EP2603468A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von magnetischem blähglasgranulat und danach hergestelltes blähglasgranulat - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von magnetischem blähglasgranulat und danach hergestelltes blähglasgranulatInfo
- Publication number
- EP2603468A1 EP2603468A1 EP11746218.4A EP11746218A EP2603468A1 EP 2603468 A1 EP2603468 A1 EP 2603468A1 EP 11746218 A EP11746218 A EP 11746218A EP 2603468 A1 EP2603468 A1 EP 2603468A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- magnetic
- glass
- expanded glass
- premix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/108—Forming porous, sintered or foamed beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
- B03C1/01—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by addition of magnetic adjuvants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/007—Foam glass, e.g. obtained by incorporating a blowing agent and heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/04—Particles; Flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2214/00—Nature of the non-vitreous component
- C03C2214/30—Methods of making the composites
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of magnetic expanded glass granules and a produced Blähglasgranulat thereafter.
- methane is formed with the aid of the methanogenic bacteria from H 2 and CO 2 or from acetic acid or other low molecular weight compounds, such as methylamine or the like anaerobic and reducing conditions.
- the methanogenic bacteria can achieve only a very low energy gain per converted substrate molecule, so that long generations are an inevitable and inevitable consequence. For this reason, the start-up phase of new biogas reactors takes a long time. If a biogas reactor of conventional design has reached its operating state, as long as the growth rate of the slowest-growing microorganisms is greater than the leaching rate or the discharge rate, stable operation can be maintained.
- the leaching rate or discharge rate may be permanently as long as the growth rate of the slowest growing microorganisms; then the upper performance limit of this biogas reactor is reached. If even more substrate is entered into the biogas plant, the fermentation residue must be discharged even faster. Then, the washout rate exceeds the maximum growth rate of the slowest growing microorganisms (mostly methane gas bacteria). If this condition lasts longer, the biogas plant continuously loses the slowly growing methane gas bacteria until it collapses. It must therefore come to a decoupling of the substrate throughput of the content of active biomass.
- the Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Bornim eV in Potsdam has developed a method for controlling the content of microbial biomass in one or more reactors of a biogas plant and a device for producing biogas (Patent DE 10 2005 024886 B3). , In this process, magnetic particles are added to the biogas reactor, with which the microorganisms come into contact.
- the magnetic particles are significantly smaller than the microorganisms, the microorganisms, the magnetic particles in extracellular polysaccharides, So in slime substances that hold the flakes record.
- the microorganisms can colonize the surface of the magnetic particles and form biofilms there.
- the agglomerates of magnetic particles and bacteria can be retained in the outlet of the bioreactor with the corresponding magnet. It could be shown that both the space and the mud load could be increased.
- the start-up phase could be shortened by the use of magnetic particles.
- the particles it is also favorable for the particles to set a density of about 1 g / cm 3 so that they neither sink to the bottom of the biogas reactor nor float, because the reaction media are generally not stirred vigorously.
- the particles there is a need for improved mechanical properties, since in biogas plants such particles should go through as many cycles as possible.
- glass as a matrix optionally made of waste glass, would be particularly suitable.
- EP 1 900 697 A1 and EP 1 900 698 A1 describe synthetically produced glass foam granules and also synthetically produced foam glass and a filter device made therefrom.
- the described materials contain magnetizable materials such as iron, nickel or cobalt in 0.01 wt .-% up to 50 wt .-% homogeneously distributed in the foam glass.
- the US 5734020 A describes porous, inorganic, silicate materials with particle sizes of 1 ⁇ - 200 ⁇ , which are suitable for various purification methods and chromatography. In this case, work is also carried out explicitly with glass particles of controlled pore sizes, as well as with porous silica gel.
- the magnetism is introduced into the materials by impregnating, washing and drying them with colloidal magnetic pigments. This process avoids high temperatures, which can lead to a transformation of the magnetic pigments into non-magnetic secondary products.
- WO 01/71732 A2 describes the production of so-called magnetic glass particles by coating of commercially available magnetic particles with SiO 2 from the hydrolysis condensation of silicon alkoxides. In this process, very high temperatures are not set, so that the magnetism of the magnetic pigments used remains unchanged. Due to the high cost of the starting materials, such magnetic particles are essentially suitable for purification processes or diagnostic applications, too expensive for use in industrial processes and too expensive to produce in larger quantities.
- the invention is based on the object to provide mechanically stable magnetic particles of inorganic glass, which are suitable as growth carriers for microorganisms and also for Bioseparationsvon.
- this first premix with blowing agent, binder and water to form a homogeneous slurry, granulating the slurry using the remainder, if any, of the first premix into magnetic expanded glass granule green bodies, and Foaming the expanded glass granules green bodies to magnetic expanded glass granules particles at temperatures of 600 ° C to 950 ° C.
- ferrimagnetic particles are incorporated in per se known glass foam formulations, as described by way of example in the publications DE 10 2004 012598 A1, EP 2 022 768 A2 and WO 2006/092153 A1, without addition of magnetic pigments.
- ferrimagnetic materials which retain their magnetization after switching off an external magnetic field, are so-called magnetically hard materials.
- Ferrimagnetism is characterized at the atomic level by two different sized opposite magnetic vectors resulting from the spinel structure of these oxidic materials.
- the crystalline magnetic particles of the magnetic expanded glass granules have the following basic phase composition:
- the procedure is such that the used glass powder and the other raw materials are mixed with commercially available magnetic pigments. These may have a magnetite or a ⁇ -iron oxide phase. When working with magnetite, it is necessary to avoid the high-temperature treatment of the resulting product. tes under inert gas. When working with ⁇ -iron oxide, it was surprisingly found that a protective gas atmosphere is not necessary in order to obtain significant magnetizabilities in the final product.
- the process control as described in the examples, it is possible in particular to adjust the particles according to the invention so that they have a density of about 1 and thus neither sediment nor float in the reaction medium.
- the density can also be adapted to other requirements if necessary.
- the magnetic expanded glass particles produced according to the processes described in the abovementioned publications are mechanically surprisingly stable, have a good magnetic susceptibility, have a density of approximately 1 g / cm 3 and are suitable as a growth support material for microorganisms.
- biogas reactors it is analogous to the document DE 10 2005 024886 B3 that the use of magnetic particles and their restraint significantly increase the space load / sludge load of the biogas reactor, which is explained by the associated improved retention of the methane gas bacteria and other bacteria involved in the process can be.
- the magnetic particles according to the invention can also be used for a large number of other slowly growing bacteria or microorganisms are used as carriers. Applications could include fermentations in the pharmaceutical industry, the dairy industry, the sugar industry, the paper industry, etc. A further application is the immobilization of hydrogen-producing microorganisms or in the wastewater area nitrifying or deammo- nififugde bacteria. In addition, a use of the above-mentioned magnetic particles in adsorption, chemical or enzymatic reactions is possible; possibly after previous surface modification. It is also possible to use magnetic carriers of suitable size for cell culture cells or eukaryotic cells.
- the dispersion of the glass powder-magnetic pigment mixture to the first homogeneous premix can be carried out by dry or wet dispersion.
- the proportions of glass flour and magnetic pigments in this first premix are preferably from 65 to 92% by weight for glass flour and 8 to 35% by weight for the magnetic pigments, with a particularly preferred premix containing about 80% by weight glass flour and 20% magnet particles by weight ,
- the proportions of the components of the second premix are preferably in the range of 30 to 99% by weight for waterglass, 0 to 70% by mass for water and 1 to 10% by mass of blowing agent, preferably in the form of sodium nitrate. Particularly preferred ranges are 54 to 56 mass% for water glass, 43 to 44 mass% for water and 2 to 2.5 mass% for the blowing agent. Values of from 2: 1 to 4: 1, more preferably from 2.7: 1 to 3.0: 1, are to be stated as preferred mass ratios between the first and second premix.
- the expanded glass granulate green bodies can be dried and classified before foaming.
- the surface area and the pore volume were determined with a fully automatic nitrogen porosimeter from Micromeritics type ASAP 2010.
- the sample is cooled in a high vacuum to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, nitrogen is continuously metered into the sample chambers. By detecting the adsorbed amount of gas as a function of pressure, an adsorption isotherm is determined at a constant temperature. In a pressure equalization, the analysis gas is gradually removed and a desorption isotherm is recorded. To determine the specific surface area and the porosity according to the BET theory, the data are evaluated in accordance with DIN 66131.
- the pore volume is also determined from the measurement data using the BJH method (LP Barret, L. G. Joiner, P. P. Hai-enda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, 1991, 373). This procedure also takes into account effects of capillary condensation. Pore volumes of certain volume size ranges are determined by summing up incremental pore volumes obtained from the evaluation of the BJH adsorption isotherm. The total pore volume by BJH method refers to pores with a diameter of 1.7 to 300 nm.
- Water content The water content of the products at 105 ° C is determined using the method DIN / ISO-787/2.
- a first process variant for the production of magnetic glass particles provides for the following production routine on a laboratory scale:
- Such pigments are sold, for example, by the company Lanxess.
- An example of the indicated ⁇ -iron oxide pigment is the material Bayoxide® EAB21.
- An example of a magnetite pigment is the material Bayoxide® E 7810.
- the second premix is mixed wet:
- the two premixes are completely granulated in a Lödige ploughshare mixer for 60 seconds.
- the produced expanded glass Granules green body are then dried for several hours at a temperature of 105 ° C in an oven.
- the dried green bodies are then classified, large components mechanically comminuted and classified again.
- a sieve limit is 0.25 mm.
- the resulting green bodies are foamed with an addition of 10 to 15% by mass of kaolin as a release agent in a rotary kiln at temperatures between 780 ° C and 815 ° C over a period of 15 minutes.
- kaolin as a release agent
- bulk densities in the range between 492 g / l and 710 g / l result, with the bulk density generally decreasing with increasing foaming temperature.
- the foamed particles of the magnetic expanded glass granules thus produced are then classified again and used in a size of 0, 1 mm to 0.3 mm for the use experiments described below.
- X-ray diffraction analysis in a diffractometer Philips X-
- the values of the starting oxide Bayoxide® EAB21 are for volume-based magnetic susceptibility at 2.41 * 10 "4 and the mass-based magnetic susceptibility at 2.77 * 10" 7 m 3 / kg.
- the phase composition is 97% by mass of y-Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite) and 3% by mass of a-Fe 2 O 3 .
- a second process variant for the production of magnetic expanded glass granules provides for the preparation of a first premix of the following constituents:
- a second premix is created from Water glass 137.0 g
- Another batch of the first premix is prepared from
- This second batch is also dispersed dry in a mixer.
- premix 1 and premix 2 are granulated in a Hobart mixer with stages 1-2-1.
- the expanded glass granulate green bodies thus produced are dried for several hours at a temperature of 105 ° C.
- the abovementioned green bodies are foamed with about 30% by volume (bedding) of kaolin as release agent in a chamber furnace at 740 ° C. over a period of 0.5 hours.
- the result is a magnetic Blähglasgru- nulat with a bulk density of 505 g / 1.
- a laboratory spray tower for granulation of a slip slurry is used.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010039232 DE102010039232B4 (de) | 2010-08-12 | 2010-08-12 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von magnetischem Blähglasgranulat |
PCT/EP2011/063695 WO2012020017A1 (de) | 2010-08-12 | 2011-08-09 | Verfahren zur herstellung von magnetischem blähglasgranulat und danach hergestelltes blähglasgranulat |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2603468A1 true EP2603468A1 (de) | 2013-06-19 |
Family
ID=44510952
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11746218.4A Withdrawn EP2603468A1 (de) | 2010-08-12 | 2011-08-09 | Verfahren zur herstellung von magnetischem blähglasgranulat und danach hergestelltes blähglasgranulat |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2603468A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010039232B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012020017A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015201842B4 (de) * | 2015-02-03 | 2018-08-16 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Blähglasgranulat und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
DE102015213417A1 (de) | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-19 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung von ammoniumhaltigem Abwasser |
CA3002496A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Granular pelletized glass material with trace elements, especially as growth support for selective nutrient supply of microorganisms |
CN113860748B (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-06-09 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种亚铁磁性泡沫微晶玻璃及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10252693A1 (de) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-03 | Trovotech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von plättchenförmigen sowie unregelmäßigen, 3-dimensional oder regelmäßig geformten Glaspartikeln |
KR100877280B1 (ko) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-01-07 | 주식회사 에코세라 | 전자파 흡수형 발포유리블럭 및 그 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4150173A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1979-04-17 | Xerox Corporation | Process of preparing transparent colored magnetic materials |
US4395271A (en) * | 1979-04-13 | 1983-07-26 | Corning Glass Works | Method for making porous magnetic glass and crystal-containing structures |
US5734020A (en) * | 1991-11-20 | 1998-03-31 | Cpg, Inc. | Production and use of magnetic porous inorganic materials |
US5870977A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1999-02-16 | New Devices Engineering A.K.A. Ltd. | Boiler with conductive pipe lining and containing magnetic granules |
ATE419629T1 (de) * | 2000-03-24 | 2009-01-15 | Qiagen Gmbh | Poröse ferro- oder ferrimagnetische glasteilchen für molekültrennung |
DE102004012598A1 (de) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-29 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumglasgranulat |
CA2598824A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-08 | Dennert Poraver Gmbh | Process for preparing foamed glass granulate |
DE102005024886B3 (de) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-21 | Institut für Agrartechnik Bornim e.V. | Verfahren zum Regeln eines Gehaltes an mikrobieller Biomasse in einem oder mehreren Reaktoren einer Biogasanlage und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Biogas |
DE102006044012A1 (de) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-04-03 | Roland Roth | Synthetisch hergestelltes Schaumglas und Filtervorrichtung |
EP1900697A1 (de) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-19 | "TECHNOPOR" Handels GmbH | Synthetisch hergestelltes Glasschaum-Granulat |
DE102007036812A1 (de) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-05 | Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetriebe | Poröses Material, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung |
-
2010
- 2010-08-12 DE DE201010039232 patent/DE102010039232B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-08-09 WO PCT/EP2011/063695 patent/WO2012020017A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-08-09 EP EP11746218.4A patent/EP2603468A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10252693A1 (de) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-03 | Trovotech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von plättchenförmigen sowie unregelmäßigen, 3-dimensional oder regelmäßig geformten Glaspartikeln |
KR100877280B1 (ko) * | 2007-08-24 | 2009-01-07 | 주식회사 에코세라 | 전자파 흡수형 발포유리블럭 및 그 제조방법 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 201049, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2009-F89750 * |
See also references of WO2012020017A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102010039232B4 (de) | 2013-02-21 |
DE102010039232A1 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
WO2012020017A1 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
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