EP2574707A2 - Framework for roof or canopy with two sections - Google Patents

Abstract

The frame has a set of swiveling articulations (A1) that is designed to articulate a rafter (30), and another swiveling articulation (A2) that is designed to articulate the rafter on a tie-beam (20). A third swiveling articulation (A3) is utilized for placing the rafter between the former articulations and the latter articulation. A set of connecting units (25) is arranged for deployment of the rafter and for deployment of the former articulation, the latter articulation and the tie-beam. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for installation of a frame (2) a device for deployment of a frame.

Description

The invention relates to a frame for a roof or awning with two sides according to the preamble of claim 1 and a hinged farm according to the preamble of claim 6. The invention also relates to a method and a device for deploying such a frame according to the preamble of claims 7 and 14.

The invention is particularly intended for the cladding of a parallelepiped shaped building to give it the appearance of a building with a roof. We meet these dressings especially on fast restaurants in commercial areas. These claddings often have a steep upper part and a lower part of softer slope, in the manner of a cored roof. All elements of the frame are usually metallic. At first, the farms are assembled by fixing together a punch, an entry and a chevron. If the roof section must have a break line, the first chevron is fixed at a distance from the upper end of the punch and a second chevron is fixed on the one hand by one of its ends on the first chevron and secondly at the upper end of the punch. Each farmhouse is then attached to the wall. Beams can connect these farmhouses together to stiffen the frame. Plates are then placed on the rafters and if necessary on the links to simulate a roof pan. For a continuous appearance, it is very important that all the trusses are aligned with each other, which requires a lot of time and precision. If the rafters are not well aligned, deformations appear on the sheets, which results in dents or depressions unsightly. Dressing a building the size of a fast food restaurant requires several days of work. Unfortunately, it is common that coins are stolen overnight.

To limit the installation time of the frame, it is known to use prefabricated frames. So, we know of the document FR 2 597 528 A1 a framework consisting of several farms interconnected by articulated arms. For transport, the articulated arms are folded so that the trusses are placed against each other in the manner of a closed accordion. During assembly, the group of farms is placed on rails at the top of the walls, then the farms are separated from each other. In this time, the articulated arms open up to reach a wide open position in which they lock, thus keeping the farms at a constant distance from each other. others. This solution makes it possible to prepare a part of the framework in the workshop, but the installation of the cover can only be done once the frame has been deployed.

Another solution is to prefabricate in the workshop modules consisting of two sides of a piece of roof. In the document DE 200 11 892 U1 both sides are connected together by a hinge. Each folded module is transported to the site where it is unfolded and placed on the building. It is the walls of the building that block the two faces in the open position. This solution requires the displacement of the module in the deployed position, which can be complicated because of the inertia and dimensions of such a part.

A similar solution has been proposed in the document FR 2 627 208 A1 . A freestanding structure consists of a foldable ceiling in two and a frame with a watertight surface shaped wave. Like the ceiling, the roof has two parts that can also be folded. The frame consists of two sets of vertical posts each placed at one of the lateral ends of the ceiling, two sets of connecting rods each of which are each substantially half of each half-ceiling and joining at the level of an upper profile and two sets of folding struts connecting the bases of the connecting rods at the top of the posts. Flexible wave sheets extend from the upper profile to the top of the posts. The posts, connecting rods and struts are fixed to the ceiling, to the upper profile or together by pivoting joints, so that the assembly can be folded and stored flat. Here again, it is first necessary to unfold the freestanding structure before being able to position it. In addition, this frame can be folded only if the cover is flexible.

Documents US 924 951 A and EP 2 199 485 A2 structures are known for deploying blinds. These structures are composed of two identical elements placed on each side of the blind. Each element consists of a vertical arm attached to the wall, a first movable arm fixed at the top or at an intermediate point of the vertical arm by a first joint, a second movable arm attached to the lower end of the vertical arm by a second articulation, an intermediate arm being placed between the free end of the first movable arm and the free end of the second movable arm, this intermediate arm being fixed to the free ends of two movable arms by a third and a fourth articulation. To fold this structure, the two movable arms are pivoted downwards relative to the joints that bind them to the vertical arm. The total height of the folded structure, measured from the first joint connecting the first arm mobile to the vertical arm, is therefore determined by the length of the first movable arm plus the length of the intermediate arm.

The document DE 27 36 721 A1 describes another structure for blind. This structure is also composed of two identical elements placed on either side of the blind. Each element is composed of a vertical arm fixed to the wall, a first mobile arm fixed to the sum of the vertical arm by a first articulation, a second movable arm fixed by its first end to the free end of the first movable arm by a second articulation and by its second end to a carriage sliding in a guide made in the vertical arm. To fold the structure, it is necessary to lower the carriage along the vertical arm by pivoting down the first and the second arm relative to the first joint for the first and second articulation for the second. Once folded, the height of the structure is equivalent to the length of the first movable arm plus that of the second movable arm. It also implies that the vertical arm is particularly long.

The objective of the invention is to develop a framework according to the preamble that allows prefabrication in the workshop and a space-saving storage. Another objective is to design the framework that can be installed without having to move it in the deployed position. A third objective is to facilitate the alignment of rafters and tie-rods to save time during assembly. A fourth objective is to be able to put in the workshop roofing on the frame, for example in the form of sheet metal plates. A fifth objective is to facilitate the deployment of the frames of the invention. Finally, another objective is to reduce the time of presence of the crane truck needed to lift the frames to reduce the corresponding costs.

The two main objectives are attained by the fact that first pivoting articulations are provided for articulating each chevron of the first game on a punch, because second pivoting joints are provided for articulating each chevron of the first game on an input, because of the fact that third pivoting joints are provided for articulating each chevron of the second game on a chevron of the first game, these third pivoting joints being preferably placed on the rafters of the first game between the first and second pivoting joints, because the links are constituted each a rigid bar, and the fact that the first connecting means are provided, a part of which is placed at one end of the links, and the other part is placed on the punches, the ends of the links carrying a part first connecting means being free and independent of the punches and rafters of the first game as the two parts of these first connecting means are not secured to each other after deployment of the rafters of the first game and the tie or punches. Thus, it is possible in the first place to preassemble the farmhouses in the workshop and store them or transport them in folded position.

In an advantageous development of the invention, first blocking means are provided for blocking the first and second joints. These first locking means may comprise locking means acting directly on the first and / or second joints. Similarly, second blocking means are provided to block the third joints. These second blocking means may comprise locking means acting directly on the third hinges and / or second connecting means for fixing the rafters of the second set to the rafters of the first set or the punches or the links. Thus, as soon as the framework is in its final position of use, the different parts are locked relative to each other, thus conferring a high stability to each farm.

The first articulations may each be constituted by a hinge whose first part is fixed on a punch and the second part is fixed on a chevron of the first game. Similarly, the second articulations may each be constituted by a hinge whose first part is fixed on an entry and the second part is fixed on a chevron of the first game, and the third joints can be each constituted by a hinge whose first part is fixed on a chevron of the first game and the second part is fixed on a chevron of the second game

It is best to place the first joints at one end of the rafters of the first set and the second joints at the other end of these rafters. The second joints can be placed at one end of the links and the first joints can be placed at a distance from one end of the punches. It is also possible to place the second joints away from one end of the links and to place the first joints at one end of the punches.

When the second blocking means comprise second connecting means for fixing the rafters of the second set to the rafters of the first set or to the punches or entrained, a portion of these second connecting means can be placed at one end of the pieces on which these rafters of the second game must be fixed, namely chevrons of the first game, punches or entrants.

The invention also relates to a frame farm according to the invention. Such a farm consists of a punch, an entrance, a first chevron and a second chevron. According to the invention, a first pivoting joint is provided for articulating the first chevron on the punch, a second pivoting joint is provided to articulate the first chevron on the input and a third pivoting joint is provided to articulate the second chevron on the first chevron, this third pivoting joint being preferably placed on the first chevron between the first and the second pivoting joint. The entrance consists of a rigid bar. First connecting means are provided, one part of which is placed on the input and the other part is placed on the punch, the end of the input provided with a part of the connecting means being free and independent of the punch. and the chevron of the first game as the two parts these first connecting means are not secured to each other after deployment of the chevron of the first game and the entry or the punch.

1. a) Mise en place de la charpente sur une base ;
2. b) Mise en place d'un dispositif de déploiement muni d'une première sangle et accrochage de la première sangle sur l'un des chevrons du deuxième jeu de chevron ;
3. c) Déploiement du deuxième jeu de chevrons par pivotement, par rapport au premier jeu de chevrons, dudit deuxième jeu de chevrons autour des troisièmes articulations, jusqu'à un angle α prédéterminé en tirant, en biais vers le haut du côté de la face de la charpente opposée à la base, la partie de la première sangle accrochée à l'un des deuxièmes chevrons ;
4. d) Activation de moyens pour solidariser dans un mouvement de pivot commun le premier jeu et le deuxième jeu de chevrons ;
5. e) Poursuite du déploiement du deuxième jeu de chevrons et déploiement du premier jeu de chevrons, tous les deux par pivotement autour des premières articulations en tirant vers le haut la partie de la première sangle accrochée à l'un des deuxièmes chevrons ;
6. f) Désactivation des moyens de solidarisation après que le premier jeu de chevrons a atteint sa position finale ;
7. g) Poursuite du déploiement du deuxième jeu de chevrons jusqu'à sa position finale et décrochage de la première sangle.

The invention also relates to a method for setting up a framework according to the invention. This process is characterized by the following steps:

1. a) Installation of the frame on a base;
2. b) Installation of a deployment device provided with a first strap and hooking of the first strap on one of the chevrons of the second chevron set;
3. c) Deployment of the second set of chevrons by pivoting, relative to the first set of chevrons, of said second set of chevrons around the third joints, to a predetermined angle α by pulling, obliquely upwards on the side of the face of the frame opposite the base, the part of the first strap attached to one of the second chevrons;
4. d) activating means for securing in a common pivot movement the first set and the second set of chevrons;
5. e) Continuing deployment of the second set of chevrons and deployment of the first set of chevrons, both pivoting around the first joints by pulling up the portion of the first strap attached to one of the second chevrons;
6. f) Deactivation of the securing means after the first set of chevrons has reached its final position;
7. g) Continued deployment of the second set of chevrons to its final position and unhooking of the first strap.

Thanks to the deployment device, it is possible to deploy the frame without using a crane or a forklift. The operating costs are thus reduced.

In a first embodiment of the method, the activation of the means for securing the first and the second set of chevrons in a common pivoting movement is achieved by energizing a second strap previously attached, preferably to the step (b), between one of the rafters of the first game and one of the rafters of the second game, the second strap preferably being hung by one of its ends on the same chevron of the second game as the first strap and by its other end on the chevron of the first game corresponding. In this case, the deactivation of the securing means can be achieved by the stall of the second strap of the chevron of the first game and / or the chevron of the second game when the first set of chevrons has reached its final position. Otherwise, the deactivation of the securing means can be achieved by the stall of the first strap of the chevron of the second game when the first strap has no effect on the deployment of the second set of chevrons before or at the same time as the first Herringbone game has reached its final position.

In another embodiment of the method, the activation of the means for securing the first and second sets of chevrons in a common pivot movement is carried out by fixing a corner piece in the additional angle with respect to the chevron of the first set to the one formed, because of the deployment of the second set of chevrons, between the chevron of the second game on which is hung the first strap and the chevron of the first game corresponding. In this case, the deactivation of the securing means may consist of removing the wedge element when the first set of chevrons has reached its final position.

According to the invention, the securing means can be activated when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons, between the second set of chevrons and the first set of chevrons is of the order of 90 °. In variant embodiment of the invention, the securing means can be activated when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons, between the second set of chevrons and the first set of chevrons is substantially equal to the angle formed between the first and second set of chevrons when the first strap has no effect on the deployment of the second set of chevrons and the first set of chevrons has reached its final position.

The deactivation of the securing means can be achieved when the set of entrants and the first set of chevrons have reached their final positions.

To allow a quick installation of the frame on the base during step a), this installation can be achieved by the suspension of the frame by means of supports fixed on the base and provided with notches accessible by the high and in which can enter the suspension pins placed on at least two punches remote from the lower end of the punches.

The invention also relates to a device for implementing the method. This deployment device comprises a first strap, means for pulling the end of the first strap upwards and / or at an angle at the top and at the side of the face of the frame opposed to the base, and means for securing in a common pivoting movement the first game and the second set of chevrons.

It is preferable that the means for pulling the end of the first strap upwards and / or at an angle upwards and at the side of the face of the frame opposed to the base are constituted by an inverted L support, by a winch placed on the support L, preferably in the bottom of the vertical leg of the L, and by at least one pulley placed at the end of the horizontal arm of the L, means being provided for fixing on the frame these means for pull up so that the horizontal leg of the L-bracket is oriented in the same direction as the face of the frame opposite the base.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the means for securing the first set and the second set of chevrons are constituted by a second strap. The first strap and the second strap can be secured. They may even form one piece, hooking means for the second set of chevrons being provided at a distance from the end of the single strap.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the means for securing the first set and the second set of chevrons are constituted by a corner piece that can be placed in the additional angle with respect to the chevron of the first set to that formed, because of the deployment of the second set of chevrons, between the chevron of the second game on which is hung the first strap and the corresponding chevron of the first game.

It is preferable to size the securing means so that they are activated when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons, between the second set of chevrons and the first set of chevrons is of the order of 90 °. In an alternative embodiment of the device, the securing means are dimensioned to be activated when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second chevron set, between the second set of chevrons and the first set of chevrons is substantially equal to Angle formed between the first and second set of chevrons when the first strap has no effect on the deployment of the second set of chevrons and the first set of chevrons has reached its final position.

In order to be able to influence the orientation of the first strap, it is preferable to provide the deployment device with a pivoting arm attached to the L-shaped support, a pulley being fixed at one end of the arm to guide the strap away from the face of the frame opposite the base when the arm is pivoted to the horizontal, the arm continuing beyond the pivot to form a handle.

• Figure 1 : vue de côté d'un bâtiment muni d'une charpente de l'invention ;
• Figure 2 : vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation de charpente conforme à l'invention ;
• Figure 3 : une vue agrandie d'un module selon le deuxième mode de réalisation ;
• Figure 4 : vue de côté des moyens de réglage de l'orientation de la charpente ;
• Figure 5 : vue de côté de la fixation inférieure sur le mur des modules ;
• Figure 6 : une vue de côté d'un support de suspension pour module selon le second mode de réalisation ;
• Figure 7 : une vue de face du support de la figure 6 ;
• Figure 8 : vue de côté de la fixation du support de suspension de la figure 6 ;
• Figures 9 à 13 : vue de côté d'une charpente selon le premier mode de réalisation à différents stades de son déploiement ;
• Figures 14 à 18 : vue de côté d'une charpente selon le deuxième mode de réalisation à différents stades de son déploiement selon une première variante ;
• Figures 19 et 20 : vues de côté d'une charpente selon le deuxième mode de réalisation à différents stades de son déploiement selon une deuxième variante ;
• Figure 21 : vue de côté de la descente de l'entrait.

The invention is described in more detail below using two embodiments shown in the following figures:

• Figure 1 : side view of a building with a frame of the invention;
• Figure 2 perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a framework according to the invention;
• Figure 3 an enlarged view of a module according to the second embodiment;
• Figure 4 : side view of the means for adjusting the orientation of the frame;
• Figure 5 : side view of the lower fixing on the wall of the modules;
• Figure 6 a side view of a module suspension support according to the second embodiment;
• Figure 7 : a front view of the support of the figure 6 ;
• Figure 8 : side view of the fixing of the suspension support of the figure 6 ;
• Figures 9 to 13 : side view of a frame according to the first embodiment at different stages of its deployment;
• Figures 14 to 18 : side view of a frame according to the second embodiment at different stages of its deployment according to a first variant;
• Figures 19 and 20 : Side views of a frame according to the second embodiment at different stages of its deployment according to a second variant;
• Figure 21 : side view of the descent of the entered.

The framework of the invention may constitute a module (1) prefabricated workshop. This folded module is transported to the place of installation. Several modules are placed next to each other. The modules may have identical lengths or have different lengths to accommodate the length of the building. Once all modules of a wall posed and aligned, it remains only to put the sheets of cover.

Module (1) of the figure 2 consists of a set of three punches (10), a set of three links (20), a first set of three chevrons (30) and a second set of three chevrons (40). As is clearly visible on the figure 10 , each chevron (30) of the first set is articulated by its first end to a punch (10), at a distance from the upper end of said punch, through a first articulation (A1), and by its second end to the first end of an entry (20), through a second joint (A2). Each chevron (40) of the second game is articulated by one of its ends on a chevron (30) of the first game through a third joint (A3) placed on the rafters of the first game between the first and second joints (A1, A2). The position of the joints on the different parts is fixed, even if the joints move during deployment at the same time as the parts that carry them.

The three punches (10) are fixed together by connecting bars (11) so as to form a first rigid plane frame. Similarly, the three links (20) are fixed together by connecting bars (21) forming a second rigid rigid frame, the three rafters (30) of the first group by connecting bars (31) forming a third frame rigid plane and those (40) of the second group by connecting bars (41) forming a fourth rigid plane. These link bars are partially visible on the figure 2 . They are recognizable by the presence of reinforcing brackets at the junction between the connecting bars and the considered elements (10, 20, 30, 40).

Strips (22, 32, 42) are placed on the links, the rafters of the first set and the rafters of the second set for fixing the cover plates. These smooth are visible for example on Figures 1, 2 and 13 . They are used for fixing the cover plates.

As shown in figure 2 It is possible to extend the frames beyond the punches, interstices and outer chevrons of the frame. In the example presented here, the module is extended on the left. The rails (22, 32, 42) extend beyond the last one, from the last of the first and the last rafters of the second set. Their free ends are connected together by transverse links bars similar to the links. and chevrons of the corresponding frame.

The modules shown in the figures are intended to be fixed by their punches on a base generally consisting of a vertical wall (100). The punches are therefore provided with fastening means (19).

In the second embodiment shown in Figures 3, 6 to 8 and 14 to 17 , the modules are previously suspended on the wall using suspension pin (16) on supports (50) fixed to the wall.

A support (50) consists of a substantially rectangular plate (51). Two identical suspension plates (52) are fixed on the plate, for example by welding, perpendicular thereto. The distance separating the two suspension plates (52) is slightly greater than the width of the punches (10) so that a punch can easily penetrate into the space separating the two suspension plates. Each suspension plate (52) is provided on its upper edge with a notch (521) into which the suspension axis (16) can penetrate from above. The overall width of the notch is slightly greater than that of the axis of suspension that must enter it. In its lower part, the notch (521) narrows to have a width less than that of the axis. In the example presented here, the notch ends in a triangle. The entry of the notch is preferably flared to facilitate guiding the suspension axis when it enters the notch. For attachment to the wall, four bores (511) are provided at the four corners of the plate (51).

The suspension pins (16) are provided on at least two punches (10) of each module. In the example presented to Figures 14 to 17 each punch is provided with such an axis. These axes are placed on the punches in the area facing the wall when the framework is laid, preferably as far as possible from the lower end. They are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the punches and parallel to the connecting bars (11) and the axes of rotation of the first joints (A1). Each suspension pin (16) protrudes from each side of the punch. The length of the suspension pins is greater than the distance separating the two suspension plates (52). These axes are formed for example of a cylinder whose diameter is slightly less than the width of the notches (521) of the suspension plates so that they can easily penetrate into them.

To allow storage folded flat module, it is expected to size the first and second joints (A1, A2) so that the tie (20) can be folded against the rafters (30) of the first set and that these rafters (30 ) can be folded against the punches (10) by interposing the links (20) provided with the rails. For this purpose, the second articulation (A2) is constituted on the one hand by two supports (23) fixed at one end of the inlet (20), away from its face directed towards the chevron (30). These two supports (23) receive an axis of rotation passing at one end of the chevron (30) of the first game. This axis of rotation can be constituted by a bolt and a nut which, when the time comes, can be tightened. The distance between the axis of rotation of the face of the entry directed towards the first chevron is equal to or slightly greater than half the thickness of the chevron (30). Bolts and nuts forming the axis of rotation of the joints are locking means acting directly on these joints (A1, A2).

Similarly, the first hinge (A1) consists on the one hand of two supports (13) fixed on the punch (10) away from the face of the punch directed towards the chevron. These two supports receive an axis of rotation passing to the other end of the chevron (30). Here too, the axis of rotation can be constituted by a bolt and a nut. The distance separating the axis of rotation from the face of the punch (10) directed towards the chevron is equal to or slightly greater than the sum of the thickness of an entrance (20), the thickness of a rail (22) and the half-thickness of the chevron (30).

The same is true of the third articulation (A3) which is dimensioned so as to be able to fold the chevron (40) of the second game on the face of the chevron (30) of the first game opposite to that against which it is folded down. ). For this purpose, it consists on the one hand of two supports fixed on the chevron (30) of the first game by deviating from the face of the chevron opposite to that directed towards the entry (20). These two supports receive an axis of rotation passing through one end of the chevron (40) of the second set, which axis of rotation can be constituted by a bolt and a nut. These bolts and nuts are locking means acting directly on the third joint (A3). Insofar as the faces of the chevrons that touch are smooth (32, 42), it is preferable to place the latter so that they do not come to overlap when the second chevron (40) is folded against the first (30). The end of the second chevron (40) on which is placed the axis of rotation is slightly curved toward the first chevron (30). Thus, the distance separating the axis of rotation from the face of the chevron (30) of the first game directed towards the chevron of the second game (and therefore the face opposite to that directed towards the entrance) is substantially equal to the thickness of the rails. .

The dimensions of these three joints are clearly visible on the figure 9 . It goes without saying that any other embodiment of the joints is possible, the important thing being that the various elements come lay flat on each other to minimize the thickness of the module in the folded position. We see on the figure 9 that the total thickness is limited to the sum of the thicknesses of the fastening means (19), the punch (10), the entry (20) and its rails (22), the first chevron (30) and its rails ( 32) and finally the second chevron (40).

In the example shown in the figures, the module is intended to be fixed on a vertical wall. It is therefore necessary that the punches (10) with their fixing means (19) are located outside the folded module. When the module is intended to be fixed on a horizontal support, it is necessary to reverse the order of folding of the punches and links so that they are the latter which are outside the folded module and the punches inside.

First locking means are provided to block the triangles obtained after deployment of the rafters of the first game and the tie. For this, firstly connecting means are provided, of which a first part (14) is placed at the lower end of the punches (10) and the second part (24) at the end of the links (20). opposite to the articulation (A2). These two parts are united by a bolt and nut system after triangle formation. On the other hand, the joints (A1, A2) are tightened to block them.

Similarly, second blocking means are provided for locking the chevrons (40) of the second set in their deployed position visible in particular on the figures 2 and 13 . For this, it is provided firstly second connecting means for binding the chevrons (40) of the second set on the upper end of the punches (10). The first part of these second connecting means (15) is placed at the upper end of the punches (10) and the second part (45) on the chevrons (40) of the second set. These two parts are secured by a system of bolt and nut. On the other hand, the third joints (A3) are tightened to block them.

The fastening means may include orientation means. In the example of Figures 4 and 5 these fastening and orientation means are constituted by a screw system (19a) which allow to separate or bring the frame of the support and bolts (19b) which serve for fixing itself. The orientation means make it possible to adjust not only the alignment of the modules with each other, but also the verticality of each module.

The different parts of the frame are preferably metallic.

In the examples presented here, the chevrons (40) of the second game come to bear against the top of the punches (10). One could also provide that the first hinge is located at the top of the punches and the second hinge is placed at a distance from the end of the input that does not bear the connecting means (24). In this case, the chevrons (40) of the second set would come to bear against the ends of the opposing links to the connecting means (24).

The frames of the invention can be implemented in different ways.

A first example is shown in Figures 9 to 13 . In a prior step, the lower position of the modules can be marked on the base, usually consisting of a wall (100), for example using an L-angle (101). The editing itself can begin. Each folded module is unloaded from the truck using a crane. The assembly is placed against the wall to which it is then fixed by fastening means (19). The orientation and alignment of the modules are also adjusted.

The rafters (30) of the first game are then lifted using the crane so that they pivot relative to the first joints (A1) to reach their final position. In the same movement, the links (20) are deployed, their free ends opposite to the second joints (A2) sliding against the punches (10) to reach the first connecting means to which they are then attached. To prevent the links (20) beyond the intended position, it can provide retaining means, for example cables (25) whose one end is fixed on a chevron (30) of the first clearance, near the first articulation (A1), and the other on the corresponding entry (20), near the end opposite the second articulation (A2).

To stabilize and strengthen the framework, we can block the first and second joints. For this, it will be possible to fix between them (20) and punches (10) by bolting together the connecting means (14, 24). In addition, we can directly block the first (A1) and the second joints (A2) by tightening the bolts and nuts that are the axes of rotation of these joints

The chevrons (40) of the second game are then deployed. For this, they are straightened using the crane so that they pivot relative to the third joints (A3) to reach their final positions, usually abut against the upper end of the punches where are provided the second connecting means. We can block the third joints (A3). In particular, the chevrons (40) of the second set will be fixed to the punches (10) by bolting together the connecting means (15, 45). In addition, we can directly block the third joints (A3) by tightening the bolts and nuts that are the axes of rotation of these joints.

It remains only to mount the cover plates on the rafters of the first and the second game, and on the links.

This method of assembly is relatively long and expensive. The crane operator must lift the module, hold it in this position while the holes are made in the wall, the orientation of the module is adjusted with wedges and it is fixed to the wall. Only then can the crane operator release the module. Then, the crane is used to lift the rafters of the first game, then the rafters of the second game. For the installation of an awning around a building, as is commonly done on the fast food buildings, it takes between three and four days of work requiring the presence of the truck-crane.

A second example of implementation is shown in Figures 14 to 18 for the first variant and to Figures 19 and 20 for the second variant.

At first, a reference line is drawn on the four sides of the building. A vertical materializing the position of the punch is drawn at the first module and the supports (50) are fixed at appropriate locations on the four sides of the building. The fixing of each support (50) is achieved by means of four tie rods (53) passing through the four bores (511) of the plate (51) and passing through the wall.

To facilitate the work, one can provide tie rods (53) consisting of a threaded rod (531) welded to a washer (532). These tie rods are shown in more detail at figure 8 . The threaded rod (531) is inserted into the hole drilled in the wall (100) from the inside of the building. The free end of the threaded rod, after having passed through the bore (511), thus exceeds the outside of the building, beyond the plate (51). To prevent the threaded rod from turning when screwing and the tie rod back, see falling, it is best to attach the washer (532) to the wall. If the wall is wood, this is done simply with a nail (533). Thus, when the operator fixes the support (50), the ends of the threaded rods of the four tie rods are accessible from the outside. This allows the nut (534) to be tightened from the outside without the presence of an operator inside the building. Locked with the nail, the tie rod is not likely to fall unexpectedly inside, which would require the operator located outside to go down to do 50 m to go inside to put back the tie in place.

The crane truck can now intervene. The crane operator grasps a module in the truck by lifting it with a strap (70) fixed at the first joints (A1). He then deposits the module by making its suspension pins (16) penetrate into the notches (521) of the suspension plates of the corresponding supports (50). The flares at the entrance of the notches facilitate the installation of the module. Once deposited in the supports (50), the module is stably suspended. The center of gravity deported to the outside makes the module is in balance, the bottom of the rafters resting against the wall. Final fixation may occur later. The crane can release the first module to place the next. All modules are thus suspended one after the other without dead time for the crane. The crane truck works without interruption and can be quickly released. Stage a) of the placing method is thus completed.

Once all modules have been suspended, it is possible to deploy them. It is planned to place a deployment device at the top of the module to be deployed, preferably in the center of it. This deployment device is in the form of a bracket (60) provided with a winch (61). In the example presented here, the bracket (60) is fixed by hooks (62) to supports (17) placed on the face of the punches (10) opposite the first joints (A1). These supports (17) are visible on the figure 3 . Another solution is to hang the bracket on the connecting bars (11), as shown in the figure 15 .

The stem (60) consists of an inverted L-shaped body. A winch (61) is placed at the lower end of the vertical leg of the L, on its outer face. A first return pulley (63) is placed at the end of the other leg of the L and a second return pulley (64) is placed substantially at the intersection of the two branches. The two pulleys (63, 64) are placed on the same lateral face of the L. The fixing hooks (62) are located on the branch of the L carrying the winch, on its inner face directed towards the other branch. A strap (65) is partly wound on the winch (61). Its free end is guided on the second pulley (64) and then on the first (63) before being hooked by appropriate means on the second chevron (40) corresponding to the punch (10) on which is fixed the bracket (60) . The strap is preferably attached to the middle of the second chevron (40), for example a smooth (42) or means (43) for fixing the cover plates. The strap is hung on the second chevron preferably by a hook.

As such, the strap from the first return pulley (63) is substantially parallel to the second chevron (40). It is therefore not possible with reasonable force to lift this rafter. A swivel arm (66) is provided on the stem to spread the strap from the vertical so as to create a lever arm when the arm is pivoted to the horizontal. A third pulley (67) is placed at the end of the arm to guide the strap (65). The arm is preferably fixed on the side face of the L-shaped support opposite to the face carrying the first two pulleys (63, 64). It extends beyond the pivot to form a handle.

In a first embodiment, a second strap (68) is fixed between the second chevron (40) and the first chevron (30) corresponding to the punch (10) on which is fixed the bracket. The first end of this second strap (68) is hooked to the second chevron (40), for example at the same place as the first strap (65). The second end of the second strap (68) is hooked to the first chevron (30) towards its center, for example to a rail (32) or means (33) for fixing the cover plates. Like the first strap (65), the second strap (68) can be hooked to the rafters by hooks.

The operator hooks the second strap (68) on the first and second chevron (30, 40) and the first strap (65) on the second chevron (40). It then rises on the roof of the building and, in step b), the bracket is fixed on the punch (10) central module to deploy. It pivots the arm (66) to spread the first strap from the vertical and thus create a lever arm. This is the position shown on the figure 15 .

In parallel, it actuates the winch (61) so that the first strap (65) winds on it. The fourth frame, constituted by the chevrons (40) of the second set joined together by the connecting bars (41), is lifted by pivoting around the third joints (A3). This is step c). When the fourth frame has reached a certain angle (α), the second strap (68) is under tension. This powering up of the second strap is step d). We are in the situation represented in figure 16 . Continuing to wind the first strap on the winch, the fourth frame continues to unfold while the third frame, constituted by the rafters (30) of the first set and the corresponding connecting bars (31), also begins to lift by pivoting around the first joints (A1). This is step e) presented to the figure 17 . The second frame, consisting of the links (20) and corresponding connecting bars (21), pivots in turn around the second joints (A2) by sliding along the punches (10). This deployment movement is indicated to figures 17 and 20 by dots. As soon as the second frame (20, 21) has reached its horizontal end position, perpendicular pins (24) placed at the free ends of the links (20) are placed in receiving cradles (14) placed at the lower ends of the punches ( 10). The receiving cradles (14) form the first part of first connection means while the axes (24) form the second part of these first connecting means. The link axis and the cradle are visible on the figure 21 . Unrepresented locking means are provided to prevent the axis from emerging from the cradle after having landed therein.

It is understood that it is not essential that the ends of the links slide against the punches. One could very well predict that the bolts unfold only once the first set of chevron deployed. Even if the ends of the links glide over the rafters during their deployment, they are not linked to them until they have reached their final position and the first fastening means are not engaged. The deployment of the frame taking place in principle only once during assembly, there is no need to provide guidance means as found in the state of the art.

Arrived at this stage of the deployment, it is no longer possible to operate the winch since the lifting of the third frame (30, 31) and that of the fourth frame (40, 41) are blocked by the penetration of the axes (24) in the reception cradles (14) and the second tensioned strap (68). To continue, the operator, in a step f), unhooks the second strap (68) at least on one side and ends, in a step g), to deploy the fourth frame (40, 41) using the winch. As soon as it reaches the first pulley (63), the operator grasps the fourth frame (40, 41) finishes the deployment until the fourth frame (40, 41) bears against the first (10, 11) and pick up the first strap. At this point, it fixes the fourth frame (40, 41) to the first frame (10, 11) with the aid of the second connecting means (15, 45). The gallows can be removed.

The length of the second strap (68) is chosen so that the deployment of the second frame (20, 21) is completed before the fourth frame (40, 41) has reached the first pulley (63). that is to say before the strap has no effect on the deployment of the fourth frame. In the Figures 14 to 17 , the second strap (68) is stretched when the fourth frame is substantially 90 ° of the third frame (cf. figure 16 ). The weight of the frame, however, does not require that the lifting of the third frame (30, 31) begins when the fourth is at a right angle with it. It is therefore possible to choose the length of the second strap (68) so that the end of the deployment of the second frame (20, 21) with penetration axes (24) in the cradles (14) corresponds to the moment when the fourth frame (40, 41) reaches the first pulley (63). In other words, the second strap (68) is stretched when the fourth frame (40, 41) makes an angle (α) of about 130 ° with the third frame (30, 31). This angle of 130 °, visible on the figure 18 , corresponds to the angle formed by the first chevron (30) in its extended position and the second chevron (40) marked in dashed lines when it touches the first pulley (63). This solution has the advantage that the operator does not have to lean forward to unhook the second strap (68). It goes without saying that if the first pulley (63) is placed differently, or if there is no first pulley, the angle indicated here as being about 130 ° will be modified accordingly.

It is now possible to fix the module to the wall using the plates (19) attached to the bottom of the punches. For each plate, there are four tie rods (19b) and four adjusting screws (19a) which adjust the plumbness and alignment of the modules relative to each other. The embedding of the axes (16) in the notches (521) participates in fixing the modules on the wall. Fixing the module can of course be done before deployment.

Although the example presented uses a first strap (65) and a second strap (68) separated from the first, it is quite conceivable that the second strap is formed by the end of the first and that the means for hooking the fourth frame (40, 41) are provided at a distance from the free end of the strap to hang the strap to the second chevron (40).

When the fourth frame reaches the first pulley (63), the strap has no effect on its deployment. If the dimensions of the L-shaped support were greater and the fourth frame did not come into contact with the first pulley above, the strap would no longer have effect when the distance between the first pulley (63) and the circular curve of the point of attachment is the weakest. One could also imagine that the deployment device is not constituted by the element L, but by a crane. The strap would stop having an effect when the fourth frame reached the top of its race.

In a second variant of the process shown in Figures 19 and 20 the second strap is replaced by a corner piece (68a). As before, the fourth frame (40, 41) is lifted using the strap (65) in step c). As soon as it has reached a certain angle (α), in this case 90 °, a corner piece (68a) is placed in the additional angle, with respect to the chevrons of the first set, to that formed, because of the deployment of the fourth frame, between the fourth frame (40, 41) and the third frame (30, 31). This is the situation represented in figure 19 which corresponds to step d). For this, two shims (36, 46) are provided on the rafters of the first and the second set (30, 40). As soon as the wedge piece is wedged between the wedges, the further deployment of the fourth frame (40, 41) causes the deployment of the third frame (30, 31) and with it the descent of the second frame (20, 21) in step e). As soon as the second and third frames (20, 21/30, 31) have reached their final position shown in solid lines on the figure 20 the strap (65) is released slightly in step f) to release the wedge (68a). This is removed and the deployment of the fourth frame is completed as previously during step g). Again, the angle of 90 ° is not essential, it could very well provide a corner piece forming a different angle. In particular, one could provide a corner piece forming an additional angle of about 50 °. This value of 50 ° refers to the embodiment shown here. It can be adapted to the geometry of the module and the stem.

The second strap (68) and the wedge piece (68a) constitute the means for securing in a common pivoting movement the first and second sets of chevrons. These means are activated for the strap when tensioned, for the wedge piece, when it is wedged between the wedges (36, 46). They are disabled, for the strap when it is unhooked at least on one side, and for the corner piece when it is removed.

With the deployment device (60) of the invention and the support (50) suspension, the crane is only used to put the modules in the supports. Once all the modules are suspended, the crane can restart, the deployment and final fixing of the modules being performed later without his help.

After deployment of the frame, it remains only to mount the cover plates on the rafters of the first and the second game, and on the links.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention not shown here, it is intended to mount the cover sheets on the rails (22, 32, 42) in the workshop. It is necessary to modify the third articulation (A3) so that the sheets of the rafters of the second set (40) are laid flat on the plates of the rafters of the first set (30) when the module is folded.

In the embodiment shown here, the frame is firstly fixed on a vertical support by its punches and secondly allows to create a double-sided roofing roof type coral roof.

As mentioned above, it is also possible to fix the frame on a horizontal support. The role of punches and ties is then reversed. When we deploy the rafters of the first game, it is the punches that recover.

It would be possible to create not a double slope slope type cores, but a roof double slope type Mansart. In the cored-type roofs, the breaking line is inward (concave), whereas in the Mansart-type roofs, the break line is outgoing (convex). In the case of a Mansart type roof, the two sets of rafters are replaced by a set of chevrons in which each rafter consists of two articulated half-chevrons.

By choosing a sufficient length for the rafters of the first game or the second game and by tilting them correctly, it is possible to constitute a complete roofing by means of two modules placed on opposite supports and whose ends of the chevrons would come to join at the top of the building to be covered.

The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the modules can be prefabricated in the workshop, away from the greed of malicious people. In addition, it allows the use of machines that are not available on construction sites. Thus, it is possible to use a robot for welding the connecting bars (11, 21, 31, 41) on the elements (10, 20, 30, 40) of the frame to obtain the rigid frames. The installation time on the site is considerably reduced.

In addition, the ties and punches being connected once the frame deployed, the links are free to pivot upwards to be interposed between the rafters and punches. The height of the folded frame, measured from the first joint connecting the punches and the rafters, is therefore limited to the length of the rafters. The frame of the invention therefore allows a more compact storage that can be achieved with the structures of the state of the art.

List of references:

1

Module

10

punches
11 Link bars
13 Supports for the axis of rotation of the first joint
14 First part of the first liaison means
15 First part of the second connecting means
16 Suspension shaft
17 Support for the gallows
19 Means of fixing the module on the wall
19a Orientation screw
19b Fixing bolts

20

tie beams
21 Link bars
22 Smooth
23 Brackets for the axis of rotation of the second joint
24 Second part of the first liaison means
25 Restraints

30

Chevrons of the first game
31 Link bars
32 Smooth
33 Means for fixing the cover plates
36 Wedge blocking wedge

40

Chevrons of the second game
41 Link bars
42 Smooth
43 Means for fastening cover plates
45 Second part of the second connecting means
46 Wedge blocking wedge

50

Support
51 Platinum
52 Suspension plate
521 Notch
53 tie-rods
531 Threaded rod
532 Washer
533 Anti-rotation and restraint nail
534 Nut

60

gallows
61 Winch
62 Fastening hooks
63 First return pulley
64 Second return pulley
65 Strap
66 Arms
67 Third pulley
68 Second strap
68a Corner room

70

Strap for the crane

100

Fixing wall
101 L-shaped alignment angle

A1

First joints between a punch and a chevron of the first game

A2

Second joints between a chevron of the first game and an entry

A3

Third joints between a chevron of the first game and a chevron of the second game

Claims (20)

Frame (1) for roof or awning with two sides, the frame comprising a set of punches (10), a set of entrances (20), a first set of chevrons (30) and a second set of chevrons (40), at each chevron (30) of the first corresponding game a punch (10) and an input (20) and at each chevron (40) of the second corresponding game a chevron (30) of the first game, characterized ● in that first pivoting joints (A1) are provided for articulating each chevron (30) of the first set on a punch (10); In that second pivoting joints (A2) are provided for articulating each chevron of the first set (30) on an inlet (20); In that third pivoting joints (A3) are provided for articulating each chevron (40) of the second game on a chevron (30) of the first game, these third pivoting articulations being preferably placed on the rafters (30) of the first game. between the first and second pivoting joints (A1, A2); ● in that the links (20) each consist of a rigid bar; and In that first connecting means are provided, one part of which (24) is placed at one end of the links (20) and the other part (14) is placed on the punches (10), the ends bolts carrying a portion of the first connecting means being free and independent of the punches (10) and the rafters of the first set (30) as these first connecting means are not secured after deployment of the rafters (30) of the first set and interstices (20) or punches (10). Frame (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that first locking means are provided for locking the first and second articulations (A1, A2), these first locking means preferably comprising locking means acting directly on the first and / or second articulations (A1, A2); ; and or second locking means are provided for locking the third hinges (A3), these second locking means preferably comprising locking means acting directly on the third hinges and / or second connecting means (15, 45) for securing the chevrons of the second set (40) to the rafters of the first set (30) or the punches or the stakes. Frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first joints (A1) are each constituted by a hinge whose first portion (13) is fixed on a punch (10) and the second part is fixed on a chevron (30) of the first game, in that the second joints (A2) are each constituted by a hinge whose first part (23) is fixed on an inlet (20) and the second part is fixed on a chevron (30). ) of the first set, and in that the third joints (A3) are each constituted by a hinge whose first part is fixed on a chevron (30) of the first set and the second part is fixed on a chevron (40) of the second set Game. Frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first joints (A1) are placed at one end of the rafters (30) of the first set and the second joints (A2) at the other end , and in that - The second joints (A2) are placed at one end of the links (20), and the first joints (A1) are placed at a distance from one end of the punches (10); or in that - That the second joints (A2) are placed at a distance from one end of the links (20) and the first joints (A1) are placed at one end of the punches (10). Frame (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the second blocking means comprise second connecting means (15, 45) for fixing the rafters (40) of the second set to the rafters (30) of the first set or the punches (10) or the links, a part of these second connecting means being placed at one end of the pieces on which the rafters (40) of the second set must be fixed, namely rafters of the first set , punches (10) or intertwined. Framing firm according to one of the preceding claims, the firm being constituted by a punch (10), an entrance (20), a first chevron (30) and a second chevron (40), characterized In that a first pivoting joint (A1) is provided for articulating the first chevron (30) on the punch (10); In that a second pivoting articulation (A2) is provided for articulating the first chevron (30) on the inlet (20); In that a third pivoting articulation (A3) is provided for articulating the second chevron (40) on the first chevron (30), this third articulation pivoting member being preferably placed on the first chevron (30) between the first and second pivoting joints (A1, A2) In that the inlet (20) consists of a rigid bar; and In that first connecting means are provided, one part (24) of which is placed at one end of the inlet (20) and the other part (14) is placed on the punch (10), the end of the inlet provided with a part of the connecting means being free and independent of the punch (10) and the chevron of the first set (30) until these first connecting means are not secured after deployment of the chevron ( 30) of the first game and the input (20) or the punch (10). Method for the installation of a frame (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following steps: a) placing the frame (1) on a base (100); b) placing a deployment device (60) provided with a first strap (65) and hooking the first strap on one of the chevrons (40) of the second chevron set; c) Deployment of the second set of chevrons (40) by pivoting, relative to the first set of chevrons (30), said second set of chevrons (40) around the third joints (A3), to a predetermined angle (α) pulling the portion of the first strap (65) attached to one of the second chevrons (40) obliquely upward on the face side of the frame opposite the base (100); d) activating means (68, 68a) for securing in a common pivoting movement the first set and the second set of chevrons (30, 40); e) Continuing deployment of the second set of chevrons (40) and deployment of the first set of chevrons (30), both by pivoting around the first joints (A1) by pulling up the portion of the first strap (65) attached to one of the second chevrons (40); f) Deactivation of the securing means (68, 68a) after the first set of chevrons (30) has reached its final position; g) Continued deployment of the second set of chevrons (40) to its final position and unhooking of the first strap (65). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the activation of the means for securing the first and the second set of chevrons (30, 40) in a common pivoting movement is achieved by energizing a second strap (68). ) previously hung, preferably in step (b), between one of the rafters of the first set (30) and one of the rafters of the second set (40), the second strap (68) being preferably hooked by one of its ends on the same chevron of the second set (40) as the first strap (65) and at its other end on the chevron of the corresponding first game (30). Process according to Claim 8, characterized in that the deactivation of the securing means (68) is carried out - by the stall of the second strap (68) of the chevron of the first game (30) and / or the chevron of the second game (40) when the first set of chevrons (30) has reached its final position; or - by the stall of the first strap (65) of the chevron of the second set (40) when the first strap (65) has no effect on the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40) before or at the same time as the first set of chevrons (30) has reached its final position. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the activation of the means for securing the first and second set of rafters (30, 40) in a common pivoting movement is carried out by fixing a wedge piece (68a) in the an additional angle relative to the chevron of the first set (30) to that formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40), between the chevron of the second set (40) on which is hooked the first strap (65) and the chevron of the first game (30) corresponding, the deactivation of the fastening means being preferably achieved by removing the wedge element when the first set of chevrons has reached its final position. Method according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the securing means are activated when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40), between the second set of chevrons (40) and the first set of chevrons (30) is of the order of 90; or when the angle formed between the second set of chevrons (40) and the first set of chevrons (30), due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40), is substantially equal to the angle formed between the first and the second set of chevrons (30, 40) when the first strap (65) has no effect on the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40) and the first set of chevrons (30) has reached its final position . Method according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the deactivation of the securing means (68, 68a) is performed when the set of entrances (20) and the first set of chevrons (30) have reached their positions finals. Method according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the establishment of the frame (1) on the base (100) is achieved by the suspension of the frame by means of supports (50) fixed on the base and provided with notches (521) into which suspension pins (16) placed on at least two punches (10) spaced from the lower end of the punches can penetrate. Deployment device for implementing the method according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that it comprises a first strap (65), means (61, 63, 64) for pulling the end of the first webbing (65) upwardly and / or obliquely upwardly and on the side of the face of the frame opposed to the base, and means (68, 68a) for securing in a common pivoting movement the first set and the second set of chevrons (30, 40). Deployment device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the means for pulling the end of the first strap (65) upwardly and / or obliquely upwards and on the side of the face of the frame opposite to the base are constituted by an inverted L support, a winch (61) placed on the L-shaped support, preferably in the bottom of the vertical leg of the L, and by at least one pulley (63) placed at the end of the horizontal branch of the L, means (62) being provided for fixing on the frame (1) said means (60) for pulling upwards, so that the horizontal branch of the L-shaped support is oriented in the same direction as the face of the frame opposite to the base. Deployment device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the means for securing the first set and the second set of chevrons (30, 40) are constituted by a second strap (68). Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first strap (65) and the second strap (68) are integral, the first strap (65) and the second strap (68) being preferably a single piece and means gripping for the second set of chevrons (40) being provided at a distance from the end of the single strap (65, 68). Deployment device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the means for securing the first set and the second set of chevrons (30, 40) are constituted by a wedge piece (68a) which can be placed in the additional corner relative to the first chevron (30) to that formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40), between the chevron (40) of the second game on which is attached the first strap and the chevron (30) of the first game corresponding. Deployment device according to one of Claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the securing means (68, 68a) are dimensioned to be activated when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40), between the second set of chevrons (40) and the first set of chevrons (30) is of the order of 90 °; or - when the angle formed, due to the deployment of the second chevron set (40), between the second set of chevrons (40) and the first set of chevrons (30) is substantially equal to the angle formed between the first and the second set of chevrons (30, 40) when the first strap (65) has no effect on the deployment of the second set of chevrons (40) and the first set of chevrons (30) has reached its final position . Deployment device according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that it is provided with a pivoting arm fixed on the L-shaped support, a pulley being fixed at one end of the arm for guiding the strap into away from the face of the frame opposite the base when the arm is pivoted to the horizontal, the arm continuing beyond the pivot to form a handle.

Images