EP2593735B1 - Cooling apparatus - Google Patents
Cooling apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2593735B1 EP2593735B1 EP11738939.5A EP11738939A EP2593735B1 EP 2593735 B1 EP2593735 B1 EP 2593735B1 EP 11738939 A EP11738939 A EP 11738939A EP 2593735 B1 EP2593735 B1 EP 2593735B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- vacuum chamber
- connecting lines
- cooling apparatus
- coolant
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 82
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetylene Chemical compound C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 TeflonĀ® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine KĆ¼hlvorrichtung mit einem geschlossenen KĆ¼hlkreislauf zum KĆ¼hlen von Objekten auf semi-kryogene bzw. kryogene Temperaturen von 230 K bis 80 K umfassend einen Kompressor zum Komprimieren eines KĆ¼hlmittels, dem das KĆ¼hlmittel in gasfƶrmigem Zustand zugefĆ¼hrt ist und aus dem das KĆ¼hlmittel in verdichtetem gasfƶrmigen Zustand austritt, einen dem Kompressor nachgeschalteten NachkĆ¼hler, einen GegenstromwƤrmetauscher umfassend eine Zu- und eine RĆ¼ckleitung, die derart angeordnet sind, dass das verdichtete KĆ¼hlmittel in der Zuleitung unter ErwƤrmung des durch die RĆ¼ckleitung flieĆenden entspannten KĆ¼hlmittels verflĆ¼ssigbar ist, und einen mit der Zu- und der RĆ¼ckleitung in Verbindung stehenden, vom KĆ¼hlmittel durchstrƶmten KĆ¼hlkopf, in dem das KĆ¼hlmittel verdampft.
Eine derartige KĆ¼hlvorrichtung ist beispielsweise dem Dokument
Such a cooling device is for example the document
Die Erfindung zielt daher darauf ab, eine KĆ¼hlvorrichtung derart zu verbessern, dass eine AbkĆ¼hlung eines Objekts in effizienter Weise auf mƶglichst tiefe semi-kryogene bzw. kryogene Temperaturen gelingt, wobei die Vakuumkammer gleichzeitig mƶglichst klein und handlich ausgebildet sein soll und zugleich eine wesentliche Leistungssteigerung erzielt werden soll (z.B. statt 30W/140K, 200W/140K). Weiters sollen die Verluste beim Transport des KĆ¼hlmittels mƶglichst gering gehalten werden.The invention therefore aims to improve a cooling device such that a cooling of an object in an efficient manner to the lowest possible semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures succeeds, the vacuum chamber should be designed as small and handy as possible and at the same time achieves a significant increase in performance should be (eg instead of 30W / 140K, 200W / 140K). Furthermore, the losses during transport of the coolant should be kept as low as possible.
Zur Lƶsung dieser Aufgabe ist die KĆ¼hlvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemĆ¤Ć im Wesentlichen dahingehend weitergebildet, dass der KĆ¼hlkopf in einer mit einer Unterdruckquelle verbindbaren Vakuumkammer angeordnet ist, die Ć¼ber flexible Verbindungsleitungen mit der Zu- und der RĆ¼ckleitung des GegenstromwƤrmetauschers verbunden ist, sodass der GegenstromwƤrmetauscher auĆerhalb der Vakuumkammer angeordnet ist. Die Erfindung beruht also auf der Idee, das herkƶmmliche Mixed JT-Verfahren zu nutzen und den Prozess der VerflĆ¼ssigung des KĆ¼hlmittels mittels des GegenstromwƤrmetauschers abgetrennt von der Vakuumkammer durchzufĆ¼hren. Die VerflĆ¼ssigung des KĆ¼hlmittels erfolgt somit auĆerhalb der Vakuumkammer, wobei das verflĆ¼ssigte KĆ¼hlmittel der Vakuumkammer Ć¼ber flexible Verbindungsleitungen zugefĆ¼hrt wird. Dabei ist lediglich dafĆ¼r Sorge zu tragen, dass der WƤrmetauscher und die Verbindungsleitungen in geeigneter Weise thermisch isoliert sind. Der WƤrmetauscher kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer eigenen Vakuumkammer mit Vakuumpumpe oder einfacher mittels DƤmmstoffen aus expandiertem Polystyrol (EPS), DƤmmstoffen aus extrudiertem Polystyrol (XPS), DƤmmstoffen aus Polyurethan (PUR) oder mittels einer VakuumdƤmmplatte (VIP) isoliert werden. Da die KĆ¼hlleistungen auf Grund der erfindungsgemƤĆen Ausbildung vervielfacht werden kƶnnen, spielen Verluste auf Grund einer allenfalls schlechteren Isolierung des WƤrmetauschers nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Es wurden z.B. Leistungen auf einem KĆ¼hlkopf mit (Zylinder: H 35mm x D 35mm) 300W/140K realisiert. Dies entspricht einer Verzehnfachung der KƤlteleistung bei einer Volumenverkleinerung um das ca. 30fache. Zur besseren thermischen Isolierung, insbesondere bei tieferen Temperaturen kann in die Isolierung des WƤrmetauschers eine temperaturstrahlungsreflektierende Schicht aus Aluminiumfolie oder gleichwertigem Material eingebracht werden. Es ergibt sich dabei beispielsweise ein Schichtaufbau EPS, Aluminiumfolie, EPS, Aluminiumfolie,...To solve this problem, the cooling device of the type mentioned is according to the invention substantially further developed in that the cooling head is arranged in a connectable to a vacuum source vacuum chamber, the flexible Connecting lines is connected to the inlet and the return line of the countercurrent heat exchanger, so that the countercurrent heat exchanger is arranged outside the vacuum chamber. The invention is thus based on the idea of using the conventional mixed-JT process and carrying out the process of liquefying the coolant by means of the countercurrent heat exchanger separated from the vacuum chamber. The liquefaction of the coolant thus takes place outside the vacuum chamber, wherein the liquefied coolant is supplied to the vacuum chamber via flexible connecting lines. It is only necessary to ensure that the heat exchanger and the connecting lines are suitably thermally insulated. The heat exchanger can be isolated, for example, by means of its own vacuum chamber with vacuum pump or more easily by means of expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation, polyurethane (PUR) insulation or by means of a vacuum insulation panel (VIP). Since the cooling performance can be multiplied due to the formation of the invention, losses due to a possibly worse insulation of the heat exchanger play only a minor role. For example, performances were realized on a cooling head with (cylinder: H 35mm x D 35mm) 300W / 140K. This corresponds to a tenfold increase in cooling capacity with a reduction in volume of approximately 30 times. For better thermal insulation, in particular at lower temperatures, a temperature radiation-reflecting layer of aluminum foil or equivalent material can be introduced into the insulation of the heat exchanger. This results, for example, in a layer structure EPS, aluminum foil, EPS, aluminum foil, ...
Auf Grund der erfindungsgemƤĆen Ausbildung ergibt sich die Mƶglichkeit, das KĆ¼hlaggregat und den KĆ¼hlkopf als funktional voneinander getrennte Einheiten auszubilden, sodass im KĆ¼hlkopf selbst keine groĆbauenden Komponenten des KĆ¼hlaggregats, wie beispielsweise ein GegenstromwƤrmetauscher od. dgl., angeordnet werden mĆ¼ssen. Dies ermƶglicht es weiters, ein den jeweiligen BedĆ¼rfnissen entsprechendes KĆ¼hlaggregat mit der jeweils erforderlichen KĆ¼hlleistung vorzusehen, ohne dass der KĆ¼hlkopf in irgendeiner Weise angepasst werden muss und ohne dass die Handhabbarkeit des KĆ¼hlkopfes in irgendeiner Weise beeintrƤchtigt wird.
Eine besonders einfache Handhabbarkeit wird dadurch gewƤhrleistet, dass der Kompressor, der NachkĆ¼hler und der GegenstromwƤrmetauscher gemeinsam in einem StandgerƤt angeordnet sind, dessen GehƤuse eine DurchfĆ¼hrung fĆ¼r die den GegenstromwƤrmetauscher mit der Vakuumkammer verbindenden Verbindungsleitungen aufweist.
Wesentlich beim Mixed Gas Joule Thomson KĆ¼hlaggregat ist, dass der KĆ¼hler unter Zwischenschaltung eines Drosselorgans mit der Zuleitung des GegenstromwƤrmetauschers in Verbindung steht, damit die nƶtige Druckreduktion des KƤltemittels erfolgt und das verflĆ¼ssigte KĆ¼hlmittel im KƤltekopf verdampfen kann. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Konstruktion sieht in diesem Zusammenhang vor, dass die die Zuleitung des GegenstromwƤrmetauschers mit dem KĆ¼hlkopf verbindende Verbindungsleitung das Drosselorgan bildet.
Um die thermischen Verluste beim Transport des KĆ¼hlmittels durch die Verbindungsleitungen zu minimieren, ist gemĆ¤Ć einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Verbindungsleitungen eine Vakuumisolierung aufweisen. Bevorzugt kann dabei vorgesehen sein, dass die Vakuumkammer und die Vakuumisolierung der Verbindungsleitungen miteinander unmittelbar in Verbindung stehen und mit einer gemeinsamen Unterdruckquelle verbindbar sind. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Vakuumsystem der Vakuumkammer genutzt wird, um in geeigneter Form das KƤltemittel auf dem Transport zwischen der Vakuumkammer bzw. dem KĆ¼hlkopf und dem KĆ¼hlreservoir zu isolieren und eine VakuumdurchfĆ¼hrung zu gestalten. In der Vakuumkammer selbst befindet sich der an den Verbindungsleitungen angebrachte KĆ¼hlkopf (z.B. aus Kupfer), durch welchen das KƤltemittel (z.B. flĆ¼ssiger Stickstoff) von den Verbindungsleitungen kommend geleitet wird. Dabei wird die bestehende Vakuumkammer um das relativ geringe Volumen der Vakuumisolierung der Verbindungsleitungen erweitert und gleichzeitig eine Vakuumverbindung zwischen der Vakuumisolierung der Verbindungsleitungen und der Vakuumkammer geschaffen. Somit wird das Problem der VakuumdurchfĆ¼hrung und die Isolation der Verbindungsleitungen mit geringem Aufwand und Kosten gelƶst. Bevorzugt ist dabei vorgesehen, dass die Vakuumkammer eine DurchfĆ¼hrung fĆ¼r die Verbindungsleitungen aufweist, die derart gestaltet ist, dass der Hohlraum der Vakuumisolierung der Verbindungsleitungen mit dem Innenraum der Vakuumkammer in Verbindung steht.Due to the construction according to the invention, there is the possibility to form the cooling unit and the cooling head as a functionally separate units, so that in the cooling head itself no bulky components of the cooling unit, such as For example, a countercurrent heat exchanger od. Like., Must be arranged. This makes it possible, furthermore, to provide a cooling unit, which corresponds to the respective requirements, with the required cooling power in each case, without the cooling head having to be adapted in any way and without the handling of the cooling head being impaired in any way.
A particularly simple handling is ensured by the fact that the compressor, the aftercooler and the countercurrent heat exchanger are arranged together in a stand-alone unit, whose housing has a passage for connecting the countercurrent heat exchanger with the vacuum chamber connecting lines.
Essential in the case of the Mixed Gas Joule Thomson refrigeration unit is that the radiator, with the interposition of a throttle element, is connected to the supply line of the countercurrent heat exchanger so that the necessary pressure reduction of the refrigerant takes place and the liquefied coolant can evaporate in the refrigeration head. A particularly advantageous construction in this context provides that the connecting line connecting the supply line of the countercurrent heat exchanger with the cooling head forms the throttle element.
In order to minimize the thermal losses during transport of the coolant through the connecting lines, it is provided according to a preferred development of the invention that the connecting lines have a vacuum insulation. Preferably, it can be provided that the vacuum chamber and the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines are in direct contact with each other and can be connected to a common vacuum source. This has the advantage that the vacuum system of the vacuum chamber is used to suitably the refrigerant to isolate on the transport between the vacuum chamber or the cooling head and the cooling reservoir and to make a vacuum feedthrough. In the vacuum chamber itself is located on the connecting lines mounted cooling head (eg copper) through which the refrigerant (eg liquid nitrogen) is coming from the connecting lines coming. In this case, the existing vacuum chamber is expanded by the relatively small volume of the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines and at the same time created a vacuum connection between the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines and the vacuum chamber. Thus, the problem of the vacuum feedthrough and the insulation of the connecting lines is achieved with little effort and expense. It is preferably provided that the vacuum chamber has a passage for the connecting lines, which is designed such that the cavity of the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines is in communication with the interior of the vacuum chamber.
Am anderen Ende der Verbindungsleitungen, d.h. auf der Seite des KƤltereservoir, wird die kƤltemittelfĆ¼hrende Leitung aus der Vakuumisolierung, wie auch bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten vakuumisolierten Rohren geeignet herausgefĆ¼hrt. Dabei ist insbesondere auf die WƤrmeleitfƤhigkeit des HĆ¼llrohres der Vakuumisolierung und der WƤrmeĆ¼bertragungsflƤche zu achten. Auf eine gute VakuumverschweiĆung beim Ćbergang ist ebenso zu achten. Dieser Ćbergang, der geringe WƤrmeĆ¼bertragungsverluste verursachen sollte, kann durch herkƶmmliche Isolationsmittel gegen Kondenswasser oder Eis zusƤtzlich geschĆ¼tzt werden.At the other end of the connection lines, i. on the side of the cold reservoir, the refrigerant-carrying pipe is appropriately led out of the vacuum insulation, as well as vacuum-insulated pipes known from the prior art. It is particularly important to pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the cladding tube of the vacuum insulation and the heat transfer surface. A good vacuum welding during the transition is also important. This transition, which should cause low heat transfer losses, can be further protected by conventional insulation against condensation or ice.
Auf Grund der beschriebenen Ausbildung ist es nun mƶglich, ƤuĆerst effizient, platzsparend (volumensparend), je nach Dimensionierung des jeweiligen KĆ¼hlaggregats beliebige KƤlteleistungen in eine Vakuumkammer einzuleiten.Due to the described training, it is now possible extremely efficient, space-saving (volume-saving), depending on the dimensions of the respective cooling unit to initiate any refrigeration capacity in a vacuum chamber.
Ein besonders einfacher Aufbau der Vakuumisolierung der Verbindungsleitungen wird erreicht, wenn, wie dies einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung entspricht, die Vakuumisolierung einen die Verbindungsleitungen unter Ausbildung eines vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen ringfƶrmigen Hohlraumes umgebenden HĆ¼llschlauch umfasst. Der HĆ¼llschlauch kann genau so wie die Verbindungsleitungen flexibel sein. Um zu verhindern, dass die Verbindungsleitungen den HĆ¼llschlauch berĆ¼hren, was zu einem unerwĆ¼nschten WƤrmeĆ¼bergang fĆ¼hren wĆ¼rde, ist die Ausbildung bevorzugt derart ausgebildet, dass im Hohlraum zwischen den Verbindungsleitungen und dem HĆ¼llschlauch wenigstens ein Abstandhalter angeordnet ist. Wenn, wie dies bevorzugt vorgesehen ist, der Abstandhalter eine gewellte AuĆen- und Innenkontur aufweist, wird sichergestellt, dass zwischen Abstandhalter einerseits und dem HĆ¼llschlauch und den Verbindungsleitungen andererseits lediglich punkt- oder linienfƶrmige Kontakte entstehen, wobei auf Grund derartiger Hertz'scher Kontakte der WƤrmeintrag von auĆen weiter verringert werden kann.A particularly simple construction of the vacuum insulation of the connecting lines is achieved if, as is the case with a preferred development of the invention, the vacuum insulation comprises an enveloping tube surrounding the connecting lines to form a preferably substantially annular cavity. The buffer tube can be flexible as well as the connecting lines. In order to prevent the connecting lines from touching the enveloping hose, which would lead to an undesirable heat transfer, the embodiment is preferably designed such that at least one spacer is arranged in the hollow space between the connecting lines and the enveloping hose. If, as is preferably provided, the spacer has a corrugated outer and inner contour, it is ensured that between spacers on the one hand and the buffer tube and the connecting lines on the other hand only point or linear contacts arise, due to such Hertzian contacts the heat input can be further reduced from the outside.
Ein besonders einfacher Aufbau wird gemĆ¤Ć einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung erreicht, wenn die gemeinsame Unterdruckquelle an die Vakuumkammer angeschlossen ist.A particularly simple structure is achieved according to a preferred embodiment, when the common vacuum source is connected to the vacuum chamber.
Weiters ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass in der Vakuumkammer ein die DurchfĆ¼hrung umgebender, insbesondere rohrfƶrmiger Abstandhalter angeordnet ist, der den Abstand zwischen dem KĆ¼hlkopf und der Innenwand der Vakuumkammer definiert, wobei der Abstandhalter radiale Durchbrechungen aufweist, sodass der Innenraum der Vakuumkammer mit dem Hohlraum der Vakuumisolierung der Verbindungsleitungen in Verbindung steht.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that in the vacuum chamber a surrounding surrounding, in particular tubular spacer is arranged, which defines the distance between the cooling head and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber, wherein the spacer has radial openings, so that the interior of the vacuum chamber with the cavity of the vacuum insulation the connecting lines communicates.
Bevorzugt umfasst das KĆ¼hlmittel Butan und/oder Iso-Butan und/oder Propan und/oder Propen und/oder Ethin und/oder Ethan und/oder Ethen und/oder Methan und/oder Argon und/oder Stickstoff .The coolant preferably comprises butane and / or isobutane and / or propane and / or propene and / or ethyne and / or ethane and / or ethene and / or methane and / or argon and / or nitrogen.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispielen nƤher erlƤutert. In dieser zeigt
Der in
ErfindungsgemĆ¤Ć ist der KĆ¼hlkopf 11 Ć¼ber Verbindungsleitungen 13 und 14 mit dem GegenstromwƤrmetauscher 7 verbunden, sodass das KĆ¼hlaggregat 15 und der in einer Vakuumkammer 16 angeordnete KĆ¼hlkopf 11 als voneinander gesonderte bauliche Einheiten realisiert werden kƶnnen. Die erfindungsgemƤĆe Ausbildung macht es erforderlich, dass das im WƤrmetauscher 7 gekĆ¼hlte und verflĆ¼ssigte KƤltemittel Ć¼ber die Verbindungsleitungen 13 und 14 Ć¼ber eine mehr oder minder lange Strecke transportiert wird, sodass eine ausreichende Isolation der Verbindungsleitungen sichergestellt werden muss.According to the invention, the cooling
In
Die Verbindungsleitungen 13 und 14 kƶnnen thermisch gekoppelt sein. Die Verbindungsleitungen 13 und 14 kƶnnen alternativ auch ineinander gefĆ¼hrt werden. Je nach Querschnitt und LƤnge der Verbindungsleitung 13 kann das KĆ¼hlmittel eine Druckreduktion entlang der Zuleitung erfahren, sodass das KƤltemittel wie bei KompressionskƤltemaschinen im KĆ¼hlkopf verdampft und WƤrme abgefĆ¼hrt wird. In diesem Fall ist die Zuleitung sogleich Drosselorgan.The connecting
Die Vakuumisolierung 17 ist mit einem Vakuumflansch 21 verbunden, durch welchen die Verbindungsleitungen 13 und 14 hindurchgefĆ¼hrt und dem KĆ¼hlkopf 11 zugefĆ¼hrt sind. Um die mechanische StabilitƤt des KĆ¼hlkopfs 11 zu verbessern, ist zwischen dem KĆ¼hlkopf 11 und dem Vakuumflansch 21 ein Abstandhalter 22 angeordnet, der beispielsweise aus Teflon, Keramik oder Edelstahl bestehen kann und ausgasungsbestƤndig, tieftemperaturgeeignet, versprƶdungsbestƤndig und alterungsbestƤndig sein sollte. Dabei ist auf eine ausreichende thermische Entkopplung des Abstandshalters 22 vom Vakuumflansch 21 zu achten und auf eine gute atmosphƤrische DurchlƤssigkeit zum HĆ¼llrohr 18. In der Querschnittsansicht gemƤĆ
Bei gleichmƤĆig mit KĆ¼hlmittel durchstrƶmtem KĆ¼hlkopf und bei mechanischer Stabilisierung des KĆ¼hlkopfes mittels Abstandshalter wird der KĆ¼hlkopf ƤuĆerst vibrationsarm.When the cooling head flows through coolant evenly and when the cooling head is mechanically stabilized by means of spacers, the cooling head is extremely low in vibration.
Typische Anwendungsgebiete fĆ¼r die Erfindung sind die KĆ¼hlung von HochleistungslaserverstƤrkern sowie verschiedene KĆ¼hlaufgaben in der analytischen Chemie, auf dem Gebiet der Supraleitung, der Astronomie sowie generell in der Forschung und Entwicklung sowie in der medizinischen Diagnostik.Typical applications for the invention are the cooling of high-power laser amplifiers and various cooling tasks in analytical chemistry, in the field of superconductivity, astronomy and in general in research and development as well as in medical diagnostics.
Claims (12)
- A cooling apparatus with a closed cooling circuit for cooling objects to semi-cryogenic or cryogenic temperatures of 230K to 80K, comprising a compressor for compressing a coolant, to which the coolant is supplied in a gaseous state, and from which the coolant exits in a compressed gaseous state, an after-cooler connected downstream from the compressor, from which the coolant exits largely in gaseous form, a counterflow heat exchanger comprising a feed line and a return line, which are arranged in such a way that the compressed coolant is liquefied in the feed line as the relieved coolant flowing through the return line is being heated, and a cooling head that is connected with the feed line and return line and has coolant flowing through it, in which the coolant evaporates, characterized in that the cooling head (11) is arranged in a vacuum chamber (16), which can be joined with a low-pressure source, and is joined by flexible connecting lines (13, 14) with the feed line and return line (8, 9) of the counterflow heat exchanger (7), so that the counterflow heat exchanger is situated outside the vacuum chamber, wherein the compressor (1), the after-cooler (5) and the counterflow heat exchanger (7) are situated together in a standing device, the housing of which exhibits a lead-through for the connecting lines (13, 14) that join the counterflow heat exchanger (7) with the vacuum chamber (16).
- The cooling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling head (11) is connected to the feed line (8) of the counterflow heat exchanger (7) with a throttle (10) interspersed.
- The cooling apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting line (13) joining the feed line (8) of the counterflow heat exchanger (7) with the cooling head (11) forms the throttle (10).
- The cooling apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting lines (13, 14) exhibit vacuum insulation (17).
- The cooling apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the vacuum insulation (17) comprises a cladding tube (18) that envelops the connecting lines (13, 14), with the formation of an essentially annular hollow space, wherein the hollow space can be joined with a low-pressure source.
- The cooling apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the vacuum chamber (16) and vacuum insulation (17) for the connecting lines (13, 14) are directly joined together, and can be joined with a shared low-pressure source.
- The cooling apparatus according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the vacuum chamber (16) exhibits a lead-through for the connecting lines (13, 14), which is configured in such a way that the hollow space of the vacuum insulation (17) for the connecting lines (13, 14) is joined with the interior space of the vacuum chamber (16).
- The cooling apparatus according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that at least one spacer (19) is arranged in the hollow space between the connecting lines (13, 14) and the cladding tube (18).
- The cooling apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the spacer (19) exhibits a corrugated outer and inner contour.
- The cooling apparatus according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the vacuum chamber (16) exhibits a port (23) for connecting the shared low-pressure source.
- The cooling apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the vacuum chamber (16) incorporates in particular a tubular spacer (22), which envelops the lead-through, and defines the distance between the cooling head (11) and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber (16), wherein the spacer (22) exhibits radial through holes (24), so that the interior space of the vacuum chamber (16) is joined with the hollow space of the vacuum insulation (17) for the connecting lines (13, 14).
- The cooling apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the coolant comprises butane and/or isobutane and/or propane and/or propene and/or ethyne and/or ethane and/or ethene and/or methane and/or argon and/or nitrogen.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL11738939T PL2593735T3 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | Cooling apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA1177/2010A AT510064B1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | COOLER |
PCT/AT2011/000298 WO2012006645A2 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | Cooling apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2593735A2 EP2593735A2 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
EP2593735B1 true EP2593735B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
Family
ID=44629558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11738939.5A Active EP2593735B1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | Cooling apparatus |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9851126B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2593735B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT510064B1 (en) |
CY (1) | CY1121387T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2717632T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE041997T2 (en) |
LT (1) | LT2593735T (en) |
PL (1) | PL2593735T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012006645A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102629728A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-08-08 | ęø åå¤§å¦ | Solid laser using flexible constraint |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE60306281T2 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2007-04-26 | Cryocor, Inc., San Diego | Cooling source for cryoablation catheter |
Family Cites Families (17)
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US3397720A (en) * | 1964-10-23 | 1968-08-20 | Hitco | Multiple layer insulation for a cryogenic structure |
US3704391A (en) * | 1970-11-10 | 1972-11-28 | Ite Imperial Corp | Cryogenic current limiting switch |
NL7807184A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1979-01-22 | Caloric Ges Apparatebau | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR TRANSPORTING REAL GASES, ESPECIALLY NATURAL GAS. |
JPS62224987A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-10-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Cryogenic cooler |
US5060481A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-10-29 | Helix Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling a cryogenic refrigeration system |
US5275595A (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1994-01-04 | Dobak Iii John D | Cryosurgical instrument |
JPH0765835B2 (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1995-07-19 | ę±ę“é øē“ ę Ŗå¼ä¼ē¤¾ | Horizontal cryostat |
US5337572A (en) | 1993-05-04 | 1994-08-16 | Apd Cryogenics, Inc. | Cryogenic refrigerator with single stage compressor |
US5353603A (en) * | 1994-02-23 | 1994-10-11 | Wynn's Climate Systems, Inc. | Dual refrigerant recovery apparatus with single vacuum pump and control means |
US5758505C1 (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 2001-10-30 | Cryogen Inc | Precooling system for joule-thomson probe |
US5687574A (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1997-11-18 | Apd Cryogenics, Inc. | Throttle cycle cryopumping system for Group I gases |
US5768911A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-06-23 | Dube; Serge | Refrigerating compressor oil cooling probe device |
JPH1163697A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-03-05 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Separation type cryogenic cooler |
JP3446883B2 (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2003-09-16 | ē§å¦ęč”ęÆčäŗę„å£ | Liquid helium recondensing device and transfer line used for the device |
WO2002001123A1 (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2002-01-03 | Mmr Technologies, Inc. | Flexible counter-flow heat exchangers |
DE10210524C1 (en) * | 2002-03-09 | 2003-08-14 | Inst Luft Kaeltetech Gem Gmbh | Cryogenic cooling unit includes positive displacement micropump, condenser, interception chamber, and sub-cooling heat exchanger |
US7114347B2 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2006-10-03 | Ajay Khatri | Closed cycle refrigeration system and mixed component refrigerant |
-
2010
- 2010-07-12 AT ATA1177/2010A patent/AT510064B1/en active
-
2011
- 2011-07-12 HU HUE11738939A patent/HUE041997T2/en unknown
- 2011-07-12 EP EP11738939.5A patent/EP2593735B1/en active Active
- 2011-07-12 WO PCT/AT2011/000298 patent/WO2012006645A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-12 US US13/809,686 patent/US9851126B2/en active Active
- 2011-07-12 ES ES11738939T patent/ES2717632T3/en active Active
- 2011-07-12 PL PL11738939T patent/PL2593735T3/en unknown
- 2011-07-12 LT LTEP11738939.5T patent/LT2593735T/en unknown
-
2019
- 2019-03-18 CY CY20191100318T patent/CY1121387T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE60306281T2 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2007-04-26 | Cryocor, Inc., San Diego | Cooling source for cryoablation catheter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130205826A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
AT510064A1 (en) | 2012-01-15 |
ES2717632T3 (en) | 2019-06-24 |
AT510064B1 (en) | 2012-04-15 |
WO2012006645A3 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
CY1121387T1 (en) | 2020-05-29 |
US9851126B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
PL2593735T3 (en) | 2019-06-28 |
EP2593735A2 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
HUE041997T2 (en) | 2019-06-28 |
LT2593735T (en) | 2019-03-12 |
WO2012006645A2 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
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