EP2579991A1 - Tete de distribution de produit fluide - Google Patents
Tete de distribution de produit fluideInfo
- Publication number
- EP2579991A1 EP2579991A1 EP11734163.6A EP11734163A EP2579991A1 EP 2579991 A1 EP2579991 A1 EP 2579991A1 EP 11734163 A EP11734163 A EP 11734163A EP 2579991 A1 EP2579991 A1 EP 2579991A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- wall
- swirl
- dispensing head
- sealing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
- B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
- B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
- B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
- B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
- B65D83/16—Actuating means
- B65D83/20—Actuator caps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid dispensing head intended to be associated with a dispensing member such as a pump or a valve.
- the dispensing head may be integrated with, or mounted on, the dispenser member.
- the dispensing head may comprise a bearing surface so as to constitute a pusher on which the user presses to actuate the dispensing member.
- the dispensing head may be devoid of bearing surface. This kind of fluid dispensing head is frequently used in the fields of perfumery, cosmetics or pharmacy.
- a conventional dispensing head for example of the push-type, comprises:
- a dispensing member such as a pump or a valve
- an axial mounting housing in which a pin extends, defining a side wall and a front wall, and
- a bucket-shaped nozzle comprising a substantially cylindrical wall, one end of which is closed by a distribution wall forming a spray orifice, the nozzle being mounted along an axis X in the axial mounting housing with its cylindrical wall engaged around the spindle and its distribution wall in axial abutment against the front wall of the spindle.
- the inlet well is connected to the axial mounting housing by a single supply conduit.
- a swirl system at the distribution wall of the nozzle.
- a swirl system conventionally includes a plurality of tangential swirl channels that open into a swirl chamber centered on the spray orifice of the nozzle.
- the swirl system is disposed upstream of the spray orifice.
- a swirl channel may for example be arranged substantially in the extension of the supply duct, while the other two or three swirl channels are not directly supplied by the supply duct. This means that the feeding of the swirling channels is not symmetrical, homogeneous or identical, a swirling channel being the most favored, and another swirling channel being the most disadvantaged.
- document EP-0 802 827 describes a particular dispensing head comprising two parallel supply ducts opening into an axial mounting housing which receives a very particular nozzle of oblong shape.
- the dispensing head of this document makes it possible to satisfy certain particular requirements, particularly with regard to the size of the nozzle, which is not much greater than that of a grain of rice.
- the size and configuration of this particular nozzle cause serious drawbacks.
- the nozzle comes into contact with a core January 1 which forms a bottom wall of the axial mounting housing.
- This core is formed with a swirl system comprising two tangential channels opening into a central swirl chamber.
- On either side of the core extend the two supply ducts connecting the inlet well.
- the oblong and flat nozzle enters the axial mounting housing, so as to come into sealed contact with the core, but without penetrating the lateral supply ducts.
- the nozzle is held in the mounting housing only at its outer periphery, which is advantageously chamfered to form a mounting edge for engagement with the side wall of the mounting housing.
- this particular dispensing head has the advantage that the swirl channels of the swirl system are fed symmetrically by the two supply lines connecting the inlet well.
- each swirl channel is fed by its own supply duct.
- the supply ducts and the swirl ducts are arranged in a perfectly symmetrical manner with respect to the swirl chamber, so that each supply duct and each swirl duct is fed in exactly the same way with a fluid product. from the entrance well.
- This feed symmetry is certainly achieved with the dispensing head of EP-0 802 827, but with considerable disadvantages related to the shape of the nozzle and the axial mounting housing.
- the object of the present invention is to define a dispensing head of more conventional design than that of document EP-0 802 827, but which still incorporates its advantages, especially in terms of the supply symmetry of the swirling channels.
- a main object of the present invention is to greatly simplify the method of mounting the nozzle in its axial mounting housing. Another objective is to improve the resistance of the nozzle in its housing, without impairing the symmetry of power.
- the front wall of the spindle forming at least two swirling channels tangentially connecting a swirl chamber centered on the spray orifice
- the cylindrical wall of the nozzle being in sealing contact with the lateral wall of the spindle so as to define at least two connecting sections each connecting a supply duct to a swirl duct, the cylindrical wall of the nozzle being in sealing contact with the side wall of the spindle at at least two sealing zones which extend substantially axially from the ducts to the channels so as to form the two connecting sections, the sealing zones to separate the two connection sections of each other, so that each feeds only one swirl channel, characterized in that the sealing zones are linear and axial.
- the dispensing head of the invention thus combines the most possible characteristics of a conventional dispensing head and certain particular characteristics of the dispensing head of EP-0 802 827.
- the nozzle of the invention has a conventional cup shape and the mounting housing has a pin protruding into the housing.
- the invention adds the formation of two liaison sections formed by the nozzle and spindle cooperation.
- the dispensing head has a substantially conventional overall configuration, but also incorporates the advantages of the dispensing head of EP-0 802 827, and in particular those related to the supply symmetry of the swirl channels.
- each sealing zone may be formed by axial ribs of the pin in contact with the cylindrical wall of the nozzle.
- each sealing zone may further comprise a radial sealing ring formed in the housing, the cylindrical wall of the nozzle defining a free annular edge which comes into contact with the sealing rings to seal at the bottom. housing.
- the axial ribs possibly combined with the radial sealing rods, thus make it possible to define two distinct connection sections making it possible to connect each one of a supply duct to a swirl duct.
- the inlet well extends along an axis Y which is transverse to the axis X, so that the supply ducts are connected to the height of the well, the heights of the two conduits in the well along the Y axis are identical.
- the fluid product present in the inlet well flows uniformly homogeneous and equivalent, without priority, in the supply ducts.
- This ensures a balanced diet perfectly symmetrical swirl channels.
- the flow paths of the fluid from the inlet of the supply ducts to the spray port through the supply ducts, the connecting sections, the swirl channels and the swirl chamber are identical. length and in configuration.
- the swirl chamber is partially formed by the distribution wall of the nozzle.
- the swirl chamber can be entirely and only hollowed out in the spindle, or on the contrary the chamber of Swirling can be partially hollow and in the spindle and in the nozzle.
- the housing and the cylindrical wall of the nozzle have a symmetry of revolution about the X axis.
- the spirit of the invention resides in the fact of keeping the conventional configuration of the dispensing head while guaranteeing a symmetrical, identical and balanced supply of the swirling channels.
- the swirl chamber receives an identical amount of fluid from these swirl channels, which greatly increases the quality of the vortex created within the swirl chamber, and hence the quality of the sputtering. through the spray orifice.
- This symmetry of feeding has proved effective for all fluids, and especially perfumes, and even more particularly perfumes with a partially or predominantly aqueous base.
- FIG. 1 is a greatly enlarged view in exploded perspective of a dispensing head according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view through the dispensing head of FIG. 1 in the assembled state
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view almost from the front of the axial mounting housing of the dispensing head of FIGS. 1 and 2
- Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view through the dispensing head of the present invention at the spindle and the nozzle.
- the dispensing head comprises two essential components, namely a head body 1 and a nozzle 4. These two parts can be made by injection molding of plastics material.
- the head body 1 is preferably made in one piece: it can however be made from several parts assembled to each other. It is the same for the nozzle 4 which is preferably made integrally.
- the head body 1 comprises a substantially cylindrical peripheral skirt 11 which is closed at its upper end by a plate 12.
- the head body 1 also comprises a connecting sleeve 13 which here concentrically extends inside the the peripheral skirt 1 1.
- the connecting sleeve 13 extends downwardly from the plate 12. It internally defines an inlet well 14 which is open downwards and closed at its upper end by the plate 12.
- the connecting sleeve 13 is intended to to be mounted on the free end of an actuating rod of a dispensing member such as a pump or a valve.
- the actuating rod (not shown) is movable back and forth along the Y axis.
- the actuating rod is hollow so as to define a discharge pipe in communication with the dosing chamber of the pump or of the pump. the valve.
- the inlet well 14 extends in the extension of the actuating rod so that the fluid product from the metering chamber can flow into the inlet well 14.
- the connecting sleeve 13 is connected to the peripheral skirt 1 1 by a connecting block 16, visible in Figure 2.
- This block 16 extends under the plate 12 along an axis X, which is here perpendicular to the Y axis. It could be otherwise.
- the link block 16 internally defines two supply ducts 15 and an axial mounting housing 2.
- the block 16 also defines a pin 3 which protrudes inside the mounting housing 2.
- the two supply ducts 15 connect the well of the housing. 14 to the mounting housing 2, as can be seen very clearly in Figure 2.
- the two supply ducts 15 are connected to the inlet well 14 at the same height on the floor.
- the two supply ducts 15 preferably have an identical section and an identical configuration. It can be said that they are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis X.
- the spindle 3 is also arranged on the axis X.
- the axial mounting housing 2 is of cylindrical overall configuration, thus defining an internal wall 21 which is substantially cylindrical and a bottom wall 22 of complex shape.
- the supply ducts 15 open into the mounting housing 2 at this bottom wall 22. This is more visible in Figure 3. It can also be seen in this figure that the inner wall
- the pin 3 thus projects into the mounting housing 2 from the bottom wall 22.
- the supply ducts 15 open into the mounting housing 2 on either side of the pin 3, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the pin 3 comprises a side wall 31 which extends from the bottom wall 22 to a front wall 32 which defines the free end of the pin.
- the pin extends into the housing without coming into contact with its inner wall 21.
- the side wall 31 of the pin is not in contact with the inner wall 21 of the housing.
- the front wall 32 of the spit does not project out of the housing: on the contrary, it remains at a distance inside the housing. This is clearly visible in FIG. 2.
- the front wall 32 of the spindle is formed with a recessed profile which defines two tangential swirl channels 35 which are tangentially connected to a central swirl chamber 36 which is centered on the spigot.
- X axis.
- the channels 35 open on the side wall 31 of the spindle, as can be seen in FIG.
- the side wall 31 of the spindle is formed with four ribs 33 which advantageously extend axially along the axis X. These ribs 33 extend from the front wall 32 to the bottom wall 22 of the housing 2.
- each rib 33 is extended in the form of a radial sealing ring 23 which extends, advantageously at an angle, into contact with the inner wall 21 of the mounting housing 2
- the spindle 3 has a substantially rectangular, or at least elongated, vertical cross-section: the four corners of the rectangle being formed by the ribs 33.
- the two supply ducts 15 extend over the long vertical sides of the rectangle formed by the spit.
- the pin 3 may also have a round or circular section with four ribs 33.
- the nozzle 4 has a substantially conventional configuration in the form of a bucket, thus comprising a substantially cylindrical wall 41 which is open at one end and closed at its opposite end by a distribution wall 42 at which is formed an orifice of Spraying 43.
- the cylindrical wall 41 defines at its open end a free annular edge 44.
- the nozzle 4 is a part which preferably has an axial symmetry of revolution about the X axis, as shown in FIG. In other words, the nozzle 4 does not need to be oriented angularly before its presentation in front of the inlet of the axial mounting housing 2. This represents a great advantage over the prior art document EP-0 802 827.
- the nozzle 4 can be engaged axially without particular orientation in the axial mounting housing 2, as shown in Figure 1.
- the nozzle 4 is in the configuration shown in FIG. 2. Its distribution wall 42 comes into sealing contact with the end wall 32 of the pin 3 so as to isolate and complete the swirl channels 35 and the swirl chamber 36. It can even be seen in FIG. 2 that the distribution wall 42 forms a part 46 of the swirl chamber in addition to that formed by the spindle.
- the cylindrical wall 41 of the nozzle 4 comes into contact tightening and sealing with the side wall 21 of the housing 21 and with the ribs 33 of the spindle 3, as can be seen in FIG. 4.
- the spindle 3 and the cylindrical wall 41 of the nozzle 4 define between them four spaces, namely two connecting sections 34 and two dead spaces E.
- connection sections 34 connect the supply ducts 15 to the swirl channels 35. This is visible in FIG. 2. It can also be said that the connecting sections 34 extend the In addition, the dead spaces E are isolated and do not communicate with the outside. It may also be noted that the free annular edge 44 of the nozzle 4 comes into contact with the radial rods 23 to complete the seal at the bottom 22 of the housing.
- the nozzle 4 comes into contact with the pin 3 by defining a plurality of sealing zones Z formed by the ribs 33 coming into contact with the lateral wall 41 of the nozzle.
- the sealing zones Z are here four in number, but it is also possible to envisage making the dispensing head according to the invention with only two sealing zones, or on the contrary with three or even more than four sealing zones.
- two ribs 33 may be replaced by a cylinder segment which comes into intimate contact with the cylindrical wall 41 of the nozzle. In this case, there would be no dead spaces E.
- the present embodiment is advantageous because the rectangular shape of the spindle makes it possible to define two connecting sections in relation to the supply ducts 15.
- the two swirl channels 35 are thus fed symmetrically, balanced and identical by the two supply ducts 15 and the two connecting sections 34. This is due to the fact that the ducts 15 and connecting sections 34 are arranged in a perfectly symmetrical manner on both sides of the X axis.
- the two supply ducts 15 start from the inlet well 14 to the same height on the Y axis, it ensures a symmetry of perfect fluid supply of the two swirl channels, and thus the swirl chamber 36.
- Each swirl channel 35 brings the same amount of fluid with the same speed to the swirl chamber 36, thus promoting the formation of a perfect vortex. It follows that the quality of the spray through the spray orifice 43 is optimum.
- a dispensing head comprising, for example, four swirling channels fed symmetrically by two supply ducts and two connecting sections: each pair of swirling channel thus being fed by a supply duct and a connecting section. It is also conceivable to make a dispensing head with three swirl channels fed by three supply ducts and three connecting sections.
- the head body 1 can be engaged in a covering cap 5 comprising a lateral opening 54 for the passage of the nozzle 4.
Landscapes
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1054671A FR2961189B1 (fr) | 2010-06-14 | 2010-06-14 | Tete de distribution de produit fluide. |
| PCT/FR2011/051323 WO2011157932A1 (fr) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-10 | Tete de distribution de produit fluide. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2579991A1 true EP2579991A1 (fr) | 2013-04-17 |
| EP2579991B1 EP2579991B1 (fr) | 2015-08-05 |
Family
ID=43504042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11734163.6A Active EP2579991B1 (fr) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-10 | Tete de distribution de produit fluide |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8690081B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2579991B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5883441B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN102869452B (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112012030636B1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2550832T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2961189B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011157932A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2971768B1 (fr) * | 2011-02-18 | 2013-03-22 | Valois Sas | Tete de distribution de produit fluide. |
| AU2015301365B2 (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2018-03-15 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Spray inserts |
| DE102016114456A1 (de) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Rpc Bramlage Gmbh | Fingerspraypumpe sowie Düsenkopf für eine Sprühpumpe |
| CN110195947A (zh) * | 2018-02-24 | 2019-09-03 | 三花控股集团有限公司 | 气液分离器及换热系统 |
| CN110195948A (zh) * | 2018-02-24 | 2019-09-03 | 三花控股集团有限公司 | 气液分离器及换热系统 |
| EP3757485B1 (fr) | 2018-02-24 | 2023-08-02 | Zhejiang Sanhua Intelligent Controls Co., Ltd. | Séparateur gaz-liquide |
| CA3198129A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-19 | John B. Fore | Systeme de distribution par pulverisation |
| WO2025061899A1 (fr) | 2023-09-19 | 2025-03-27 | Rieke Packaging Systems Limited | Distributeur de brumisation fine en plastique ayant une fonctionnalité de pré-compression |
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| US3075708A (en) * | 1958-03-05 | 1963-01-29 | Drackett Co | One piece aerosol spray head |
| NL273959A (fr) * | 1961-01-27 | |||
| US3112074A (en) * | 1961-11-29 | 1963-11-26 | Edward Howard Green | Spray head for an aerosol dispenser |
| DE1775543C3 (de) * | 1968-08-24 | 1974-01-10 | Deutsche Praezisions-Ventil Gmbh, 6234 Hattersheim | Wirbelsprüheinrichtung zur Abgabe eines Produktes |
| IT1094411B (it) * | 1977-08-02 | 1985-08-02 | Werding Winfried J | Ugello spruzzatore,dispositivi comprendenti tale ugello e procedimento per la loro produzione |
| US4157789A (en) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-12 | Laauwe Robert H | Right-angle spray nozzle |
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| US4313569A (en) * | 1980-05-27 | 1982-02-02 | Ethyl Products Company | Fluid dispenser method and apparatus |
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| DK0775023T3 (da) * | 1993-05-25 | 1999-06-23 | Verbena Corp N V | Sprøjtedyser til regulering af gennemstrømningsmængden pr. tidsenhed |
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| FR2729091B1 (fr) * | 1995-01-11 | 1997-05-30 | Valois | Buse de pulverisation |
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| DE19835340A1 (de) * | 1997-11-03 | 2000-02-10 | Guenter Slowik | Verfahren und Einspritzdüse zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine |
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| FR2773784B1 (fr) * | 1998-01-16 | 2000-03-24 | Valois Sa | Tete de pulverisation pour un distributeur de produit fluide |
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| SE520234C2 (sv) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-06-10 | Javier Martin | Munstycksanordning |
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| US6394321B1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2002-05-28 | Precision Valve Corporation | Aerosol powder valve |
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| FR2905611B1 (fr) * | 2006-09-12 | 2010-01-15 | Rexam Dispensing Sys | Buse de pulverisation,organe de distribution comprenant une telle buse,distributeur comprenant un tel organe de distribution et utilisation d'une telle buse. |
| FR2908116B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-06 | 2012-07-13 | Valois Sas | Distributeur de produit fluide |
| US7686189B2 (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2010-03-30 | Conopco, Inc. | Pocket sized fluid dispenser |
| US9429074B2 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2016-08-30 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Aerodynamic swept vanes for fuel injectors |
| US20110031328A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Greg Rundle | Nozzle apparatus for dispersing droplets of flowable material |
| US8403635B2 (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2013-03-26 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Diffuser apparatus, centrifugal compressor, and turbo supercharger |
| US9310073B2 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2016-04-12 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Liquid swirler flow control |
-
2010
- 2010-06-14 FR FR1054671A patent/FR2961189B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-06-10 JP JP2013514759A patent/JP5883441B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-06-10 CN CN201180021944.1A patent/CN102869452B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-06-10 WO PCT/FR2011/051323 patent/WO2011157932A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2011-06-10 EP EP11734163.6A patent/EP2579991B1/fr active Active
- 2011-06-10 ES ES11734163.6T patent/ES2550832T3/es active Active
- 2011-06-10 BR BR112012030636-7A patent/BR112012030636B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2011-06-14 US US13/159,986 patent/US8690081B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011157932A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2550832T3 (es) | 2015-11-12 |
| BR112012030636A2 (pt) | 2016-08-16 |
| BR112012030636B1 (pt) | 2020-12-08 |
| JP2013530040A (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
| FR2961189B1 (fr) | 2013-02-22 |
| CN102869452A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
| EP2579991B1 (fr) | 2015-08-05 |
| FR2961189A1 (fr) | 2011-12-16 |
| US8690081B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 |
| WO2011157932A1 (fr) | 2011-12-22 |
| JP5883441B2 (ja) | 2016-03-15 |
| US20110303768A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
| CN102869452B (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
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