EP2599067A1 - Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger - Google Patents

Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger

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Publication number
EP2599067A1
EP2599067A1 EP11748606.8A EP11748606A EP2599067A1 EP 2599067 A1 EP2599067 A1 EP 2599067A1 EP 11748606 A EP11748606 A EP 11748606A EP 2599067 A1 EP2599067 A1 EP 2599067A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
station
alarm
slave
signal
main station
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11748606.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2599067B1 (fr
Inventor
Lotfi Makadmini
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010032368.3A external-priority patent/DE102010032368B4/de
Priority claimed from DE102010032349A external-priority patent/DE102010032349B4/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2599067A1 publication Critical patent/EP2599067A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2599067B1 publication Critical patent/EP2599067B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
    • G08B26/007—Wireless interrogation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a full-duplex radio communication method for avoiding communication disturbances and for maintaining the duty-cycle control in a communication system, in particular a radio alarm system.
  • the invention relates to a radio communication method for avoiding communication disturbances and for rapid alarm notification in a communication system, in particular a radio alarm system.
  • Radio-controlled alarm systems comprise signaling sensors, also called secondary stations, which in the event of a detected danger, eg fire, burglary, transmit a danger message via a radio link to a danger alarm center, also called main station or general control center, in order to eliminate the danger Further measures, such as an alert the fire department or the police, are initiated.
  • the substations usually comprise a transmitting and a receiving device and should be as autonomous as possible, ie operated with a battery and not by a cable connection to a power grid for use in inadequate locations.
  • all components of the substation must be designed as energy-efficient as possible, and the components should only be switched on at certain periodic times, typically every 32 seconds, and not be constantly in operation.
  • a "sleep mode" or standby mode refers only to the radio communication, because here the power consumption is greatest.
  • each slave station typically wakes up once a second for a very short time, depending on the sensor from a few s to a few ms, monitors the sensor activity for alarm or not alarm: for a fire detector e.g. the smoke density is monitored. With a gas sensor, the gas concentration is measured briefly, etc. If an alarm is detected, the radio unit is immediately woken up from the sleep mode and an alarm message is sent.
  • the sensor part typically consumes 1 mA of current.
  • the radio part typically consumes 20 mA of current.
  • the application part and then the radio unit wake up one after the other when routine communication to the main station is due.
  • the alarm sensors should be operated as autonomously as possible with a battery for use in all possible locations and, depending on the sensor, for 5 to 10 years of service life.
  • Every slave station for example, must indicate every 32 seconds that it is still functioning by sending a certain signal, a so-called "routine signal", to the master station (master), which is then answered by an acknowledgment signal from the master station
  • the exchange of these two signals is called integrity checking.
  • errors can occur again and again for a variety of reasons.
  • the problem is the occurrence of errors, if they are detected too late, go unnoticed or only by a third party (this can be, for example, an additional external secondary or main station) can be detected. This additional third party is not always available.
  • a third party this can be, for example, an additional external secondary or main station
  • two communication partners communicate with each other in the acknowledgment mode. This means that communication partner A sends a message to communication partner B and communication partner B acknowledges receipt of this message by sending a confirmation message to communication partner A.
  • communication partner A sends a message to communication partner B
  • communication partner B acknowledges receipt of this message by sending a confirmation message to communication partner A.
  • the message does not arrive at the receiver (master station / master). Accordingly, no acknowledgment message is sent.
  • the message was received correctly, but the acknowledgment does not arrive at the sender (slave station / slave) of the message.
  • the receiver knows that he has not received anything, so the receipt is missing and thus the sender knows that his message may not have been transmitted. Both assume that there is a fault and act accordingly.
  • the radio communication between slave station and main station for the integrity check typically takes place every 32 seconds. It is a strictly synchronous system. Both communication partners work synchronized in time and it can often lead to a miscommunication when the substation misses the exact time for a communication. Despite calibration in production, this can happen for a variety of reasons: aging of the quartz, temperature differences between main and secondary station, different degrees of humidity, etc. If there is a miscommunication, the main station must repeatedly send an auxiliary signal (synchronization signal) to the substation so that the radio communication can be rebuilt. This is at the expense of the power consumption of the substation.
  • auxiliary signal synchronization signal
  • EP 091 1775 can not fulfill the majority of the new duty cycle requirements of the 863-870 MHz frequency band. With a few exceptions, the latest ETSI EN300220 V2.3.1 standard of February 2010 requires a duty cycle of mostly 0.1%. In exceptional cases 1%, 10% and 100% are allowed.
  • a method of EP091 1775 has a typical time unit of one second. Typically, every 32 seconds the system integrity of a signaling sensor (substation) is checked by radio. The slave station also sends a message for about 10 ms and the master station (master) for 10 ms.
  • the substation typically wakes up every 32 seconds and communicates with the main station.
  • the duty cycle requirement of 0, 1% is thus fulfilled. If, on the other hand, one looks at the main station, which wakes up once per second for a communication, then the duty cycle requirement of 0.1% is violated since every second there is a communication lasting at least 10 ms.
  • a master station / master typically supplies 32 substations / slaves.
  • a conflagration or burglary only a single detector rarely triggers an alarm. In most cases, many alarms are triggered by several detectors in this case. Even from a single detector several alarm levels can be triggered.
  • the important alarm messages can collide with the usual integrity check messages. In this case, the frequency channel should actually be free for A-alarm messages. Waiving or turning off the Integrity Check messages is illegal even in the event of an alarm. Different standards of fire and burglar alarm technology strictly demand a maximum transmission time of the alarm. The maximum transmission time of the alarm message must never be exceeded.
  • a time of 10 seconds is defined as the alarm time, ie the time between the registration of an alarm by a sensor and the display of the alarm message by the higher-level control panel (eg fire panel). Only the processing and the verification of the message by the superordinate one occupy a period of 6 -8 seconds. This means that there is a maximum of 2 seconds available for message transmission from the secondary station to the main station.
  • EN54-25 describes a test on how 10 alarms can be triggered at the same time and thus a possible collision is provoked. This test strictly monitors whether the standard 10-second alarm time for displaying the alarm at the higher-level center is met. Under no circumstances should the transmission of the alarm message from the substation to the main station take more than 2 seconds to comply with this time limit. This is especially true in the case of multiple alarms (ie the simultaneous occurrence of alarms with multiple sensors / substations).
  • the secondary station In the event of an alarm, the secondary station, the system described in EP 0 91 1 775, immediately and immediately sends a radio message to the main station. In this case, this radio message can collide with other alarm messages or with the normal communication of other secondary stations.
  • the other substations / detectors that are in alarm You must send immediately and immediately, without any regard for other radio messages.
  • disturbances in the reception of the messages can occur again and again during the long service life of the system components. These disturbances can occur, for example, due to fading effects. This is the attenuation or disappearance (fading) of the RF field, which causes the communication between the main station and a certain slave station to break.
  • the probability of interference decreases at a very high sensitivity of e.g. -122 dBm (data rate 5 kBit / s or
  • a radio system that does not use at least measures 1 to 4 can not work smoothly over the entire service life (from 5 to 10 years).
  • the messages can be redirected from the secondary station to the main station. This is always considered to be a suitable measure if direct communication is not achieved.
  • This topic has already been described in several publications, such as the document EP1244082A1, treated.
  • EP 1 244 082 A1 is a bidirectional radio alarm system with a main station M and several substations (S1, S2, S3, S4 ). If the radio message, which is sent, for example, from the main station M to the slave station S1, does not arrive because of poor propagation conditions at the slave station, this complete message is forwarded to S1 via another slave station S2, or S3 or S4, depending on availability.
  • the main station M typically has 32 substations S1 to S32.
  • S10 has the slave station S9 as a "broker", which in this critical case should help S10 with the forwarding of the news.
  • S9 is a kind of "luggage carrier" in this system. S9 just forwards the message and does not care about the content of the message. Whether it is a normal scam or an alarm message, is indifferent to the broker S9.
  • the main station M requests the broker S9 to stay awake to transmit "important" messages from or to the secondary station S10. However, S9 notices after 32 seconds that S10 needs help.
  • each substation is only briefly awake every 32 seconds. In this short time the integrity check runs. That S9 can not immediately realize that S10 needs help. Because until the main station M and S10 notice that the communication has actually failed, S9 has long been back in sleep mode.
  • This condition is not necessarily a temporary condition. It could take hours, months and even years without the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm panel, burglar alarm panel) noticing something.
  • the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm panel, burglar alarm control panel) requires 6 to 8 seconds for the verification and further processing of the alarm message until it signals the alarm.
  • the corresponding standards e.g. The EN54, without exception, stipulate that an alert may last no more than 10 seconds.
  • An alarm message from the slave station S10 must therefore arrive at the main station M within two seconds.
  • the transmission takes at least 32 + 2 seconds. If the selected broker were S8 or S7, instead of S9, the alarm messages [31 + 2] and [30 + 2] would take seconds, respectively, because the slave stations are polled in order of their numbering by the master station.
  • Slave station S10 can in rare cases select S1 1 (S1 1 is queried directly after S10) as the "favorite broker". Even then, the alarm message would take at least a second longer (2 + 1).
  • S1 1 is not ideal as a favorite broker. It takes one or two seconds for the master station M and the slave station S10 to note the failure of the communication, to report and to initiate the diversion mechanism. S1 1 or S12 can not respond and leave in time after the integrity check as usual in sleep mode to save power. Only in this way is the long life guaranteed.
  • S1 1 and even S12 do not notice anything about the detour mechanism. Only at the next cycle, ie after 32 seconds, can the substation S1 1 or S12 learn about the problem at the secondary station S10 and provide assistance.
  • An ideal broker for S10 would be the secondary station S13 or S14. However, even with S13 or S14 the alarm message lasts for 2 seconds, 2 + 3 (S13) or 2 + 4 (S14) seconds. If one adds the 6 to 8 seconds verification and further processing of the higher-level alarm system, the best case scenario is an alarm reaction time of 13 or 14 seconds. That is, regardless of which slave station acts as a broker, the norm is violated even at the shortest alarm response time since the prescribed 10 seconds are exceeded.
  • a further disadvantage of this method is that slave stations that work as brokers must establish communication with the main station not only in the event of an alarm, but also normally (during the integrity check). This can, as already mentioned, last for a longer period of time.
  • the broker in the example, the sub-station S9 would then do the double work.
  • the service life of substation S9 is reduced and, in the worst case, it is reduced by half. Need several substations help from the neighbors, so the life decreases not only at a substation, but at other substations also.
  • the maximum number of slave stations that can be managed by a master station is well below 32. In practice, this number is more likely to be 6 to 8 slave stations. As a result, only a few potential brokers are available to a secondary station from a priori.
  • the cycle that polls the substations remains at 32 seconds, because a shorter polling period means that each substation needs to switch more frequently from sleep mode to normal mode. This is associated with a higher power consumption of the substations, which brings a significant reduction in the lifetime.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a radio communication method and a communication system designed for this purpose, in which the communication is more reliable. In particular, urgent messages should be transmitted in good time.
  • the invention relates to a synchronous method for radio transmission in a reporting system, in particular a hazard detection system.
  • the message system has a main station and at least one secondary station.
  • the secondary station may have and / or be connected to a status detector.
  • information collected by the detectors is sent via the substations to the main station, including an identification of the slave station and / or the detector, such as an address.
  • the state of each slave station is checked one after the other.
  • the master station sends a master station routine signal to a slave station and at the same time this slave station sends a slave station handover signal to the master station.
  • This simultaneous signal transmission and the associated data exchange between the main station and a secondary station takes place once in the overall period.
  • the master station transmits a routine signal as many times as the reporting system has slave stations.
  • the main station sends the main station routine signal in a first channel and the slave stations their respective Maustationsroutinesignal in a second channel.
  • the main station and the slave stations can acknowledge receipt of the received routine signal.
  • the main station and the respective slave station transmitting a routine signal at the same time send an acknowledgment at the end of its routine signal.
  • This acknowledgment can prove that at least the beginning of the parallel routine signal (s) has been received.
  • an evaluation of the entire received routine signal is possible only after complete receipt, such a content interpretation of the received Volunteerstations- or Hauptstationsroutine- signal by the main station or the respective slave station takes place only when the complete routine signal was received.
  • both stations i. H. Main and secondary station
  • both stations i. H. Main and secondary station
  • recognize this state in that the one station has not received the routine signal and the other station has received no acknowledgment in the received parallel routine signal.
  • the master station and the respective slave station can then switch to another channel within the frequency range in which the routine signal could not be transmitted.
  • the other channel is an adjacent frequency channel to the one previously selected.
  • the main station in a s. G. "Broadcasf" signal, which is a signal directed to all slave stations, informing that the interfered frequency channel in question has been changed, so in the further routine check procedure, the new selected frequency channel is preferably always used.
  • a fault still occurs after such a frequency change, then another frequency change can take place.
  • a frequency channel change is carried out a maximum of 5-7 times.
  • the entire frequency spectrum is searched for a new frequency range which is as unobtrusive as possible and / or which is not used by any other means of communication.
  • this search will be preferably the communication between the main station and substations continued.
  • the main station uses a transmitter / receiver unit (a transceiver) to scan the entire frequency spectrum for a new frequency range, while another transmitter / receiver unit handles communication with the slave stations. If, therefore, the main station has only two transmitting / receiving units, then, for example, a communication with the secondary stations can take place via the acknowledgment operation known from the prior art. If the main station has now determined a new frequency range for the disturbed, this preferably indicates in a message to all slave stations a time and the frequency range to be changed to.
  • a transmitter / receiver unit a transceiver
  • routine signal For an identification of a secondary station or the main station, its routine signal preferably has an individual identification pulse at the beginning, which may be characterized by a clear amplitude and / or frequency characteristic.
  • a pulse which serves to correct the resonance curve of an antenna of the main station or a secondary station.
  • the invention relates to a method for the radio transmission of reporting data from substations to a main station.
  • the registration data also the identification information transmitted from the substations and / or the detectors of the main station.
  • the method performs a routine check of each slave station to verify system integrity within a system integrity check period.
  • routine check is performed by means of a routine signal within an associated routine signal slot.
  • the time from the beginning of a routine signal to the next routine signal corresponds to a routine signal period.
  • the routine signal time slot is shorter than the routine signal period.
  • an alarm time slot is now provided within the routine signal period for each slave station and / or a proximity help time slot for each slave station.
  • the respective slave station preferably alone, is entitled to send an alarm signal or a Nachbarschafts bamboosig-.
  • a second substation which has been previously selected for the corresponding substation to provide neighborly assistance, is preferably active at this time, i. H. it is in receive mode and evaluates the neighborhood help signal from the first substation. The second substation may then forward the contained information to the main station in the neighborhood assistance slot assigned to it.
  • the neighboring assistance time slot of the second, forwarding secondary station is preferably the one in Nachbarschafts Anlagenzeitschlitz in the same routine signal period, in which also the first Volunteerstati- on in the Neighborhood Assistance slot assigned to it, or in the next routine signal period.
  • the second slave station does not only listen to the first slave station during the proximity assistance time slot, i. H. while it is in the receive mode, but also during the alarm slot of the first slave station.
  • the second substation also forwards an alarm from the first substation to the main station.
  • a time slot is likewise provided in the routine signal period in which it can send messages to slave stations designated by it.
  • These slave stations can be informed, for example, in routine signals or other signals, that they have to change to receive mode during the time slot of the master station.
  • the main station can also send information to a specific, for example, the second slave station in the routine signal directed to it.
  • the second substation thus receives information that has the first substation as the addressee.
  • the second secondary station can thus now evaluate this information and / or forward it directly to the first station in the neighborhood assistance time slot of the second secondary station.
  • the first slave station is thus preferably always in the receive mode during the neighborhood help time slot of the slave station currently responsible for it with regard to the neighborhood assistant.
  • the invention deals with a method for installing the hazard alarm system.
  • the process can simplify installation and reduce the time required to do so.
  • the detectors are first installed at the respective positions / squares during the construction phase. Weeks later, when the construction phase is completely finished, the alarm center comes in and is put into operation in the basement or in a special storage room.
  • the detectors were constantly looking for the central office for weeks, their energy consumption would be very high and their batteries were rapidly running out. If, instead, the detectors were only installed after the construction phase and then registered at the central office, the operation in the building would be partially disturbed by the presence of the installers. Most customers / building operators are against these disturbances and want to avoid them. A solution is searched for.
  • the entire registration of all detectors is performed at the respective alarm control panels in production. Then everything is switched off again. After restarting the substations and the respective hazard control panels in the installation area, i. E. in the building (or buildings) for which the alarm system is intended to be located, and / or detect the alarm panel and all detectors again. It starts immediately the normal operating mode.
  • the installation field in which the alarm system, comprising a control center, ie a danger control center and one or more detectors, is installed, in many cases still construction sites, is searched for interference frequencies. From this, the ideal free frequency channels are determined in which the alarm control panel together with the detector should work later. Not only the basic frequency channel should be free and low-noise, as far as possible, but all associated alternative channels, typically 7, all image frequencies should be free and low-noise. Finally, the intermodulation, the sums and products of second and third order, for the new base channel should be examined to see if there is a risk of interference.
  • the field strengths and the communication quality at the intended detector positions were to be determined. Only if the field strength, including the reserve (typically 50 dB) is within a specified value range, should the radio installation be released. With our radio system, this also succeeds in the most cases.
  • the reserve typically 50 dB
  • the complete registration of the detectors at the future alarm control center is now carried out with the selected base channel and preferably the associated alternative frequency channels in production.
  • the detectors and the control center are then preferably in the operating mode and / or the detectors and the control center meet all the requirements to switch to the operating mode.
  • the detectors are placed in the so-called sleep mode preferably by radio message from the hazard panel.
  • the center itself is then turned off if possible, until it is transported in the next few weeks to its final location.
  • the detectors can be brought to the final work site immediately or later after the successful registration at the central office and subsequent change to the sleep mode, as a rule an almost finished construction site.
  • the detectors wake up periodically (typically one hour) for a short, preferably programmed time (typically 30 seconds) and look for the wake-up signal from the control panel.
  • the control panel sends its call / wake-up signal.
  • the detectors will remain on when they have found the wake-up signal from the control panel and radio communication between the detectors and the control panel will switch to the operating mode. Otherwise, if the detectors have not found a wake-up signal, the detectors preferably return to sleep mode after the short, preferably programmed time, typically 30 seconds.
  • the wake-up phase runs as fast as possible, as soon as the wake-up call arrives at the security control center, preferably each detector that has already heard the wake-up call broadcasts the wake-up call, preferably exactly in the one already reserved for the user and exclusive in the application Timeslot of neighborhood help. This way, the wake-up call can reach all detectors more quickly without causing a collision.
  • the central unit preferably repeats the sending of the wake-up call until the last detector has correctly returned and returns to the operating mode. Thanks to this process, the awakening phase takes seconds.
  • the wake-up call of the central unit should not be confused with another interference high-frequency signal.
  • the wake-up call signal is preferably unique both in the amplitude and in the frequency response.
  • the wake-up call preferably runs in accordance with the full duplex method on two frequency bands, typically at 433 and 868 MHz.
  • the invention also relates to a hazard detection system, comprising at least one main station and at least one secondary station with a state detector, wherein the main station and the secondary station are designed for radio communication.
  • the substation and the main station are fully duplex compatible. This means that both can send and receive at the same time.
  • they preferably have two semi-duplex-capable transceivers, which can thus either send or receive.
  • the transceivers can thus switch between sending and receiving.
  • the danger detection system is preferably designed to carry out the method described above.
  • the hazard detection system can be part of a higher-level, central hazard detection system.
  • the latter can have a higher-level control center, such as a peripheral control panel, and at least one hazard detection system.
  • a fixed conductor such as a serial interface, is preferably used for a communication between the hazard detection system and the higher-level control center.
  • Routine signal a periodically recurring signal from the main station to a specific sub-station (main station routine signal) or from a specific sub-station to the main station (sub-station routine signal) for routinely checking the operability of the main station and sub-station communication.
  • Routine signal period Period in which the functionality of a slave station is checked by a routine signal.
  • the routine signal period has the routine signal for each slave station both an alarm time slot and a neighborhood help time slot.
  • the routine signal period thus corresponds to the time cycle of the main station, typically one second.
  • System Integrity Check Period Overall period for checking the entire system, in which the functionality of all substations is checked once by a routine signal. For n substations, the system integrity check period is equal to n times the routine signal period. The system integrity check period thus corresponds to the time cycle of a slave station in normal mode, typically 32 seconds at 32 substations.
  • Neighborhood assistance signal Signal directed to a second, predetermined slave station from a first slave station which can not establish communication with the master station. The transmission of the neighborhood assistance signal takes place in the neighborhood service slot allocated to the first substation.
  • Service frequency channel Frequency channel preset in the main station as well as in the substations before startup. On the service frequency channel, the necessary for a registration process of the substations to a main station communication takes place. c) embodiments
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic arrangement of the communication system according to the invention in a first exemplary embodiment
  • the communication system according to the invention which may in particular be a fire or danger alarm system, has at least one main station (master) M1, as shown in FIG. 1a or FIG. This is connected to a higher-level control center BMZ the danger detection system, such as a fire alarm panel. At least one secondary station (slave) S1 -Sn is in turn connected to the main station M1.
  • the communication system is a hybrid system in which a part 1, 2, 3 (FIG. 1 b) of the status detectors or substations is wired and a part S1, S3 is wireless, ie they are radio detectors ,
  • the communication method according to the invention can then also be used between the wired status indicators and the main station or a separate one.
  • the overall device thus forms a central hazard alarm system and a device consisting of a main station M1 and the slave stations S1-Sn connected to it, a hazard alarm system.
  • an integrity check is performed periodically, for which a so-called first and second routine signal between the main and secondary stations are exchanged at a periodic interval, for example every 32 seconds.
  • the secondary station has or is connected to a sensor whose measurements are conducted via a radio interface to the main station. This evaluates the radio signals from the secondary station and sends them via a further interface (radio and / or fixed conductor) to the higher-level control center, if necessary, for example, in a critical measurement of a sensor.
  • both main station M1 and secondary stations S1 each have at least two reception devices RX1 M, RX2M and RX1 S, RX2S or at least two transmission devices TX1 M, TX2M and TX1 S, TX2S.
  • reception devices RX1 M, RX2M and RX1 S, RX2S or at least two transmission devices TX1 M, TX2M and TX1 S, TX2S.
  • these are two half-duplex or full-duplex transceivers per main or slave station.
  • the two transceivers preferably have an insulation between each other of at least 40 dB.
  • the multiple receiving devices or transmitting devices both at the main station (master) and at the slave station (slave / detector) preferably use the same antennas, ie a so-called "antenna diversity method" (antenna diversity) is used They preferably have the same antenna connections and interfaces and the same microcontroller
  • the multiple receiving or transmitting devices may have different settings and protocols: data rate, IF bandwidth, baseband filter and various types of modulation.
  • Master sends a message in cyclic intervals, typically every 32 seconds, reporting the current status. This is called an integrity check or a routine check. test, wherein the message is sent by means of the so-called first routine signal, in this case the Maustations- routinesignals and the main station. As illustrated in FIG.
  • a message is sent from the main station to the slave station in parallel, the message being by means of what is called the routine signal, in this case the master station routine signal and the slave station is sent.
  • the substation is informed so that everything is ok from the main station and no further messages are sent.
  • the master station determines in parallel whether the message from the slave station is just arriving or not on the other frequency.
  • the main station can not yet interpret the message from the substation at this time, it can at least confirm the arrival or not. This can be communicated to the slave in the last bit of the current message. The same applies in the same way to the substation. Both stations are in receive mode at the time of exchanging the routine signals. Further communication between the two communication partners takes place after the integration check only if errors occurred while receiving the messages. Both communication partners are now in receive mode. If faults occur in one of the communication partners, the second one is ready to receive and can react accordingly. In the worst case, interference may occur on both communication paths (ie, main station ⁇ substation and substation - ⁇ main station). In case of a fault, the communication partners deviate to an adjacent channel within the disturbed frequency band.
  • This frequency hopping is typically five to seven times. Dodge occurs in the event of a disturbance in a frequency band (eg 434 MHz or 868 MHz), as well as if there is a disturbance in both frequency bands. If communication in one of the frequency bands (eg 868 MHz) does not occur in this case, then an adjacent channel is jumped within this band (typically five to seven times). If communication can not occur in both frequency bands, then an adjacent channel is jumped in both bands (typically five to seven times).
  • a frequency band eg 434 MHz or 868 MHz
  • a jump to an adjacent channel within the frequency band is strictly unnecessary, because both communication partners can in principle communicate with each other in a frequency band.
  • the advantage here is the determination of a free alternative channel in the same frequency band that can be used in the next integrity check. This intelligent use of frequencies makes it extremely unlikely that all major and minor channels (i.e., both 434 MHz and 868 MHz frequency bands) will be disturbed. Such a disturbance is not easy to produce even in a sabotage case.
  • the master station hereinafter referred to as master, has two transceivers in this example according to the invention and operates in full-DUPLEX mode simultaneously on two frequency channels in different bands: 433.92 MHz and 868.3 MHz.
  • the slave stations hereafter referred to as slaves, in this example have two transceivers and work in full DUPLEX mode simultaneously on two frequency channels in different bands: 433.92 MHz and 868.3 MHz.
  • Normal function sequence integration check without disturbance
  • Slave n begins the integration test from his side by sending the message to the master in the time cycle n intended for him, that it is fully functional and that there are no special occurrences.
  • the slave sends with transceiver # 1 on the frequency 868.3 MHz.
  • Transceiver # 2 of the slave works at 433 MHz and waits for the message of the integration check of the master, in which he informs that everything is fine from his side and that the message from the slave arrives at 868 MHz. If the message of the slave for the integration test has not been understood by the master, the master will report to the slave again. For this, transceiver # 1 of the slave (868 MHz band) is now in receive mode in the event of a fault.
  • the transceiver # 2 of the slave (433 MHz band) is active only in the event of a fault and sends the message to the master that he has not heard his message or only partially. If the first message is understandable by the master on 433 MHz and no message comes back from the master to 868 MHz.
  • the integrity check was successful and the slave goes into low power mode.
  • the master prepares for the time cycle n + 1 for the slave n + 1.
  • the parallel, ie corresponding message from the slave to the master at 868 MHz does not arrive or is not understood by the master.
  • the master experiences this communication disturbance by not receiving the beginning of the expected message.
  • the slave in turn can block the communication learn from the fact that in the parallel message of the master at the end he receives no confirmation.
  • Both communication partners respond to such a fault with a simultaneous channel change to another frequency channel (within the 868 MHz band) and try to communicate again. This procedure repeat both partners a maximum of 7 times. If it still does not come to communication, so they try to find on the 433 MHz band the "causes".
  • the master can be checked if the level is too weak and / or if it is a broadband interferer. All this information is important for the master because the probability of the same thing happening with the other detectors is high. This allows the master to adjust to this fault.
  • the main station can inform the substations of the change by means of a broadcast signal, which is a signal directed to all secondary stations.
  • the broadcast signal is sent outside the routine time slot.
  • the used channel is changed over the long term for all substations.
  • the higher-level control center of the alarm system for example a fire alarm panel (BMZ)
  • BMZ fire alarm panel
  • the slave sends its message to 868 MHz. This is caught and understood by the master. However, the message sent in parallel from master to slave to 434 MHz does not arrive due to a fault or is not understood by the slave. Both communication partners (master and slave) react to such a disturbance with a simultaneous change of channel to another frequency channel (within the 434 MHz band) and try to communicate again. This procedure repeat both partners a maximum of 7 times. If there is still no communication, try to find the "causes" over the 868 MHz band (see above).
  • a MASTERSLAVE emergency message is initiated by the master.
  • the master asks all present functional slaves to send an "SOS" message to the failed slave. This should report on any other slave he hears.
  • the MASTERSLAVE messages are always sent to 433 MHz. All functional slaves function practically like a “loudspeaker", whereupon the "lost" detector can report directly or send its messages in the reserved time slot.
  • a SLAVEMASTER emergency message is initiated by the failed SLAVE.
  • the failed slave asks all present functioning slaves to send an "SOS" message to the master. This should be reported by any broker. So far, the communication between slave and master was only possible over four neighbors. In an emergency, there are no more restrictions for this.
  • the SLAVEMASTER messages are always sent to 868 MHz.
  • Each slave has a well-defined time window within the typical period of 32 seconds in which only this slave is allowed to issue its MASTERSLAVE or SLAVEMASTER message.
  • Another aspect of the invention Synchronization problem
  • the radio communication between slave station and main station for the integrity check typically takes place every 32 seconds. It is a strictly synchronous system. Both communication partners work in synchronized time and it can often lead to a miscommunication when the substation misses the exact time for a communication. Despite calibration in production, this can happen for a variety of reasons.
  • the synchronization takes place parallel to the actual radio communication according to the method according to the invention.
  • the time clock of the substation is set to the time clock of the main station.
  • the main station sends a sg "Preburst" of at least 15 bits and a maximum of 95 bits.
  • This preburst is used to synchronize the clock of the secondary station to the clock of the main station (system clock)
  • the preburst is practically like a trigger: As soon as the slave station receives this pre-burst, Each time, typically every 32 seconds, it sets its own clock: as soon as the clock is set, the slave station knows whether its transmission data is too early or too late and corrects it immediately. follows a start bit.
  • the slave sends an unmodulated carrier and waits for the pre-burst and the start bit from the master.
  • the master then transmits a synchronization pattern of, for example, 3 bytes.
  • the slave transmits a synchronization pattern of, for example, 3 bytes.
  • master and slave are synchronous.
  • the data exchange between the master and slave for example, by sending the routine signals.
  • An example will describe the new synchronization procedure:
  • the substation starts transmitting its first data: WUP, Preamble, ... to 868 MHz at the calculated time, every 32 seconds.
  • the slave station in the background, in the VOLLDUPLLEX mode at 433 MHz receives the first bits from the main station signal.
  • This signal of the main station contains a trigger signal / pre-burst: which signals the start time of the main station, ie the start time 0.
  • the substation compares its start time with the start time of the main station and corrects its data accordingly. If the slave station is too early, it takes a bit or part of a bit to be in sync again. If the slave station is too late, then it takes away a bit or a part of a bit to be in sync again.
  • the time or the bits or part of a bit which the slave station takes away or takes is not data bits containing important information but spare bits / synchronization bits which serve only this synchronization purpose.
  • the representation shown in Fig. 2 describes a communication between the master station (master) and slave station (slave).
  • the master station which has the highest number of messages to be sent, every second in the worst case, transmits in another frequency band (for example 434 MHz) in which there is a duty cycle of 100% or 10%.
  • the main station can also transmit in subbands of the 868 MHz band, where 1%, 10% and 100% duty cycle applies.
  • the slave station can transmit on any frequency 868 MHz band, in which a duty cycle of only 0, 1% is allowed.
  • a master station / master typically supplies 32 substations / slaves.
  • a conflagration or burglary only a single detector rarely triggers an alarm.
  • many alarms are triggered by several detectors in this case.
  • Even from a single detector several alarm levels can be triggered.
  • the important alarm messages can collide with the usual integrity check messages.
  • the frequency channel should actually be free for A-alarm messages. Waiving or turning off the Integrity Check messages is illegal even in the event of an alarm.
  • the slave station (slave / detector) reports according to the inventive method immediately the alarm to the main station (master / central) on the frequency 868 MHz.
  • the communication system will change its course: instead of working full-duplex on two frequencies in normal operation as before, the communication system switches to alarm mode.
  • the main station informs all substations gradually about the new mode, ie the alarm mode.
  • a frequency band (433 MHz) is used only for the integrity check.
  • the second frequency band (868 MHz) is reserved for alarm communication only.
  • the data on the frequency bands 868 and 433 MHz are here only typical and meant as an example. It could easily be used other bands or even subbands of a single band. For example: 863 MHz and 869 MHz.
  • the invention is in no way limited to a hazard alarm system. It is obvious that the advantageous communication according to the invention can take place in all areas of radio communication, for example in satellite communication, in traffic monitoring, traffic control technology, or even in any form of sensor monitoring, with the aid of at least one sensor monitored, wherein the measurements of the sensor of a control center are transmitted for further processing. The latter embodiment is conceivable, for example, in aircraft or industrial / production plants.
  • Another aspect of the invention alarm reporting method
  • a time of 10 seconds is defined as the alarm time, ie the time between registration of an alarm by a sensor and the display of the alarm message by the higher-level control panel (eg fire panel). Only the processing and the verification of the message by the superordinate one occupy a period of 6 -8 seconds. This means that there is a maximum of 2 seconds available for message transmission from the remote station to the main station.
  • EN54-25 describes a test on how 10 alarms can be triggered at the same time and thus a possible collision is provoked. This test strictly monitors whether the standard 10-second alarm time for displaying the alarm at the primary control panel is met. Under no circumstances should the transmission of the alarm message from the substation to the main station take more than 2 seconds to comply with this time limit. This is especially true in the case of multiple alarms (ie the simultaneous occurrence of alarms with multiple sensors / substations).
  • the secondary station In the event of an alarm, the secondary station, the system described in EP 0 91 1 775, immediately and immediately sends a radio message to the main station. In this case, this radio message may collide with other alarm messages or messages of the normal communication of other substations. Also, the other substations / detectors that are in alarm must send immediately and immediately, without any regard to other radio messages. Until the collision is resolved, precious time passes. Troubleshooting:
  • the best collision resolution method is to avoid the collision:
  • the collision is avoided in that each slave station does not report immediately and immediately in the event of an alarm, but in a specific time interval reserved for each slave station.
  • This time interval may typically be 10 ms long and preferably occurs in each time cycle (typically every second) of the main station.
  • a time cycle of a slave station Sn is typically 32 seconds. This corresponds to a so-called system integrity check period Tges, in which the system integrity of all slave stations is checked once. In normal mode, ie if there is no alarm message, the secondary station logs in to the main station every 32 seconds.
  • a time cycle of the main station is typically one second. This corresponds to a so-called routine signal period Tr, in which the main station checks a secondary station by means of a routine signal.
  • Tr routine signal period
  • the master station master M
  • the detector n slave n
  • the integrity check which is done by exchanging one or more routine messages.
  • a main station typically has 32 substations / detectors.
  • the system integrity check period preferably has 32 routine signal periods.
  • the time cycle according to the invention ie the routine signal period or every second) of the main station can be subdivided into the following sections Z1-Z6: Z1) Integrity check: Duration maximum 20 ms
  • the main station M In case of failure, so if one or more substations have failed, sends here the main station M and confirms whether it has heard the state of the failed slave station through the neighbors or not.
  • the master station can send commands to the "lost" slave station, e.g. Turn on the LED.
  • the responsible neighbors of the missing slave station hear this command and forward it to their reserved neighborhood time slot later.
  • the main station M In this time window (maximum 100 ms), the main station M also gives the command in the event of a fault which neighboring station should help. All these activities only happen in the event of a malfunction. Normally, if there are no disturbances, there are no activities in this time interval.
  • the secondary station / detector Sn can and must only report within the alarm interval Z4Sn. However, it is only allowed to send it in the alarm interval Z4Sn if an alarm is really to be reported. In the alarm interval Z4Sn, the main station expects only an alarm message from the secondary station Sn. This means that preferably only the slave station n is allowed to transmit in the alarm interval n.
  • the secondary station n may only report an alarm in the alarm interval Z4Sn (alarm time slot n). Only exception for the latter may be that the slave station is signaling within its routine signal (for example, by setting a predetermined bit), whether there is an alarm or not. However, the exact information about the alarm will not be available until the alarm interval Z4Sn.
  • each substation has its assigned alarm interval at which it may transmit without running the risk of causing or even causing a collision. All alarm messages from the different detectors arrive at the main station within one second at the latest.
  • the substations / detectors remain active and send the alarm messages as confirmation of the last alarm messages within the next second in their assigned alarm intervals. Once the alarm condition is completed, the substation will send a message at its assigned alarm intervals.
  • a confirmation from the main station that the alarm messages have been received is given to the secondary stations on the second frequency band or sub-band (433 MHz or 868 MHz + x MHz).
  • Slave station and master station are synchronized to each other, so both have the same system clock. If the clock of the secondary station deviates from the main station, it will be corrected accordingly. This ensures that the short alarm time windows of the secondary and main stations match. A collision of the messages is therefore not possible.
  • the main station enters the receive mode at the beginning of each alarm interval, typically 32 times, in order to possibly receive a secondary station alarm signal. To save power the main station switches the reception as soon as she notices that no alarm message is sent.
  • a slave station If a slave station has an alarm to report, it waits for its predetermined alarm time interval. Only then does the secondary station send its alarm message to the main station. Although this has the disadvantage that in a main station with 32 substations the alarm message is delayed up to 500 ms. But this prevents a possible collision of (in the worst case) 32 alarm messages at the same time. The first and last alarm arrives at the main station within one second.
  • TDM time division multiplexer
  • FDM frequency division multiplexer
  • disturbances in the reception of the messages can occur again and again during the long service life of the system components. These disturbances can occur, for example, due to fading effects. This is the attenuation or disappearance (fading) of the RF field, which causes the communication between the main station and a specific substation to break.
  • a radio system that does not use at least measures 1 to 4 can not work smoothly over the entire service life (from 5 to 10 years).
  • security systems such as burglary or fire
  • these measures are not sufficient, because disturbances of the communication must be avoided if possible. If a fault nevertheless occurs, it must be displayed and forwarded. This will also be financially detrimental: An installer must investigate the incident immediately each time and get to the root of the problem.
  • the messages can be redirected from the secondary station to the main station. This is always considered to be a suitable measure if direct communication is not achieved.
  • This topic has already been described in several publications, such as the document EP1244082A1, treated.
  • EP 1 244 082 A1 is a bidirectional radio alarm system with a main station M and several secondary stations (S1, S2, S3, S4). If the wireless message that is sent, for example, from the main station M to the slave station S1, because poor propagation conditions at the substation not so, this complete message is forwarded to S1 via another substation S2, or S3 or S4, depending on availability. This method appears to be helpful against the type of interference described above. But it has two main disadvantages. By way of example, these disadvantages are explained:
  • the main station M typically has 32 substations S1 to S32.
  • the direct communication between the main station M and (for example) substation S10 is interrupted.
  • S10 has the slave station S9 as a "broker", which in this critical case should help S10 to relay the messages.
  • Each message is diverted from M to S10 (or vice versa from S10 to M) via S9.
  • S9 is a kind of "luggage carrier" in this system. S9 just forwards the message and does not care about the content of the message. Whether it is a normal message or alarm messages, is indifferent to the broker S9.
  • the main station M requests the broker S9 to stay awake to transmit "important" messages from or to the secondary station S10. However, S9 notices after 32 seconds that S10 needs help. Because to save power, each substation is only briefly awake every 32 seconds. In this short time the integrity check runs. That S9 can not immediately realize that S10 needs help. Because until the main station M and S10 notice that the communication has actually failed, S9 has long been back in sleep mode.
  • the higher-level alarm system (fire alarm control panel, burglar alarm panel) requires 6 to 8 seconds for the verification and further processing of the alarm message until it signals the alarm.
  • the corresponding standards e.g. The EN54, without exception, stipulate that an alert may last no more than 10 seconds.
  • An alarm message from the slave station S10 must therefore arrive at the main station M within two seconds.
  • the transmission takes at least 32 + 2 seconds.
  • the alarm messages [31 + 2] and [30 + 2] would take seconds, respectively, because the slave stations are polled in order of their numbering by the master station.
  • Slave station S10 can in rare cases select S1 1 (S1 1 is queried directly after S10) as the "favorite broker". Even then, the alarm message would take at least a second longer (2 + 1).
  • S1 1 is not ideal as a favorite broker. It takes one or two seconds for the master station M and the slave station S10 to note the failure of the communication, to report and to initiate the diversion mechanism. S1 1 or S12 can not respond in time and, as usual, go into sleep mode after the integrity check to save power. Only in this way is the long life guaranteed. S1 1 and even S12 do not notice anything about the detour mechanism. Only at the next cycle lus, ie after 32 seconds, the substation S1 1 or S12 can learn about the problem at the secondary station S10 and provide assistance.
  • An ideal broker for S10 would be the secondary station S13 or S14. However, even with S13 or S14 the alarm message lasts for 2 seconds, 2 + 3 (S13) or 2 + 4 (S14) seconds. If one adds the 6 to 8 seconds of verification and further processing of the higher-level alarm system, the best result is an alarm reaction time of 13 or 14 seconds. That is, regardless of which slave station acts as a broker, the norm is violated even at the shortest alarm response time since the prescribed 10 seconds are exceeded.
  • a further disadvantage of this method is that slave stations that work as brokers must establish communication with the main station not only in the event of an alarm, but also normally (during the integrity check). This can, as already mentioned, last for a longer period of time.
  • the broker in the example the secondary station S9 would have to do the double work.
  • the service life of the slave station S9 is reduced and in the worst case, it is reduced by half. Need several substations help from the neighbors, so the life decreases not only at a substation, but at other substations also.
  • the maximum number of substations that can be managed by a master station is well below 32. In practice this number rather at 6 to 8 substations. As a result, only a few potential brokers are available to a secondary station from a priori.
  • the above-described and method is used, in which the time cycle of a routine signal period Tr shown in FIG. 5 is used.
  • each slave station Sn has, in addition to an auxiliary alarm interval Z4Sn, also a unique neighborhood time slot Z5Sn reserved specifically for this slave station.
  • This neighborhood time slot Z5Sn occurs in every periodic cycle of the main station, ie every second.
  • Each substation / annunciator has the same "system clock” as the main station M.
  • Each substation adjusts its "clock” time clock to the "clock” time of the master station. Every slave station already knows in the registration phase which slave station is listening when.
  • the time table is fully known to each slave station and may be requested and updated by the master station M.
  • the slave station n announces that it needs help when the direct communication to the master station fails.
  • Each slave station Sn typically has four neighbors, which in case of emergency, if the direct communication to the main station M fails, will be available to bridge the failure.
  • These four substations listen every second to this neighborhood time slot Z5Sn to offer their help. , Of course, however, more or fewer than four neighbors can be predefined, which are available in case of failure for failure bridging.
  • Neighboring station 1 is selected by the sub-station n after the strongest field. That the neighboring station 1 communicates with the slave station n with the largest signal strength. Best RSSI with substation n.
  • Neighbor station 2 selected by the secondary station n after temporal proximity. That the neighboring station 2 communicates with the main station directly after the secondary station n. Thus, the neighboring station 2 would be the secondary station n + 1.
  • Neighbor station 3 selected by the secondary station n after temporal proximity.
  • the neighboring station 3 communicates with the main station in front of the secondary station n in time.
  • the neighboring station 3 would be the secondary station n-1.
  • Neighbor station 4 selected by the slave station n after the strongest field to the master station. That the neighboring station 4 communicates with the main station with the largest signal strength. Best RSSI to main station.
  • the order and / or the priority can of course be adapted as desired to the respective application.
  • the slave station transmits Sn in its neighborhood time slot Z5Sn and informs the other four neighbors that they need help and informs briefly about their condition.
  • the neighboring station 1 corresponds to the slave S1.
  • the neighboring station S1 sends a message to the main station M and informs it that the substation Sn is still functional.
  • the neighboring station S1 thus does not send the message from the main station to the secondary station Sn or vice versa, but only informs the main station M about the state of the secondary station Sn.
  • the slave station Sn hears the message from the neighboring station 1 to the main station M. Thus, the slave station knows that the master station M is informed of its condition. The message from neighboring station 1 contains more information. Also included are instructions at the slave station Sn, e.g. Turn on the LEDs that originally came from the main station M. The slave station n listens to this command and immediately switches e.g. the LED on.
  • the failed slave station Sn sends not only the message that e.g. there is no alarm, but also that she has switched on the LED.
  • the neighbor station S1 transmits once in its own neighborhood time slot, typically every 32 seconds (system integrity check period), to notify the presence and operability of the failed slave station n, the master station M.
  • the neighboring station S1 does not help once per 32 seconds (system integrity check period), but every second (routine signal period). Every second in its neighborhood time slot Z5S1, it sends the alarm status of the slave station Sn, which it learned when the slave station Sn sent the alarm in its neighborhood time slot to all helping neighbors.
  • the remaining three neighboring stations hear in the respective neighborhood time slots and are thus in a standby mode. If the neighboring station S1 fails, then it is the neighboring station 2 which in its neighborhood time slot sends a message to the main station M and informs that the secondary station n is still functional and no further messages are present. If the neighboring stations 1 and 2 fail, the neighboring stations 3 and 4 come to the row in the same way as described above.
  • the new method according to the invention will be described again in more detail:
  • the ideal neighbors of S1 who were automatically selected by the main station at the first login during the installation phase are: S12, S20, S25 and S32.
  • S1 needs Neighborhood Assistance, so in the neighborhood assistance interval, S1 sends its state, LED, ALARM not ALARM, ...
  • S1 sends in the neighborhood help interval only and only when it needs help and when communication to the main station is lost.
  • Case 1 S20 listens very briefly (typically 400 S) into this neighborhood assistance interval Z5S1 and realizes that S1 does not need any help, then S20 returns to sleep mode (stand-by mode).
  • Case 2 S20 listens very briefly (typically 400 S) in Z5S1 and realizes that S1 needs help, then S20 stays awake for typically 10 ms, hears the message from S1 and the entire state of S1. In the SN20, the S20 does not send to the main station the full message from S1, so no porter, but only the state of S1. So only a few bits, depending on the state 1 or 0, the alarm state, the LED state, the battery state, the presence state play. So only the most important information.
  • S25 only hears Z5S1, sees that S1 does not need any help.
  • S25 would not listen to Z5S20 anymore because of S1.
  • S32 also heard in Z5S1, so we know that S1 needs help.
  • S32 has also heard in Z5S20, so knows that S20 could help. If S20 can not help, only then does S32 listen in Z5S25 and sees that S25 could help. If S20 and S25 are not able to help because they need help themselves and have no communication with the master themselves, then S32 in Z5S32 sends the state of S1 to the main station.
  • S32 If S1 does not need any help then S32 hears only SN1, sees that S1 does not need any help. S32 would no longer listen to Z5S20 and not Z5S25 because of S1.
  • the four neighboring stations selected at registration know about the status of the slave station n (alarm state, presence, battery state) if their direct communication to the master station fails.
  • the neighboring station has all the information that the main station M requires: status, alarm status, battery status and can thus immediately report to the main station M, without acting as a repeater and continue to report the entire Rohnachricht.
  • the neighboring stations according to the new method primitive "Porter”. You never just forward the mail. But they break the "postal secret”, open the post office and forward only the "action / message”.
  • the new procedure has the advantage that the alarm time of 2 seconds is always kept. Even in the event of a fault, where direct communication from the secondary station n to the main station M is not possible, the alarm reaction time of two seconds is always observed.
  • Another aspect of the invention Selection method for quickly detecting the own RF signal in a synchronous radio system of a radio alarm system
  • a system that has a 40-50 dB reserve in the LINK BUDGET is less sensitive to interference than a lower-margin system.
  • the range of the system is 1000 meters and one would install the main and secondary stations with a distance of no more than 100 meters, then the signal strength is significantly higher than at a distance of 1000 meters.
  • Such a system is harder to disturb because it still has a large reserve.
  • the range between the main and secondary stations would be reduced to a maximum of 2 to 5 meters. Such a short range of 2 to a maximum of 5 meters in the whole question the sense of radio equipment in question.
  • the maximum power with which a radio transmitter can transmit is limited by the ETSI EN300220 standard. To achieve a reserve of 40 to 50 dB, the only option is to maximize the sensitivities of the main station M and substations. For most systems, the receiver currently has a sensitivity of only -100 to -105 dBm (data rate 5 kbps, Manchester 10 kbps). To achieve the high reserve in the power balance, a better sensitivity of - 125 dBm (data rate 5 kBit / s, Manchester 10 kBaud) should be achieved. A sensitivity of -125 dBm is a technical challenge in and of itself. In addition, it still brings technical problems and major disadvantages for the selection with it. Therefore, many systems do without the extremely high sensitivity and thus have to live with high probability of failure. High sensitivity has been synonymous with poor selectivity and high probability of receiving foreign RF signals.
  • a sensitive system finds noise and high noise in the range of -1 10 to -125 dBm. If the receiver of the main or substation falls on foreign signals (such as sturgeon needles or noise), it loses time and power and, above all, misses its own signal that it must receive. The radio communication between the two communication partners then fails and a fault message must be sent out. The reception of false signals is also the main reason for synchronization problems in today's radio systems. It is extremely rare nowadays to find a location for a hazard detection system where the frequency bands 433-434 MHz and 863-870 MHz are noise-free up to a power level of -125 dBm.
  • Every computer every mobile phone, every cordless phone, every babyphone, every wireless headset, etc. radiates in the radio frequency. These RF emissions can be found not only in their own frequency bands (where these devices work), but also in the 433 and 868 MHz bands, which also operate the hazard detection systems. These RF emissions take the form of sturgeon needles. By such Nachbarstörer one finds in its own frequency channels a fairly high noise level. The problem is that this high level of noise is sometimes even legal. In direct proximity to the frequency channels of hazard alarm systems, various devices may emit a power of up to -37 / -36 dBm.
  • baby monitors between 869.7 and 870 MHz, headsets between 863 and 864 and RF ID devices with a power of 0.5 to 2 watts between 865 and 868 MHz.
  • this signal remains strong enough to possibly cause disturbances.
  • receivers sensitive to -125 dBm Over the next few years, these emissions will increase even more because sales of various radio components worldwide will multiply.
  • a system with a sensitivity of -100 dBm does not detect 99.9% of this noise and the disturbing needles.
  • the extremely high sensitivity of other systems is therefore not necessarily popular, it is therefore unfortunately waived at least 20 dB.
  • frequency spreading methods so - called spread spectrum method
  • similar methods require a high bandwidth of at least several megahertz to be efficient and effective.
  • the power consumption of frequency spreading methods is very high and is not suitable for these applications of security systems (fire, burglary), where you aim for a long life of 5 to 10 years.
  • the frequency channels including the alarm channels, eg in the band 868 MHz, where the bandwidth is only 25 to 100 kHz wide, such methods are out of the question.
  • the useful signal is strong, or much stronger than the interference signals, then it is relatively easy to suppress the interference. This is not always the case. Often, the disturbances are strong or the own signal too weak. Only there, ie with weak useful signals or at the sensitivity limit, do good reception systems differ from standard systems.
  • each signal in particular each routine signal, may have a particular pulse 11 or 11 1, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the amplitude curve and the frequency curve are unique and are only assigned to the own system: For example, the amplitudes at the beginning of the radio message are increased step by step by 3 dB, then lowered again by 2 dB, then again increased by 4.
  • This amplitude characteristic has all transmitters in common according to the new method. So you can easily recognize your own signal. An interference signal that has exactly this amplitude course would be extremely unlikely.
  • This amplitude curve is very short in time ( ⁇ 1 ms) and hardly costs more power.
  • a signal that does not have this amplitude characteristic is quickly sorted out.
  • the amplitude pattern progression goes even further: after the last increase in the example by 4 dB, the amplitude curve typical for each radio cell, comprising the main station M1 and the slave station M1 S1 to M1 Sn, begins, for example, a decrease of 3 dB and then an increase of 5 dB. So you can not only detect whether it is a system according to this method, but even to exactly which radio cell is. Also, if each radio cell (master station Mx and slave station Mx Sn) operate on different frequencies, it may sometimes be helpful if each master station has its own amplitude pattern at the end, eg if in certain cases the master stations should communicate with each other.
  • the amplitude curve is not about a very accurate measurement of the level, but it is about a typical course, so a pattern recognition.
  • the exact level determination can deviate by +/- 1 dB.
  • the second selection measure is the frequency pattern course. If the amplitude characteristic is correctly recognized, then the frequency pattern recognition comes.
  • the frequency of the transmission signal of the main or secondary station is thereby transmitted in rapid succession by a few kHz each, so identify the receiver of the main or the slave station of this signal as a unique system-own signal and not as a foreign signal (interferer).
  • the receiver By sequentially transmitting two signals with a particular frequency difference (e.g., 15 kHz or 17 kHz, for example), the receiver recognizes that this can not be a coincidence, but that it really is its own system signal.
  • the distance of the two serial frequencies to each other gives each main / slave station a unique feature that is the expected signal. Conversely, a disturber or extraneous signal has no chance to get through this "filter” and to emulate exactly this frequency response.
  • a noise signal that first meets the amplitude curve and then the frequency response, is not realistically possible.
  • the selection according to the new method would be possible despite high sensitivity, without running the risk of falling for a foreign interference signal.
  • the order of the amplitude and frequency response can be swapped. It is even conceivable to combine both courses at the same time: After the frequency course has a relatively small frequency difference, for example 15, 17 or 20 kHz, the level measurement (RSSI signal) for the amplitude course remains almost untouched.
  • a significant cause of the interference is the collision with other foreign radio signals from other systems transmitting in the same band / channel.
  • a high-quality radio system in a security alarm system must have the ability to jump far in frequency several times in order to avoid these interferences.
  • the main station with the second dual receiver, ie with the second transceiver, a detailed SCAN through, looking for a new free and low noise frequency channel. If a new free frequency channel is found, then the main station alerts all its secondary stations that the channel frequency is changed at the time x and that only time is spent communicating there.
  • the main station scans a certain number of service channels, typically four. These service channels were previously defined by the system. These service channels are known for calibration in the manufacturing of each main and substation. The service channels are distributed over the entire frequency band or bands so that the likelihood that all are occupied or disturbed at once is extremely low. At the first use, during login, the main station scans all service channels and chooses the best free service channel with the least noise.
  • the slave station When used for the first time, ie during login, the slave station scans all service channels until it finds the channel that the master station has selected. In this channel, the main station sends during the first login, the s.g. Registration messages. There is also the registration.
  • each main station has up to 32 substations. In the system described above, typically up to 40 main stations may be active in the immediate vicinity.
  • the main stations can be connected to a Common superordinate headquarters, like a fire alarm panel (BMZ), be connected.
  • BMZ fire alarm panel
  • Each of the 40 main stations will pick one of the 40 base frequency channels if that channel is free.
  • the 40 base channels and their typical 7 alternative channels are chosen according to a specific algorithm so that they never approach or even interfere with each other in the "worst case.”
  • the "worst case” here means that all 40 main stations are switched to the alternative channels seven times have to jump. Not only the 40 channels are unique, but also each of the 7 alternative channels.
  • the active scanning (seeking) master station M1 is in receiver mode and is receiving with its two or more receivers searching for one of 40 free channels (as described above). According to the method, the main station M1 does more than just receive.
  • the main station transmits a so-called "presence signal" and asks every main station present to report to it. All existing main stations make contact with the already existing main stations, which greatly facilitates and accelerates the search for available channels and avoids their occupancy reserved base channels, especially main stations that have a single substation, on (a few ms). It is therefore difficult to detect reliably if you do not wait long enough.
  • This method has a further advantage: If several main stations M1, M2, Mn are in registration mode, a new outstation that is coming from production can not initially know at which main station it should now report for the first time.
  • Another aspect of the invention adaptation of the resonance curve of the antennas
  • the received or transmitted RF field at the master station and / or at the slave station becomes weak when the antennas at the master or slave station are no longer in resonance.
  • a high temperature difference, a newly added object in the immediate vicinity of the antennas, etc. over the long lifetime cause the antennas to drift away from their resonance curves and easily lose 10 dB of reflection factor.
  • the antennas of the main station and the substation are developed and adjusted in the production and calibrated so that the center of the resonance curve for all antennas is at the working frequency.
  • the resonance curve of the antennas shifts.
  • the resonance curve also shifts when one or more obstacles / objects are in the immediate vicinity of the main or secondary station or if it comes to it. Over a lifespan of 5 to 10 years, new or other obstacles that affect antenna resonances are not unlikely.
  • the master and slave stations respectively, send each other a constant RF pulse 12 or 112, a so-called antenna tune pulse signal, as shown in FIG.
  • This pulse signal is of a short duration of 20 to a maximum of 500 seconds.
  • the receiver measures the amplitude and phase of the HF Field and corrects the matching network of the antenna / antennas until a maximum in amplitude is reached.
  • antenna / antenna in full resonance.
  • the antenna / antenna matching network can be tuned / tuned online until the amplitude reaches a maximum by using other components instead of normal discrete components for the matching network.
  • capacitors for example a varactor diode or, for example, a gyrator at the location of an inductance or, for example, switchable strip lines. So you can change the capacitance values with a control signal by a few picofarads.
  • the inductors Here the inductance is optimized by a few Nanohenry. In most cases, this small optimization of the matching network is sufficient to once again achieve an ideal resonance curve of the antennas and to minimize the reflection factor of the antenna.
  • the received signal or the transmitted signal from the antennas remains strong enough to avoid communication failures and interference.
  • each routine signal has three pulses, as shown in FIG.
  • these three pulses follow in the following order:
  • a detection pulse 11 or 11 by individual amplitude and frequency response,
  • a synchronization pulse 13 for time and / or Frequenzsynchronisie- tion which is only sent from the main station, while the currently active slave station receives the same time and makes a balance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transmission radioélectrique de données d'avertisseur dans un système avertisseur de danger, selon lequel des stations secondaires, qui sont couplées chacune à un avertisseur d'état, transmettent à une station principale des données d'avertisseur ainsi que les adresses identifiant les stations secondaires. Une vérification de routine de l'état de système est effectuée successivement pour chaque station secondaire. Au cours de cette vérification de routine de chacune des stations secondaires, chaque station secondaire envoie à la station principale un signal de routine de station secondaire sur un premier canal au cours d'un intervalle de temps de signal de routine attribué, et la station principale envoie simultanément un signal de routine de station principale à cette même station secondaire sur un deuxième canal.
EP11748606.8A 2010-07-27 2011-07-27 Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger Active EP2599067B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010032368.3A DE102010032368B4 (de) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Voll-Duplex-Funkkommunikationsverfahren in einem synchronen Funksystem
DE102010032349A DE102010032349B4 (de) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Funkkommunikationsverfahren mit schneller Alarmbenachrichtigung
PCT/EP2011/062862 WO2012013692A1 (fr) 2010-07-27 2011-07-27 Procédé de radiocommunication duplex dans un système de radiocommunication synchrone d'un système avertisseur de danger

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EP2599067A1 true EP2599067A1 (fr) 2013-06-05
EP2599067B1 EP2599067B1 (fr) 2014-10-15

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010032369B4 (de) * 2010-07-27 2013-02-21 Lotfi Makadmini Anmeldeverfahren für Funkkommunikationssysteme
JP6106906B2 (ja) * 2012-09-11 2017-04-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 無線通信システム

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3529127A1 (de) * 1985-08-14 1987-02-19 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur datenuebertragung bei alarmanlagen
DE19531081C2 (de) * 1995-08-23 1999-07-15 Oliver Bartels Drahtlose Alarmanlage
ATE256324T1 (de) 1997-09-30 2003-12-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur funkübertragung in einem gefahrenmeldesystem
US7015789B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2006-03-21 Honeywell International Inc. State validation using bi-directional wireless link
DE10114314A1 (de) 2001-03-23 2002-10-10 Siemens Gebaeudesicherheit Gmb Verfahren zur Funkübertragung in einem Gefahrenmeldesystem

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WO2012013692A1 (fr) 2012-02-02

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