EP2594795B1 - Device for compressing a gas or a fluid comprising gaseous and liquid components, and a submarine boat containing such a device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for compressing a gaseous or consisting of gaseous and liquid components fluid having the features specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a submarine.

For compressing gases piston compressors are often used. However, reciprocating compressors generally have a dead space, also referred to as a harmful space, in which compressed gas is present after the compression stroke, which expands during the intake stroke of the reciprocating compressor and thus initially prevents aspiration of new gas. As a result, the efficiency of reciprocating compressors is significantly reduced, and this effect increases with increasing compression pressure.

In addition, the compression of gases is polytropic, so that the temperature in compressors increases with the ratio of final pressure / initial pressure. As the temperature increases, the compression work to be performed increases. This and the above-mentioned dead space of reciprocating compressors mean that it is generally not possible to compress gases which are to be compressed to a comparatively high pressure in a single-stage process in a reciprocating compressor. Therefore, it is often necessary to gradually increase the pressure of a gas in a plurality of reciprocating piston compressors, wherein the gas is cooled in each case between the compression steps.

This procedure is time-consuming and complex.

Out DE 296 367 A . DE 357 858 A and US 2,404,660 are known devices for compressing gases which have a reciprocating drive driven piston compressor, the gas sucks in a compression space and compacted there. In order to avoid dead space in the compression space and to cool the gas in the compression space, water is introduced into the compression space.

In DE 10 2009 040 379 B3 An apparatus for compressing gas is described which comprises a pressure vessel having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid inlet, wherein gas in the pressure vessel is compressed by the admission of liquid into the pressure vessel.

One out DE 10 2006 053 923 A1 known piston working machine has a piston compressor and means for introducing a cooling liquid in a compression chamber of the reciprocating compressor. A piston rod of the reciprocating compressor is motion-coupled with a crank mechanism.

Out DE 10 2004 052 168 A1 It is known to drive a piston engine instead of a crank drive with a linear drive.

At one off GB 455,829 A known device for compressing a fluid, which is intended for use in the field of brewing, is introduced into the compression chamber of a reciprocating compressor by means of a piston pump cooling liquid. The reciprocating compressor and the piston pump have a common drive.

Against this background, the present invention seeks to provide a device for compressing a gaseous or consisting of gaseous and liquid components fluid, the compression of a gaseous or gaseous and liquid constituents fluid to a relatively high pressure in a single-stage litigation in one Piston compressor allows, with a reciprocating compressor of the device can be adapted quickly to different or changing compaction tasks.

This object is achieved by a device having the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the device will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. In this case, according to the invention, the features specified in the dependent claims in each case by itself or in a suitable combination, the device of claim 1 further.

The inventive device for compressing a gaseous or consisting of gaseous and liquid components fluid has a reciprocating compressor. In order to be able to compress the fluid in the piston compressor in one stage to a comparatively high pressure, the device has means for introducing a fluid into a compression chamber of the piston compressor during the compression and a piston pump for conveying the fluid. Accordingly, conveying means are provided with which a liquid is conveyed from a liquid reservoir into the compression space of the reciprocating compressor. In addition, control means are provided which actuate the device such that the liquid is introduced during the compression of the fluid in the compression space of the reciprocating compressor.

The aim of this embodiment of the device according to the invention is, during the compression of the fluid in the compression space of the reciprocating compressor Initiate liquid. By this measure, the fluid in the compression chamber is cooled during the compression process. At the same time, after the end of the fluid compression, the dead space present in the compression chamber is completely filled with the incompressible liquid with appropriate metering of the quantity of liquid introduced into the compression chamber, so that then there is no more gas in the compression chamber and the dead space is virtually eliminated. The adverse effects otherwise associated with the dead space can therefore not occur in the method according to the invention. By cooling with the introduction of the liquid into the compression chamber and the elimination of the dead space, it is possible to compress gases in the reciprocating compressor in a one-stage process to a relatively high pressure.

According to the invention, the piston rod of the reciprocating compressor is preferably coupled for movement with a continuously adjustable linear drive. Under a continuously adjustable linear drive is such a linear drive to understand, in which the movement path and the speed of movement of a translationally movable component of the linear drive, which is coupled to the piston rod, can be changed without transition. As a result, the path traveled by the piston of the reciprocating compressor and its speed are infinitely adjustable on the piston compressor during the suction and compression of the fluid, so that the reciprocating compressor can be adapted quickly to different or changing compaction tasks.

The compression space of the reciprocating compressor expediently has, in addition to a first inlet for the fluid to be compressed, also a second inlet for introducing the liquid. On the input side of the first inlet of the compression chamber, a valve is arranged in the usual way, which prevents the fluid during the compression stroke of the piston compressor can flow out of the compression space. Similarly, a valve with the same task is arranged on the input side of the second inlet of the compression chamber expediently. These valves may advantageously be check valves.

Advantageously, the piston pump for conveying the liquid is connected to the second inlet of the piston compressor. This piston pump, which allows a very accurate fluid metering, so that exactly the amount of liquid required to fill the dead space and to cool the fluid can be pumped into the compression chamber of the reciprocating compressor is expediently designed to counteract the compression pressure prevailing in the compression chamber of the reciprocating compressor can.

Advantageously, the working cycles of the reciprocating compressor and the piston pump are synchronized. Ie. the reciprocating compressor and / or the piston pump are preferably activated in such a way that when the reciprocating compressor performs a compression stroke, the piston pump simultaneously executes an expulsion cycle and pumps liquid into the compression chamber of the reciprocating compressor and the piston pump then, when the reciprocating compressor sucks the fluid to be compressed, at the same time also performs an intake stroke and sucks in the liquid to be introduced in the compression chamber of the piston compressor from a liquid reservoir.

Preferably, an electrically driven screw drive forms the linear drive. Here, a threaded spindle of the screw drive is translationally coupled in motion with the piston rod of the reciprocating compressor. A screwed on the threaded spindle, axially non-movable component is rotatably coupled to an electric drive motor. The screw drive is particularly advantageous a planetary roller screw, which allows the transmission of relatively high forces and high positioning accuracy of the threaded spindle.

According to the piston compressor and the piston pump to a common drive. For example, a screw drive can be provided with a translationally movable threaded spindle, wherein the threaded spindle at one end with the piston rod of the reciprocating compressor and at the other End is motion coupled with a piston rod of the piston pump. In this case, the piston compressor and the piston pump are designed and / or arranged such that in a translational movement of the threaded spindle of the piston compressor performs a compression stroke, while the piston pump performs an exhaust stroke and the piston compressor and the piston pump in a movement of the threaded spindle in the opposite direction in each case one intake stroke To run.

The invention is particularly suitable for delivering CO ₂ from a submarine. In submarines it is necessary during a dive trip the carbon dioxide contained in the inner air of the submarine or CO ₂ , which accumulates in particular in the exhaled air of the crew of the submarine to bind in a suitable manner and then store in the submarine in designated storage or from the submarine to its external environment dissipate.

Out DE 10 2006 048 716 B3 discloses a procedure in which the bound in a CO ₂ CO _{2 2} -Bindeeinrichtung -Bindeeinrichtung means of steam ₂ binder is separated in the CO from a CO and is then discharged to the solution in water from the submarine. The device according to the invention can advantageously be provided in such a way that the fluid of CO ₂ and steam arising after the separation of the CO ₂ from the binder is discharged directly from the submarine in gaseous form, ie without prior solution in water. For this purpose, the fluid is sucked by the piston compressor in the compression space and compacted there, wherein in the compression space during the compression liquid is introduced. By introducing the liquid, the fluid in the reciprocating compressor can be compressed in one stage to such a pressure level that it is against the dive travel in the outer environment of the submarine prevailing water pressure can be squeezed out of the submarine.

The steam required to separate the CO ₂ from the CO ₂ binder is typically generated in an evaporator where the water is boiled. Advantageously condensate obtained in the evaporator is sucked by a pump and introduced into the compression chamber of the reciprocating compressor during the compression of the fluid from CO ₂ and water vapor as the cooling liquid.

In this respect, the invention also relates to a submarine comprising at least one device according to one of claims 4 - 10. This device is used in the submarine to divert the resulting in the exhaled air of the crew of the submarine inside the submarine CO ₂ in the outer environment of the submarine.

Fig. 1

eine Vorrichtung zum Verdichten eines gasförmigen oder aus gasförmigen und flüssigen Bestandteilen bestehenden Fluids in einer schematisch stark vereinfachten Prinzipskizze und

Fig. 2

ein Unterseeboot mit der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einer schematisch stark vereinfachten Prinzipskizze.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

a device for compressing a gaseous or gaseous and liquid constituents fluid in a schematically simplified schematic diagram and

Fig. 2

a submarine with the device behind Fig. 1 in a schematically simplified schematic diagram.

In the Fig. 1 The apparatus shown has a reciprocating compressor 2, in which a piston 4 for sucking and compressing a gaseous or liquid and gaseous components fluid is linearly displaceable in a cylinder 6. At an inlet 8, a supply line 10 opens into a compression chamber 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2. Via the feed line 10 and the inlet 8, a fluid in an intake stroke of the reciprocating compressor 2 can be sucked into its compression chamber 12 and then compressed there.

Furthermore, the in Fig. 1 apparatus shown a piston pump 14 with a cylinder 16 in a linearly movable piston 18 arranged on. With the piston pump 14, liquid 22 stored in a reservoir 20 is sucked into an abutment space 28 of the piston pump 14 via a supply line 24, which opens at an inlet 26 of the piston pump 14, and then discharged via an outlet 30 into a line 32.

The line 32 opens at a formed on the compression chamber 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2 inlet 14. D. h., By means of the piston pump 14, liquid 22 is conveyed from the reservoir 20 into the compression chamber 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2, the manner and purpose This measure will be explained in more detail below.

The reciprocating compressor 2 and the piston pump 14 are driven by a common drive. This is a driven by an electric motor 36 screw drive with a threaded spindle 38. The threaded spindle 38 is coupled at a first end with a piston rod 40 of the reciprocating compressor 2 and at the other end with a piston rod 42 of the piston pump 14 coupled in motion.

The piston rod 42 of the piston pump 14 is guided through the discharge space 28 of the piston pump 14 to the piston 18. As a result, and due to the comparatively large diameter of the piston rod 14, the volume of the discharge space 28 reduces to an annular gap around the piston rod 42 around.

The threaded spindle 38 is movable by means of the electric motor 36 in a direction A and a direction B opposite thereto. Accordingly, the piston rod 40 with the piston 4 and the piston rod 42 with the piston 18 can be moved together in the directions A and B. The reciprocating compressor 2 and the piston pump 14 are designed and arranged such that they each perform an intake stroke when the threaded spindle 38 moves in the direction A, whereas during a movement of the threaded spindle 38 in the direction B the reciprocating compressor 2 performs a compression stroke and the piston pump 14 Run exhaust stroke.

• Wird die Gewindespindel 38 von dem Elektromotor 36 in Richtung A angetrieben, führt der Kolbenverdichter 2 einen Ansaugtakt aus, bei dem ein gasförmiges oder aus gasförmigen und flüssigen Bestandteilen bestehendes Fluid in den Verdichtungsraum 12 der Kolbenpumpe 14 über die Leitung 10 angesaugt wird. Hierbei wird der an dem Verdichtungsraum 12 ausgebildete zweite Einlass 34 von einem in der Leitung 30 angeordneten Rückschlagventil 44 verschlossen. Gleichzeitig führt die Kolbenpumpe 14 einen Ansaugtakt aus, bei dem die in dem Reservoir 20 befindliche Flüssigkeit 22 in den Ausstoßraum 28 der Kolbenpumpe gesaugt wird.

The functioning of in Fig. 1 The device shown is as follows:

• If the threaded spindle 38 is driven by the electric motor 36 in the direction A, the reciprocating compressor 2 performs an intake stroke in which a gaseous or gaseous and liquid components existing fluid is sucked into the compression chamber 12 of the piston pump 14 via the line 10. In this case, the second inlet 34 formed on the compression chamber 12 is closed by a check valve 44 arranged in the line 30. At the same time, the piston pump 14 performs an intake stroke in which the liquid 22 in the reservoir 20 is sucked into the discharge space 28 of the piston pump.

Subsequently, the electric motor 36 is controlled by a control device not shown in the drawing such that the threaded spindle 38 is moved in the direction B. The piston compressor 2 then performs a compression stroke, in which the previously sucked fluid is compressed in the compression chamber 12. In this case prevent the check valve 44 and disposed in the line 10 check valve 46, an outflow of the fluid from the compression chamber 12. As soon as a desired compression pressure has been established in the compression chamber 12, the fluid is discharged via an outlet 48 formed on the compression chamber 12, to which a conduit 50 is connected, wherein a pretensioned check valve 52 is arranged in the conduit 50 only opens at the desired compression pressure.

Since the piston pump 14 executes an exhaust stroke at the same time as the compression stroke of the reciprocating compressor 2, the liquid 22 contained in the ejection space 28 of the piston pump 14 is delivered to the compression space 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2 during the compression of the fluid. In this case, a check valve 54 arranged in the supply line 24 prevents a backflow of the liquid 22 into the supply line 24.

By supplying the liquid 22 to the compression chamber 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2 during the compression stroke, the fluid in the compression chamber 12 is cooled by the liquid 22, so that the temperature rise during the compression with respect to a piston pump without supply of liquid is considerably lower. In addition, after opening the check valve 52, when the piston 4 is at its dead center, the liquid 22 fills the entire dead space in the compression space 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2. This and the cooling of the fluid in the compression chamber 12 allow the compression of the fluid to higher compression pressures than would be possible without the introduction of fluid into the compression chamber 12.

In Fig. 2 schematically simplified, a submarine 56 is shown. This submarine 56 has the in Fig. 1 illustrated device for compressing a gaseous or gaseous and liquid constituents fluid. Besides that is in the submarine 56, a CO ₂ binding device 58 is arranged. Via a line 60, the interior air of the submarine is directed into the CO ₂ binding device 58. There, the CO ₂ contained in the air is bound by a CO ₂ binder 62 and the freed from the CO ₂ air via a line 64 again directed into the interior of the submarine 56.

The CO ₂ binder 62 is regenerated by means of steam which dissolves the CO ₂ from the CO ₂ binder 62. The water vapor is provided by an evaporator 66 disposed in the submarine 56. Water is introduced into the evaporator 66 via a water inlet 68 and evaporated there. Subsequently, the steam is passed via a line 70 into the CO ₂ binding device 58.

After the regeneration of the CO ₂ binder 62 is in the CO ₂ binder 58, a mixture of CO ₂ and water vapor. This mixture is passed through the connected to the CO ₂ binding device 58 supply line 10 in a suction stroke of the reciprocating compressor 2 in the compression chamber 12, there compacted and passed via line 50 into a seewasserdurchflutete line 72. From there, the mixture of CO ₂ and water vapor enters the outside environment of the submarine 56.

In order to be able to discharge the mixture of CO ₂ and water vapor during submarine 56's dive, the mixture of CO ₂ and water vapor in the reciprocating compressor 2 must be compressed to a pressure which is greater than the ambient pressure of the submarine. The generation of such a pressure is made possible by introducing liquid into the compression chamber 12 of the piston compressor 2 during the compression of the mixture of CO ₂ and water vapor. As a liquid condensate is used, which collects at the bottom of the evaporator 66. This condensate is fed to the piston pump 14. To drain the condensate from the evaporator 66 in the piston pump 14 which opens into the discharge chamber 28 of the piston pump 14 supply line 24 is connected to the evaporator 66. By means of the piston pump 14, the condensate is sucked from the evaporator 66 and pumped in an exhaust stroke of the piston pump 14 via the line 32 into the compression chamber 12 of the reciprocating compressor 2.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

- Piston compressor

4

- Piston

6

- Cylinder

8th

- inlet

10

- Feed line

12

- Compaction space

14

- Piston pump

16

- Cylinder

18

- Piston

20

- Reservoir

22

- Liquid

24

- Feed line

26

- inlet

28

- discharge space

30

- outlet

32

- Management

34

- inlet

36

- electric motor

38

- threaded spindle

40

- piston rod

42

- piston rod

44

- Check valve

46

- Check valve

48

- outlet

50

- Management

52

- Check valve

54

- Check valve

56

- Submarine

58

- CO ₂ binding device

60

- Management

62

- CO ₂ binders

64

- Management

66

- Evaporator

68

- Water intake

70

- Management

72

- Management

A

- Direction

B

- Direction

Claims (5)

1. A device for compressing a gaseous fluid or a fluid consisting of gaseous and fluid components, with a piston compressor (2), with means for introducing a fluid (22) into a compressing space (12) of the piston compressor (2) during the compressing, and with a piston pump (14) for delivering fluid, characterised in that a piston rod (40) of the piston compressor (2) is coupled in movement to an infinitely settable linear drive, wherein the linear drive drives the piston compressor (2) together with the piston pump (14).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the compressor space (12) comprises a first inlet (8) for the fluid to be compressed and a second inlet (34) for introducing the fluid (22).
3. A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the piston pump (14) for delivering the fluid is connected on the second inlet (34) of the piston compressor (2).
4. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an electrically driven screw drive forms the linear drive.
5. A submarine (54), characterised in that the submarine (56) comprises at least one device according to one of the claims 1 to 4, for leading a gaseous fluid out of the submarine (56).

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