EP1812759B1 - Combined piston-expander compressor - Google Patents
Combined piston-expander compressor Download PDFInfo
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- EP1812759B1 EP1812759B1 EP05815530A EP05815530A EP1812759B1 EP 1812759 B1 EP1812759 B1 EP 1812759B1 EP 05815530 A EP05815530 A EP 05815530A EP 05815530 A EP05815530 A EP 05815530A EP 1812759 B1 EP1812759 B1 EP 1812759B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- expander
- slide
- compressor
- compressor according
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B31/00—Free-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids; Systems incorporating such pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
- F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
- F04B9/12—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air
- F04B9/129—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers
- F04B9/131—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members
- F04B9/133—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having plural pumping chambers with two mechanically connected pumping members reciprocating movement of the pumping members being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combined piston expander compressor with a plurality of pistons mechanically coupled by a piston rod.
- Such devices are used for example in thermodynamic links processes for coupling relaxation and compression of refrigerants in a cycle.
- Combined piston expander compressors are particularly advantageously used for the refrigerant carbon dioxide.
- Refrigeration systems or heat pumps with the refrigerant carbon dioxide are preferably carried out with several work-performing expansion steps, the energy is used to compress the carbon dioxide to a higher pressure.
- a piston expansion machine which discloses the free piston principle for a thermodynamic link process with work-performing expansion of the refrigerant.
- the energy for compressing the refrigerant to the high-pressure stage is generated by the work-performing depressions of several expanders.
- the pistons of the piston expansion machine and the high-pressure compressor are mechanically coupled to a common piston rod.
- the compression stage is preferably carried out in two stages, wherein the compressor of the low-pressure stage compresses the refrigerant to medium pressure and the subsequent compression to high pressure is carried out by the working expansion by means of the coupled piston expansion machine.
- Combined piston expander compressors with multi-stage expansion are constructive and manufacturing technically very elaborate devices.
- the known devices have the disadvantage that the Manufacturing tolerances in a plurality of piston arranged on a piston rod and the associated, required for controlling main and auxiliary slides must be very low to allow the proper functioning of the devices.
- the high demands on the manufacturing quality lead to exceptionally high costs and also to very difficult to handle assemblies, which lead in the assembly in practice to long assembly times and rework.
- a combined piston-expander compressor with several double-acting piston of the expander and a high-pressure compressor piston which are mechanically coupled by a piston rod, and a main spool, an auxiliary spool and a control valve for controlling the piston rod in that the main spool is constructed of a plurality of non-interconnected slider bodies.
- two outer slider body are provided, which are designed as a small piston and a large piston, being arranged between these outer Schieberkörpem control piston with controlling edges and simple slider body.
- a pressure difference acting on the outer slider body means that the main slider automatically holds together mechanically, without mechanical connections between the individual slider bodies being required.
- a driver plate is further provided on the piston rod, which is formed as a function of the dead positions of the piston rod engaging in the auxiliary slide and this moving.
- the driver plate is preferred as a circular concentric Spring steel plate formed.
- a control valve is still provided between the auxiliary slide and the main slide.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of a constructive nature can be achieved in that cylinder cover and cylinder housing are alternately provided and finally a driver housing, which are held together by tie rods. Seals, in particular metal seals, are provided between the adjacent components.
- the double-acting piston of the expander, the high-pressure compressor piston and arranged between the piston piston rod sleeves and the drive plate are connected by a central screw.
- Piston rings are preferably provided as sealing elements on the pistons and on the piston rod sleeves.
- the connection between the main spool and the expansion cylinders are designed as overflow channels in the form of bores.
- the connection between the main spool and the connectors are made as milled channels in cylinder covers or cylinder housing
- the concept of the invention is that the construction of the main slide of a plurality of non-interconnected slider bodies, a device element is formed, which can be made in a particularly efficient manner from individual parts, and which in the assembly piece by piece, without additional mechanical connections with each other in the Device can be used, so that no costly centering and positioning work for the assembly of the main spool are required. This results in significant cost and time savings from a manufacturing point of view.
- the expander consists in multi-stage relaxation according to the invention essentially of the number of stages corresponding to a plurality of double-acting piston, which are arranged in the associated cylinders.
- the relaxation work of the expander will be on the same double-acting piston of the high pressure compressor via the common piston rod transferred.
- the use of a common piston rod requires that by appropriate approaches to the cylinder covers all cylinders are aligned in order not to have to hold overly large games. Small games are basically important for the inner tightness of the machine.
- the basic idea of the invention is that a multi-part main slide is used, which however always has to be held together by corresponding pressure forces of the two outer slider bodies.
- the main spool preferably consists of three different types of spool valve, of which only the double spool, the control piston, have a controlling function.
- the outer pistons, the small piston and the large piston have different diameters for a reversal of the direction of force during reversal.
- the smaller piston is always at high pressure, the large but alternately applied with high or evaporator pressure.
- This is realized with the auxiliary slide, which is moved shortly before reaching the dead positions of the piston rod by a driver plate.
- This is designed as a circular concentric spring steel plate and firmly connected to the piston rod.
- auxiliary and main slide is still an adjustable throttle valve
- the control valve with the changeover time, the dwell time in the dead positions can be changed.
- the frequency of the expander and thus the flow rate can be influenced so that, for example, overheating at the evaporator can be regulated.
- the inner skin slider body have so-called controlling edges and control in the dead positions, the pressurization of the working piston according to the direction of movement.
- a multi-stage full pressure principle is realized, which is characterized by a filling and pushing out over the entire stroke and the one-stage expansion control with partial filling in terms of effectiveness in no way inferior.
- the decisive advantage lies in the simple control and the better force curve with direct coupling of expander and compressor.
- Fig. 1 an inventive combined piston expander compressor is shown in cross section.
- the combined piston-expander compressor consists of several cylinder covers 5, cylinder housings 10 and the driver housing 11.
- the cylinders of the expansion stages are lined up according to the temperature gradient.
- the components are held together by tie rods 12. Between the housing parts are thin, soft metal seals 13.
- the pistons of Expandernicin 3 and high-pressure compressor 14, the driver plate 8 and piston rod sleeves 15 are held together by a central screw 16. All working and sliding pistons 3, 14, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d or piston rod sleeves 15 have piston rings 17 as sealing elements. Due to the length of the bore 15 piston rings 17 are also used as sealing elements on the piston rod sleeves.
- the housing parts also numerous holes are present, for example, connect the driver housing 11 to the evaporator pressure p 0 and the small piston 6a on the main slide 6 to the high pressure p H.
- the pressure ports on the auxiliary slide 7 are realized. While the transfer ports between the main spool 6 and the expansion cylinders are designed as bores through the cylinder housings 10, milled passages in the cylinder covers and cylinder housings 5, 10 serve as connection to the connector 18.
- the high pressure compressor piston 14 compresses refrigerant from medium pressure to high pressure, with the mechanical energy for the compression process is provided by the expansion of the refrigerant via the double-acting piston 3 in the individual working spaces E 1 , E 2 and E 3 available.
- Fig. 2 the device according to the invention in the sectional view A - A with reference to Fig. 1 shown in cross section.
- the main slide 6 is shown in the connection with the auxiliary slide 7 and the control valve 9.
- the flow directions of the refrigerant are exemplified at the inputs and outputs by arrows.
- the main spool 6 with its components, small piston 6a, large piston 6b and control piston 6c and the simple Schieberkörpem 6d, is in an exploded view in Fig. 3 shown.
- the slider bodies are not mechanically connected to each other according to the concept of the invention.
- the slider bodies are held together by a pressure difference between the refrigerant acting on the small piston 6a and on the large piston 6b.
- the small piston 6a is inventively always under high pressure, whereas the large piston 6b is alternately applied with evaporation pressure or high pressure.
- control pistons 6c are double-acting and have controlling edges. They are sealed just like the simple slider body 6d with piston rings 17. Depending on the number of expansion stages, a number of control pistons 6c are provided between which simple slide bodies 6d are arranged in each case. At the outer ends of the control piston or the main spool is limited by the small piston 6a and the large piston 6b.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous because the individual control pistons 6c are constructed identically, and also the simple ones Slider body 6d are each of identical design, which reduces the manufacturing cost of the device task.
- the small piston 6a and the simple slider body 6d are structurally identical, which further reduces the cost of the device.
- Fig. 4 the cylinder housing of the high pressure compressor in cross section in the sectional configuration B - B with respect to Fig. 1 shown.
- the springs 1 and the automatic ball valves 2 can be seen in this illustration.
- Fig. 5 shows a cross section of the driver housing 11 in section C - C with respect to Fig. 1 ,
- the driver plate 8 and the auxiliary slide 7 can be seen in plan view.
- Fig. 6 a shows a cyclic process in the flow chart, which can be realized in principle with the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 6b shows a preferred application of the in the figures Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 shown combined piston expander compressor, wherein three expansion stages are provided and between the second and third expansion stage, a liquid separation is provided.
- most of the evaporators will be very far away from the remaining components of the refrigeration systems, which is why it is necessary to transport refrigerant near the ambient temperature with little heat input to the evaporators.
- only the liquid is passed from the separator between the second and third expansion stage to the throttle valves of the evaporator, since this can absorb the majority of heat of evaporation.
- the vapor content also has the main share of working capacity and will be in the subsequent stage work-relaxing and then cools the liquid flow from the separator.
- FIG. 1 shows a process in which a parallel relaxation is performed, resulting in a performance increase. Also for this process, the combined piston-expander compressor can be used advantageously, since the necessary working spaces in the illustrated embodiment of the invention are in principle present.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen kombinierten Kolben-Expander-Verdichter mit mehreren mittels einer Kolbenstange mechanisch gekoppelten Kolben. Derartige Vorrichtungen werden beispielsweise in thermodynamischen Linksprozessen zur Kopplung von Entspannung und Verdichtung von Kältemitteln in einem Kreisprozess eingesetzt.The invention relates to a combined piston expander compressor with a plurality of pistons mechanically coupled by a piston rod. Such devices are used for example in thermodynamic links processes for coupling relaxation and compression of refrigerants in a cycle.
Kombinierte Kolben-Expander-Verdichter sind insbesondere vorteilhaft einsetzbar für das Kältemittel Kohlendioxid. Kälteanlagen bzw. Wärmepumpen mit dem Kältemittel Kohlendioxid werden bevorzugt mit mehreren arbeitsleistenden Entspannungsschritten ausgeführt, deren Energie zur Verdichtung des Kohlendioxids auf einen höheren Druck genutzt wird.Combined piston expander compressors are particularly advantageously used for the refrigerant carbon dioxide. Refrigeration systems or heat pumps with the refrigerant carbon dioxide are preferably carried out with several work-performing expansion steps, the energy is used to compress the carbon dioxide to a higher pressure.
Im Stand der Technik ist aus der
Die Verdichtungsstufe wird dabei bevorzugt zweistufig ausgeführt, wobei der Verdichter der Niederdruckstufe das Kältemittel auf Mitteldruck verdichtet und die anschließende Verdichtung auf Hochdruck durch die arbeitsleistende Entspannung mittels der gekoppelten Kolbenexpansionsmaschine vorgenommen wird.In the prior art is from the
The compression stage is preferably carried out in two stages, wherein the compressor of the low-pressure stage compresses the refrigerant to medium pressure and the subsequent compression to high pressure is carried out by the working expansion by means of the coupled piston expansion machine.
Kombinierte Kolben-Expander-Verdichter mit mehrstufiger Entspannung sind konstruktiv und fertigungstechnisch sehr aufwendig gestaltete Vorrichtungen. Insbesondere haftet den bekannten Vorrichtungen der Nachteil an, dass die Fertigungstoleranzen bei mehreren auf einer Kolbenstange angeordneten Kolben und die zugehörigen, zur Steuerung erforderlichen Haupt- und Hilfsschieber sehr gering sein müssen, um das einwandfreie Funktionieren der Vorrichtungen zu ermöglichen. Die hohen Anforderungen an die Fertigungsqualität führen zu außergewöhnlich hohen Kosten und zudem zu sehr schwer handhabbaren Baugruppen, welche bei der Montage in der Praxis zu langen Montagezeiten und Nacharbeiten führen.Combined piston expander compressors with multi-stage expansion are constructive and manufacturing technically very elaborate devices. In particular, the known devices have the disadvantage that the Manufacturing tolerances in a plurality of piston arranged on a piston rod and the associated, required for controlling main and auxiliary slides must be very low to allow the proper functioning of the devices. The high demands on the manufacturing quality lead to exceptionally high costs and also to very difficult to handle assemblies, which lead in the assembly in practice to long assembly times and rework.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen kombinierten Kolben-Expander-Verdichter derart konstruktiv weiterzubilden, dass die Fertigungs- und Montagekosten durch eine einfache und robuste Konstruktion gesenkt werden können. Weiterhin ist es Ziel der Erfindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung verschiedene Prozesse realisieren zu können.It is an object of the invention to design a combined piston expander compressor such constructive that the manufacturing and assembly costs can be reduced by a simple and robust construction. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention with the device according to the invention to be able to realize various processes.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen kombinierten Kolben-Expander-Verdichter mit mehreren doppelt wirkenden Kolben des Expanders und einem Hochdruckverdichterkolben, die mittels einer Kolbenstange mechanisch gekoppelt sind, sowie einem Hauptschieber, einem Hilfsschieber und einem Regelventil zur Steuerung der Kolbenstange dadurch gelöst, dass der Hauptschieber aus mehreren nicht miteinander verbundenen Schieberkörpern aufgebaut ist. Dabei sind zwei äußere Schieberkörper vorgesehen, die als kleiner Kolben und als großer Kolben ausgeführt sind, wobei zwischen diesen äußeren Schieberkörpem Steuerkolben mit steuernden Kanten und einfache Schieberkörper angeordnet sind. Erfindungsgemäß führt eine auf die äußeren Schieberkörper wirkende Druckdifferenz dazu, dass der Hauptschieber selbsttätig mechanisch zusammenhält, ohne dass mechanische Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Schieberkörpem erforderlich sind.The object is achieved by a combined piston-expander compressor with several double-acting piston of the expander and a high-pressure compressor piston, which are mechanically coupled by a piston rod, and a main spool, an auxiliary spool and a control valve for controlling the piston rod in that the main spool is constructed of a plurality of non-interconnected slider bodies. In this case, two outer slider body are provided, which are designed as a small piston and a large piston, being arranged between these outer Schieberkörpem control piston with controlling edges and simple slider body. According to the invention, a pressure difference acting on the outer slider body means that the main slider automatically holds together mechanically, without mechanical connections between the individual slider bodies being required.
Erfindungsgemäß ist weiterhin eine Mitnehmerplatte an der Kolbenstange vorgesehen, welche in Abhängigkeit der Totlagen der Kolbenstange in den Hilfsschieber eingreifend und diesen bewegend ausgebildet ist. Die Mitnehmerplatte wird dabei bevorzugt als kreisrunde konzentrische Federstahlplatte ausgebildet. Zwischen dem Hilfsschieber und dem Hauptschieber ist weiterhin ein Regelventil vorgesehen. Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung konstruktiver Art lässt sich dadurch erreichen, dass alternierend Zylinderdeckel und Zylindergehäuse sowie abschließend ein Mitnehmergehäuse vorgesehen sind, welche durch Zuganker zusammengehalten werden. Zwischen den benachbarten Komponenten sind Dichtungen, insbesondere Metalldichtungen, vorgesehen. Die doppelt wirkenden Kolben des Expanders, der Hochdruckverdichterkolben sowie die zwischen den Kolben angeordneten Kolbenstangenhülsen sowie die Mitnehmerplatte sind mittels einer Zentralschraube miteinander verbunden. An den Kolben und an den Kolbenstangenhülsen sind bevorzugt Kolbenringe als Dichtelemente vorgesehen. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Hauptschieber und den Expansionszylindern sind als Überströmkanäle in Form von Bohrungen ausgeführt. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Hauptschieber und den Verbindern werden als gefräste Kanäle in Zylinderdeckeln bzw. Zylindergehäusen ausgeführt.According to the invention, a driver plate is further provided on the piston rod, which is formed as a function of the dead positions of the piston rod engaging in the auxiliary slide and this moving. The driver plate is preferred as a circular concentric Spring steel plate formed. Between the auxiliary slide and the main slide a control valve is still provided. A particularly preferred embodiment of a constructive nature can be achieved in that cylinder cover and cylinder housing are alternately provided and finally a driver housing, which are held together by tie rods. Seals, in particular metal seals, are provided between the adjacent components. The double-acting piston of the expander, the high-pressure compressor piston and arranged between the piston piston rod sleeves and the drive plate are connected by a central screw. Piston rings are preferably provided as sealing elements on the pistons and on the piston rod sleeves. The connection between the main spool and the expansion cylinders are designed as overflow channels in the form of bores. The connection between the main spool and the connectors are made as milled channels in cylinder covers or cylinder housings.
Die Konzeption der Erfindung besteht darin, dass durch den Aufbau des Hauptschiebers aus mehreren nicht miteinander verbundenen Schieberkörpern ein Vorrichtungselement entsteht, welches in besonders effizienter Weise aus Einzelteilen gefertigt werden kann, und welches in der Montage Stück für Stück, ohne zusätzliche mechanische Verbindungen untereinander in die Vorrichtung eingesetzt werden kann, so dass keine aufwendigen Zentrier- und Positionierarbeiten für die Montage des Hauptschiebers erforderlich sind. Damit entstehen aus fertigungstechnischer Sicht deutliche Kosten- und Zeitersparnisse.The concept of the invention is that the construction of the main slide of a plurality of non-interconnected slider bodies, a device element is formed, which can be made in a particularly efficient manner from individual parts, and which in the assembly piece by piece, without additional mechanical connections with each other in the Device can be used, so that no costly centering and positioning work for the assembly of the main spool are required. This results in significant cost and time savings from a manufacturing point of view.
Der Expander besteht bei mehrstufiger Entspannung erfindungsgemäß im Wesentlichen aus der Anzahl der Stufen entsprechend mehreren doppeltwirkenden Kolben, welche in den zugehörigen Zylindern angeordnet sind. Die Entspannungsarbeit des Expanders wird auf den ebenfalls doppeltwirkenden Kolben des Hochdruckverdichters über die gemeinsame Kolbenstange übertragen. Die Verwendung einer gemeinsamen Kolbenstange erfordert, dass durch entsprechende Ansätze an den Zylinderdeckeln alle Zylinder fluchten, um nicht übermäßig große Spiele vorhalten zu müssen. Kleine Spiele sind grundsätzlich wichtig für die innere Dichtheit der Maschine.The expander consists in multi-stage relaxation according to the invention essentially of the number of stages corresponding to a plurality of double-acting piston, which are arranged in the associated cylinders. The relaxation work of the expander will be on the same double-acting piston of the high pressure compressor via the common piston rod transferred. The use of a common piston rod requires that by appropriate approaches to the cylinder covers all cylinders are aligned in order not to have to hold overly large games. Small games are basically important for the inner tightness of the machine.
Des Weiteren wird im Gegensatz zu den bei Dampflokomotiven verwendetem separaten Steuerblock aus Hauptschieber mit Gehäuse mit relativ langen freien Überströmleitungen zu den Zylinderarbeitsräumen eine kompakte Bauweise mit paralleler Anordnung der Arbeits- und Schieberkolbenachsen realisiert, die auf Grund der damit sehr kurzen Überströmleitungen bei kleinem Schadraum große Querschnitte mit günstigen Strömungsverhältnissen bietet.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, dass ein mehrteiliger Hauptschieber verwendet wird, der aber stets durch entsprechende Druckkräfte der beiden äußeren Schieberkörper zusammengehalten werden muss. Der Hauptschieber besteht bevorzugt aus drei verschiedenen Schieberkörpertypen, wovon nur die doppelten Schieberkolben, die Steuerkolben, eine steuernde Funktion besitzen. Die äußeren Kolben, der kleine Kolben und der große Kolben, besitzen unterschiedliche Durchmesser für eine Umkehr der Kraftrichtung beim Umsteuern. Dabei ist der kleinere Kolben stets mit Hochdruck, der große jedoch wechselnd mit Hoch- bzw. Verdampferdruck beaufschlagt.
Dies wird mit dem Hilfsschieber realisiert, der kurz vor Erreichen der Totlagen der Kolbenstange durch eine Mitnehmerplatte bewegt wird. Diese ist als kreisrunde konzentrische Federstahlplatte ausgebildet und fest mit der Kolbenstange verbunden. Durch ein radiales Spiel der Mitnehmerplatte zur Verbindungsstange der beiden Anschläge des Hilfsschiebers ist garantiert, dass die Mitnehmerplatte den Hilfsschieber nur bei erreichen der Anschläge kurz vor der jeweiligen Totlage bewegt.Furthermore, in contrast to the used in steam locomotives separate control block of main spool with housing with relatively long free overflow to the cylinder working spaces a compact design with parallel arrangement of working and spool piston realized that due to the very short overflow with small dead space large cross sections offers with favorable flow conditions.
The basic idea of the invention is that a multi-part main slide is used, which however always has to be held together by corresponding pressure forces of the two outer slider bodies. The main spool preferably consists of three different types of spool valve, of which only the double spool, the control piston, have a controlling function. The outer pistons, the small piston and the large piston, have different diameters for a reversal of the direction of force during reversal. The smaller piston is always at high pressure, the large but alternately applied with high or evaporator pressure.
This is realized with the auxiliary slide, which is moved shortly before reaching the dead positions of the piston rod by a driver plate. This is designed as a circular concentric spring steel plate and firmly connected to the piston rod. By a radial clearance of the drive plate to the connecting rod of the two stops of the auxiliary slide is guaranteed that the drive plate moves the auxiliary slide just when reaching the stops just before the respective dead center.
Zwischen Hilfs- und Hauptschieber befindet sich noch ein verstellbares Drosselventil, das Regelventil, mit dem über die Umsteuerzeit die Verweilzeit in den Totlagen verändert werden kann. Dadurch wird die Frequenz des Expanders und somit der Durchsatz beeinflussbar, so dass beispielsweise die Überhitzung am Verdampfer geregelt werden kann.
Die inneren Hautschieberkörper besitzen sogenannte steuernde Kanten und steuern in den Totlagen die Druckbeaufschlagung der Arbeitskolben entsprechend der Bewegungsrichtung um. Auf diese Art wird ein mehrstufiges Volldruckprinzip realisiert, das durch ein Füllen und Ausschieben über dem gesamten Hub gekennzeichnet ist und der einstufigen Expansionssteuerung mit teilweiser Füllung in der Effektivität in nichts nachsteht. Der entscheidende Vorteil lieg in der einfachen Steuerung und dem besseren Kraftverlauf bei direkter Kopplung von Expander und Verdichter.Between auxiliary and main slide is still an adjustable throttle valve, the control valve, with the changeover time, the dwell time in the dead positions can be changed. As a result, the frequency of the expander and thus the flow rate can be influenced so that, for example, overheating at the evaporator can be regulated.
The inner skin slider body have so-called controlling edges and control in the dead positions, the pressurization of the working piston according to the direction of movement. In this way, a multi-stage full pressure principle is realized, which is characterized by a filling and pushing out over the entire stroke and the one-stage expansion control with partial filling in terms of effectiveness in no way inferior. The decisive advantage lies in the simple control and the better force curve with direct coupling of expander and compressor.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen mit Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- kombinierter Kolben-Expander-Verdichter im Querschnitt,
- Fig. 2:
- erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in der Schnittdarstellung A - A in Bezug auf
Fig. 1 im Querschnitt, - Fig. 3:
- Explosivdarstellung vom
Hauptschieber 6 mit seinen Bestandteilen,kleiner Kolben 6a,großer Kolben 6b undSteuerkolben 6c sowie deneinfachen Schieberkörpern 6d, - Fig. 4:
- Zylindergehäuse im Querschnitt in der Schnittkonfiguration B - B in Bezug auf
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 5:
- Querschnitt des Mitnehmergehäuses im Schnitt C - C in Bezug auf
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 6a:
- Kreisprozess im Fließschema mit einstufiger Entspannung,
- Fig. 6b:
- bevorzugter Kreisprozess für die Anwendung des kombinierten Kolben-Expander-Verdichters und
- Fig. 6c:
- Kreisprozess, bei dem eine parallele Entspannung ausgeführt wird.
- Fig. 1:
- Combined piston expander compressor in cross section,
- Fig. 2:
- Device according to the invention in the sectional view A - A with respect to
Fig. 1 in cross section, - 3:
- Exploded view of the
main spool 6 with its components,small piston 6a,large piston 6b andcontrol piston 6c and thesimple valve bodies 6d, - 4:
- Cylinder housing in cross section in section configuration B - B with respect to
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 5:
- Section of the driver housing in section C - C with respect to
Fig. 1 . - 6a:
- Circular process in the flow diagram with one-stage relaxation,
- Fig. 6b:
- preferred cycle for the application of the combined piston expander compressor and
- Fig. 6c:
- Circular process in which a parallel relaxation is carried out.
In
In den Gehäuseteilen sind außerdem zahlreiche Bohrungen vorhanden, die beispielsweise das Mitnehmergehäuse 11 an den Verdampferdruck p0 und den kleinen Kolben 6a am Hauptschieber 6 an den Hochdruck pH anschließen. Ebenso sind die Druckanschlüsse am Hilfsschieber 7 realisiert.
Während die Überströmkanäle zwischen Hauptschieber 6 und den Expansionszylindern durch die Zylindergehäuse 10 als Bohrungen ausgeführt sind, dienen eingefräste Kanäle in den Zylinderdeckeln und Zylindergehäusen 5, 10 als Verbindung zum Verbinder 18.In
In the housing parts also numerous holes are present, for example, connect the
While the transfer ports between the
In den Zylindergehäusen 10 sind optional Anschlüsse für Kältemittelleitungen vorgesehen, wodurch eine universelle Verwendung der Vorrichtung für verschiedene Schaltungen innerhalb von realisierbaren Prozessen ermöglicht wird.
Der Hochdruckverdichterkolben 14 komprimiert Kältemittel vom Mitteldruck auf Hochdruck, wobei die mechanische Energie für den Verdichtungsvorgang durch die Entspannung des Kältemittels über die doppelt wirkenden Kolben 3 in den einzelnen Arbeitsräumen E1, E2 und E3 zur Verfügung gestellt wird.In the
The high
In
Der Hauptschieber 6 mit seinen Bestandteilen, kleiner Kolben 6a, großer Kolben 6b und Steuerkolben 6c sowie den einfachen Schieberkörpem 6d, ist in Explosivdarstellung in
Die Schieberkörper sind gemäß der Konzeption der Erfindung nicht miteinander mechanisch verbunden. Die Schieberkörper werden über eine Druckdifferenz zwischen dem auf den kleinen Kolben 6a und auf den großen Kolben 6b wirkenden Kältemittel zusammengehalten.The slider bodies are not mechanically connected to each other according to the concept of the invention. The slider bodies are held together by a pressure difference between the refrigerant acting on the
Der kleine Kolben 6a ist dabei erfindungsgemäß immer unter Hochdruckbeaufschlagung, wohingegen der große Kolben 6b wechselweise mit Verdampfungsdruck oder Hochdruck beaufschlagt ist.The
Die Steuerkolben 6c sind doppelt wirkend und besitzen steuernde Kanten. Sie werden genau wie die einfachen Schieberkörper 6d mit Kolbenringen 17 gedichtet. Je nach der Anzahl der Expansionsstufen sind eine Anzahl von Steuerkolben 6c vorzusehen, zwischen denen jeweils einfache Schieberkörper 6d angeordnet sind. An den äußeren Enden werden die Steuerkolben bzw. wird der Hauptschieber vom kleinen Kolben 6a bzw. vom großen Kolben 6b begrenzt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist diese Ausgestaltung, weil die einzelnen Steuerkolben 6c konstruktiv identisch ausgebildet sind, und auch die einfachen Schieberkörper 6d sind jeweils von identischer Bauart, was die Herstellungskosten für die Vorrichtung aufgabengemäß reduziert.
Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind der kleine Kolben 6a und die einfachen Schieberkörper 6d konstruktiv identisch ausgeführt, was die Kosten für die Vorrichtung nochmals reduziert.The
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the
In
In der Praxis werden meist die Verdampfer sehr weit von den restlichen Baugruppen der Kälteanlagen entfernt sein, weshalb es notwendig ist, Kältemittel nahe der Umgebungstemperatur mit geringem Wärmeeinfall zu den Verdampfern zu transportieren. Dabei wird nur die Flüssigkeit aus dem Abscheider zwischen zweiter und dritter Expansionsstufe zu den Drosselventilen der Verdampfer geleitet, da diese den überwiegenden Anteil an Verdampfungswärme aufnehmen kann. Der Dampfanteil besitzt zudem den Hauptanteil an Arbeitsvermögen und wird in der nachfolgenden Stufe arbeitsleistend entspannt und kühlt anschließend noch den Flüssigkeitsstrom aus dem Abscheider.
Zur Realisierung der Prozesse gemäß
In practice, most of the evaporators will be very far away from the remaining components of the refrigeration systems, which is why it is necessary to transport refrigerant near the ambient temperature with little heat input to the evaporators. In this case, only the liquid is passed from the separator between the second and third expansion stage to the throttle valves of the evaporator, since this can absorb the majority of heat of evaporation. The vapor content also has the main share of working capacity and will be in the subsequent stage work-relaxing and then cools the liquid flow from the separator.
To realize the processes according to
Die Wirkungsweise des erfindungsgemäßen kombinierten Kolben-Expander Verdichters kann folgendermaßen umrissen werden:
- Nachdem der Niederdruckverdichter M gemäß
Fig. 6b gestartet wurde, strömt zunächst Gas in die Zylinder des Hochdruckverdichters H, da dieser mit selbsttätigen - federbelasteten Kugelventilen 1, 2 ausgestattet ist, die bei einem Druckgefälle in der gewünschten Strömungsrichtung öffnen. Da der Expander in diesem Fall noch steht werden auch die Druckventile des Hochdruckverdichters das Gas zunächst durchlassen, wodurch sich nach kurzer Zeit die Druckdifferenz über dem Expander aufbaut, wobei dieser anläuft und die Verdichtung beginnt. Entsprechend der thermodynamischen Auslegung stellen sich später die gewünschten Drücke ein.
- After the low-pressure compressor M according to
Fig. 6b was started, first gas flows into the cylinder of the high-pressure compressor H, since this is equipped with automatic - spring-loaded ball valves 1, 2, which open at a pressure gradient in the desired flow direction. Since the expander still stands in this case, the pressure valves of the high-pressure compressor initially pass the gas, which builds up the pressure difference across the expander after a short time, whereby this starts and the compression begins. According to the thermodynamic design later set the desired pressures.
- 11
- Federnfeathers
- 22
- selbsttätige Kugelventileautomatic ball valves
- 33
- doppelt wirkende Kolben des Expandersdouble-acting pistons of the expander
- 44
- gemeinsame Kolbenstangecommon piston rod
- 55
- Zylinderdeckelcylinder cover
- 66
- Hauptschiebermain slide
- 6a6a
- kleiner Kolbensmall piston
- 6b6b
- großer Kolbenbig piston
- 6c6c
- Steuerkolbenspool
- 6d6d
- einfache Schieberkörpersimple slider body
- 77
- Hilfsschieberauxiliary slide
- 88th
- Mitnehmerplattedriver plate
- 99
- Regelventil für ArbeitsfrequenzControl valve for working frequency
- 1010
- Zylindergehäusecylinder housing
- 1111
- Mitnehmergehäuseentraining
- 1212
- Zugankertie rods
- 1313
- Metalldichtungenmetal seals
- 1414
- HochdruckverdichterkolbenHigh-pressure compressor piston
- 1515
- KolbenstangenhülsenPiston rod sleeves
- 1616
- Zentralschraubecentral screw
- 1717
- Kolbenringepiston rings
- 1818
- VerbinderInterconnects
- E1 E 1
- Arbeitsräumeworkrooms
- E2 E 2
- Arbeitsräumeworkrooms
- E3 E 3
- Arbeitsräumeworkrooms
- MM
- NiederdruckverdichterLow-pressure compressor
- HH
- HochdruckverdichterHigh-pressure compressors
Claims (8)
- A combined piston expander-compressor with several double-acting pistons (3) of the expander and a high-pressure compressor piston (14), which are mechanically coupled by means of a piston rod (4), and with a main slide (6), an auxiliary slide (7) and a regulating valve (9) to control the piston rod (4), characterized in that the main slide (6) is constructed from several slide bodies (6a,6b,6c,6d) which are not connected with each other, wherein the two outer slide bodies (6a,6b) are embodied as a small piston (6a) and as a large piston (6b), and that between the outer slide bodies (6a,6b) control pistons (6c) and simple slide bodies (6d) are arranged in alignment such that a pressure difference acting on the outer slide bodies (6a,6b) automatically holds the main slide (6) together mechanically.
- The piston expander-compressor according to Claim 1, characterized in that a driver plate (8) is provided on the piston rod (4), which is embodied so as to engage in and move the auxiliary slide (7) before the dead centre positions of the piston rod (4).
- The piston expander-compressor according to Claim 2, characterized in that the driver plate (8) is embodied as a round circular concentric plate of spring steel.
- The piston expander-compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a regulating valve (9) is provided between the auxiliary slide (7) and the main slide (7).
- The piston expander-compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that cylinder covers (5) and cylinder housings (10) are provided in alternation as well as, terminally, a driver housing (11), which are held together by tension rods (12).
- The piston expander-compressor according to Claim 5, characterized in that metal seals (13) are provided between the adjacent cylinder covers (5) and cylinder housings (10) and the driver housing (11).
- The piston expander-compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the double-acting pistons (3) of the expander, the high-pressure compressor piston (14), the piston-rod sleeves (15) arranged between the pistons, and the driver plate (8) are connected with each other by means of a central bolt (16).
- The piston expander-compressor according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that piston rings (17) are provided as sealing elements on the piston-rod sleeves (15).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004056298A DE102004056298B4 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2004-11-18 | Combined piston expander compressor |
PCT/DE2005/001981 WO2006053517A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2005-10-29 | Combined piston-expander compressor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1812759A1 EP1812759A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
EP1812759B1 true EP1812759B1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
Family
ID=35892222
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05815530A Not-in-force EP1812759B1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2005-10-29 | Combined piston-expander compressor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8220381B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1812759B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE449299T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102004056298B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006053517A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015214705A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Technische Universität Dresden | Apparatus and method for performing a cold vapor process |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006010122B4 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2008-01-17 | Technische Universität Dresden | Combined piston expander compressor |
DE102011118042A1 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-16 | Blz Geotechnik Gmbh | Method for producing heat and cold in left-running cycle, with thermal compressor in e.g. refrigerating apparatus, involves vaporizing superheated steam by heat source, and conveying steam to output point of left-running cycle |
US8695335B1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2014-04-15 | Sten Kreuger | Liquid ring system and applications thereof |
US10001123B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2018-06-19 | Sten Kreuger | Fluid pressure changing device |
US11035364B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2021-06-15 | Sten Kreuger | Pressure changing device |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004101163A (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-04-02 | Tgk Co Ltd | Constant flow rate expansion valve |
DE10242271B3 (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-01-08 | Technische Universität Dresden | Piston expander |
DE10313850B4 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2009-06-04 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Dearborn | Refrigerant circuit with two-stage compression for a combined refrigeration system and heat pump operation, especially for motor vehicles |
-
2004
- 2004-11-18 DE DE102004056298A patent/DE102004056298B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-29 DE DE502005008560T patent/DE502005008560D1/en active Active
- 2005-10-29 AT AT05815530T patent/ATE449299T1/en active
- 2005-10-29 US US11/719,557 patent/US8220381B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-29 WO PCT/DE2005/001981 patent/WO2006053517A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-29 EP EP05815530A patent/EP1812759B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015214705A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Technische Universität Dresden | Apparatus and method for performing a cold vapor process |
US10254018B2 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2019-04-09 | Bitzer Kuehlmaschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus and method for carrying out a vapour refrigeration process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004056298A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
ATE449299T1 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
EP1812759A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
DE102004056298B4 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
WO2006053517A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
US20090126562A1 (en) | 2009-05-21 |
DE502005008560D1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
US8220381B2 (en) | 2012-07-17 |
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