EP2599067B1 - Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger - Google Patents

Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger Download PDF

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EP2599067B1
EP2599067B1 EP11748606.8A EP11748606A EP2599067B1 EP 2599067 B1 EP2599067 B1 EP 2599067B1 EP 11748606 A EP11748606 A EP 11748606A EP 2599067 B1 EP2599067 B1 EP 2599067B1
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station
auxiliary
signal
alarm
routine
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EP2599067A1 (fr
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Lotfi Makadmini
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Priority claimed from DE102010032368.3A external-priority patent/DE102010032368B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102010032349A external-priority patent/DE102010032349B4/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/007—Wireless interrogation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a full-duplex radio communication method for avoiding communication disturbances and for maintaining the duty-cycle control in a communication system, in particular a radio-hazard alarm system.
  • the invention relates to a radio communication method for avoiding communication disturbances and for rapid alarm notification in a communication system, in particular a radio alarm system.
  • Radio-controlled alarm systems include alarm sensors, also called secondary stations, which in the event of a detected danger, eg fire, burglary, a danger message via a radio link to a danger control center, also called main station or general headquarters, transmit, in the removal of the danger further measures, eg alerting the fire brigade or the police.
  • alarm sensors also called secondary stations
  • a danger control center also called main station or general headquarters
  • the secondary stations usually comprise a transmitting and a receiving device and are intended for use in inadequate places as self-sufficient, i. with a battery and not by a cable connection to a mains supply.
  • all components of the substation must be designed as energy-efficient as possible, and the components should only be switched on at certain periodic times, typically every 32 seconds, and not be constantly in operation.
  • a “sleep mode” or standby mode refers only to the radio communication, because here the power consumption is greatest.
  • each slave station typically wakes up once a second for a very short time, depending on the sensor from a few microseconds to a few ms, monitors the sensor activity for alarm or not.
  • Alarm For a fire detector e.g. the smoke density is monitored. For a gas sensor, the gas concentration is measured briefly. etc. If an alarm is detected, the radio unit is immediately woken up from sleep mode and an alarm message is sent.
  • the sensor part typically consumes 1mA of current.
  • the radio part typically consumes 20 mA of current.
  • the application part and then the radio unit wake up one after the other when routine communication to the main station is due.
  • the alarm sensors should be operated as autonomously as possible with a battery for use in all possible locations and, depending on the sensor, for 5 to 10 years of service life.
  • every slave station for example, must indicate every 32 seconds that it is still functioning by sending a certain signal, a so-called "routine signal", to the master station (master). This signal is then answered by the main station by an acknowledgment signal. The exchange of these two signals is called integrity checking.
  • the receiver knows that he has not received anything, so the receipt is missing and thus the sender knows that his message may not have been transmitted. Both assume that there is a fault and act accordingly.
  • the fault described above is just one example of several possible communication faults of the handshake-based synchronous radio system.
  • the radio communication between slave and main station for the integrity check typically takes place every 32 seconds. It is a strictly synchronous system. Both communication partners work synchronized in time and it can often lead to a miscommunication when the substation misses the exact time for a communication. Despite calibration in production, this can happen for a variety of reasons: aging of the quartz, temperature differences between main and secondary station, different degrees of humidity, etc. If there is a miscommunication, the main station must repeatedly send an auxiliary signal (synchronization signal) to the substation so that the radio communication can be rebuilt. This is at the expense of the power consumption of the substation. If the fault communication takes longer, it must be reported to the higher-level control station / central office again and again, which you would like to avoid.
  • the end EP 0911775 described system can not meet most of the new duty cycle requirements of the frequency band 863-870 MHz. With a few exceptions, the latest ETSI EN300220 V2.3.1 standard from February 2010 requires a duty cycle of predominantly 0.1%. In exceptional cases 1%, 10% and 100% are allowed.
  • a method from the EP0911775 has a typical time unit of one second. Typically, every 32 seconds the system integrity of a signaling sensor (substation) is checked by radio. The slave station also sends a message for about 10 ms and the master station (master) for 10 ms.
  • the substation typically wakes up every 32 seconds and communicates with the main station.
  • the duty cycle requirement of 0.1% is thus fulfilled. If, on the other hand, one looks at the main station, which wakes up once a second for a communication, then the duty cycle requirement of 0.1% is violated since every second there is a communication lasting at least 10 ms.
  • a master / master typically supplies 32 substations / slaves.
  • a conflagration or burglary only a single detector rarely triggers an alarm. In most cases, many alarms are triggered by several detectors in this case. Even from a single detector several alarm levels can be triggered.
  • the important alarm messages can collide with the usual integrity check messages. In this case, the frequency channel should actually be free for alarm messages. Waiving or turning off the Integrity Check messages is illegal even in the event of an alarm.
  • a time of 10 seconds is defined as the alarm time, ie the time between the registration of an alarm by a sensor and the display of the alarm message by the higher-level control panel (eg fire panel). Only the processing and the verification of the message by the superordinate one occupy a period of 6 -8 seconds. This means that there is a maximum of 2 seconds available for message transmission from the secondary station to the main station.
  • EN54-25 describes a test on how 10 alarms can be triggered at the same time and thus a possible collision is provoked. This test strictly monitors whether the standard 10-second alarm time for displaying the alarm at the parent station is met.
  • the slave station in the EP 0 911 775 described system, immediately and immediately a radio message to the main station.
  • this radio message may collide with other alarm messages or messages of the normal communication of other substations.
  • the other substations / detectors that are in alarm, must send immediately and immediately, without any regard for other radio messages.
  • disturbances in the reception of the messages can occur again and again during the long service life of the system components. These disturbances can occur, for example, due to fading effects. This is the attenuation or disappearance (fading) of the RF field, which causes the communication between the main station and a specific substation to break.
  • a radio system that does not use at least measures 1 to 4 can not work smoothly over the entire service life (from 5 to 10 years).
  • the messages can be redirected from the secondary station to the main station. This is always considered to be a suitable measure if direct communication is not achieved.
  • This topic is already in several publications, such as the publication EP1244082A1 , treated.
  • the direct communication between the main station M and (for example) substation S10 is interrupted.
  • S10 has the slave station S9 as a "broker", which in this critical case should help S10 to relay the messages.
  • Each message is diverted from M to S10 (or vice versa from S10 to M) via S9.
  • S9 is a kind of "luggage carrier" in this system. S9 just forwards the message and does not care about the content of the message. Whether it is a normal message or alarm messages, is indifferent to the broker S9.
  • the main station M requests the broker S9 to stay awake to transmit "important" messages from or to the secondary station S10. However, S9 notices after 32 seconds that S10 needs help. Because to save power, each substation is only briefly awake every 32 seconds. In this short time the integrity check runs. That S9 can not immediately realize that S10 needs help. Because until the main station M and S10 notice that the communication has actually failed, S9 has long been back in sleep mode.
  • This condition is not necessarily a temporary condition. It could take hours, months and even years without the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm panel, burglar alarm panel) noticing something.
  • the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm control panel, burglar alarm panel) requires 6 to 8 seconds for the verification and further processing of the alarm message until it signals the alarm.
  • the corresponding standards e.g. The EN54, without exception, stipulate that an alert may last no more than 10 seconds.
  • An alarm message from the slave station S10 must therefore arrive at the main station M within two seconds.
  • the transmission takes at least 32 + 2 seconds.
  • the alarm messages [31 + 2] and [30 + 2] would take seconds, respectively, because the slave stations are polled in order of their numbering by the master station.
  • the slave station S10 can in rare cases S11 (S11 is queried directly after S10) selected as a "favorite broker". Even then, the alarm message would take at least a second longer (2 + 1).
  • S11 is not ideal as a favorite broker. It takes one or two seconds for the master station M and the slave station S10 to note the failure of the communication, to report and to initiate the diversion mechanism. S11 or S12 can not respond and leave in time after the integrity check as usual in sleep mode to save power. Only in this way is the long life guaranteed.
  • S11 and even S12 do not notice anything about the divert mechanism. Only at the next cycle, ie after 32 seconds, can the secondary station S11 or S12 learn about the problem at secondary station S10 and provide assistance.
  • An ideal broker for S10 would be the secondary station S13 or S14. However, even with S13 or S14 the alarm message lasts for 2 seconds, 2 + 3 (S13) or 2 + 4 (S14) seconds. If one adds the 6 to 8 seconds of verification and further processing of the higher-level alarm system, the best result is an alarm reaction time of 13 or 14 seconds. That is, regardless of which slave station acts as a broker, the norm is violated even at the shortest alarm response time since the prescribed 10 seconds are exceeded.
  • a further disadvantage of this method is that slave stations that work as brokers must establish communication with the main station not only in the event of an alarm, but also normally (during the integrity check). This can, as already mentioned, last for a longer period of time.
  • the broker in the example, the sub-station S9 would then do the double work.
  • the service life of the slave station S9 is reduced and in the worst case, it is reduced by half. Need several substations help from the neighbors, so the life decreases not only at a substation, but at other substations also.
  • the maximum number of slave stations that can be managed by a master station is well below 32. In practice, this number is more likely to be 6 to 8 slave stations. As a result, only a few potential brokers are available to a secondary station from a priori.
  • the cycle that polls the substations remains at 32 seconds, because a shorter polling period means that each substation needs to switch more frequently from sleep mode to normal mode. This is associated with a higher power consumption of the substations, which brings a significant reduction in the lifetime.
  • WO00 / 70573 shows a monitoring and control system with a main station and multiple substations. Communication between the stations takes place via radio, bi-directional communication being possible. In this case, a routine check of the system state of the substations is provided, wherein an identification number of the substation, the battery voltage, etc. can be transmitted with.
  • the stations may have the ability to transmit and receive at the same time, preferably the transmission and reception by a station is temporally offset from one another.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a radio communication method and a communication system designed for this purpose, in which the communication is more reliable. In particular, urgent messages should be transmitted in good time.
  • the invention relates to a synchronous method for radio transmission in a reporting system, in particular a hazard detection system.
  • the message system has a main station and at least one secondary station.
  • the secondary station may have and / or be connected to a status detector.
  • information collected by the detectors is sent via the substations to the main station, including an identification of the slave station and / or the detector, such as an address.
  • d. H Within the time period for the standard system-wide check, that is, the communication capability between the master station and each slave station, the state of each slave station is checked one by one.
  • the master station sends a master station routine signal to a slave station and at the same time this slave station sends a child station routine signal to the master station.
  • This simultaneous signal transmission and the associated data exchange between the main station and a secondary station takes place once in the overall period.
  • the master station transmits a routine signal as many times as the reporting system has slave stations.
  • the main station sends the main station routine signal in a first channel and the slave stations their respective Maustationsroutinesignal in a second channel.
  • the main station and the slave stations can acknowledge receipt of the received routine signal. For this purpose, it is conceivable that the main station and the respective slave station transmitting a routine signal at the same time send an acknowledgment at the end of its routine signal. This acknowledgment can prove that at least the beginning of the parallel routine signal (s) has been received.
  • both stations i. H. Main and secondary station
  • both stations i. H. Main and secondary station
  • recognize this state in that the one station has not received the routine signal and the other station has received no acknowledgment in the received parallel routine signal.
  • the master station and the respective slave station can then switch to another channel within the frequency range in which the routine signal could not be transmitted.
  • the other channel is an adjacent frequency channel to the previously selected.
  • the main station in a s. G. "Broadcast" signal, which is a signal directed to all slave stations, notify that the faulty frequency channel in question has been changed.
  • the new selected frequency channel is preferably always used.
  • Such a frequency channel change is carried out a maximum of 5-7 times.
  • the entire frequency spectrum is searched for a new frequency range which is as unobtrusive as possible and / or which is not used by any other means of communication.
  • this search will be preferably the communication between the main station and substations continued.
  • the main station uses a transmitting / receiving unit (a transceiver) to scan the entire frequency spectrum for a new frequency range, while another transmitting / receiving unit handles the communication with the substations. If, therefore, the main station has only two transmitting / receiving units, then, for example, a communication with the secondary stations can take place via the acknowledgment operation known from the prior art. If the main station has now determined a new frequency range for the disturbed, this preferably indicates in a message to all slave stations a time and the frequency range to be changed to.
  • a transmitting / receiving unit a transceiver
  • routine signal For an identification of a secondary station or the main station, its routine signal preferably has an individual identification pulse at the beginning, which may be characterized by a clear amplitude and / or frequency characteristic.
  • a pulse which serves to correct the resonance curve of an antenna of the main station or a secondary station.
  • this is again followed by a pulse in the routine signal of the main station, which serves to synchronize the secondary stations.
  • the slave station which is currently transmitting at the same time can therefore adapt the clock assigned to it to the clock assigned to the master station both in terms of time and frequency when receiving this synchronization pulse.
  • the invention relates to a method for the radio transmission of reporting data from substations to a main station.
  • the registration data also the identification information transmitted from the substations and / or the detectors of the main station.
  • the method performs a routine check of each slave station to verify system integrity within a system integrity check period.
  • routine check is performed by means of a routine signal within an associated routine signal slot.
  • the time from the beginning of a routine signal to the next routine signal corresponds to a routine signal period.
  • the routine signal time slot is shorter than the routine signal period.
  • an alarm time slot is now provided within the routine signal period for each slave station and / or a proximity help time slot for each slave station.
  • the respective substation preferably this alone, authorized to send an alarm signal or a neighborhood help signal.
  • this corresponding slave station can now send a proximity help signal in the neighborhood assistance time slot assigned to it.
  • a second substation which has been previously selected for the corresponding substation to provide neighborly assistance, is preferably active at this time, i. H. it is in receive mode and evaluates the neighborhood help signal from the first substation. The second substation may then forward the contained information to the main station in the neighborhood assistance slot assigned to it.
  • the neighborhood help time slot of the second, forwarding slave station is the one in neighborly assistance time slot in the same routine signal period in which the first slave station is also located in the neighborhood service slot assigned to it, or in the next routine signal period.
  • the second slave station does not only listen to the first slave station during the proximity assistance time slot, i. H. while it is in the receive mode, but also during the alarm slot of the first slave station.
  • the second substation also forwards an alarm from the first substation to the main station.
  • a time slot is likewise provided in the routine signal period in which it can send messages to slave stations designated by it.
  • These slave stations can be informed, for example, in routine signals or other signals, that they have to change to receive mode during the time slot of the master station.
  • the main station can also send information to a specific, for example, the second slave station in the routine signal directed to it.
  • the second substation thus receives information that has the first substation as the addressee.
  • the second secondary station can thus now evaluate this information and / or forward it directly to the first station in the neighborhood assistance time slot of the second secondary station.
  • the first slave station is thus preferably always in the receive mode during the neighborhood help time slot of the slave station currently responsible for it with regard to the neighborhood assistant.
  • the invention deals with a method for installing the hazard alarm system.
  • the process can simplify installation and reduce the time required to do so.
  • the detectors are first installed at the respective positions / squares during the construction phase. Weeks later, when the construction phase is completely finished, the alarm center comes in and is put into operation in the basement or in a special storage room.
  • the detectors were constantly looking for the central office for weeks, their energy consumption would be very high and their batteries were rapidly running out. If, instead, the detectors were only installed after the construction phase and then registered at the central office, the operation in the building would be partially disturbed by the presence of the installers. Most customers / building operators are against these disturbances and want to avoid them. A solution is searched for.
  • the entire registration of all detectors is performed at the respective alarm control panels in production. Then everything is switched off again. After restarting the substations and the respective hazard control panels in the installation field, i. in the building (or buildings) for which the alarm system is intended to be located, and / or detect the alarm panel and all detectors again. It starts immediately the normal operating mode.
  • the invention also relates to a hazard detection system, comprising at least one main station and at least one secondary station with a state detector, wherein the main station and the secondary station are designed for radio communication.
  • the substation and the main station are fully duplex compatible. This means that both can send and receive at the same time.
  • they preferably have two semi-duplex-capable transceivers, which can thus either send or receive.
  • the transceivers can thus switch between sending and receiving.
  • the danger detection system is preferably designed to carry out the method described above.
  • the danger detection system can be part of a higher-level, central hazard detection system.
  • the latter can have a higher-level control center, such as a peripheral control panel, and at least one hazard detection system.
  • a fixed conductor such as a serial interface, is preferably used for a communication between the hazard detection system and the higher-level control center.
  • the communication system according to the invention which may in particular be a fire or danger alarm system, has as in Fig.1 a or 1b shows illustrated at least one main station (master) M1. This is connected to a higher-level control center BMZ the danger detection system, such as a fire alarm panel. At least one slave station S1-Sn is in turn connected to the main station M1.
  • the communication system is a hybrid system in which a part 1,2,3 ( Fig.1b) the state detector or substations is wired and a part S1, S3 wireless, ie that they are wireless detectors.
  • the communication method according to the invention can then also be used between the wired status indicators and the main station or a separate one.
  • the overall device thus forms a central hazard alarm system and a device consisting of a main station M1 and the slave stations S1-Sn connected to it, a hazard alarm system.
  • an integrity check is performed periodically, for which a so-called first and second routine signal between the main and secondary stations are exchanged at a periodic interval, for example every 32 seconds.
  • the secondary station has or is connected to a sensor whose measurements are conducted via a radio interface to the main station. This evaluates the radio signals from the secondary station and sends them via a further interface (radio and / or fixed conductor) to the higher-level control center, if necessary, for example, in a critical measurement of a sensor.
  • both main station M1 and substations S1 each have at least two reception devices RX1M, RX2M and RX1S, RX2S or at least two transmission devices TX1M, TX2M and TX1S, TX2S.
  • reception devices RX1M, RX2M and RX1S, RX2S are two half-duplex or full-duplex transceivers per main or slave station.
  • the two transceivers preferably have an insulation between each other of at least 40 dB.
  • the multiple receiving devices or transmitting devices both at the main station (master) and at the slave station (slave / detector) preferably use the same antennas, ie it is a so-called "antenna diversity - method" (antenna diversity) applied. In addition, they preferably use the same antenna connections and interfaces and the same microcontroller.
  • the multiple receiving or transmitting devices may have different settings and protocols: data rate, IF bandwidths, baseband filters and various types of modulation.
  • the slave station sends a message to the master station (master) in cyclic intervals, typically every 32 seconds, and reports the current status.
  • This is called an integrity check or routine check wherein the message is sent by means of the so-called first routine signal, in this case the secondary station routine signal, to the main station.
  • a message is sent from the master station to the slave station, the message being sent by means of what is called a routine signal, in this case the master station routine signal, to the slave station.
  • the substation is informed so that everything is ok from the main station and no further messages are sent.
  • the master station determines in parallel whether the message from the slave station is just arriving or not on the other frequency.
  • the main station can not yet interpret the message from the substation at this time, it can at least confirm the arrival or not. This can be communicated to the slave in the last bit of the current message. The same applies in the same way to the substation. Both stations are in receive mode at the time of exchanging the routine signals.
  • a jump to an adjacent channel within the frequency band is strictly unnecessary, because both communication partners can in principle communicate with each other in a frequency band.
  • the advantage here is the determination of a free alternative channel in the same frequency band that can be used in the next integrity check. This intelligent use of frequencies makes it extremely unlikely that all major and minor channels (i.e., both 434 MHz and 868 MHz frequency bands) will be disturbed. Such a disturbance is not easy to produce even in a sabotage case.
  • Slave n begins the integration test from his side by sending the message to the master in the time cycle n intended for him, that it is fully functional and that there are no special occurrences.
  • the slave sends with transceiver # 1 on the frequency 868.3 MHz.
  • Transceiver # 2 of the slave works at 433 MHz and waits for the message of the integration check of the master, in which he informs that everything is fine from his side and that the message from the slave arrives at 868 MHz. If the message of the slave for the integration test has not been understood by the master, the master will report to the slave again. For this, transceiver # 1 of the slave (868 MHz band) is now in receive mode in the event of a fault.
  • the transceiver # 2 of the slave (433 MHz band) is active only in the event of a fault and sends the message to the master that he has not heard his message or only partially. If the first message is understandable by the master on 433 MHz and no message comes back from the master to 868 MHz.
  • the integrity check was successful and the slave goes into low power mode.
  • the master prepares for the time cycle n + 1 for the slave n + 1.
  • the master sends his message to 433 MHz. This is received and understood by the slave.
  • the parallel, ie corresponding message from the slave to the master at 868 MHz does not arrive or is not understood by the master.
  • the master experiences this communication disturbance by not receiving the beginning of the expected message.
  • the slave in turn can handle the communication learn from this that in the parallel message of the master at the end he receives no confirmation.
  • Both communication partners respond to such a fault with a simultaneous channel change to another frequency channel (within the 868 MHz band) and try to communicate again. This procedure repeat both partners a maximum of 7 times. If it still does not come to communication, so they try to find on the 433 MHz band the "causes".
  • the master can be checked if the level is too weak and / or if it is a broadband interferer. All this information is important for the master because the probability of the same thing happening with the other detectors is high. This allows the master to adjust to this fault.
  • the main station can inform the substations of the change by means of a broadcast signal, which is a signal directed to all secondary stations.
  • the broadcast signal is sent outside the routine time slot.
  • the used channel is changed over the long term for all substations.
  • the higher-level control center of the alarm system for example a fire alarm panel (BMZ)
  • BMZ fire alarm panel
  • the slave sends its message to 868 MHz. This is received and understood by the master.
  • Each slave has a well-defined time window within the typical period of 32 seconds in which only this slave is allowed to issue its MASTERSLAVE or SLAVEMASTER message.
  • Another aspect of the invention synchronization problem
  • the radio communication between slave and main station for the integrity check typically takes place every 32 seconds. It is a strictly synchronous system. Both communication partners work synchronized in time and it can often lead to a miscommunication when the substation misses the exact time for a communication. Despite calibration in production, this can happen for a variety of reasons.
  • the synchronization takes place in parallel to the actual radio communication according to the method according to the invention.
  • the time clock of the substation is set to the time clock of the main station.
  • Fig. 3 shows the new way of synchronization and concurrent integrity checking.
  • the main station sends a sg "Preburst" of at least 15 bit and a maximum of 95 bit. This prefurst is used to synchronize the clock of the secondary station with the clock of the main station (system clock).
  • the preburst is practically like a trigger: As soon as the slave station receives this preburst, it sets its own clock every time, typically every 32 seconds. As soon as the clock is switched on, the slave station knows whether its transmission data is too early or too late and corrects it immediately. Done on the "Preburst" a start bit. The slave sends an unmodulated carrier and waits for the pre-burst and the start bit from the master.
  • the master transmits a synchronization pattern of, for example, 3 bytes.
  • the slave transmits a synchronization pattern of, for example, 3 bytes.
  • master and slave are synchronous. Then, the data exchange between the master and slave, for example, by sending the routine signals.
  • the end EP 0 911 775 described system can not meet most of the new duty cycle requirements of the frequency band 863-870 MHz. With a few exceptions, the latest ETSI EN300220 V2.3.1 standard from February 2010 requires a duty cycle of predominantly 0.1%. In exceptional cases 1%, 10% and 100% are allowed.
  • the representation shown describes a communication between the master station (master) and the slave station (slave).
  • the master station which has the highest number of messages to be sent, every second in the worst case, transmits in another frequency band (eg 434 MHz) in which there is a duty cycle of 100% or 10%.
  • the main station can also transmit in subbands of the 868 MHz band, where 1%, 10% and 100% duty cycle applies.
  • the slave station can transmit on any frequency 868 MHz band, in which a duty cycle of only 0.1% is allowed.
  • the sensor (slave station) comply with the duty cycle requirements of the EN300220 standard, but also the master station (master / master station).
  • Another aspect of the invention danger of collision with several alarms:
  • a master / master typically supplies 32 substations / slaves.
  • a conflagration or burglary only a single detector rarely triggers an alarm. In most cases, many alarms are triggered by several detectors in this case. Even from a single detector several alarm levels can be triggered.
  • the important alarm messages can collide with the usual integrity check messages. In this case, the frequency channel should actually be free for alarm messages. Waiving or turning off the Integrity Check messages is illegal even in the event of an alarm.
  • the slave station reports according to the inventive method immediately the alarm to the main station (master / central) on the frequency 868 MHz.
  • the communication system will change its course: instead of working full-duplex on two frequencies in normal operation as before, the communication system switches to alarm mode.
  • the main station gradually informs all substations of the new mode, i. the alarm mode.
  • a frequency band (433 MHz) is used only for the integrity check.
  • the second frequency band (868 MHz) is reserved for alarm communication only.
  • the data on the frequency bands 868 and 433 MHz are here only typical and meant as an example. It could easily be used other bands or even subbands of a single band. For example: 863 MHz and 869 MHz.
  • the invention is in no way limited to a hazard detection system. It is obvious that the advantageous communication according to the invention can take place in all areas of radio communication, for example in satellite communication, in traffic monitoring, traffic control technology, or in any form of sensor monitoring in which a device is monitored by means of at least one sensor , wherein the measurements of the sensor are transmitted to a control center for further processing.
  • the latter embodiment is conceivable, for example, in aircraft or industrial / production plants.
  • Another aspect of the invention alarm reporting method
  • a time of 10 seconds is defined as the alarm time, ie the time between the registration of an alarm by a sensor and the display of the alarm message by the higher-level control panel (eg fire panel). Only the processing and the verification of the message by the superordinate one occupy a period of 6 -8 seconds. This means that there is a maximum of 2 seconds available for message transmission from the secondary station to the main station.
  • EN54-25 describes a test on how 10 alarms can be triggered at the same time and thus a possible collision is provoked. This test strictly monitors whether the standard 10-second alarm time for displaying the alarm at the parent station is met.
  • the slave station in the EP 0 911 775 described system, immediately and immediately a radio message to the main station.
  • this radio message may collide with other alarm messages or messages of the normal communication of other substations.
  • the other substations / detectors that are in alarm must send immediately and immediately, without any regard to other radio messages.
  • the best collision resolution method is to avoid the collision:
  • the collision is avoided in that each slave station does not report immediately and immediately in the event of an alarm, but in a specific time interval reserved for each slave station.
  • This time interval may typically be 10 ms long and preferably occurs in each time cycle (typically every second) of the main station.
  • Fig. 4 shows an overview of the periodic course of the system integrity check of all substations according to the invention.
  • a time cycle of a slave station Sn is typically 32 seconds. This corresponds to a so-called system integrity check period Tges, in which the system integrity of all slave stations is checked once. In normal mode, ie if there is no alarm message, the secondary station logs in to the main station every 32 seconds.
  • a time cycle of the main station is typically one second. This corresponds to a so-called routine signal period Tr, in which the main station checks a secondary station by means of a routine signal.
  • Tr routine signal period
  • the master station master M
  • the detector n slave n
  • the integrity check which is done by exchanging one or more routine messages.
  • a main station typically has 32 substations / detectors.
  • the system integrity check period preferably has 32 routine signal periods.
  • the secondary station / detector Sn can and must only report within the alarm interval Z4Sn. However, it is only allowed to send Z4Sn in the alarm interval if an alarm is really to be reported. In the alarm interval Z4Sn, the main station expects only one alarm message from the slave station Sn. This means that preferably only the slave station n is allowed to transmit in the alarm interval n.
  • the secondary station n may only report an alarm in the alarm interval Z4Sn (alarm time slot n). Only exception for the latter may be that the slave station is signaling within its routine signal (for example, by setting a predetermined bit), whether there is an alarm or not. However, the exact information about the alarm will not be available until the alarm interval Z4Sn.
  • each substation has its assigned alarm interval in which to send without running the risk of causing or even causing a collision. All alarm messages from the different detectors arrive at the main station within one second at the latest.
  • the substations / detectors remain active and send the alarm messages again in the assigned alarm intervals within the next second as confirmation of the last alarm messages.
  • the slave station sends a corresponding message in its assigned alarm intervals.
  • a confirmation from the main station that the alarm messages have been received is given to the secondary stations on the second frequency band or subband (433 MHz or 868 MHz + x MHz).
  • Slave station and master station are synchronized to each other, so both have the same system clock. If the clock of the secondary station deviates from the main station, it will be corrected accordingly. This ensures that the short alarm time windows of the secondary and main stations match. A collision of the messages is therefore not possible.
  • the main station enters the receive mode at the beginning of each alarm interval, typically 32 times, in order to possibly receive a secondary station alarm signal. To save power the main station switches the reception as soon as she notices that no alarm message is sent.
  • a slave station If a slave station has an alarm to report, it waits for its predetermined alarm time interval. Only then does the secondary station send its alarm message to the main station. Although this has the disadvantage that in a main station with 32 substations the alarm message is delayed up to 500 ms. But this prevents a possible collision of (in the worst case) 32 alarm messages at the same time. The first and last alarm arrives at the main station within one second.
  • a transceiver in alarm mode reserved only for alarm messages. With 10 or 32 alarm messages at the same time, a multiple transceiver is overwhelmed.
  • the division of the time unit of the main station into alarm intervals that is, the use of a time division multiplexer (TDM) method, preferably in conjunction with a frequency division multiplexer (FDM) method, is the only guarantee of the Avoidance of a collision and the associated illegal alarm delay of far more than 10 seconds.
  • TDM time division multiplexer
  • FDM frequency division multiplexer
  • disturbances in the reception of the messages can occur again and again during the long service life of the system components. These disturbances can occur, for example, due to fading effects. This is the attenuation or disappearance (fading) of the RF field, which causes the communication between the main station and a specific substation to break.
  • a radio system that does not use at least measures 1 to 4 can not work smoothly over the entire service life (from 5 to 10 years).
  • the messages can be redirected from the secondary station to the main station. This is always considered to be a suitable measure if direct communication is not achieved.
  • This topic is already in several publications, such as the publication EP1244082A1 , treated.
  • S10 has the slave station S9 as a "broker", which in this critical case should help S10 to relay the messages.
  • S9 is a kind of "luggage carrier" in this system. S9 just forwards the message and does not care about the content of the message. Whether it is a normal message or alarm messages, is indifferent to the broker S9.
  • the main station M requests the broker S9 to stay awake to transmit "important" messages from or to the secondary station S10. However, S9 notices after 32 seconds that S10 needs help. Because to save power, each substation is only briefly awake every 32 seconds. In this short time the integrity check runs. That S9 can not immediately realize that S10 needs help. Because until the main station M and S10 notice that the communication has actually failed, S9 has long been back in sleep mode.
  • This condition is not necessarily a temporary condition. It could take hours, months and even years without the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm panel, burglar alarm panel) noticing something.
  • the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm control panel, burglar alarm panel) requires 6 to 8 seconds for the verification and further processing of the alarm message until it signals the alarm.
  • the corresponding standards e.g. The EN54, without exception, stipulate that an alert may last no more than 10 seconds.
  • An alarm message from the slave station S10 must therefore arrive at the main station M within two seconds.
  • the transmission takes at least 32 + 2 seconds.
  • the alarm messages [31 + 2] and [30 + 2] would take seconds, respectively, because the slave stations are polled in order of their numbering by the master station.
  • the slave station S10 can in rare cases S11 (S11 is queried directly after S10) selected as a "favorite broker". Even then, the alarm message would take at least a second longer (2 + 1).
  • S11 is not ideal as a favorite broker. It takes one or two seconds for the master station M and the slave station S10 to note the failure of the communication, to report and to initiate the diversion mechanism. S11 or S12 can not respond in time and, as usual, go into sleep mode after the integrity check to save power. Only in this way is the long life guaranteed. S11 and even S12 do not notice anything about the divert mechanism. Only at the next cycle, So after 32 seconds, the slave station S11 or S12 can learn about the problem with slave station S10 and provide assistance.
  • An ideal broker for S10 would be the secondary station S13 or S14. However, even with S13 or S14 the alarm message lasts for 2 seconds, 2 + 3 (S13) or 2 + 4 (S14) seconds. If one adds the 6 to 8 seconds of verification and further processing of the higher-level alarm system, the best result is an alarm reaction time of 13 or 14 seconds. That is, regardless of which slave station acts as a broker, the norm is violated even at the shortest alarm response time since the prescribed 10 seconds are exceeded.
  • a further disadvantage of this method is that slave stations that work as brokers must establish communication with the main station not only in the event of an alarm, but also normally (during the integrity check). This can, as already mentioned, last for a longer period of time.
  • the broker in the example, the sub-station S9 would then do the double work.
  • the service life of the slave station S9 is reduced and in the worst case, it is reduced by half. Need several substations help from the neighbors, so the life decreases not only at a substation, but at other substations also.
  • the maximum number of substations that can be managed by a master station is well below 32. In practice this number rather at 6 to 8 substations. As a result, only a few potential brokers are available to a secondary station from a priori.
  • the cycle that polls the substations remains at 32 seconds, because a shorter polling period means that each substation needs to switch more frequently from sleep mode to normal mode. This is associated with a higher power consumption of the substations, which brings a significant reduction in the lifetime.
  • Each slave station Sn thus has, in addition to an auxiliary alarm interval Z4Sn according to the new method, also a unique neighborhood time slot Z5Sn reserved specifically for this substation.
  • This neighborhood time slot Z5Sn occurs in every periodical cycle of the main station, that is every second.
  • Each substation / annunciator has the same "system clock” as the main station M.
  • Each substation adjusts its "clock” / clock to the "clock” / clock of the main station. Every slave station already knows in the registration phase which slave station is listening when. The time table is fully known to each slave station and may be requested and updated by the master station M.
  • the slave station n announces that it needs help when the direct communication to the master station fails.
  • Each slave station Sn typically has four neighbors, which in case of emergency, if the direct communication to the main station M fails, will be available to bridge the failure. These four substations listen every second in this neighborhood time slot Z5Sn in order to possibly offer their help .. Of course, but also more or less than four neighbors can be predefined, which are available in case of failure for failure bridging.
  • the order and / or the priority can of course be adapted as desired to the respective application.
  • the slave station transmits Sn in its neighborhood time slot Z5Sn and informs the other four neighbors that they need help and informs briefly about their condition.
  • the neighboring station 1 corresponds to the slave S1.
  • the neighboring station S1 sends a message to the main station M and informs it that the substation Sn is still functional.
  • the neighboring station S1 thus does not send the message from the main station to the secondary station Sn or vice versa, but only informs the main station M about the state of the secondary station Sn.
  • the slave station Sn hears the message from the neighboring station 1 to the main station M. Thus, the slave station knows that the master station M is informed of its condition. In the message from the neighboring station 1 is still more in it. Also included are instructions at the slave station Sn, e.g. Turn on the LEDs that originally came from the main station M. The slave station n listens to this command and immediately switches e.g. the LED on.
  • the failed slave station Sn sends not only the message that e.g. there is no alarm, but also that she has switched on the LED.
  • the neighbor station S1 transmits once in its own neighborhood time slot, typically every 32 seconds (system integrity check period), to notify the presence and operability of the failed slave station n, the master station M.
  • the neighboring station S1 does not help once every 32 seconds (system integrity check period) but every second (routine signal period). Every second, in its neighborhood time slot Z5S1, it sends the alarm status of the slave station Sn, which it has noticed, when the slave station Sn has sent the alarm in its neighborhood time slot to all helping neighbors.
  • the remaining three neighboring stations hear in the respective neighborhood time slots and are thus in a standby mode. If the neighboring station S1 fails, then it is the neighboring station 2 which in its neighborhood time slot sends a message to the main station M and informs that the secondary station n is still functional and no further messages are present. If the neighboring stations 1 and 2 fail, the neighboring stations 3 and 4 come to the row in the same way as described above.
  • the ideal neighbors of S1 who were automatically selected by the main station at the first login during the installation phase are: S12, S20, S25 and S32.
  • S1 needs Neighborhood Assistance, so in the neighborhood assistance interval, S1 sends its state, LED, ALARM not ALARM, ... S1 sends in the neighborhood help interval only and only when it needs help and when communication to the main station is lost.
  • the S20 does not send to the main station the full message from S1, so no porter, but only the state of S1. So only a few bits, depending on the state 1 or 0, the alarm state, the LED state, the battery state, the presence state play. So only the most important information.
  • S20 and S25 are not able to help because they need help themselves and have no communication with the master themselves, then S32 in Z5S32 sends the state of S1 to the main station.
  • S32 If S1 does not need any help then S32 hears only SN1, sees that S1 does not need any help. S32 would no longer listen to Z5S20 and not Z5S25 because of S1.
  • the four neighboring stations selected at registration know about the status of the slave station n (alarm state, presence, battery state) if their direct communication to the master station fails.
  • the neighboring station has all the information that the main station M requires: status, alarm status, battery status and can thus immediately report to the main station M, without acting as a repeater and continue to report the entire Rohnachricht.
  • the neighboring stations according to the new method primitive "Porter”. You never just forward the mail. But they break the "postal secret”, open the post office and forward only the "action / message”.
  • the new procedure has the advantage that the alarm time of 2 seconds is always kept. Even in the event of a fault, where direct communication from the secondary station n to the main station M is not possible, the alarm reaction time of two seconds is always observed.
  • Another aspect of the invention Selection method for quickly detecting the own RF signal in a synchronous radio system of a radio alarm system
  • a system that has a 40-50 dB reserve in the LINK BUDGET is less sensitive to interference than a lower-margin system.
  • the range of the system is 1000 meters and one would install the main and secondary stations with a distance of no more than 100 meters, then the signal strength is significantly higher than at a distance of 1000 meters.
  • Such a system is harder to disturb because it still has a large reserve.
  • the range between the main and secondary stations would be reduced to a maximum of 2 to 5 meters. Such a short range of 2 to a maximum of 5 meters in the whole question the sense of radio equipment in question.
  • the maximum power with which a radio transmitter can transmit is limited by the ETSI EN300220 standard. To achieve a reserve of 40 to 50 dB, the only option is to maximize the sensitivities of the main station M and substations. For most systems, the receiver currently has a sensitivity of only -100 to -105 dBm (data rate 5 kbps, Manchester 10 kbps). In order to achieve the high reserve in the current account, a better sensitivity of - 125 dBm (data rate 5 kBit / s, Manchester 10 kBaud) should be achieved. A sensitivity of -125 dBm is a technical challenge in and of itself. In addition, it still brings technical problems and major disadvantages for the selection with it. Therefore, many systems do without the extremely high sensitivity and thus have to live with high probability of failure.
  • High sensitivity has been synonymous with poor selectivity and high probability of receiving foreign RF signals.
  • a sensitive system finds sturgeon needles and high noise in the range of -110 to -125 dBm. If the receiver of the main or substation falls on foreign signals (such as sturgeons or noise), it loses time and power and most importantly misses its own signal, which it must receive. The radio communication between the two communication partners then fails and a fault message must be sent out. The reception of false signals is also the main reason for synchronization problems in today's radio systems. It is extremely rare nowadays to find a location for a hazard detection system where the frequency bands 433-434 MHz and 863-870 MHz are noise-free up to a power level of -125 dBm.
  • Every computer every mobile phone, every cordless phone, every babyphone, every wireless headset, etc. radiates in the radio frequency. These RF emissions can be found not only in their own frequency bands (where these devices work), but also in the bands 433 and 868 MHz, in which the alarm systems work. These RF emissions take the form of sturgeon needles. By such Nachbarstörer one finds in the own frequency channels a fairly high noise level.
  • various devices may emit a power of up to -37 / -36 dBm.
  • baby monitors between 869.7 and 870 MHz
  • headsets between 863 and 864 and RF ID devices with a power of 0.5 to 2 watts between 865 and 868 MHz.
  • a system with a sensitivity of -100 dBm does not detect 99.9% of this noise and the disturbing needles.
  • the extremely high sensitivity of other systems is therefore not necessarily popular, it is therefore unfortunately waived at least 20 dB.
  • frequency spreading methods so - called spread spectrum method
  • similar methods require a high bandwidth of at least several megahertz to be efficient and effective.
  • the power consumption of frequency spreading methods is very high and is not suitable for these applications of security systems (fire, burglary), where you aim for a long life of 5 to 10 years.
  • the frequency channels including the alarm channels, eg in the band 868 MHz, where the bandwidth is only 25 to 100 kHz wide, such methods are out of the question. If the useful signal is strong, or much stronger than the interference signals, then it is relatively easy to suppress the interference. This is not always the case. Often, the disturbances are strong or the own signal too weak.
  • each signal in particular each routine signal, may have a particular pulse I1 or I11, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown.
  • the amplitude curve and the frequency curve are unique and are only assigned to the own system: For example, the amplitudes at the beginning of the radio message are increased step by step by 3 dB, then lowered again by 2 dB, then again increased by 4.
  • This amplitude characteristic has all transmitters in common according to the new method. So you can easily recognize your own signal. An interference signal that has exactly this amplitude course would be extremely unlikely.
  • This amplitude curve is very short in time ( ⁇ 1 ms) and hardly costs more power. A signal that does not have this amplitude characteristic is quickly sorted out.
  • the amplitude pattern progression goes even further: after the last increase in the example by 4 dB, the amplitude characteristic that is typical for each radio cell, comprising the main station M1 and the slave station M1S1 to M1Sn, for example, drops by 3 dB and then increases by 5 dB. So you can not only detect whether it is a system according to this method, but even to exactly which radio cell is.
  • each radio cell (master station Mx and slave station Mx Sn) operate on different frequencies, it may sometimes be helpful if each master station finally has its own amplitude pattern, e.g. when in certain cases the main stations should communicate with each other.
  • the amplitude curve is not about a very accurate measurement of the level, but it is about a typical course, so a pattern recognition.
  • the exact level determination can deviate by +/- 1 dB.
  • the second selection measure is the frequency pattern course. If the amplitude characteristic is correctly recognized, then the frequency pattern recognition comes.
  • the frequency of the transmission signal of the main or secondary station is thereby transmitted in rapid succession by a few kHz each, so identify the receiver of the main or the slave station of this signal as a unique system-own signal and not as a foreign signal (interferer).
  • the receiver By sequentially transmitting two signals with a particular frequency difference (e.g., 15 kHz or 17 kHz, for example), the receiver recognizes that this can not be a coincidence, but is really its own system signal.
  • the distance of the two serial frequencies to each other gives each main / slave station a unique feature that is the expected signal. Conversely, a disturber or extraneous signal has no chance to get through this "filter” and to emulate exactly this frequency response.
  • the selection according to the new method would be possible despite high sensitivity, without running the risk of falling for a foreign interference signal.
  • the order of the amplitude and frequency response can be swapped. It is even conceivable to combine both courses at the same time: After the frequency course has a relatively small frequency difference, for example 15, 17 or 20 kHz, the level measurement (RSSI signal) for the amplitude course remains almost untouched.
  • RSSI signal level measurement
  • Another aspect of the invention improvement of the base channel search
  • a significant cause of the interference is the collision with other foreign radio signals from other systems transmitting in the same band / channel.
  • a high-quality radio system in a security alarm system must have the ability to jump far in frequency several times in order to avoid these interferences.
  • the main station with the second dual receiver, ie with the second transceiver, a detailed SCAN through, looking for a new free and low noise frequency channel. If a new free frequency channel is found, then the main station alerts all its secondary stations that the channel frequency is changed at the time x and that only time is spent communicating there.
  • the slave stations When registering brand new slave stations at the main station M, the slave stations have either been manually set to a specific frequency channel or they send for the first time on the so-called service frequency channel.
  • This service frequency channel always has the same fixed frequency for all systems. If this frequency is occupied at the site by another foreign system, or if it is disturbed, an installation is not possible. Is the noise level at the service frequency channel too high by a neighboring interferer or radio interferer, which happens relatively often, an installation is either not possible or the range during installation is very low.
  • the main station scans a certain number of service channels, typically four. These service channels were previously defined by the system. These service channels are known for calibration in the manufacturing of each main and substation. The service channels are distributed over the entire frequency band or bands so that the likelihood that all are occupied or disturbed at once is extremely low. At the first use, during login, the main station scans all service channels and chooses the best free service channel with the least noise.
  • the slave station When used for the first time, ie during login, the slave station scans all service channels until it finds the channel that the master station has selected. In this channel, the main station sends during the first login, the s.g. Registration messages. There is also the registration.
  • Another aspect of the invention registration method with several main stations
  • each main station has up to 32 substations. In the system described above, typically up to 40 main stations may be active in the immediate vicinity.
  • the main stations can share a common central, such as a fire alarm panel (BMZ) to be connected.
  • BMZ fire alarm panel
  • Each of the 40 main stations will pick one of the 40 base frequency channels if that channel is free.
  • the 40 base channels and their typical 7 alternative channels are chosen according to a specific algorithm so that in the "worst case” they under no circumstances approach or even disturb.
  • the "worst case” here means that all 40 main stations have to jump seven times to the alternative channels. Not only the 40 channels are unique, but also each of the 7 alternative channels.
  • the active scanning (seeking) master station M1 is in receiver mode and is receiving with its two or more receivers searching for one of 40 free channels (as described above). According to the method, the main station M1 does more than just receive. The main station sends a so-called "presence signal” and asks each main station present to contact them. All existing main stations make contact with the already existing main stations.
  • This method has a further advantage: If several main stations M1, M2, Mn are in the registration mode, a new outstation station can not initially know at which main station it should now report for the first time.
  • a master station M1 recognizes that it is not alone in login mode, but one or more other master stations are also in login mode. As a result, the main station reports this to the higher-level alarm system and refuses to continue the log-in mode to prevent it from getting worse.
  • Another aspect of the invention adaptation of the resonance curve of the antennas
  • the received RF field or the transmitted RF field from the antenna is weak.
  • the received or transmitted RF field at the master station and / or at the slave station becomes weak when the antennas at the master or slave station are no longer in resonance.
  • the antennas of the main station and the substation are developed and adjusted in the production and calibrated so that the center of the resonance curve for all antennas is at the working frequency.
  • the resonance curve of the antennas shifts.
  • the resonance curve also shifts when one or more obstacles / objects are in or near the main or secondary station. Over a lifespan of 5 to 10 years, new or other obstacles that affect antenna resonances are not unlikely.
  • the main and sub stations respectively, send each other a constant RF pulse I2 or I12, a sg antenna Tune pulse signal, as in Fig. 3 shown.
  • This pulse signal is of a short duration of 20 to a maximum of 500 ⁇ s.
  • the receiver measures the amplitude and phase of the RF field and corrects the antenna / antenna matching network until a maximum in amplitude is achieved. There are antenna / antenna in full resonance.
  • the antenna / antenna matching network can be tuned / tuned online until the amplitude reaches a maximum by using other components instead of normal discrete components for the matching network. These are instead of a capacitor, e.g. a varactor diode or e.g. a gyrator in place of an inductor or e.g. Switchable strip lines. So you can change the capacitance values with a control signal by a few picofarads. The same applies to the inductors. Here the inductance is optimized by a few Nanohenry. In most cases, this small optimization of the matching network is sufficient to once again achieve an ideal resonance curve of the antennas and to minimize the reflection factor of the antenna.
  • a capacitor e.g. a varactor diode or e.g. a gyrator in place of an inductor or e.g. Switchable strip lines. So you can change the capacitance values with a control signal by a few picofarads.
  • the inductors is optimized by
  • the received signal or the transmitted signal from the antennas remains strong enough to avoid communication failures and interference.

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Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de transmission radio de données de détecteur dans un système avertisseur de danger, dans lequel des données de détecteur sont transmises par des postes secondaires (S1,S2, Sn), qui sont couplés respectivement à un détecteur d'état, à un poste principal (M1) ainsi que des adresses identifiant les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn), dans lequel :
    - un contrôle de routine de l'état du système de chaque poste secondaire (S1, S2, Sn) est réalisé successivement et
    - lors du contrôle de routine de chaque poste secondaire (S1 S2, Sn), le poste secondaire respectif (S1, S2, Sn) envoie dans une tranche temporelle du signal de routine au poste principal un signal de routine de poste secondaire sur un premier canal et, simultanément, le poste principal (M) envoie un signal de routine de poste principal au poste secondaire respectif sur un second canal.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    le contrôle de routine de l'état du système de chaque poste secondaire est réalisé dans une période d'essai d'intégrité (Tges) du système.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que:
    le poste secondaire respectif (S1, S2, Sn) envoie un signal de routine de poste secondaire dans une première plage de fréquences et le poste principal (M) émet un signal de routine de poste principal dans une seconde plage de fréquences.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que:
    à la fin de l'émission du signal de routine de poste principal par le poste principal (M) et/ou du signal de routine de poste secondaire par le poste secondaire respectif (S1, S2, Sn) émettant simultanément, de préférence au dernier bit, il est envoyé une confirmation indiquant qu'au moins le début du signal de routine isochrone correspondant a été reçu, et/ou
    une évaluation des signaux de routine du poste secondaire et du poste principal respectivement reçus se fait par le poste principal (M) et le poste secondaire respectif (S1, S2, Sn) à la suite de la réception complète du signal de routine.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que:
    dans le cas d'une première et/ou d'une seconde plage de fréquences dérangées, le poste principal (M) et le poste secondaire respectif (S1, S2, Sn) passent à un autre canal à l'intérieur de la plage de fréquences dérangée, dans lequel, de préférence :
    un autre changement de canal de fréquence, au total de préférence jusqu'à cinq ou sept fois, se produit au cas où le dérangement se produit encore après le changement, dans lequel, de préférence :
    - après un nombre prédéterminé de changements de canal de fréquence, on réalise un balayage de fond en bande large, dans lequel le spectre de fréquences est soumis à une recherche en bande large d'une nouvelle plage de fréquences non dérangée, dans lequel :
    - au cours de cette recherche, en outre, il se fait une communication entre le poste principal (M) et les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) dans la première ou la seconde plage de fréquences non dérangée ; et
    - après détermination d'une nouvelle plage de fréquences, on passe à celle-ci, dans lequel, de préférence,
    le balayage de fond en bande large est réalisé sur un intervalle de temps de préférence d'au moins 2 heures, mieux encore de plus de 20 heures et, bien mieux encore, de plusieurs jours, dans lequel des données statistiques, telles que par exemple la fréquence, le type et le nombre de dérangements, sont recueillies et ces données sont évaluées à la suite de la détermination d'une nouvelle plage de fréquences non dérangée.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que:
    au début de chaque signal de routine de poste secondaire et/ou de poste principal, on envoie une impulsion de reconnaissance claire (I1 ; I11), dans lequel, de préférence
    l'impulsion de reconnaissance (I1 ; I11) présente une réponse d'amplitude et/ou de fréquence claire.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que:
    au début de chaque signal de routine de poste secondaire et/ou du poste principal, on envoie une impulsion (I2,I12) pour corriger la courbe de résonance d'une antenne réceptrice du poste principal et/ou du poste secondaire respectif (S1, S2, Sn), à l'aide de laquelle impulsion la courbe de résonance est corrigée, et/ou
    au début de chaque signal de routine du poste principal, on envoie une impulsion de synchronisation (I3) au moyen de laquelle le poste secondaire récepteur respectif (S1, S2, Sn) est synchronisé dans le temps et/ou au plan de la fréquence avec le poste principal (M).
  8. Procédé de transmission radio de données de détecteur dans un système avertisseur de danger, dans lequel des données de détecteur sont transmises par les postes secondaires, qui sont respectivement couplés à un détecteur d'état, à un poste principal ainsi que les adresses identifiant le poste secondaire,
    selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel :
    - à l'intérieur d'une période d'essai d'intégrité du système, on réalise successivement un contrôle de routine de l'état du système de chaque poste secondaire (S1, S2, Sn),
    - pour chaque poste secondaire (S1, S2, Sn), le contrôle de routine se fait dans une tranche temporelle de signal de routine correspondante (Z1),
    caractérisé en ce que :
    - il est prévu entre deux tranches temporelles de signal de routine (Z) pour chaque poste secondaire une tranche temporelle d'alarme (Z4S1, Z4S2, Z4Sn) et/ou une tranche temporelle d'assistance de proximité (Z54S1, Z54S2, Z54Sn), dans lequel le poste secondaire respectif est autorisé à envoyer un signal d'alarme et/ou un signal d'assistance de proximité.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    le signal d'assistance de proximité d'un poste secondaire déterminé est émis directement avant ou après le signal d'alarme du poste secondaire déterminé.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    - lors d'une défaillance de la communication entre un premier poste secondaire (S1) et le poste principal (M1), le premier poste secondaire (S1) envoie dans sa tranche temporelle d'assistance de proximité correspondante (Z5S1) un signal d'assistance de proximité qui est évalué par au moins un autre deuxième poste secondaire prédéterminé (S2) et
    - ce deuxième poste secondaire (S2) envoie les informations qui y sont contenues dans sa tranche temporelle d'assistance de proximité correspondante (Z5S2) au poste principal, dans lequel de préférence
    le deuxième poste secondaire (S2) évalue également un signal d'alarme du premier poste secondaire (S1) et envoie les informations qui y sont contenues dans sa tranche temporelle d'assistance de proximité correspondante (Z5S2) au poste principal (M1), dans lequel de préférence
    le premier poste secondaire (S1) constate une défaillance de la communication avec le poste principal (M1) lors d'un contrôle entaché d'erreur de l'état du système.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    il est prévu entre deux tranches temporelles du signal de routine une tranche temporelle de cas de dérangement, dans laquelle le poste principal (M1) est autorisé à émettre un signal d'instruction, qui est destiné à tous les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) ou au moins à un poste secondaire prédéterminé, dans lequel de préférence
    - lors d'une défaillance de la communication entre un premier poste secondaire (S1) et le poste principal (M1), ce dernier envoie un signal d'instruction qui est évalué par au moins un deuxième poste secondaire prédéterminé (S2) et
    - ce deuxième poste secondaire (S2) envoie les informations qui y sont contenues dans sa tranche temporelle d'assistance de proximité correspondante au premier poste secondaire (S1).
  12. Système avertisseur de danger pour la transmission radio de données de détecteur,
    - présentant un poste principal (M1) et un ou plusieurs postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) qui lui sont affectés et qui sont reliés par radio au poste principal (M1), dans lequel des données de détecteur sont transmises au poste principal ainsi que des adresses identifiant les postes secondaires, dans lequel:
    - les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn), en particulier tous les postes secondaires, et le poste principal (M1) sont en mode duplex intégral et
    le système avertisseur de danger est conformé de manière que soit réalisé successivement un contrôle de routine de l'état du système de chaque poste secondaire,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    le système avertisseur de danger est par ailleurs conformé de manière que, lors du contrôle de routine d'un poste secondaire respectif, le poste secondaire respectif envoie dans une tranche temporelle de signal de routine correspondante au poste principal un signal de routine de poste secondaire sur un premier canal et que simultanément le poste principal envoie un signal de routine de poste principal au poste secondaire respectif sur un second canal.
  13. Système avertisseur de danger selon la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) et le poste principal (M1) présentent respectivement au moins deux émetteurs-récepteurs au moins en mode semi-duplex, qui opèrent comme émetteurs et/ou comme récepteurs, et/ou
    les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) et/ou le poste principal (M1) sont en mode duplex de fréquence.
  14. Système avertisseur de danger selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que:
    les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) et/ou le poste principal (M1) présentent respectivement au moins une antenne, dans lequel l'antenne présente une inductance modifiable, par exemple, un gyrateur et/ou une capacité modifiable, par exemple, une diode de type varacteur, au moyen desquels la courbe de résonance de l'antenne peut-être adaptée et/ou
    les postes secondaires (S1, S2, Sn) comprennent respectivement au moins un détecteur et/ou peuvent être connectés à un détecteur d'état, dans lequel le détecteur comprend au moins un capteur.
  15. Centrale de système avertisseur de danger présentant au moins un système avertisseur de danger selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 14 et une centrale directrice, telle qu'une centrale d'alarme incendie (BMZ) dont le poste principal est connecté à la centrale directrice, de préférence via une interface sérielle.
EP11748606.8A 2010-07-27 2011-07-27 Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger Active EP2599067B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010032368.3A DE102010032368B4 (de) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Voll-Duplex-Funkkommunikationsverfahren in einem synchronen Funksystem
DE102010032349A DE102010032349B4 (de) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Funkkommunikationsverfahren mit schneller Alarmbenachrichtigung
PCT/EP2011/062862 WO2012013692A1 (fr) 2010-07-27 2011-07-27 Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger

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EP2599067B1 true EP2599067B1 (fr) 2014-10-15

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DE102010032369B4 (de) * 2010-07-27 2013-02-21 Lotfi Makadmini Anmeldeverfahren für Funkkommunikationssysteme
JP6106906B2 (ja) * 2012-09-11 2017-04-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 無線通信システム

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DE3529127A1 (de) * 1985-08-14 1987-02-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur datenuebertragung bei alarmanlagen
DE19531081C2 (de) * 1995-08-23 1999-07-15 Oliver Bartels Drahtlose Alarmanlage
ATE256324T1 (de) 1997-09-30 2003-12-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur funkübertragung in einem gefahrenmeldesystem
US7015789B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2006-03-21 Honeywell International Inc. State validation using bi-directional wireless link
DE10114314A1 (de) 2001-03-23 2002-10-10 Siemens Gebaeudesicherheit Gmb Verfahren zur Funkübertragung in einem Gefahrenmeldesystem

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