constant flow rate.
  • the pulse of the oxygen jet established by the flow velocity is kept constant. With an increased penetration depth and entry surface, the impulse force is then reduced. As a result, correspondingly less fine grain is formed.
  • the diameter of the oxygen nozzles to be used at the elevated temperature is correspondingly increased. Furthermore, it is recommended to isolate the oxygen nozzles inside or to isolate the oxygen supply to the oxygen nozzles and / or run so that the heat losses are low.
  • condensation or counter-pressure steam heat exchangers can be used.
  • the steam sources must have a high availability.
  • Supply of heated oxygen can be made directly from the oxygen production plant used for its supply. It can also be used in an oxygen production plant resulting warm oxygen, with or without additional heating.
  • the oxygen in the oxygen production plant is heated by indirect heat exchange of the oxygen with hot process air of the oxygen production process.
  • the oxygen is heated by adiabatic compression of gaseous oxygen.
  • the heating of oxygen can also be carried out in two stages, for example by preheating first to, for example, 100-150 ° C. at low oxygen pressure, and adiabatic compression to about 300 ° C. is subsequently carried out.
  • the preheating of the oxygen can be done according to another embodiment of the method according to the invention by means of preheating of oxygen by means of a plasma torch and mixing with not so preheated oxygen.
  • an oxygen production plant is meant primarily an Air Separation Unit ASU.
  • ASU Air Separation Unit
  • compressors such as Main Air Compressor MAC, Booster Air Compressor (BAC) available.
  • BAC Booster Air Compressor
  • Combined Cylce Power Plants in particular feature gas turbines that are coupled with aircompensators. Downstream of such compressors in air generators or power plants is compressed gas heated by compression, the heat of which is dissipated as waste heat to the environment.
  • This waste heat is preferably used to heat the oxygen, which is introduced into the fixed bed of a melter gasifier. Increasing the temperature of the oxygen jet results in a reduced need for carbon carriers to provide the energy needed to melt the iron carriers. This makes the process of pig iron production more cost effective and reduces the specific emissions, especially of CO 2 , in the production of pig iron.
  • the oxygen jet enters the bed at an inlet pressure chosen to overcome the pressure loss occurring during the flow of the reducing gas formed during the reaction of the oxygen across the charbette to the settling space.
  • the inlet pressure is reduced while maintaining the mass flow.
  • the pressure in the calming room is lowered or the Charbett reduced in order to reduce the pressure loss.
  • Constant mass flow is to be understood in terms of plant technology and also includes the fluctuations occurring by regulation to a given operating state of up to +/- 10 x% of the value that is desired for a given operating condition.
  • the Diameter of the oxygen nozzles to be used at the reduced pressure made correspondingly larger.
  • the temperature of the entering into the bed of oxygen jet is at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 250 ° C.
  • the flow rate of the oxygen jet entering the bed is preferably in the range from 100 m / s to the speed of sound, preferably in the range from 150 to 300 m / s.
  • the speed of sound under the pressure / temperature conditions of the oxygen at the entrance is meant.
  • 100 m / s risk there is a great risk of nozzle damage due to backflow of molten pig iron into the nozzles.
  • From the speed of sound results in a high pressure drop over the oxygen nozzles and high energy consumption to build up the pressure necessary for such a speed.
  • the large momentum of the oxygen jet associated with such high velocities greatly contributes to undesirable fine grain formation.
  • the method according to the invention is carried out together with the oxygen jet an injection of carbon carriers in solid or liquid or gaseous form, for example coal / oil / gas, in the oxygen jet before, formed in the region of the entry of the oxygen jet into the bed, Race way and / or in the race way.
  • carbon carriers in solid or liquid or gaseous form for example coal / oil / gas
  • the effect is achieved that by gasification of these carbon carriers effectively a larger volume of gas in the raceway is formed and introduced into the bed, as if only the oxygen flow enters the bed - because the introduced gas volume is composed of the incoming oxygen jet and at the gasification gas together - called resulting gas jet.
  • resulting gas jet With the same amount of oxygen entering the bed, an increase in the ratio of the volume flow to the mass flow of the incoming, resulting gas jet is thus achieved.
  • the quantities of the injection and the purity of the oxygen jet into which it is injected, or in which its raceway is injected, are selected so that the resulting gas jet is still technically pure oxygen
  • Coal is fed, for example, as coal dust. Oil is supplied, for example, finely atomized.
  • the internal gas is preferably preheated to the temperature of the oxygen stream.
  • the reducing gas or export gas formed is to be understood.
  • the data mass flow, volume flow, temperature, pressure of the oxygen jet, as well as the values for mass flow, volume flow, temperature, pressure of the oxygen jet refer to the point of supply of the oxygen jet in the bed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example that increasing the ratio of volume flow to mass flow of an oxygen jet, the penetration depth of the Oxygen jet increases.
  • the mass flow is constant.
  • FIG. 1 shows, for example, that with an increase in the ratio of volume flow to mass flow of about 90% from just 0.22 to just 0.42 m 3 / kg, the penetration depth of the oxygen jet increases by almost 15%. This applies to both flow rates shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example that the penetration depth of an oxygen jet into the bed of a melter gasifier increases as the ratio of volumetric flow to mass flow of the oxygen jet is increased.
  • the mass flow of the oxygen jet is constant. So that at elevated temperature of the oxygen jet, the flow rate remains the same, at higher temperatures larger diameter of the oxygen nozzles - abbreviated to Nozzledia - used in the figure. From the FIG. 2 It can be seen that with constant mass flow and constant flow velocity, the penetration depth increases with increasing temperature. Since rising temperature over decreasing density means larger volume, there is an increasing penetration depth with increase of the ratio volumetric flow to mass flow of the oxygen jet.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the ratio volumetric flow to mass flow of an oxygen jet increases with decreasing inlet pressure or with increasing temperature.
  • FIGS. 4 . 5 and 6 show by way of example and schematically how the temperature of the oxygen jet at constant Flow rate can be increased.
  • an oxygen nozzle is schematically indicated in each case on the right edge of the image.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows how oxygen 1 is heated by a gaseous fuel - in this case from the process of pig iron production in which the pig iron is used, resulting top gas 2 from a reduction shaft, not shown - with a portion of the oxygen 1 in a burner. 3 is burned, and the hot gas obtained in the combustion with the unburned oxygen 1 is mixed.
  • the mixing takes place in this case in the combustion chamber 4 of the burner 3, in order to minimize the influence of temperature on the lining of the oxygen-carrying lines.
  • the pressure of the oxygen jet remains the same, only the temperature rises.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically how oxygen 1 is heated by using indirect heat exchanger 5.
  • indirect heat exchanger 5 heat is transferred from vapor 6 to oxygen, with the pressure of the oxygen jet remaining the same.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically how a heating of oxygen 1 takes place in two stages.
  • a preheating at low pressure of the oxygen jet by means of an indirect heat exchanger 5 and 6 steam is made, and then there is an adiabatic compression of the thus preheated oxygen in a compressor 7.
  • a relaxation device ⁇ of a Initial pressure relaxed to an intermediate pressure wherein the temperature of the oxygen jet decreases.
  • the Oxygen is then brought back to the initial pressure in the adiabatic compression and heated to the desired temperature.
  • List of reference numbers oxygen 1 top gas 2 burner 3 combustion chamber 4 heat exchangers 5 steam 6 compressor 7 relief device 8th

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
EP11746203.6A 2010-08-25 2011-07-27 Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles Not-in-force EP2609223B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1422/2010A AT510313B1 (de) 2010-08-25 2010-08-25 Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles
PCT/EP2011/062880 WO2012025321A2 (de) 2010-08-25 2011-07-27 Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2609223A2 EP2609223A2 (de) 2013-07-03
EP2609223B1 true EP2609223B1 (de) 2017-03-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11746203.6A Not-in-force EP2609223B1 (de) 2010-08-25 2011-07-27 Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles

Country Status (12)

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US (1) US8808422B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2609223B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR101813670B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN103221554B (zh)
AT (1) AT510313B1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2011295333B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR112013004417B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2809192C (zh)
PL (1) PL2609223T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2583558C2 (zh)
UA (1) UA106548C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2012025321A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT510313B1 (de) 2010-08-25 2013-06-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles
EP2626124A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduktion von eisenoxidhaltigen Einsatzstoffen

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2070864A1 (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-09-17 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Blast furnace - injection of oxidising gas independently - of the blast to improve prodn
US5234490A (en) 1991-11-29 1993-08-10 Armco Inc. Operating a blast furnace using dried top gas
JP3523716B2 (ja) * 1994-11-02 2004-04-26 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 スクラップ溶解法
KR100264993B1 (ko) * 1996-12-23 2000-09-01 이구택 산소풍구전단에 형성되는 침투길이의 최적유지 장치 및 방법
US6030430A (en) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-29 Material Conversions, Inc. Blast furnace with narrowed top section and method of using
DE102005032444A1 (de) * 2005-07-12 2007-01-25 Joachim Mallon Gestaffelte Sauerstoffinjektion
US20070290418A1 (en) * 2006-05-01 2007-12-20 Sierra Energy Corporation Tuyere For Oxygen Blast Furnace Converter System
EP1939305A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process for making pig iron in a blast furnace
DE102007027038B4 (de) * 2007-06-08 2013-07-18 Joachim Mallon Verfahren zur Sauerstoffinjektion
JP2009097051A (ja) * 2007-10-18 2009-05-07 Nippon Steel Corp 高炉用微粉炭吹き込みランス
AT506042A1 (de) 2007-11-13 2009-05-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Verfahren zum schmelzen von roheisen und stahlvorprodukten in einem schmelzvergaser
AT510313B1 (de) 2010-08-25 2013-06-15 Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh Verfahren zur erhöhung der eindringtiefe eines sauerstoffstrahles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT510313B1 (de) 2013-06-15
BR112013004417B1 (pt) 2018-10-09
UA106548C2 (uk) 2014-09-10
AU2011295333A1 (en) 2013-03-07
BR112013004417A2 (pt) 2016-05-31
WO2012025321A2 (de) 2012-03-01
US8808422B2 (en) 2014-08-19
AU2011295333B2 (en) 2015-05-28
CA2809192A1 (en) 2012-03-01
RU2013112949A (ru) 2014-09-27
CA2809192C (en) 2018-05-01
EP2609223A2 (de) 2013-07-03
WO2012025321A3 (de) 2013-04-25
RU2583558C2 (ru) 2016-05-10
CN103221554A (zh) 2013-07-24
CN103221554B (zh) 2019-02-22
AT510313A1 (de) 2012-03-15
KR101813670B1 (ko) 2017-12-29
US20130154166A1 (en) 2013-06-20
KR20130080841A (ko) 2013-07-15
PL2609223T3 (pl) 2017-09-29

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