EP2593735B1 - Dispositif de refroidissement - Google Patents

Dispositif de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2593735B1
EP2593735B1 EP11738939.5A EP11738939A EP2593735B1 EP 2593735 B1 EP2593735 B1 EP 2593735B1 EP 11738939 A EP11738939 A EP 11738939A EP 2593735 B1 EP2593735 B1 EP 2593735B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
vacuum chamber
connecting lines
cooling apparatus
coolant
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EP11738939.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2593735A2 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Wild
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Priority to PL11738939T priority Critical patent/PL2593735T3/pl
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Publication of EP2593735B1 publication Critical patent/EP2593735B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling device with a closed cooling circuit for cooling objects to semi-cryogenic temperatures of 230 K to 80 K, comprising a compressor for compressing a coolant to which the coolant is supplied in the gaseous state and from which the coolant in compressed gaseous state exits, an aftercooler downstream of the compressor, a countercurrent heat exchanger comprising a supply and a return line, which are arranged such that the compressed refrigerant in the supply line is liquefied while heating the expanded refrigerant flowing through the return line, and one with the Zu- and the return associated, cooled by the coolant cooling head in which the coolant evaporates.
  • a cooling device is for example the document EP 650574 A1 refer to.
  • the documents WO 97/33671 A1 and WO 02/01123 A1 disclose closed circuit cooling devices for cooling objects to semi-cryogenic temperatures.
  • the countercurrent heat exchanger and the cooling head are combined to form a structural unit and placed in a vacuum chamber in which the object to be cooled is also placed.
  • the arranged in the vacuum chamber countercurrent heat exchanger is integrated via flexible gas supply into the cooling circuit. Since the coolant in the flexible gas supply lines is at room temperature and only in the vacuum chamber is brought to semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures, eliminating the need for the isolation of these lines.
  • the problems associated with the transport of refrigerants cooled to semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures via flexible lines, such as icing, the formation of condensation water and the occurrence of heat losses, are thus avoided.
  • the disadvantage lies in the fact that the devices require a large vacuum chamber suitable for Many processes are undesirable or even unusable.
  • the heat exchangers used in such devices are usually several meters long and are wound in a spiral in order to achieve a certain compactness of the cooling head with the heat exchanger. Nevertheless, the heat exchangers are relatively large even at low power (eg -130 ° C at 30W) (about 200mm high with a diameter of 80mm). Furthermore, such a cooling system requires a good vacuum system, since the volume of the vacuum chamber must be correspondingly large.
  • the invention therefore aims to improve a cooling device such that a cooling of an object in an efficient manner to the lowest possible semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures succeeds, the vacuum chamber should be designed as small and handy as possible and at the same time achieves a significant increase in performance should be (eg instead of 30W / 140K, 200W / 140K). Furthermore, the losses during transport of the coolant should be kept as low as possible.
  • the cooling device of the type mentioned is according to the invention substantially further developed in that the cooling head is arranged in a connectable to a vacuum source vacuum chamber, the flexible Connecting lines is connected to the inlet and the return line of the countercurrent heat exchanger, so that the countercurrent heat exchanger is arranged outside the vacuum chamber.
  • the invention is thus based on the idea of using the conventional mixed-JT process and carrying out the process of liquefying the coolant by means of the countercurrent heat exchanger separated from the vacuum chamber. The liquefaction of the coolant thus takes place outside the vacuum chamber, wherein the liquefied coolant is supplied to the vacuum chamber via flexible connecting lines. It is only necessary to ensure that the heat exchanger and the connecting lines are suitably thermally insulated.
  • the heat exchanger can be isolated, for example, by means of its own vacuum chamber with vacuum pump or more easily by means of expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation, polyurethane (PUR) insulation or by means of a vacuum insulation panel (VIP).
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • XPS extruded polystyrene
  • PUR polyurethane
  • VIP vacuum insulation panel
  • the cooling unit and the cooling head are formed as a functionally separate units, so that in the cooling head itself no bulky components of the cooling unit, such as For example, a countercurrent heat exchanger od. Like., Must be arranged.
  • a particularly simple handling is ensured by the fact that the compressor, the aftercooler and the countercurrent heat exchanger are arranged together in a stand-alone unit, whose housing has a passage for connecting the countercurrent heat exchanger with the vacuum chamber connecting lines.
  • the radiator with the interposition of a throttle element, is connected to the supply line of the countercurrent heat exchanger so that the necessary pressure reduction of the refrigerant takes place and the liquefied coolant can evaporate in the refrigeration head.
  • the connecting line connecting the supply line of the countercurrent heat exchanger with the cooling head forms the throttle element.
  • the connecting lines have a vacuum insulation.
  • the vacuum chamber and the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines are in direct contact with each other and can be connected to a common vacuum source.
  • the vacuum system of the vacuum chamber is used to suitably the refrigerant to isolate on the transport between the vacuum chamber or the cooling head and the cooling reservoir and to make a vacuum feedthrough.
  • the vacuum chamber itself is located on the connecting lines mounted cooling head (eg copper) through which the refrigerant (eg liquid nitrogen) is coming from the connecting lines coming.
  • the existing vacuum chamber is expanded by the relatively small volume of the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines and at the same time created a vacuum connection between the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines and the vacuum chamber.
  • the problem of the vacuum feedthrough and the insulation of the connecting lines is achieved with little effort and expense.
  • the vacuum chamber has a passage for the connecting lines, which is designed such that the cavity of the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines is in communication with the interior of the vacuum chamber.
  • the refrigerant-carrying pipe is appropriately led out of the vacuum insulation, as well as vacuum-insulated pipes known from the prior art. It is particularly important to pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the cladding tube of the vacuum insulation and the heat transfer surface. A good vacuum welding during the transition is also important. This transition, which should cause low heat transfer losses, can be further protected by conventional insulation against condensation or ice.
  • the vacuum insulation comprises an enveloping tube surrounding the connecting lines to form a preferably substantially annular cavity.
  • the buffer tube can be flexible as well as the connecting lines.
  • the embodiment is preferably designed such that at least one spacer is arranged in the hollow space between the connecting lines and the enveloping hose.
  • the spacer has a corrugated outer and inner contour, it is ensured that between spacers on the one hand and the buffer tube and the connecting lines on the other hand only point or linear contacts arise, due to such Hertzian contacts the heat input can be further reduced from the outside.
  • a particularly simple structure is achieved according to a preferred embodiment, when the common vacuum source is connected to the vacuum chamber.
  • a surrounding surrounding, in particular tubular spacer is arranged, which defines the distance between the cooling head and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, wherein the spacer has radial openings, so that the interior of the vacuum chamber with the cavity of the vacuum insulation the connecting lines communicates.
  • the coolant preferably comprises butane and / or isobutane and / or propane and / or propene and / or ethyne and / or ethane and / or ethene and / or methane and / or argon and / or nitrogen.
  • FIG.1 a closed cooling circuit with a cooling unit and a cooling head
  • Fig.2 a sectional view of the cooling head with the connecting lines
  • Figure 3 a section along the line III-III of Fig.2 ,
  • the cooling circuit shown is usually referred to as the mixed gas joule Thomson cooling process and is for example in the document EP 650574 A1 described.
  • the cooling circuit comprises a compressor 1 for compressing the gaseously supplied refrigerant in 2.
  • the refrigerant may be, for example, a gas mixture consisting of propane, ethane, methane and nitrogen.
  • the compressed refrigerant is fed via a line 3 to an oil separator 4, with which the possibly in the compressor 1 with the refrigerant mixing oil is separated.
  • the oil purified by the oil is then fed to an aftercooler 5, in which the heat supplied to the compressor 1 is removed from the refrigerant.
  • the cooled, compressed, but still mostly gaseous refrigerant is then fed via a line 6 to a countercurrent heat exchanger 7, in which the coolant flowing through the refrigerant supply line 8 is cooled and liquefied by the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant return line 9.
  • the refrigerant supply line 8 and the refrigerant return line 9 may in practice be several meters long and are often helically or spirally wound in order to achieve a certain compactness of the heat flow heat exchanger.
  • the liquefied refrigerant is depressurized via a throttle 10, so that the refrigerant in the cooling head 11 evaporate and thereby escape the environment evaporation heat.
  • the cooling head 11 is from Coolant flows through and is therefore designed for example as a hollow cylinder.
  • the flowing back from the cooling head 11 refrigerant is heated in countercurrent heat exchanger 7 in the sequence up to room temperature, wherein the refluxing refrigerant cools the flowing refrigerant.
  • the cooling head 11 is therefore made of a thermally conductive material such as copper.
  • the cooling head 11 is connected via connecting lines 13 and 14 to the counterflow heat exchanger 7, so that the cooling unit 15 and the cooling head 11 arranged in a vacuum chamber 16 can be realized as separate structural units.
  • the inventive construction makes it necessary that the cooled and liquefied in the heat exchanger 7 refrigerant is transported via the connecting lines 13 and 14 over a more or less long distance, so that a sufficient insulation of the connecting lines must be ensured.
  • the cooling head with vacuum chamber and the connecting lines are shown in detail.
  • the connecting lines 13 and 14 have a vacuum insulation 17 whose evacuated interior is in communication with the interior of the vacuum chamber 16.
  • the connecting lines 13 and 14 may be formed as flexible tubes to improve the handling.
  • the vacuum insulation 17 of the connecting line has a flexible Hüllschlauch 18, which may be formed for example as a stainless steel corrugated pipe, which preferably has a steel jacket.
  • spacers 19 may be arranged, which may also be made flexible.
  • the spacers 19 preferably have a corrugated outer contour, so that due to the line contacts achieved with the cladding tube 18 and the connecting lines 13 and 14, the heat transfer is minimized.
  • the spacer 19 thus serves the mechanical and thus thermal decoupling of the connecting lines 13 and 14 to the cladding tube 18. It should be sufficiently flexible, temperature stable, resistant to aging and degassing (eg Teflon, plastic, stainless steel).
  • Teflon, plastic, stainless steel eg Teflon, plastic, stainless steel.
  • the connecting lines 13 and 14 are led out of the vacuum insulation 17.
  • Low thermal losses at the transition point 20 should be taken into account. This can be achieved by materials with low thermal conductivity and a low transition cross-section (eg stainless steel).
  • the interface 20 may be protected by conventional thermal insulation materials (eg, foamed polystyrene, Amaflex).
  • the connecting lines 13 and 14 may be thermally coupled.
  • the connecting lines 13 and 14 can alternatively be guided into each other.
  • the coolant may experience a pressure reduction along the supply line, so that the refrigerant is evaporated in the cooling head as in compression refrigerating machines and heat is dissipated. In this case, the supply line is immediately throttle body.
  • the vacuum insulation 17 is connected to a vacuum flange 21, through which the connecting lines 13 and 14 are passed and fed to the cooling head 11.
  • a spacer 22 is disposed between the cooling head 11 and the vacuum flange 21, which may for example consist of Teflon, ceramic or stainless steel and ausgasungsbesthow, low temperature suitable, should be resistant to embrittlement and aging. It is on a sufficient thermal decoupling of the spacer 22 from the vacuum flange 21 and a good atmospheric permeability to the cladding tube 18.
  • the spacer 22 has a plurality of radial openings 24, so that the evacuated interior of the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines with the evacuated interior of the vacuum chamber 16 is in a conductive connection.
  • a flange for connection to a vacuum pump is indicated at 23.
  • the cooling head When the cooling head flows through coolant evenly and when the cooling head is mechanically stabilized by means of spacers, the cooling head is extremely low in vibration.
  • Typical applications for the invention are the cooling of high-power laser amplifiers and various cooling tasks in analytical chemistry, in the field of superconductivity, astronomy and in general in research and development as well as in medical diagnostics.

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif de refroidissement ayant un circuit de refroidissement fermé pour refroidir des objets à des températures semi-cryogéniques ou cryogéniques de 230 K à 80 K, comprenant un compresseur pour comprimer un agent réfrigérant, auquel l'agent réfrigérant est acheminé à l'état gazeux et duquel l'agent réfrigérant sort à l'état gazeux comprimé, un refroidisseur secondaire monté après le compresseur, duquel l'agent réfrigérant sort à l'état en grande partie gazeux, un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant comprenant une conduite d'alimentation et une conduite de retour, qui sont agencées de sorte que l'agent réfrigérant comprimé puisse se liquéfier dans la conduite d'alimentation en chauffant l'agent réfrigérant détendu s'écoulant à travers la conduite de retour, et une tête de refroidissement traversée par l'agent réfrigérant et qui est en communication avec la conduite d'alimentation et la conduite de retour, dans laquelle tête l'agent réfrigérant se vaporise, caractérisé en ce que la tête de refroidissement (11) est agencée dans une chambre à vide (16) qui peut être raccordée à une source de dépression, laquelle chambre est raccordée à la conduite d'alimentation et à la conduite de retour (8, 9) de l'échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant (7) via des conduites de raccordement souples (13, 14), de sorte que l'échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant est agencé en dehors de la chambre à vide, dans lequel le compresseur (1), le refroidisseur secondaire (5) et l'échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant (7) sont agencés conjointement dans un appareil sur pied, dont le boîtier présente une traversée pour les conduites de raccordement (13, 14) raccordant l'échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant (7) à la chambre à vide (16)
  2. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tête de refroidissement (11) est raccordée à la conduite d'alimentation (8) de l'échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant (7) en intercalant un organe d'étranglement (10).
  3. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de raccordement (13) raccordant la conduite d'alimentation (8) de l'échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant (7) à la tête de refroidissement (11) forme l'organe d'étranglement (10).
  4. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les conduites de raccordement (13, 14) présentent un isolement sous vide (17).
  5. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'isolement sous vide (17) comprend un tuyau de gainage (18) entourant les conduites de raccordement (13, 14) en formant un espace creux sensiblement annulaire, dans lequel l'espace creux peut être raccordé à une source de dépression.
  6. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la chambre à vide (16) et l'isolement sous vide (17) des conduites de raccordement (13, 14) sont directement raccordés l'un(e) à l'autre et peuvent être raccordés à une source de dépression commune.
  7. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 4, 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la chambre à vide (16) présente une traversée pour les conduites de raccordement (13, 14) qui est conçue de sorte que l'espace creux de l'isolement sous vide (17) des conduites de raccordement (13, 14) soit raccordé à l'espace interne de la chambre à vide (16).
  8. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une entretoise (19) est agencée dans l'espace creux entre les conduites de raccordement (13, 14) et le tuyau de gainage (18).
  9. Dispositif de refroidissement selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'entretoise (19) présente un contour externe et interne ondulé.
  10. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la chambre à vide (16) présente une jonction (23) pour assurer la jonction avec la source de dépression commune.
  11. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que, dans la chambre à vide (16), une entretoise (22) entourant la traversée, en particulier tubulaire est agencée, qui définit la distance entre la tête de refroidissement (11) et la paroi interne de la chambre à vide (16), dans lequel l'entretoise (22) présente des percements radiaux (24) de sorte que l'espace interne de la chambre à vide (16) soit raccordé à l'espace creux de l'isolement sous vide (17) des conduites de raccordement (13, 14).
  12. Dispositif de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'agent réfrigérant comprend du butane et/ou de l'isobutane et/ou du propane et/ou du propène et/ou de l'éthine et/ou de l'éthane et/ou de l'éthène et/ou du méthane et/ou de l'argon et/ou de l'azote.
EP11738939.5A 2010-07-12 2011-07-12 Dispositif de refroidissement Active EP2593735B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11738939T PL2593735T3 (pl) 2010-07-12 2011-07-12 Urządzenie chłodzące

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1177/2010A AT510064B1 (de) 2010-07-12 2010-07-12 Kühlvorrichtung
PCT/AT2011/000298 WO2012006645A2 (fr) 2010-07-12 2011-07-12 Dispositif de refroidissement

Publications (2)

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EP2593735A2 EP2593735A2 (fr) 2013-05-22
EP2593735B1 true EP2593735B1 (fr) 2018-12-26

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EP11738939.5A Active EP2593735B1 (fr) 2010-07-12 2011-07-12 Dispositif de refroidissement

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US9851126B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2593735B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT510064B1 (fr)
CY (1) CY1121387T1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2717632T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE041997T2 (fr)
LT (1) LT2593735T (fr)
PL (1) PL2593735T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012006645A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102629728A (zh) * 2012-04-05 2012-08-08 清华大学 采用柔性约束的固体激光器

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60306281T2 (de) * 2002-09-12 2007-04-26 Cryocor, Inc., San Diego Kühlquelle für Kryoablationskatheter

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Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60306281T2 (de) * 2002-09-12 2007-04-26 Cryocor, Inc., San Diego Kühlquelle für Kryoablationskatheter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9851126B2 (en) 2017-12-26
AT510064B1 (de) 2012-04-15
PL2593735T3 (pl) 2019-06-28
LT2593735T (lt) 2019-03-12
HUE041997T2 (hu) 2019-06-28
EP2593735A2 (fr) 2013-05-22
US20130205826A1 (en) 2013-08-15
WO2012006645A3 (fr) 2012-11-22
WO2012006645A2 (fr) 2012-01-19
ES2717632T3 (es) 2019-06-24
AT510064A1 (de) 2012-01-15
CY1121387T1 (el) 2020-05-29

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