EP2567757B1 - Vorrichtung zur Benetzung einer Warenbahn mit einer Flüssigkeit - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Benetzung einer Warenbahn mit einer Flüssigkeit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2567757B1 EP2567757B1 EP11180429.0A EP11180429A EP2567757B1 EP 2567757 B1 EP2567757 B1 EP 2567757B1 EP 11180429 A EP11180429 A EP 11180429A EP 2567757 B1 EP2567757 B1 EP 2567757B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- web
- liquid
- recited
- material web
- wetting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012196 polytetrafluoroethylene based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
- B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
- B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
- B05C1/0826—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets
- B05C1/083—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets being passed between the coating roller and one or more backing rollers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C21/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, not provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C19/00
- B05C21/005—Masking devices
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
- D06B1/10—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by contact with a member carrying the treating material
- D06B1/14—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by contact with a member carrying the treating material with a roller
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for wetting a web with a liquid, wherein the web is passed in a running direction through the device, comprising guide means for guiding the web and application means for applying the liquid to the web.
- wet webs such as a film, a nonwoven, a paper or a textile knitted fabric
- liquid chemicals to provide the web with a functional equipment.
- This may be, for example, a dyeing, an impregnation, a stain-proof coating, a nano-coating, an antibacterial coating or the like.
- Such a method and a corresponding device are for example from DE 10 2006 038 339 A1 known.
- the web to be wetted is guided over a rotating applicator roll, which is partially immersed in a chemical tank and by means of which the chemical is applied from the tub to the web.
- Two guide rolls which are arranged in front of and behind the applicator roll, serve to guide the fabric web over the applicator roll.
- a disadvantage of the known from the prior art devices is that it depends on the contact angle between the web on the applicator roll, the web speed, the web grammage, the application roller speed and the viscosity of the wetting substance at the apex of the applicator roll for penetrating the substance through the Web can come.
- the degree of penetration can be so strong that not inconsiderable amounts of the wetting liquid on the side facing away from the applicator roll of the web emerge from this, be thrown in the web direction of travel into the environment and thus lead to an aerosol mist.
- This aerosol mist is disadvantageous in many respects. Thus, it settles on the surrounding surfaces of the system, which makes them dirty and can be significantly attacked, depending on the chemical. Such contamination of the system can permanently reduce plant safety. Settling on floors and stairs leads to slippery surfaces that pose a risk of injury to people working on the device. These are also exposed to a potentially harmful contamination of the air through the aerosol mist. Liquid that settles on the surrounding parts of the installation, in particular on trusses running over the material web, can drip down onto the material web and thus adversely affect product quality. Finally, the escaping into the environment aerosol mist means a significant cost overhead, since up to 30% of the substance to be applied to pass through the web and volatilize and can not be used for wetting.
- suction hoods for extracting the aerosol mist are used above the web in the field of wetting, such as in the DE 10 2008 040 414 A1 described, however, which represent a major plant outlay and only with a certain structural condition Distance to the web can be installed. For this reason, such devices can not prevent liquid volatilizes in the immediate vicinity of the wetted web and / or deposited on machine parts. Also, liquid that settles in the edge regions of the suction hood, drip back onto the web. In addition, the extracted liquid usually can not be used for wetting, so that the loss of such liquid is still significant.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device for wetting a web with a liquid, which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
- the device according to the invention for wetting a material web with a liquid is characterized in that a spray protection which can be placed on the material web to be wiped is provided and the material web can be guided in a running direction between the application means and the splashguard.
- the invention provides a mechanical protection device under which the material web runs over the application means and by means of which an aerosol mist which spreads out into the environment of the material web can be effectively prevented already at the point of origin.
- the splash guard rests directly on the web, so that volatilization of the wetting chemical and thus a loss of application liquid can be completely prevented.
- the fabric splash guard rather a uniform, homogeneous impregnation of the web is effected.
- Liquid that passes through the web moistens the web of the side facing the splash guard, but this is immediately cleaned from the trailing web.
- the finished wetted web due to the penetration of the wetting chemical on both sides have the same properties.
- At least one applicator roll is provided as the application means, which rotates in a tub containing the wetting liquid and over which the fabric web is passed away.
- the application means By applied in certain areas on the applicator cover strips can also be a strip order can be realized.
- other application mechanisms for example a spray application, are also possible.
- guide means preferably guide rollers and at least one dipping roller are provided, by means of which the web can be guided in a straight line and tightly over the application means, in particular over the applicator roll.
- the fountain roller is usually adjustable in height, so that their position can be chosen so that the web has contact with the applicator roll.
- the splash guard according to the invention is formed in one embodiment of the invention as a film which has a sufficient resistance to chemicals.
- the film is particularly preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, for example, known as Teflon ® from DuPont) is manufactured.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Such films are liquid impermeable, so that in the region of the cover of the web through the film no wetting chemical can escape. They can adapt extremely flexibly to the web and are uncomplicated to manufacture and provide.
- PTFE is also characterized by a very high chemical resistance and is not attacked even by aggressive chemicals. It also has a very low coefficient of friction, so that the PTFE film of the moving web despite tight concerns against excessive resistance and is subject to little wear.
- PTFE Due to its low surface tension, PTFE is difficult to wet, so that, as already stated above, liquid that has passed through the fabric web is directly cleaned off the trailing material web and does not permanently adhere to the film.
- PTFE-based materials are contemplated, eg PTFE-coated fabric webs or woven PTFE film webs and the like.
- the splash guard which is preferably formed as a film, extends in the running direction L of the web over the area in which the wetting takes place, i. when using an applicator roll in general on the vertex of the applicator roll, as well as a preceding this and an adjoining this range of z. B. in each case at most 1 m, preferably in each case at most 0.75 m, as well as at least over the entire width of the web. In this way, it is ensured that no liquid can be thrown off the material web from a defined area around the application medium.
- the splash guard is held by retaining means on the web.
- This may be, for example, at least two hollow profiles extending transversely to the direction L of the web and between which the splash guard is clamped at both ends.
- the holding means are preferably height-adjustable, so that by appropriate positioning of the holding means, the film can be stretched and pressed onto the running web or easily to increase the voltage can be pressed into it.
- the applicator roll 5 rotates in a filled with a chemical 3 tub 9, in which it partially immersed.
- the chemical 3 is used to impregnate the web 2 and is transmitted to the web 2 by contact contact in the region of the vertex S of the applicator roll 5.
- a foil 4 splash guard made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the web 2 on.
- the thickness of the film 4 is for example 0.1 mm - 1 mm and is in FIG. 1 , in particular in relation to the thickness of the web 2, not shown to scale.
- the film 4 extends in the running direction L of the web 2 over the region of the apex S of the applicator roll 5, in which the wetting takes place, as well as a preceding this and an adjoining this range of 0.5 m. Transverse to the direction L, the film 4 extends over the entire width of the web. 2
- the film 4 is clamped at its two ends facing the guide rollers 6 and the fountain roller 7 in also transverse to the direction L extending holding means 8, which are formed as hollow profiles. Through this, the film 4 is held on the web 2.
- the holding means 8 are height-adjustable according to arrows H1, H3 formed, so that the film 4 is first brought to the web 2 and then pressed onto the web 2 or can be easily pressed into this to improve the voltage.
- the height adjustment can equally on both holding means 8 act or each holding means 8 is assigned its own, independent height adjustment.
- the composite of film 4 and web 2 is pressed by the holding means 8 with constant contact pressure on the applicator roll 5. As a result, a uniform wetting of the web 2 with the chemical 3 is made possible, without creating dead spaces between the applicator roll 5, web 2 and film 4, in which liquid could collect. This mode of operation is referred to as hydrophilic production.
- the holding means 8 and also the usually height-adjustable dip roller 7 can be adjusted so that the web 2 runs in a straight line over the applicator roll 5, but the film 4 serving as a splash guard still maintains surface contact with the web 2.
- This operating position is also referred to as hydrophobic production.
- a device which prevents the formation of an aerosol mist in the wetting of a web with a liquid and all the disadvantages associated therewith and thus leads in particular to a significant saving in wetting liquid.
- a particular advantage of the device according to the invention lies in its flexibility and ease of retrofitting.
- the splash guard can be easily adapted to different web dimensions and installed in a variety of plant types, even subsequently.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11180429.0A EP2567757B1 (de) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Vorrichtung zur Benetzung einer Warenbahn mit einer Flüssigkeit |
DK11180429.0T DK2567757T3 (da) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Apparat til at væde en materialebane med en væske |
ES11180429.0T ES2512765T3 (es) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Dispositivo para la humectación de una banda sin fin con un líquido |
KR1020120097693A KR101395173B1 (ko) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-04 | 액체를 이용하는?웹 제품의 습윤 장치 |
CA2789160A CA2789160C (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-05 | Apparatus for wetting a web of material with a liquid |
JP2012194728A JP5683546B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-05 | 帯状製品への溶液浸潤装置 |
CN201210327765.7A CN103061060B (zh) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-06 | 用液体润湿货物带的装置 |
MYPI2012003987A MY175796A (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-06 | Apparatus for wetting a web of material with a liquid |
BR102012022545-0A BR102012022545B1 (pt) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-06 | dispositivo para umectar uma sessão de material com um líquido |
US13/607,231 US9636700B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-07 | Apparatus for wetting a web of material with a liquid |
ARP120103305A AR087954A1 (es) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-07 | Dispositivo para el humedecimiento de una banda sinfin con un liquido |
MX2012010355A MX2012010355A (es) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-07 | Dispositivo para el humedecimiento de una banda sin fin con un liquido. |
SA112330829A SA112330829B1 (ar) | 2011-09-07 | 2012-09-08 | جهاز لترطيب شبكة مادة بسائل |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11180429.0A EP2567757B1 (de) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Vorrichtung zur Benetzung einer Warenbahn mit einer Flüssigkeit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2567757A1 EP2567757A1 (de) | 2013-03-13 |
EP2567757B1 true EP2567757B1 (de) | 2014-07-09 |
Family
ID=44677643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11180429.0A Active EP2567757B1 (de) | 2011-09-07 | 2011-09-07 | Vorrichtung zur Benetzung einer Warenbahn mit einer Flüssigkeit |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9636700B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2567757B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5683546B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101395173B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103061060B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR087954A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR102012022545B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2789160C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2567757T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2512765T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2012010355A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY175796A (zh) |
SA (1) | SA112330829B1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10086535B2 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2018-10-02 | B9Creations, LLC | Additive manufacturing device with sliding plate and peeling film |
CN104971854A (zh) * | 2015-05-03 | 2015-10-14 | 佛山市崇源机械有限公司 | 一种组合式斜纹辊涂布的工艺 |
US20210323298A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-10-21 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Conditioning rollers |
KR102102435B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-04-20 | 한국건설기술연구원 | 부착력을 향상시킨 텍스타일 그리드 제조장치 및 그 방법 |
US11400479B1 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-08-02 | Michael A. Ellis | Adhesive applicator control system |
CN217774594U (zh) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-11-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 涂布系统 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1063892B (de) * | 1956-11-09 | 1959-08-20 | Smithe Machine Co Inc F L | Vorrichtung fuer Papierverarbeitungs-maschinen zum Auffangen des aus einer Auftragvorrichtung verspritzten Klebstoffs |
US3982056A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1976-09-21 | International Paper Company | Method for improving the printability characteristics of gloss calendered paper |
JPS5910360A (ja) * | 1982-07-07 | 1984-01-19 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 接着剤の塗布装置 |
JPH0825168B2 (ja) * | 1992-12-07 | 1996-03-13 | ミサワホーム株式会社 | シート貼着装置 |
GB9805815D0 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 1998-05-13 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Manufacturing process |
WO1999055966A1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1999-11-04 | Valmet Corporation | Method and arrangement for coating a moving web |
US6264743B1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-07-24 | Nordson Corporation | Vacuum assisted overspray controller and method |
JP4836372B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-20 | 2011-12-14 | リンテック株式会社 | コーティング方法およびロッドコータ |
US7563326B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2009-07-21 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Device for coating and drying both sides of a material web of paper or board |
KR20040083818A (ko) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-06 | 문의배 | 자유낙하식 표면 도포장치 및 그를 이용한 도포방법 |
KR200316021Y1 (ko) * | 2003-03-28 | 2003-06-18 | 한재권 | 종이다발 결속용 인쇄밴드의 접착제 도포장치 |
DE102006038339B4 (de) | 2006-08-15 | 2008-08-21 | Andritz Küsters GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausrüstung einer Warenbahn |
KR100770345B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-27 | 2007-10-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | 절연코팅설비에서 비산용액 제거장치 |
EP2288505B1 (de) * | 2008-05-15 | 2011-12-07 | Manroland AG | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum auftragen von kaltfolienmaterial auf ein bogenmaterial in einer verarbeitungsmaschine |
DE102008040414A1 (de) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Vorhang-Auftragswerk |
CN101897464A (zh) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-01 | 上海亦晨信息科技发展有限公司 | 具有涂覆和烘干功能的传送系统 |
-
2011
- 2011-09-07 DK DK11180429.0T patent/DK2567757T3/da active
- 2011-09-07 ES ES11180429.0T patent/ES2512765T3/es active Active
- 2011-09-07 EP EP11180429.0A patent/EP2567757B1/de active Active
-
2012
- 2012-09-04 KR KR1020120097693A patent/KR101395173B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-05 JP JP2012194728A patent/JP5683546B2/ja active Active
- 2012-09-05 CA CA2789160A patent/CA2789160C/en active Active
- 2012-09-06 MY MYPI2012003987A patent/MY175796A/en unknown
- 2012-09-06 CN CN201210327765.7A patent/CN103061060B/zh active Active
- 2012-09-06 BR BR102012022545-0A patent/BR102012022545B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-07 MX MX2012010355A patent/MX2012010355A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-07 US US13/607,231 patent/US9636700B2/en active Active
- 2012-09-07 AR ARP120103305A patent/AR087954A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-08 SA SA112330829A patent/SA112330829B1/ar unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR102012022545B1 (pt) | 2020-07-28 |
MX2012010355A (es) | 2013-03-15 |
US20130068158A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
CA2789160A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
JP2013056330A (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
CN103061060B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
KR20130027431A (ko) | 2013-03-15 |
CN103061060A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
CA2789160C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
ES2512765T3 (es) | 2014-10-24 |
BR102012022545A2 (pt) | 2014-12-02 |
DK2567757T3 (da) | 2014-10-20 |
AR087954A1 (es) | 2014-04-30 |
KR101395173B1 (ko) | 2014-05-15 |
MY175796A (en) | 2020-07-09 |
SA112330829B1 (ar) | 2015-07-22 |
EP2567757A1 (de) | 2013-03-13 |
US9636700B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
JP5683546B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
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