EP2609223B1 - Method for increasing the penetration depth of an oxygen stream - Google Patents

Method for increasing the penetration depth of an oxygen stream Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2609223B1
EP2609223B1 EP11746203.6A EP11746203A EP2609223B1 EP 2609223 B1 EP2609223 B1 EP 2609223B1 EP 11746203 A EP11746203 A EP 11746203A EP 2609223 B1 EP2609223 B1 EP 2609223B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
bed
oxygen stream
flow
temperature
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EP11746203.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2609223A2 (en
Inventor
Leopold Werner Kepplinger
Johannes Leopold Schenk
Robert Millner
Jan-Friedemann Plaul
Kurt Wieder
Johann Wurm
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the penetration depth of an entering with a volume flow and a mass flow in the bed of a pig iron production unit oxygen jet of technically pure oxygen for gasification of existing in the bed carbon carriers.
  • a reducing gas is recovered by gasification of carbon carriers by blowing a hot blast or oxygen jet. Oxidizing iron carriers are reduced by means of this reducing gas, and subsequently the resulting reduced material is melted into pig iron.
  • oxygen nozzles are installed at the circumference of the melter gasifier between the hearth and the charbette of the melter gasifier in order to ensure that the oxygen for the gasification of carbon for the production of the reducing gas and the energy required for melting the iron carriers are as uniform as possible Scope of the Blow molten carburetor into the bed of the melter gasifier.
  • the hearth here is the region of the melter gasifier below the oxygen nozzles, in which there is no flow through the reducing gas. In the stove are liquid pig iron, liquid slag and part of the char.
  • Char refers to thermally degassed carbon carriers. As Charbett while the area is referred to in the melter gasifier, which is above the oxygen nozzles; In addition to liquid pig iron, liquid slag and char, it also contains unmelted and partially reduced iron carriers and additives.
  • the charbet is flowed through by the reducing gas, which is formed by reacting the introduced oxygen.
  • the oxygen streams entering the melter gasifier through the oxygen nozzles form the so-called race-way in the interior of the melter gasifier, in which gasification of carbon carriers already takes place, reducing gas already being produced. Race-way is understood to mean the vortex zone in front of the oxygen nozzles, in which the reducing gas is formed from oxygen and carbon carriers.
  • vortex zone reflects the highly turbulent fluidized bed-like flow conditions in the area of the raceway.
  • the incoming oxygen jet creates a cavern in the bed of the charbette.
  • the cavern is formed by the momentum of the incoming oxygen jet and by the gasification reaction of the oxygen with the char.
  • the area of the cavern is called Race-way.
  • the Race-way has compared to the Charbett, which is a fluidized bed, a much higher degree of void.
  • the raceway extends according to the arrangement of the oxygen nozzles on the periphery of the melter gasifier in the interior of the melter gasifier in a horizontal plane.
  • the cross-sectional area formed when viewed from above by the length of the race-way is also referred to as an active ring surface, wherein in the term active ring surface actively refers to the fact that drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag due to the degree of void of the raceway is particularly well done by the race way, and that by gasification of carbon carriers Resulting reducing gas from the race-way enters the Charbett.
  • the width of the active ring surface is determined by the length extension of the raceway, and thus by the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet. Even with a blast furnace, in which hot air or oxygen is injected through corresponding nozzles distributed around the circumference of the blast furnace, also referred to as wind forms, race ways with an active ring surface are formed in the region of the nozzles.
  • a melter gasifier results in the usual use of an oxygen jet of technically pure oxygen with a temperature between -15 ° C and + 45 ° C, and due to the compared with hot blast furnace operated smaller diameter of the oxygen nozzles used, compared to the in a hot blast furnace present fixed bed a significantly lower penetration depth of the oxygen jet in the bed.
  • the reducing gas flows substantially upwards. Seen in the flow direction of the reducing gas after the race way, ie above the raceway, it comes in the bed of a melter gasifier or blast furnace to undesirable fluidized areas, also called bubble or channel formation. In these areas, a quantity of gas enters the bed of solids under high pressure, and the resulting mixture of solids and gas behaves like a fluid. The formation of fluidized regions is undesirable because they can lead to so-called blow-throughs through the bed of the melter gasifier or blast furnace. Blowers result in sudden increases in gas flow, dust levels, and composition of gas discharged from the melter gasifier or blast furnace, making the operation of such units less manageable.
  • blow-by particles are discharged from the melter gasifier or blast furnace in lines for the discharge of reducing gas or blast furnace gas.
  • fluidized areas are undesirable because optimal phase control of gas and solid is hindered by them.
  • a mixture of material from the upper and from the lower part of the Charbettes can come - so passes, for example, iron oxide from the upper part of the Charbettes in the Lower part of the charbette, and finished and partially molten iron from the lower part of the charbette is transported to its upper part.
  • a melter gasifier lies in the range of the entry of the oxygen jet into the bed, so the race-way, due to the high flow rate - which is many times higher compared to a blast furnace, the chemical and thermal volume expansion, and due to the smaller Char size compared to the mean size of the coke in the blast furnace, a vortex zone before.
  • An increase in the flow rate of the oxygen jet would increase the mechanical stress of the char.
  • the mechanical stress would be due to momentum transfer between the particles of the oxygen jet and the components of the Charbette - so the char - and in the sequence by Increase momentum transfer between the components of the charbette with each other.
  • the specific momentum transmitted per unit area is the determining quantity.
  • the characteristic for this is the impulse force, which represents the specific impulse per unit area.
  • an increase in the penetration depth can be achieved by increasing the oxygen velocity.
  • the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet is significantly lower in a blast furnace operated with oxygen compared to the penetration depth of hot blast in a hot blast furnace of the same power. This is because the mass flow of introduced gas in the oxygen flow is lower, since not as in the hot air along with the required amount of oxygen, a large amount of nitrogen is introduced.
  • the oxygen velocity should be increased in comparison to the speed of the hot blast to achieve a penetration, which is in a hot blast furnace of the same power - but it would, as described above, to increased mechanical destruction of the Coke in the blast furnace due to momentum transfer and accordingly by fine grain formation to a lower gas permeability of the fixed bed in the blast furnace.
  • US5234490 describes a process for producing pig iron in a blast furnace in which top gas from the blast furnace is recirculated back into the blast furnace and an oxygen-containing gas and fuel are introduced.
  • EP1939305A1 discloses a process for producing pig iron in blast furnaces, in which an oxygen-containing gas jet is injected at supersonic speed to increase the rate of addition of pulverized coal.
  • WO9828447A1 teaches to keep the penetration depth optimally in front of an oxygen nozzle of a blast furnace.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for introducing an oxygen jet into the bed of a pig iron production unit, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided.
  • This object is achieved by a method for increasing the penetration depth of a with a volume flow and a mass flow and with a flow rate in the bed of a pig iron production unit, entering oxygen jet of technically pure Oxygen by means of an oxygen nozzle for the gasification of carbon carriers present in the bed, characterized, that with constant mass flow of the volume flow of the oxygen jet is increased by increasing the diameter of the oxygen nozzle, wherein the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased at a constant flow rate.
  • Technically pure oxygen has an oxygen content of at least 85% by volume, more preferably at least 90% by volume.
  • the pig iron production unit is a smelting reduction unit such as a melter gasifier or an oxygen blast furnace.
  • the penetration depth is increased by increasing the volume flow to mass flow ratio.
  • Mass flow and volumetric flow refer to a given operating condition; So it means mass flow and volumetric flow at the prevailing pressure and temperature conditions in the given operating condition.
  • the active ring area of the melter gasifier is increased.
  • a typical, but undesirable bubble formation for fluidized beds present in a melter gasifier on the other hand, the heat and mass transfer between the reducing gas and the bed in the melter gasifier improved.
  • the area available for the drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag is increased, thus reducing critical backflow of these liquids for the oxygen nozzles used to introduce the oxygen jet into the melter gasifier.
  • the volume flow is increased at a constant mass flow.
  • a constant amount of oxygen is introduced into the bed per unit time.
  • Constant mass flow is to be understood in the technical sense of the plant and also includes the control of a given operating condition - such as given by melting, heat demand, type of raw materials used, pressure, temperature determined - occurring fluctuations of up to +/- 10% from the value desired at a given operating condition.
  • a given operating condition such as given by melting, heat demand, type of raw materials used, pressure, temperature determined - occurring fluctuations of up to +/- 10% from the value desired at a given operating condition.
  • the oxygen jet enters the bed at a flow rate.
  • the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased. Increasing the temperature increases the volume flow to mass flow ratio.
  • differently type of energy input for example via fuel addition in the pig iron production unit, can be saved.
  • the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased at a constant flow rate.
  • the pulse of the oxygen jet established by the flow velocity is kept constant. With an increased penetration depth and entry surface, the impulse force is then reduced. As a result, correspondingly less fine grain is formed.
  • the diameter of the oxygen nozzles to be used at the elevated temperature is correspondingly increased. Furthermore, it is recommended to isolate the oxygen nozzles inside or to isolate the oxygen supply to the oxygen nozzles and / or run so that the heat losses are low.
  • condensation or counter-pressure steam heat exchangers can be used.
  • the steam sources must have a high availability.
  • Supply of heated oxygen can be made directly from the oxygen production plant used for its supply. It can also be used in an oxygen production plant resulting warm oxygen, with or without additional heating.
  • the oxygen in the oxygen production plant is heated by indirect heat exchange of the oxygen with hot process air of the oxygen production process.
  • the oxygen is heated by adiabatic compression of gaseous oxygen.
  • the heating of oxygen can also be carried out in two stages, for example by preheating first to, for example, 100-150 ° C. at low oxygen pressure, and adiabatic compression to about 300 ° C. is subsequently carried out.
  • the preheating of the oxygen can be done according to another embodiment of the method according to the invention by means of preheating of oxygen by means of a plasma torch and mixing with not so preheated oxygen.
  • an oxygen production plant is meant primarily an Air Separation Unit ASU.
  • ASU Air Separation Unit
  • compressors such as Main Air Compressor MAC, Booster Air Compressor (BAC) available.
  • BAC Booster Air Compressor
  • Combined Cylce Power Plants in particular feature gas turbines that are coupled with aircompensators. Downstream of such compressors in air generators or power plants is compressed gas heated by compression, the heat of which is dissipated as waste heat to the environment.
  • This waste heat is preferably used to heat the oxygen, which is introduced into the fixed bed of a melter gasifier. Increasing the temperature of the oxygen jet results in a reduced need for carbon carriers to provide the energy needed to melt the iron carriers. This makes the process of pig iron production more cost effective and reduces the specific emissions, especially of CO 2 , in the production of pig iron.
  • the oxygen jet enters the bed at an inlet pressure chosen to overcome the pressure loss occurring during the flow of the reducing gas formed during the reaction of the oxygen across the charbette to the settling space.
  • the inlet pressure is reduced while maintaining the mass flow.
  • the pressure in the calming room is lowered or the Charbett reduced in order to reduce the pressure loss.
  • Constant mass flow is to be understood in terms of plant technology and also includes the fluctuations occurring by regulation to a given operating state of up to +/- 10 x% of the value that is desired for a given operating condition.
  • the Diameter of the oxygen nozzles to be used at the reduced pressure made correspondingly larger.
  • the temperature of the entering into the bed of oxygen jet is at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 250 ° C.
  • the flow rate of the oxygen jet entering the bed is preferably in the range from 100 m / s to the speed of sound, preferably in the range from 150 to 300 m / s.
  • the speed of sound under the pressure / temperature conditions of the oxygen at the entrance is meant.
  • 100 m / s risk there is a great risk of nozzle damage due to backflow of molten pig iron into the nozzles.
  • From the speed of sound results in a high pressure drop over the oxygen nozzles and high energy consumption to build up the pressure necessary for such a speed.
  • the large momentum of the oxygen jet associated with such high velocities greatly contributes to undesirable fine grain formation.
  • the method according to the invention is carried out together with the oxygen jet an injection of carbon carriers in solid or liquid or gaseous form, for example coal / oil / gas, in the oxygen jet before, formed in the region of the entry of the oxygen jet into the bed, Race way and / or in the race way.
  • carbon carriers in solid or liquid or gaseous form for example coal / oil / gas
  • the effect is achieved that by gasification of these carbon carriers effectively a larger volume of gas in the raceway is formed and introduced into the bed, as if only the oxygen flow enters the bed - because the introduced gas volume is composed of the incoming oxygen jet and at the gasification gas together - called resulting gas jet.
  • resulting gas jet With the same amount of oxygen entering the bed, an increase in the ratio of the volume flow to the mass flow of the incoming, resulting gas jet is thus achieved.
  • the quantities of the injection and the purity of the oxygen jet into which it is injected, or in which its raceway is injected, are selected so that the resulting gas jet is still technically pure oxygen
  • Coal is fed, for example, as coal dust. Oil is supplied, for example, finely atomized.
  • the internal gas is preferably preheated to the temperature of the oxygen stream.
  • the reducing gas or export gas formed is to be understood.
  • the data mass flow, volume flow, temperature, pressure of the oxygen jet, as well as the values for mass flow, volume flow, temperature, pressure of the oxygen jet refer to the point of supply of the oxygen jet in the bed.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example that increasing the ratio of volume flow to mass flow of an oxygen jet, the penetration depth of the Oxygen jet increases.
  • the mass flow is constant.
  • FIG. 1 shows, for example, that with an increase in the ratio of volume flow to mass flow of about 90% from just 0.22 to just 0.42 m 3 / kg, the penetration depth of the oxygen jet increases by almost 15%. This applies to both flow rates shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example that the penetration depth of an oxygen jet into the bed of a melter gasifier increases as the ratio of volumetric flow to mass flow of the oxygen jet is increased.
  • the mass flow of the oxygen jet is constant. So that at elevated temperature of the oxygen jet, the flow rate remains the same, at higher temperatures larger diameter of the oxygen nozzles - abbreviated to Nozzledia - used in the figure. From the FIG. 2 It can be seen that with constant mass flow and constant flow velocity, the penetration depth increases with increasing temperature. Since rising temperature over decreasing density means larger volume, there is an increasing penetration depth with increase of the ratio volumetric flow to mass flow of the oxygen jet.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the ratio volumetric flow to mass flow of an oxygen jet increases with decreasing inlet pressure or with increasing temperature.
  • FIGS. 4 . 5 and 6 show by way of example and schematically how the temperature of the oxygen jet at constant Flow rate can be increased.
  • an oxygen nozzle is schematically indicated in each case on the right edge of the image.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows how oxygen 1 is heated by a gaseous fuel - in this case from the process of pig iron production in which the pig iron is used, resulting top gas 2 from a reduction shaft, not shown - with a portion of the oxygen 1 in a burner. 3 is burned, and the hot gas obtained in the combustion with the unburned oxygen 1 is mixed.
  • the mixing takes place in this case in the combustion chamber 4 of the burner 3, in order to minimize the influence of temperature on the lining of the oxygen-carrying lines.
  • the pressure of the oxygen jet remains the same, only the temperature rises.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically how oxygen 1 is heated by using indirect heat exchanger 5.
  • indirect heat exchanger 5 heat is transferred from vapor 6 to oxygen, with the pressure of the oxygen jet remaining the same.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically how a heating of oxygen 1 takes place in two stages.
  • a preheating at low pressure of the oxygen jet by means of an indirect heat exchanger 5 and 6 steam is made, and then there is an adiabatic compression of the thus preheated oxygen in a compressor 7.
  • a relaxation device ⁇ of a Initial pressure relaxed to an intermediate pressure wherein the temperature of the oxygen jet decreases.
  • the Oxygen is then brought back to the initial pressure in the adiabatic compression and heated to the desired temperature.
  • List of reference numbers oxygen 1 top gas 2 burner 3 combustion chamber 4 heat exchangers 5 steam 6 compressor 7 relief device 8th

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
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Description

Gebiet der TechnikField of engineering

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe eines mit einem Volumsstrom und einem Massestrom in die Schüttung eines Roheisenerzeugungsaggregates eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahles von technisch reinem Sauerstoff zur Vergasung von in der Schüttung vorhandenen Kohlenstoffträgern.The invention relates to a method for increasing the penetration depth of an entering with a volume flow and a mass flow in the bed of a pig iron production unit oxygen jet of technically pure oxygen for gasification of existing in the bed carbon carriers.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei der Herstellung von Roheisen in einem Roheisenerzeugungsaggregat, wie beispielsweise einem Hochofen oder einem Schmelzreduktionsaggragat wie etwa einem bei den Verfahren COREX® oder FINEX® genutzten Einschmelzvergaser, wird ein Reduktionsgas durch Vergasung von Kohlenstoffträgern unter Einblasen eines Heißwindes oder Sauerstoffstrahles gewonnen. Mittels dieses Reduktionsgases werden oxidische Eisenträger reduziert und in weiterer Folge wird das erhaltene reduzierte Material zu Roheisen erschmolzen.In the production of pig iron in a pig iron producing aggregate such as a blast furnace or a smelting reduction agglomerate such as a melter gasifier used in the methods COREX® or FINEX®, a reducing gas is recovered by gasification of carbon carriers by blowing a hot blast or oxygen jet. Oxidizing iron carriers are reduced by means of this reducing gas, and subsequently the resulting reduced material is melted into pig iron.

Bei den beim COREX® und FINEX®-Verfahren verwendeten Einschmelzvergasern sind Sauerstoffdüsen am Umfang des Einschmelzvergasers zwischen Herd und Charbett des Einschmelzvergasers eingebaut, um den Sauerstoff für die Vergasung von Kohlenstoff zur Herstellung des Reduktionsgases und Bereitstellung der zum Einschmelzen der Eisenträger erforderlichen Energie möglichst gleichmäßig am Umfang des Einschmelzvergasers in die Schüttung des Einschmelzvergasers einzublasen. Beim Einschmelzen der Eisenträger entstehen flüssiges Roheisen und flüssige Schlacke. Als Herd wird dabei der Bereich des Einschmelzvergasers unterhalb der Sauerstoffdüsen bezeichnet, in dem keine Durchströmung durch Reduktionsgas stattfindet. Im Herd befinden sich flüssiges Roheisen, flüssige Schlacke und ein Teil des Chars. Als Char werden thermisch entgaste Kohlenstoffträger bezeichnet. Als Charbett wird dabei der Bereich im Einschmelzvergaser bezeichnet, der oberhalb der Sauerstoffdüsen liegt; er enthält neben flüssigem Roheisen und flüssiger Schlacke sowie Char auch ungeschmolzene und teilreduzierte Eisenträger und Zuschläge. Das Charbett wird vom Reduktionsgas, das unter Umsetzung des eingebrachten Sauerstoffs gebildet wird, durchströmt. Die durch die Sauerstoffdüsen in den Einschmelzvergaser eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahlen bilden im Inneren des Einschmelzvergasers den sogenannten Race-Way, in dem bereits Vergasung von Kohlenstoffträgern stattfindet, wobei bereits Reduktionsgas entsteht. Unter Race-way wird dabei die Wirbelzone vor den Sauerstoffdüsen verstanden, in der das Reduktionsgas aus Sauerstoff und Kohlenstoffträgern entsteht. Der Begriff Wirbelzone gibt dabei die hoch turbulenten wirbelschichtähnlichen Strömungsverhältnisse im Bereich des Race-way wieder. Der eintretende Sauerstoffstrahl erzeugt eine Kaverne in der Schüttung des Charbettes. Die Kaverne entsteht durch den Impuls des eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahles und durch die Vergasungsreaktion des Sauerstoffs mit dem Char. Der Bereich der Kaverne wird als Race-way bezeichnet. Der Race-way hat im Vergleich zum Charbett, das ein Fließbett darstellt, einen deutlich höheren Lückengrad. Der Race-way erstreckt sich entsprechend der Anordnung der Sauerstoffdüsen am Umfang des Einschmelzvergasers im Inneren des Einschmelzvergasers in einer horizontalen Ebene. Die Querschnittsfläche, die bei Betrachtung von oben durch die Länge des Race-ways gebildet wird, wird auch als aktive Ringfläche bezeichnet, wobei sich in dem Begriff aktive Ringfläche aktiv darauf bezieht, dass Drainage von flüssigem Roheisen und flüssiger Schlacke aufgrund des Lückengrades des Race-way besonders gut durch den Race-way erfolgt, und dass durch Vergasung von Kohlenstoffträgern entstandenes Reduktionsgas aus dem Race-way in das Charbett eintritt. Die Breite der aktiven Ringfläche ist durch die Längenerstreckung des Race-way, und damit durch die Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles bestimmt.
Auch bei einem Hochofen, bei dem durch entsprechende um den Umfang des Hochofens verteilte Düsen, auch Windformen genannt, Heißwind oder Sauerstoff eingeblasen wird, bilden sich im Bereich der Düsen Race-ways mit aktiver Ringfläche.In the case of the melter gasifiers used in the COREX® and FINEX® processes, oxygen nozzles are installed at the circumference of the melter gasifier between the hearth and the charbette of the melter gasifier in order to ensure that the oxygen for the gasification of carbon for the production of the reducing gas and the energy required for melting the iron carriers are as uniform as possible Scope of the Blow molten carburetor into the bed of the melter gasifier. When the iron carriers melt, liquid pig iron and liquid slag are produced. The hearth here is the region of the melter gasifier below the oxygen nozzles, in which there is no flow through the reducing gas. In the stove are liquid pig iron, liquid slag and part of the char. Char refers to thermally degassed carbon carriers. As Charbett while the area is referred to in the melter gasifier, which is above the oxygen nozzles; In addition to liquid pig iron, liquid slag and char, it also contains unmelted and partially reduced iron carriers and additives. The charbet is flowed through by the reducing gas, which is formed by reacting the introduced oxygen. The oxygen streams entering the melter gasifier through the oxygen nozzles form the so-called race-way in the interior of the melter gasifier, in which gasification of carbon carriers already takes place, reducing gas already being produced. Race-way is understood to mean the vortex zone in front of the oxygen nozzles, in which the reducing gas is formed from oxygen and carbon carriers. The term vortex zone reflects the highly turbulent fluidized bed-like flow conditions in the area of the raceway. The incoming oxygen jet creates a cavern in the bed of the charbette. The cavern is formed by the momentum of the incoming oxygen jet and by the gasification reaction of the oxygen with the char. The area of the cavern is called Race-way. The Race-way has compared to the Charbett, which is a fluidized bed, a much higher degree of void. The raceway extends according to the arrangement of the oxygen nozzles on the periphery of the melter gasifier in the interior of the melter gasifier in a horizontal plane. The cross-sectional area formed when viewed from above by the length of the race-way is also referred to as an active ring surface, wherein in the term active ring surface actively refers to the fact that drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag due to the degree of void of the raceway is particularly well done by the race way, and that by gasification of carbon carriers Resulting reducing gas from the race-way enters the Charbett. The width of the active ring surface is determined by the length extension of the raceway, and thus by the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet.
Even with a blast furnace, in which hot air or oxygen is injected through corresponding nozzles distributed around the circumference of the blast furnace, also referred to as wind forms, race ways with an active ring surface are formed in the region of the nozzles.

Für das Charbett eines Einschmelzvergasers ergibt sich bei der üblichen Verwendung eines Sauerstoffstrahls aus technisch reinem Sauerstoff mit einer Temperatur zwischen -15°C und + 45°C, und aufgrund des im Vergleich zu mit Heißwind betriebene Hochöfen geringeren Durchmessers der eingesetzten Sauerstoffdüsen, im Vergleich zu dem in einem mit Heißwind betriebenen Hochofen vorliegenden Festbett eine deutlich geringere Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung. Damit ergibt sich durch den kürzeren beziehungsweise schmäleren Race-Way im Charbett eine im Vergleich zu einem mit Heißwind betriebenen Hochofen vergleichsweise geringe aktive Ringfläche am Umfang des Einschmelzvergasers, wodurch die Gasdurchlässigkeit für Reduktionsgas in das Charbett beziehungsweise die Drainage von flüssigem Roheisen und flüssiger Schlacke in den Herd vergleichsweise schlechter sind. Weiters wird im Vergleich zum mit Koks betriebenen Hochofen durch den Einsatz von Stückkohle und/oder Kohlebriketts als Kohlenstoffträger der hydraulische Durchmesser der Charmatrix in einem Einschmelzvergaser verringert, womit das Abfließen von flüssigem Roheisen und von flüssiger, speziell von hochviskoser, Schlacke erschwert wird, was zu Störungen durch Rückstau von flüssigem Roheisen und/oder flüssiger Schlacke vor den Sauerstoffdüsen führen kann.
Eine Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung würde sowohl bei einem mit Sauerstoff betriebenen Hochofen als auch bei einem Einschmelzvergaser die aktive Fläche deutlich erhöhen und damit das Abfließen von flüssigem Roheisen und von flüssiger Schlacke verbessern.For the Charbett a melter gasifier results in the usual use of an oxygen jet of technically pure oxygen with a temperature between -15 ° C and + 45 ° C, and due to the compared with hot blast furnace operated smaller diameter of the oxygen nozzles used, compared to the in a hot blast furnace present fixed bed a significantly lower penetration depth of the oxygen jet in the bed. This results from the shorter or narrower race way in Charbett compared to a hot blast furnace operated comparatively small active ring area at the periphery of the melter gasifier, whereby the gas permeability for reducing gas in the Charbett or the drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag in the Stove are comparatively worse. Furthermore, compared to coke-operated blast furnaces, the use of charcoal and / or coal briquettes as carbon carriers reduces the Charmatrix's hydraulic diameter in a melter gasifier, thus reducing the outflow of liquid pig iron and liquid, especially of highly viscous, slag is difficult, which can lead to disturbances due to backflow of liquid pig iron and / or liquid slag before the oxygen nozzles.
An increase in the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet into the bed would significantly increase the active area in an oxygen-operated blast furnace as well as in a melter gasifier and thus improve the outflow of liquid pig iron and of liquid slag.

Das Reduktionsgas strömt im wesentlichen nach oben. In Strömungsrichtung des Reduktionsgases gesehen nach dem Race-way, also oberhalb des Race-way, kommt es in der Schüttung eines Einschmelzvergasers oder Hochofens zu unerwünschten fluidisierten Bereichen, auch genannt Blasen- oder Kanalbildung. In diesen Bereichen tritt eine Gasmenge unter hohem Druck in die Schüttung aus Feststoffen ein, und die entstehende Mischung von Feststoffen und Gas verhält sich wie ein Fluid. Die Bildung fluidisierter Bereiche ist unerwünscht, weil sie zu sogenannten Durchbläsern durch die Schüttung des Einschmelzvergasers beziehungsweise Hochofens führen können. Durchbläser führen zu plötzlich ansteigenden Änderungen der Gasströmung, Staubbelastung und Zusammensetzung des aus dem Einschmelzvergaser oder Hochofen ausgeleiteten Gases, was den Betrieb solcher Aggregate schwerer beherrschbar macht. Weiters werden bei Durchbläsern Partikel aus dem Einschmelzvergaser oder Hochofen in Leitungen zur Ableitung von Reduktionsgas oder Gichtgas ausgetragen.
Außerdem sind fluidisierte Bereiche unerwünscht, da eine optimale Phasenführung von Gas und Feststoff durch sie behindert wird. In fluidisierten Bereichen kann es zu einer Vermischung von Material aus dem oberen und aus dem unteren Bereich des Charbettes kommen - so gelangt beispielsweise Eisenoxid aus dem oberen Bereich des Charbettes in den unteren Bereich des Charbettes, und fertigreduziertes und teilweise schon geschmolzenes Eisen aus dem unteren Bereich des Charbettes wird in dessen oberen Bereich transportiert.The reducing gas flows substantially upwards. Seen in the flow direction of the reducing gas after the race way, ie above the raceway, it comes in the bed of a melter gasifier or blast furnace to undesirable fluidized areas, also called bubble or channel formation. In these areas, a quantity of gas enters the bed of solids under high pressure, and the resulting mixture of solids and gas behaves like a fluid. The formation of fluidized regions is undesirable because they can lead to so-called blow-throughs through the bed of the melter gasifier or blast furnace. Blowers result in sudden increases in gas flow, dust levels, and composition of gas discharged from the melter gasifier or blast furnace, making the operation of such units less manageable. Furthermore, in blow-by particles are discharged from the melter gasifier or blast furnace in lines for the discharge of reducing gas or blast furnace gas.
In addition, fluidized areas are undesirable because optimal phase control of gas and solid is hindered by them. In fluidized areas, a mixture of material from the upper and from the lower part of the Charbettes can come - so passes, for example, iron oxide from the upper part of the Charbettes in the Lower part of the charbette, and finished and partially molten iron from the lower part of the charbette is transported to its upper part.

Bei Einbringung einer größeren Gasmenge, speziell einer größeren Sauerstoffmenge in die Schüttung, bei Einschmelzvergaser und mit Sauerstoff betriebenen Hochöfen, steigt bei gleichbleibender Eindringtiefe die Gefahr der Entstehung fluidisierter Bereiche.
Wenn die Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles gegenüber einem Grundzustand vergrößert wird, kann eine bestimmte Gasmenge über eine im Vergleich zum Grundzustand vergrößerte Fläche aus dem Race-way in die Schüttung entweichen. Entsprechend werden zur Bildung fluidisierter Bereiche führende DruckBedingungen in der Nachbarschaft zu den Sauerstoffdüsen im Vergleich zum Grundzustand räumlich und zeitlich seltener vorliegen, und als Resultat werden fluidisierte Bereiche in der Nachbarschaft der Sauerstoffdüsen weniger groß und weniger häufig vorliegen.When introducing a larger amount of gas, especially a larger amount of oxygen in the bed, with melter gasifier and blast furnaces operated with oxygen, increases the risk of the formation of fluidized areas with a constant penetration depth.
If the depth of penetration of the oxygen jet is increased compared to a ground state, a certain amount of gas can escape from the raceway into the bed via an area which is larger in comparison to the ground state. Accordingly, pressure conditions adjacent to the oxygen jets in the vicinity of the oxygen jets leading to the formation of fluidized regions will be less spatially and temporally less frequent, and as a result, fluidized regions in the vicinity of the oxygen jets will be less large and less abundant.

In einem Einschmelzvergaser liegt im Bereich des Eintritts des Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung, also dem Race-way, auf Grund der hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit - die im Vergleich zu einem Hochofen um ein Vielfaches höher ist -, der chemischen und thermischen Volumsexpansion, und auf Grund der kleineren Chargröße im Vergleich zur mittleren Größe des Koks im Hochofen, eine Wirbelzone vor. Gemäß bekannter Gesetzmäßigkeiten wird praktisch keine Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe durch höhere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Sauerstoffstrahles erzielt. Eine Erhöhung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Sauerstoffstrahles würde die mechanische Beanspruchung des Chars erhöhen. Die mechanische Beanspruchung würde sich durch Impulsübertragung zwischen den Teilchen des Sauerstoffstrahles und den Bestandteilen des Charbettes - also des Chars - sowie in der Folge durch Impulsübertragung zwischen den Bestandteilen des Charbettes untereinander erhöhen. Durch infolge des durch die Impulsübertragung beziehungsweise die dadurch hervorgerufene mechanische Beanspruchung hervorgerufenen Abriebes beziehungsweise Zerfall des Chars würde mehr Feinkorn in der Wirbelzone gebildet werden.
Für den Zerfall des Chars ist der pro Flächeneinheit übertragene spezifische Impuls die bestimmende Größe. Die Kenngröße dafür ist die Impulskraft, welche den spezifischen auf eine Flächeneinheit bezogenen Impuls darstellt.
Mehr Feinkorn in der Wirbelzone führt jedoch zu einer Verminderung des hydraulischen Durchmessers der Wirbelzone des Race-ways, was wiederum das Abfließen von flüssigem Roheisen und von flüssiger Schlacke durch die aktive Ringfläche verschlechtert.In a melter gasifier lies in the range of the entry of the oxygen jet into the bed, so the race-way, due to the high flow rate - which is many times higher compared to a blast furnace, the chemical and thermal volume expansion, and due to the smaller Char size compared to the mean size of the coke in the blast furnace, a vortex zone before. According to known laws virtually no increase in the penetration depth is achieved by higher flow velocity of the oxygen jet. An increase in the flow rate of the oxygen jet would increase the mechanical stress of the char. The mechanical stress would be due to momentum transfer between the particles of the oxygen jet and the components of the Charbette - so the char - and in the sequence by Increase momentum transfer between the components of the charbette with each other. As a result of the abrasion or decay of the character caused by the momentum transfer or the mechanical stress caused thereby, more fine grain would be formed in the vortex zone.
For the decay of the char, the specific momentum transmitted per unit area is the determining quantity. The characteristic for this is the impulse force, which represents the specific impulse per unit area.
However, more fines in the vortex zone results in a reduction in the hydraulic diameter of the raceway's vortex zone, which in turn degrades the drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag through the active annulus.

Im Falle eines Festbettes in einem Hochofen kann eine Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe durch Erhöhung der Sauerstoffgeschwindigkeit erzielt werden.
Dabei besteht ein wesentlicher Unterschied zwischen einem mit Heißwind betriebenen Hochofen und einem mit Sauerstoff betriebenen Hochofen. Die Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles ist bei einem mit Sauerstoff betriebenen Hochofen im Vergleich zur Eindringtiefe von Heißwind in einem mit Heißwind betriebenen Hochofens gleicher Leistung deutlich geringer. Das deshalb, weil der Massestrom von eingebrachtem Gas beim Sauerstoffstrom geringer ist, da nicht wie beim Heißwind zusammen mit der benötigten Menge Sauerstoff eine große Menge Stickstoff mit eingebracht wird. Im Falle eines mit Sauerstoff betriebenen Hochofens müßte zur Erzielung einer Eindringtiefe, die bei einem mit Heißwind betriebenen Hochofen gleicher Leistung vorliegt, die Sauerstoffgeschwindigkeit im Vergleich zur Geschwindigkeit des Heißwindes erhöht werden - dabei käme es jedoch, wie vorab beschrieben, zu erhöhter mechanischen Zerstörung des Kokses im Hochofen infolge Impulsübertragung und entsprechend durch Feinkornbildung zu einer geringeren Gasdurchlässigkeit des Festbettes im Hochofen.In the case of a fixed bed in a blast furnace, an increase in the penetration depth can be achieved by increasing the oxygen velocity.
There is a significant difference between a hot blast furnace and a blast furnace operated with oxygen. The depth of penetration of the oxygen jet is significantly lower in a blast furnace operated with oxygen compared to the penetration depth of hot blast in a hot blast furnace of the same power. This is because the mass flow of introduced gas in the oxygen flow is lower, since not as in the hot air along with the required amount of oxygen, a large amount of nitrogen is introduced. In the case of a blast furnace operated with oxygen, the oxygen velocity should be increased in comparison to the speed of the hot blast to achieve a penetration, which is in a hot blast furnace of the same power - but it would, as described above, to increased mechanical destruction of the Coke in the blast furnace due to momentum transfer and accordingly by fine grain formation to a lower gas permeability of the fixed bed in the blast furnace.

US5234490 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Roheisenherstellung in einem Hochofen, in dem Topgas aus dem Hochofen wieder in den Hochofen rezirkuliert wird sowie ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas und Brennstoff eingeführt werden. US5234490 describes a process for producing pig iron in a blast furnace in which top gas from the blast furnace is recirculated back into the blast furnace and an oxygen-containing gas and fuel are introduced.

EP1939305A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Roheisenherstellung in Hochöfen, bei dem ein Sauerstoff enthaltender Gasstrahl mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit eingeblasen wird, um die Zugaberate pulverisierter Kohle zu vergrößern. EP1939305A1 discloses a process for producing pig iron in blast furnaces, in which an oxygen-containing gas jet is injected at supersonic speed to increase the rate of addition of pulverized coal.

WO9828447A1 lehrt, die Eindringtiefe vor einer Sauerstoffdüse eines Hochofens optimal zu halten. WO9828447A1 teaches to keep the penetration depth optimally in front of an oxygen nozzle of a blast furnace.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention Technische AufgabeTechnical task

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Einbringung eines Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung eines Roheisenerzeugungsaggregates bereitzustellen, bei dem die oben genannten Nachteile vermieden werden.The object of the present invention is to provide a method for introducing an oxygen jet into the bed of a pig iron production unit, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided.

Technische LösungTechnical solution

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe eines mit einem Volumsstrom und einem Massestrom und mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in die Schüttung eines Roheisenerzeugungsaggregates, eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahles von technisch reinem Sauerstoff mittels einer Sauerstoffdüse zur Vergasung von in der Schüttung vorhandenen Kohlenstoffträgern,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass bei gleichbleibendem Massestrom der Volumsstrom des Sauerstoffstrahles durch Vergrößerung des Durchmessers der Sauerstoffdüse vergrößert wird, wobei die Temperatur des Sauerstoffstrahles bei gleichbleibender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erhöht wird.This object is achieved by a method for increasing the penetration depth of a with a volume flow and a mass flow and with a flow rate in the bed of a pig iron production unit, entering oxygen jet of technically pure Oxygen by means of an oxygen nozzle for the gasification of carbon carriers present in the bed,
characterized,
that with constant mass flow of the volume flow of the oxygen jet is increased by increasing the diameter of the oxygen nozzle, wherein the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased at a constant flow rate.

Technisch reiner Sauerstoff weist einen Sauerstoffgehalt von zumindest 85 Vol%, besonders bevorzugt zumindest 90 Vol% auf.Technically pure oxygen has an oxygen content of at least 85% by volume, more preferably at least 90% by volume.

Bevorzugterweise ist das Roheisenerzeugungsaggregat ein Schmelzreduktionsaggregat wie beispielsweise ein Einschmelzvergaser oder ein sauerstoffblasender Hochofen.Preferably, the pig iron production unit is a smelting reduction unit such as a melter gasifier or an oxygen blast furnace.

Vorteilhafte Wirkungen der ErfindungAdvantageous Effects of the Invention

Die Eindringtiefe wird dadurch erhöht, dass das Verhältnis Volumsstrom zu Massestrom vergrößert wird.The penetration depth is increased by increasing the volume flow to mass flow ratio.

Massestrom und Volumsstrom beziehen sich auf einen gegebenen Betriebszustand; es sind also Massestrom und Volumsstrom bei den bei dem gegebenen Betriebszustand herrschenden Druck und Temperaturbedingungen gemeint.Mass flow and volumetric flow refer to a given operating condition; So it means mass flow and volumetric flow at the prevailing pressure and temperature conditions in the given operating condition.

Durch die Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung wird die aktive Ringfläche des Einschmelzvergasers vergrößert. Somit ergibt sich eine niedrigere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von Reduktionsgas, wenn dieses durch das Charbett nach oben strömt. Damit wird einerseits eine für in einem Einschmelzvergaser vorliegende Wirbelschichten typische, jedoch ungewünschte Blasenbildung verringert, und andererseits der Wärme- und Stoffaustausch zwischen dem Reduktionsgas und der Schüttung im Einschmelzvergaser verbessert.
Die zum Abfließen von flüssigem Roheisen und von flüssiger Schlacke zur Verfügung stehende Fläche wird vergrößert, womit ein für die zur Einbringung des Sauerstoffstrahles in den Einschmelzvergaser verwendeten Sauerstoffdüsen kritischer Rückstau dieser Flüssigkeiten verringert wird. Zudem ergeben sich durch die erfindungsgemäße Erhöhung der Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles bessere metallurgische Bedingungen im Herd - beispielsweise besserer Phasenaustausch zwischen festen und flüssigen Phasen von Schlacke und Roheisen - und gegenüber einer geringeren Eindringtiefe verbesserte Abstichbedingungen - es treten weniger Störungen beim Abstichprozess auf.By increasing the penetration depth of the oxygen jet into the bed, the active ring area of the melter gasifier is increased. Thus, there is a lower flow rate of reducing gas as it flows up through the charbet. Thus, on the one hand, a typical, but undesirable bubble formation for fluidized beds present in a melter gasifier On the other hand, the heat and mass transfer between the reducing gas and the bed in the melter gasifier improved.
The area available for the drainage of liquid pig iron and liquid slag is increased, thus reducing critical backflow of these liquids for the oxygen nozzles used to introduce the oxygen jet into the melter gasifier. In addition, resulting from the inventive increase in the penetration depth of the oxygen jet better metallurgical conditions in the stove - for example, better phase exchange between solid and liquid phases of slag and pig iron - and compared to a lower penetration depth improved Abstichbedingungen - there are fewer disturbances in the tapping process.

Der Volumsstrom wird bei gleichbleibendem Massestrom erhöht. In diesem Fall wird pro Zeiteinheit eine gleichbleibende Menge Sauerstoff in die Schüttung eingebracht.The volume flow is increased at a constant mass flow. In this case, a constant amount of oxygen is introduced into the bed per unit time.

Gleichbleibender Massestrom ist dabei im anlagentechnischen Sinne zu verstehen und umfasst auch die durch Regelung auf einen gegebenen Betriebszustand - wie beispielsweise durch gegebene Schmelzleistung, Wärmebedarf, Art der eingesetzten Rohstoffe, Druck, Temperatur, bestimmt - hin auftretenden Schwankungen von bis zu +/- 10 % von dem Wert, der bei einem gegebenen Betriebszustand gewünscht ist.Constant mass flow is to be understood in the technical sense of the plant and also includes the control of a given operating condition - such as given by melting, heat demand, type of raw materials used, pressure, temperature determined - occurring fluctuations of up to +/- 10% from the value desired at a given operating condition.

Der Sauerstoffstrahl tritt mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in die Schüttung ein.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Temperatur des Sauerstoffsstrahles erhöht.
Durch die Erhöhung der Temperatur wird das Verhältnis Volumsstrom zu Massenstrom erhöht.
Vorteilhafterweise kann durch den damit verbundenen Eintrag von Energie in das Roheisenerzeugungsaggregat anders gearteter Energieeintrag, beispielsweise über Brennstoffzugabe in das Roheisenerzeugungsaggregat, eingespart werden.The oxygen jet enters the bed at a flow rate.
According to the method of the invention, the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased.
Increasing the temperature increases the volume flow to mass flow ratio.
Advantageously, by the associated entry of energy into the pig iron production unit differently type of energy input, for example via fuel addition in the pig iron production unit, can be saved.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Temperatur des Sauerstoffsstrahles bei gleichbleibender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erhöht.The process of the invention, the temperature of the oxygen jet is increased at a constant flow rate.

Dabei ist gleichbleibende Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im anlagentechnischen Sinne zu verstehen und umfasst auch die durch Regelung auf einen gegebenen Betriebszustand hin auftretenden Schwankungen von bis zu +/- 10 % von dem Wert, der bei einem gegebenen Betriebszustand gewünscht ist.This is to be understood as the constant flow velocity in the plant engineering sense and also includes the fluctuations occurring by regulation to a given operating state of up to +/- 10% of the value that is desired for a given operating state.

Durch die Maßnahme, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit gleichbleibend zu erhalten, wird der durch die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit begründete Impuls des Sauerstoffstrahls konstant gehalten. Bei vergrößerter Eindringtiefe und Eintrittsfläche wird dann die Impulskraft verringert. Dadurch wird entsprechend weniger Feinkorn gebildet.By the measure to maintain the flow rate constant, the pulse of the oxygen jet established by the flow velocity is kept constant. With an increased penetration depth and entry surface, the impulse force is then reduced. As a result, correspondingly less fine grain is formed.

Um bei einer gegenüber einem Ausgangswert erhöhten Temperatur des Sauerstoffstrahles bei gleichbleibender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit einen konstanten Massenfluss zu gewährleisten, obwohl bei einer Zunahme der Temperatur die Dichte des Sauerstoffstrahles abnimmt, wird der Durchmesser der bei der erhöhten Temperatur einzusetzenden Sauerstoffdüsen entsprechend größer ausgeführt.
Weiters ist es empfehlenswert, die Sauerstoffdüsen innen zu isolieren beziehungsweise die Sauerstoffzuleitung zu den Sauerstoffdüsen zu isolieren und/oder so auszuführen, dass die Wärmeverluste gering sind.In order to ensure a constant mass flow at an elevated temperature of the oxygen jet at a constant flow velocity, although the density of the oxygen jet decreases with an increase in the temperature, the diameter of the oxygen nozzles to be used at the elevated temperature is correspondingly increased.
Furthermore, it is recommended to isolate the oxygen nozzles inside or to isolate the oxygen supply to the oxygen nozzles and / or run so that the heat losses are low.

Zur Erhöhung der Temperatur des Sauerstoffstrahles wird er vor dem Eintritt in die Schüttung des Roheisenerzeugungsaggregates vorgewärmt.To increase the temperature of the oxygen jet, it is preheated before it enters the bed of the pig iron production unit.

Dies kann mittels einer einzelnen oder mehrerer der nachfolgend genannten Verfahren in Kombination geschehen:

  • Verbrennung eines festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes - beispielsweise aus dem Prozess zur Roheisenerzeugung, in dem das Roheisenerzeugungsaggregat eingesetzt wird, anfallende Prozessgase wie beispielsweise Topgas aus einem Reduktionsschacht; bespielsweise Erdgas - mit Sauerstoff über einen Brenner, und Vermischung des dabei erhaltenen heißen Gases mit dem Sauerstoff.
This can be done in combination by means of one or more of the following methods:
  • Combustion of a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel - for example, from the process of pig iron production, in which the pig iron production unit is used, resulting process gases such as top gas from a reduction shaft; For example, natural gas - with oxygen through a burner, and mixing the resulting hot gas with the oxygen.

Bevorzugterweise findet die Vermischung in diesem Fall mit dem Sauerstoff in der Brennkammer des Brenners statt, um den Temperatureinfluss auf die Ausmauerung von den Sauerstoff führenden Leitungen zu minimieren.

  • Vermischung von Sauerstoff mit Dampf und/oder heißem Stickstoff in Mischkammer oder an der Einblasstelle
  • Verwendung von indirekten Wärmetauschern, beispielsweise
    • unter Vorwärmung durch Nutzung von Abwärme von COREX®/FINEX®-Prozessgasen,
    • unter Vorwärmung durch Dampf,
    • unter Vorwärmung durch sonstige Wärmeträger wie beispielsweise Thermoöl oder Stickstoff,
    • unter Vorwärmung über heiße Rauchgase aus Verbrennung von Brennstoffen. Das kann beispielsweise auch über heiße Rauchgase aus bestehenden Anlagen wie beispielsweise Anlagen zur Kohletrocknung, Reduktionsgasöfen, Kraftwerken erfolgen.
Preferably, in this case, the mixing takes place with the oxygen in the combustion chamber of the burner to minimize the influence of temperature on the lining of the oxygen-carrying lines.
  • Mixing oxygen with steam and / or hot nitrogen in the mixing chamber or at the injection point
  • Use of indirect heat exchangers, for example
    • preheating by using waste heat from COREX® / FINEX® process gases,
    • under preheating by steam,
    • under preheating by other heat transfer media such as thermal oil or nitrogen,
    • under preheating over hot flue gases from combustion of fuels. This can also be done, for example, via hot flue gases from existing plants such as coal drying plants, reduction gas stoves, power plants.

Bei Vorwärmung durch Dampf können beispielsweise Kondensations- oder Gegendruckdampfwärmetauscher eingesetzt werden. Die Dampfquellen müssen jedenfalls eine hohe Verfügbarkeit aufweisen.When preheating by steam, for example condensation or counter-pressure steam heat exchangers can be used. In any case, the steam sources must have a high availability.

Lieferung von erwärmtem Sauerstoff kann direkt von der für seine Bereitstellung eingesetzten Sauerstofferzeugungsanlage erfolgen. Es kann also auch in einer Sauerstofferzeugungsanlage anfallender warmer Sauerstoff, und zwar mit oder ohne zusätzliche Erwärmung, genutzt werden. Nach einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsvariante wird dabei der Sauerstoff bei der Sauerstofferzeugungsanlage durch indirekten Wärmetausch des Sauerstoffes mit heißer Prozessluft des Sauerstofferzeugungsprozesses erwärmt. Nach einer anderen Ausführungsvariante wird der Sauerstoff durch adiabate Verdichtung von gasförmigem Sauerstoff erwärmt.Supply of heated oxygen can be made directly from the oxygen production plant used for its supply. It can also be used in an oxygen production plant resulting warm oxygen, with or without additional heating. According to an embodiment variant according to the invention, the oxygen in the oxygen production plant is heated by indirect heat exchange of the oxygen with hot process air of the oxygen production process. According to another embodiment, the oxygen is heated by adiabatic compression of gaseous oxygen.

Die Erwärmung von Sauerstoff kann auch 2-stufig erfolgen, indem beispielsweise zuerst eine Vorwärmung auf beispielsweise 100 - 150°C bei niedrigem Sauerstoffdruck erfolgt, und in weiterer Folgen eine adiabate Verdichtung auf circa 300 °C durchgeführt wird.The heating of oxygen can also be carried out in two stages, for example by preheating first to, for example, 100-150 ° C. at low oxygen pressure, and adiabatic compression to about 300 ° C. is subsequently carried out.

Die Vorwärmung des Sauerstoffes kann nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens auch mittels Vorheizung von Sauerstoff mittels eines Plasmabrenners und Vermischung mit nicht derart vorgeheiztem Sauerstoff geschehen.The preheating of the oxygen can be done according to another embodiment of the method according to the invention by means of preheating of oxygen by means of a plasma torch and mixing with not so preheated oxygen.

Bevorzugt ist es, den Sauerstoff durch Abwärme der Sauerstofferzeugunganlage und/oder durch Abwärme eines Kraftwerkes zu erwärmen.
Als Sauerstofferzeugungsanlage ist dabei in erster Linie eine Air Separation Unit ASU gemeint. In einer solchen ASU sind eine Vielzahl von Kompressoren wie etwa Main Air Compressor MAC, Booster Air Compressor (BAC) vorhanden. Speziell in Combined Cylce Power Plants sind Gasturbinen vorhanden, die mit Luftkompessoren gekoppelt sind.
Stromabwärts solcher Kompressoren in Lufterzeugungsanlagen oder Kraftwerken fällt durch Kompression erhitztes Gas an, dessen Wärme als Abwärme an die Umwelt abgegeben wird. Diese Abwärme wird bevorzugterweise zur Erwärmung des Sauerstoffes genutzt, der in das Festbett eines Einschmelzvergaser eingebracht wird. Eine Erhöhung der Temperatur des Sauerstoffstrahles führt zu einem verminderten Bedarf an Kohlenstoffträgern zur Bereitstellung der zum Einschmelzen der Eisenträger erforderlichen Energie. Damit wird der Prozess der Roheisenerzeugung kostengünstiger und es werden die spezifischen Emissionen, speziell von CO2, bei der Roheisenerzeugung vermindert.It is preferred to heat the oxygen by waste heat of the oxygen production plant and / or by waste heat of a power plant.
As an oxygen production plant is meant primarily an Air Separation Unit ASU. In such an ASU are a variety of compressors such as Main Air Compressor MAC, Booster Air Compressor (BAC) available. Combined Cylce Power Plants in particular feature gas turbines that are coupled with aircompensators.
Downstream of such compressors in air generators or power plants is compressed gas heated by compression, the heat of which is dissipated as waste heat to the environment. This waste heat is preferably used to heat the oxygen, which is introduced into the fixed bed of a melter gasifier. Increasing the temperature of the oxygen jet results in a reduced need for carbon carriers to provide the energy needed to melt the iron carriers. This makes the process of pig iron production more cost effective and reduces the specific emissions, especially of CO 2 , in the production of pig iron.

Der Sauerstoffstrahl tritt unter einem Eintrittsdruck in die Schüttung ein, der so gewählt ist, dass der beim Strömen des bei der Umsetzung des Sauerstoffs gebildete Reduktionsgas über das Charbetts bis zum Beruhigungsraum auftretende Druckverlust überwunden werden kann.The oxygen jet enters the bed at an inlet pressure chosen to overcome the pressure loss occurring during the flow of the reducing gas formed during the reaction of the oxygen across the charbette to the settling space.

Nach einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Eintrittdruck bei gleichbleibendem Massenstrom vermindert. Um den Prozess der Roheisenerzeugung weiter ablaufen lassen zu können, wird dabei gleichzeitig beispielsweise der Druck im Beruhigungsraum gesenkt oder das Charbett zwecks Verminderung des Druckverlustes verkleinert. Durch die Verminderung des Eintrittdruckes kann ein höherer Volumenstrom bei gleich bleibendem Massestrom erzielt werde. Gleichbleibender Massestrom ist dabei im anlagentechnischen Sinne zu verstehen und umfasst auch die durch Regelung auf einen gegebenen Betriebszustand hin auftretenden Schwankungen von bis zu +/- 10 x% von dem Wert, der bei einem gegebenen Betriebszustand gewünscht ist.According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the inlet pressure is reduced while maintaining the mass flow. In order to be able to continue to run the process of pig iron production, for example, while the pressure in the calming room is lowered or the Charbett reduced in order to reduce the pressure loss. By reducing the inlet pressure, a higher volume flow can be achieved with a constant mass flow. Constant mass flow is to be understood in terms of plant technology and also includes the fluctuations occurring by regulation to a given operating state of up to +/- 10 x% of the value that is desired for a given operating condition.

Um bei einer gegenüber einem Ausgangswert verminderten Eintrittsdruck des Sauerstoffstrahles einen gleichbleibendem Massefluss zu gewährleisten, obwohl bei einer Verminderung des Drucks die Dichte des Sauerstoffstrahles abnimmt, wird der Durchmesser der bei dem verminderten Druck einzusetzenden Sauerstoffdüsen entsprechend größer ausgeführt.In order to ensure a constant mass flow at a reduced compared to an initial value inlet pressure of the oxygen jet, although with a reduction in pressure, the density of the oxygen jet decreases, the Diameter of the oxygen nozzles to be used at the reduced pressure made correspondingly larger.

Vorzugsweise beträgt die Temperatur des in die Schüttung eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahles zumindest 200°C, bevorzugt zumindest 250°C.Preferably, the temperature of the entering into the bed of oxygen jet is at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 250 ° C.

Vorzugsweise beträgt die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des in die Schüttung eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahles im Bereich 100 m/s bis Schallgeschwindigkeit, bevorzugt im Bereich 150 - 300 m/s. Dabei ist die Schallgeschwindigkeit unter den Druck/Temperaturbedingungen des Sauerstoffs beim Eintrit gemeint.
Unter 100 m/s Gefahr besteht eine große Gefahr von Düsenschäden durch Rückströmung von flüssigem Roheisen in die Düsen. Ab Schallgeschwindigkeit ergibt sich ein hoher Druckverlust über die Sauerstoffdüsen und hoher Energiebedarf zum Aufbau des für eine solche Geschwindigkeit notwendigen Druckes. Zudem trägt der mit so hohen Geschwindigkeiten verbundene große Impuls des Sauerstoffstrahles stark zur unerwünschten Feinkornbildung bei.The flow rate of the oxygen jet entering the bed is preferably in the range from 100 m / s to the speed of sound, preferably in the range from 150 to 300 m / s. Here, the speed of sound under the pressure / temperature conditions of the oxygen at the entrance is meant.
Under 100 m / s risk there is a great risk of nozzle damage due to backflow of molten pig iron into the nozzles. From the speed of sound results in a high pressure drop over the oxygen nozzles and high energy consumption to build up the pressure necessary for such a speed. In addition, the large momentum of the oxygen jet associated with such high velocities greatly contributes to undesirable fine grain formation.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt zusammen mit dem Sauerstoffstrahl eine Eindüsung von Kohlenstoffträgern in fester oder flüssiger oder gasförmiger Form, beispielsweise Kohle/Öl/Eigengas, in den Sauerstoffstrahl vor dem, im Bereich des Eintritts des Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung gebildeten, Race-way und/oder in dem Race-way.
Dabei wird der Effekt erzielt, dass durch Vergasung dieser Kohlenstoffträger ein effektiv größeres Gasvolumen im Race-way gebildet und in die Schüttung eingebracht wird, als wenn nur der Sauerstoffstrom in die Schüttung eintritt - denn das eingebrachte Gasvolumen setzt sich aus dem eintretenden Sauerstoffstrahl und dem bei der Vergasung entstehenden Gas zusammen - genannt resultierender Gasstrahl. Bei gleicher in die Schüttung eintretender Menge Sauerstoff wird also eine Erhöhung des Verhältnisses Volumsstrom zu Massestrom des eintretenden, resultierenden Gasstrahles erzielt. Die Mengen der Eindüsung und die Reinheit des Sauerstoffstrahles, in den eingedüst wird, beziehungsweise in dessen Race-way eingedüst wird, sind so gewählt, dass es sich bei dem resultierenden Gasstrahl immer noch um technisch reinen Sauerstoff handelt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is carried out together with the oxygen jet an injection of carbon carriers in solid or liquid or gaseous form, for example coal / oil / gas, in the oxygen jet before, formed in the region of the entry of the oxygen jet into the bed, Race way and / or in the race way.
In this case, the effect is achieved that by gasification of these carbon carriers effectively a larger volume of gas in the raceway is formed and introduced into the bed, as if only the oxygen flow enters the bed - because the introduced gas volume is composed of the incoming oxygen jet and at the gasification gas together - called resulting gas jet. With the same amount of oxygen entering the bed, an increase in the ratio of the volume flow to the mass flow of the incoming, resulting gas jet is thus achieved. The quantities of the injection and the purity of the oxygen jet into which it is injected, or in which its raceway is injected, are selected so that the resulting gas jet is still technically pure oxygen.

Kohle wird beispielsweise als Kohlestaub zugeführt.
Öl wird beispielsweise fein zerstäubt zugeführt.
Das Eigengas ist bevorzugterweise auf die Temperatur des Sauerstoffstromes vorgewärmt. Unter Eigengas ist beim Prozess der Roheisenerzeugung, zu dem der Sauerstoff beiträgt, gebildetes Reduktionsgas oder Exportgas zu verstehen.Coal is fed, for example, as coal dust.
Oil is supplied, for example, finely atomized.
The internal gas is preferably preheated to the temperature of the oxygen stream. In the case of natural gas, in the process of pig iron production to which the oxygen contributes, the reducing gas or export gas formed is to be understood.

Die Angaben Massestrom, Volumsstrom, Temperatur, Druck des Sauerstoffstrahles, sowie die Werte für Massestrom, Volumsstrom, Temperatur, Druck des Sauerstoffstrahles beziehen sich auf die Stelle der Zufuhr des Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung.The data mass flow, volume flow, temperature, pressure of the oxygen jet, as well as the values for mass flow, volume flow, temperature, pressure of the oxygen jet refer to the point of supply of the oxygen jet in the bed.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings Kurze Beschreibung der AusführungsformenShort description of the embodiments

  • Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen anhand von Diagrammen die erfindungsgemäß erzielten Effekte.The FIGS. 1 to 3 show by diagrams the effects achieved according to the invention.
  • Die Figuren 4, 5 und 6 zeigen beispielhaft und schematisch, wie die Temperatur des Sauerstoffsstrahles bei gleichbleibender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erhöht werden kann.The FIGS. 4 . 5 and 6 show by way of example and schematically how the temperature of the oxygen jet can be increased at a constant flow rate.

Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Beispiel dafür, dass bei einer Vergrößerung des Verhältnisses Volumsstrom zu Massenstrom eines Sauerstoffstrahles die Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles zunimmt. Der Massestrom ist konstant. Figur 1 zeigt beispielsweise, dass bei einer Erhöhung des Verhältnisses Volumsstrom zu Massestrom von etwa 90% von knapp 0,22 auf knapp 0,42 m3/kg die Eindringtiefe des Sauerstoffstrahles um knapp 15% zunimmt. Das trifft auf beide gezeigten Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten zu.The FIG. 1 shows an example that increasing the ratio of volume flow to mass flow of an oxygen jet, the penetration depth of the Oxygen jet increases. The mass flow is constant. FIG. 1 shows, for example, that with an increase in the ratio of volume flow to mass flow of about 90% from just 0.22 to just 0.42 m 3 / kg, the penetration depth of the oxygen jet increases by almost 15%. This applies to both flow rates shown.

Auch die Figur 2 zeigt ein Beispiel dafür, dass die Eindringtiefe eines Sauerstoffstrahles in die Schüttung eines Einschmelzvergasers zunimmt, wenn das Verhältnis Volumsstrom zu Massestrom des Sauerstoffstrahles vergrößert wird. Der Massestrom des Sauerstoffstrahles ist gleichbleibend. Damit bei erhöhter Temperatur des Sauerstoffstrahles die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit gleich bleibt, werden bei höheren Temperaturen größere Durchmesser der Sauerstoffdüsen - in der Figur abgekürzt mit Nozzledia - verwendet. Aus der Figur 2 ist zu entnehmen, dass bei gleichbleibendem Massestrom und gleichbleibender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit die Eindringtiefe mit steigender Temperatur zunimmt. Da steigende Temperatur über abnehmende Dichte größeres Volumen bedeutet, ergibt sich eine steigende Eindringtiefe mit Vergrößerung des Verhältnisses Volumsstrom zu Massestrom des Sauerstoffstrahles.Also the FIG. 2 shows an example that the penetration depth of an oxygen jet into the bed of a melter gasifier increases as the ratio of volumetric flow to mass flow of the oxygen jet is increased. The mass flow of the oxygen jet is constant. So that at elevated temperature of the oxygen jet, the flow rate remains the same, at higher temperatures larger diameter of the oxygen nozzles - abbreviated to Nozzledia - used in the figure. From the FIG. 2 It can be seen that with constant mass flow and constant flow velocity, the penetration depth increases with increasing temperature. Since rising temperature over decreasing density means larger volume, there is an increasing penetration depth with increase of the ratio volumetric flow to mass flow of the oxygen jet.

Figur 3 zeigt, dass das Verhältnis Volumsstrom zu Massenstrom eines Sauerstoffstrahles mit sinkendem Eintrittsdruck beziehungsweise mit zunehmender Temperatur zunimmt. FIG. 3 shows that the ratio volumetric flow to mass flow of an oxygen jet increases with decreasing inlet pressure or with increasing temperature.

Die Basis für die präsentierten Figuren waren ein Massestrom von 2200 Nm3/h von reinem Sauerstoff, und ein Absolutdruck am Austritt des Sauerstoffs aus der Sauerstoffdüse von 5,5 beziehungsweise 4,5 bar.The basis for the presented figures were a mass flow of 2200 Nm 3 / h of pure oxygen, and an absolute pressure at the exit of the oxygen from the oxygen nozzle of 5.5 or 4.5 bar.

Die Figuren 4, 5 und 6 zeigen beispielhaft und schematisch, wie die Temperatur des Sauerstoffsstrahles bei gleichbleibender Strömungsgeschwindigkeit erhöht werden kann. Dabei ist jeweils am rechten Bildrand schematisch eine Sauerstoffdüse angedeutet.The FIGS. 4 . 5 and 6 show by way of example and schematically how the temperature of the oxygen jet at constant Flow rate can be increased. In this case, an oxygen nozzle is schematically indicated in each case on the right edge of the image.

Figur 4 zeigt schematisch, wie Sauerstoff 1 dadurch erwärmt wird, dass ein gasförmiger Brennstoff - in diesem Fall aus dem Prozess zur Roheisenerzeugung, in dem das Roheisenerzeugungsaggregat eingesetzt wird, anfallendes Topgas 2 aus einem nicht dargestellten Reduktionsschacht - mit einem Teil des Sauerstoffs 1 in einem Brenner 3 verbrannt wird, und sich das bei der Verbrennung erhaltende heiße Gas mit dem unverbrannten Sauerstoff 1 vermischt. Die Vermischung findet in diesem Fall in der Brennkammer 4 des Brenners 3 statt, um den Temperatureinfluss auf die Ausmauerung von den Sauerstoff führenden Leitungen zu minimieren. Der Druck des Sauerstoffstrahles bleibt dabei gleich, nur die Temperatur steigt. FIG. 4 schematically shows how oxygen 1 is heated by a gaseous fuel - in this case from the process of pig iron production in which the pig iron is used, resulting top gas 2 from a reduction shaft, not shown - with a portion of the oxygen 1 in a burner. 3 is burned, and the hot gas obtained in the combustion with the unburned oxygen 1 is mixed. The mixing takes place in this case in the combustion chamber 4 of the burner 3, in order to minimize the influence of temperature on the lining of the oxygen-carrying lines. The pressure of the oxygen jet remains the same, only the temperature rises.

Figur 5 zeigt schematisch, wie Sauerstoff 1 durch Verwendung indirekter Wärmetauscher 5 erwärmt wird. Im indirekten Wärmetauscher 5 wird Wärme von Dampf 6 auf den Sauerstoff übertragen, wobei der Druck des Sauerstoffstrahles gleich bleibt. FIG. 5 shows schematically how oxygen 1 is heated by using indirect heat exchanger 5. In indirect heat exchanger 5, heat is transferred from vapor 6 to oxygen, with the pressure of the oxygen jet remaining the same.

Figur 6 zeigt schematisch, wie eine Erwärmung von Sauerstoff 1 zweistufig erfolgt. Zuerst wird eine Vorwärmung bei niedrigem Druck des Sauerstoffstrahles mittels eines indirekten Wärmetauschers 5 und Dampf 6 vorgenommen, und dann erfolgt eine adiabate Verdichtung des derart vorgewärmten Sauerstoffs in einem Kompressor 7. Dabei wird vor der Vorwärmung der Sauerstoffstrahl durch adiabate Entspannung in einer Entspannungsvorrichtung δ von einem Anfangsdruck auf einen Zwischendruck entspannt, wobei die Temperatur des Sauerstoffstrahles abnimmt. Nach der darauffolgenden Vorwärmung des unter dem Zwischendruck stehenden Sauerstoffs wird der Sauerstoff dann bei der adiabaten Verdichtung wieder auf den Anfangsdruck gebracht und dabei auf die gewünschte Temperatur erwärmt. Liste der Bezugszeichen Sauerstoff 1 Topgas 2 Brenner 3 Brennkammer 4 Wärmetauscher 5 Dampf 6 Kompressor 7 Entspannungsvorrichtung 8 FIG. 6 shows schematically how a heating of oxygen 1 takes place in two stages. First, a preheating at low pressure of the oxygen jet by means of an indirect heat exchanger 5 and 6 steam is made, and then there is an adiabatic compression of the thus preheated oxygen in a compressor 7. In this case, before preheating the oxygen jet by adiabatic relaxation in a relaxation device δ of a Initial pressure relaxed to an intermediate pressure, wherein the temperature of the oxygen jet decreases. After the subsequent preheating of the intermediate pressure oxygen is the Oxygen is then brought back to the initial pressure in the adiabatic compression and heated to the desired temperature. List of reference numbers oxygen 1 top gas 2 burner 3 combustion chamber 4 heat exchangers 5 steam 6 compressor 7 relief device 8th

Claims (6)

  1. Method for increasing the penetration depth of an oxygen stream of technically pure oxygen
    entering with a volume flow and a mass flow and with a flow speed
    into the bed of an iron ore production unit, preferably of a smelter reduction unit/melter gasifier or an oxygen blast furnace, by means of an oxygen nozzle
    for gasification of carbon carriers present in the bed, characterised in that,
    while the mass flow remains the same, the volume flow of the oxygen stream is increased by increasing the diameter of the oxygen nozzle,
    wherein the temperature of the oxygen stream is increased while the flow speed remains the same.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the temperature of the oxygen stream is increased by means of one or by a combination of a number of the methods given below:
    - Combustion of a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel with oxygen via a burner, and mixing of the hot gas obtained therein with the oxygen,
    - Mixing of oxygen with steam and/or hot nitrogen in a mixing chamber or at the blast input point,
    - Use of indirect heat exchangers,
    - Preheating of oxygen by means of a plasma burner and mixing with oxygen not preheated in this way.
  3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the oxygen stream enters the bed at an entry pressure, characterised in that the entry pressure is reduced while the mass flow remains the same.
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the temperature of the oxygen stream entering the bed amounts to at least 200°C, preferably at least 250°C.
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the flow speed of the oxygen stream entering the bed lies in the range 100 m/s up to the speed of sound, preferably in the range 150 - 300 m/s.
  6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, together with the oxygen stream, there is an injection of carbon carriers in solid or liquid or gaseous form, into the oxygen stream before the raceway formed in the area of the entry of the oxygen stream into the bed and/or in the raceway.
EP11746203.6A 2010-08-25 2011-07-27 Method for increasing the penetration depth of an oxygen stream Not-in-force EP2609223B1 (en)

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FR2070864A1 (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-09-17 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Blast furnace - injection of oxidising gas independently - of the blast to improve prodn
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JP3523716B2 (en) * 1994-11-02 2004-04-26 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Scrap melting method
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RU2583558C2 (en) 2016-05-10
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