EP2561421A1 - Dispositif permettant de proceder a des calculs arithmetiques - Google Patents
Dispositif permettant de proceder a des calculs arithmetiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2561421A1 EP2561421A1 EP11721342A EP11721342A EP2561421A1 EP 2561421 A1 EP2561421 A1 EP 2561421A1 EP 11721342 A EP11721342 A EP 11721342A EP 11721342 A EP11721342 A EP 11721342A EP 2561421 A1 EP2561421 A1 EP 2561421A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elementary
- pieces
- faces
- piece
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06C—DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN WHICH ALL THE COMPUTATION IS EFFECTED MECHANICALLY
- G06C1/00—Computing aids in which the computing members form at least part of the displayed result and are manipulated directly by hand, e.g. abacuses or pocket adding devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B1/00—Manually or mechanically operated educational appliances using elements forming, or bearing, symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways
- G09B1/32—Manually or mechanically operated educational appliances using elements forming, or bearing, symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways comprising elements to be used without a special support
- G09B1/36—Manually or mechanically operated educational appliances using elements forming, or bearing, symbols, signs, pictures, or the like which are arranged or adapted to be arranged in one or more particular ways comprising elements to be used without a special support the elements being connectible by corresponding projections and recesses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
- G09B19/02—Counting; Calculating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for performing arithmetic calculations by providing in particular a symbolic visual representation of the result, the mental process implemented during the process of mental calculation, and the various operating modes that can be used to to achieve this result. It concerns in particular, but not exclusively, a device which facilitates the realization and the comprehension of the four basic arithmetic operations and the apprehension of digital sequences by young children.
- abacuses are used, usually in base 10, where the representation of units, tens, and hundreds is done according to the position balls on the stems.
- abacuses require first knowing how to split the numbers into hundreds, tens and units, and more generally requires knowledge that is difficult for young children to assimilate.
- the abacuses are relatively bulky and expensive.
- the object of the invention is therefore more particularly to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a device that makes it possible to obtain a visual representation of all the processes implemented during a calculation as well as the result of said arithmetic calculation, means of simple and intuitive manipulations.
- the invention proposes a device for performing arithmetic calculations, characterized in that it comprises a succession of elementary parts articulated to each other by means of connecting mechanisms allowing:
- each elementary piece with respect to an adjacent elementary piece, so as to allow each of the elementary pieces to take a determined number of positions each associated with at least one of its faces, each of said faces comprising a distinct pattern.
- distinct pattern it is meant that on each elementary part, the patterns present on the visible faces are different two by two from one face to the other.
- said linking mechanism also makes it possible to impart a tilting movement to each elementary piece so that it can be offset with respect to the adjacent elementary piece and remain in the folded position.
- two adjacent elementary parts of the device can be in contact by two respective faces, said relative angular movement of each elementary part being a rotational movement about an axis orthogonal to the faces in contact, and said tilting movement being a movement of rotation around a stop of face.
- the elementary parts of the device comprise faces delimited by edges, these parts being in contact two by two by two respective faces. They are connected in an articulated manner so that they can take two types of rotation movements:
- these elementary parts can be aligned, that is to say connected in pairs, the device does not include branching, and each have the shape of a polyhedron, including the shape of a cube.
- the different types of pattern may comprise distinct shapes and / or colors.
- each pattern may be a visual pattern that includes a combination of shapes and distinct colors, excluding numbers.
- the device makes it possible to perform mathematical operations only using patterns arranged on certain faces of the elementary parts, without the aid of any number.
- a first pattern may consist of a background color of the elementary parts, the other patterns being reproduced identically on each elementary part.
- the background color may be the color of the material that constitutes the elementary part.
- the first pattern is simply constituted by the color of the material, for example a plastic material, which constitutes the elementary part, the other patterns being reproduced identically on each elementary part. They are for example deposited or fixed on this background color.
- each visible pattern faces aligned relative to each other, a unit and / or ten and / or a hundred, etc., which allows the user to view with said patterns the number of units added or subtracted to a certain quantity and the number of times a specified quantity is multiplied or divided and the number of units included in a certain quantity.
- the different types of patterns each associated with a basic arithmetic operation, can be distinguished from each other by the use of distinct shapes and / or colors.
- said patterns may be tactile, that is to say that they can be recognized by touch.
- the patterns may have reliefs, hollow or hump, or have different roughness to be recognizable by the visually impaired. They can be simply tactile, or visual and tactile.
- said cubes can comprise two types of faces:
- connection faces which are opposite faces of the cube, serve only to provide means for holding and rotating an elementary part relative to the other, only the visible faces, each with their pattern, serve to calculation.
- the elementary parts can be connected to each other by means of joints which may consist in particular of spherical joints such as ball joints, elastic joints, articulated joints.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b are a diagrammatic representation, viewed from three-quarter faces and from above of an elementary part of the device according to the invention
- FIGS. 1a and 1d are a schematic representation, seen from three-quarter face and from below an elementary part of the device according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, with a demonstration of a succession of elementary parts articulated to each other, the device being used to perform an addition operation.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, with a demonstration of a succession of elementary parts articulated to each other, the device being used to perform a subtraction operation.
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, with a demonstration of a succession of elementary parts articulated to each other, the device being used to perform a multiplication operation.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention, with a highlighting of a succession of elementary parts. articulated to each other, the device being used to perform a division operation.
- the device according to the invention comprises a succession of elementary parts 1, articulated to each other, in particular two by two , by means of linking mechanisms, which allow:
- the linking mechanisms are shaped so as to allow:
- each elementary part 1 of the device according to the invention comprises at least one through orifice 5, the two ends of which open at two opposite faces 6, 6 'of said piece 1.
- These orifices 5 are shaped so as to:
- At least one elastic ring (not shown) constituting a means of connection and elastic articulation; this elastic ring consists of a strand of elastic material, such as rubber, having substantially a loop shape, which allows it to be connected to the parts elementary 1: at least one "looped" ring connects all the elementary pieces 1 of a single group of these pieces 1.
- each elementary part 1 comprises two pairs of through holes 5 whose ends open at two opposite faces 6, 6 '.
- Each of these pairs of orifices 5 comprises an elastic ring having substantially the shape of a loop.
- the orifices 5 are designed to receive at least one resilient ring (not shown) participating in the means of connection and elastic articulation, said ring being common to all the elementary parts 1 of the device, so as to exert a force tending to apply each elementary room on the adjacent room (s).
- the elastic ring consists of a strand of elastic material, such as rubber, having substantially a loop shape. It crosses all the through holes of the parts which allows it to be connected to the elementary parts 1: at least one ring "looped" connects all the elementary parts 1 of a device.
- the elastic ring realizes the alignment of the orifices 5 and thus the alignment of the patterns of the visible faces. ie the "reset" of the device.
- each face 6, 6 'where the said openings 5 open may comprise holding means having shape conformities with corresponding holding means disposed on a facing face 6, 6 ', of an adjacent elementary piece 1.
- these holding means cooperate, thus ensuring optimum maintenance of the elementary parts 1 relative to each other.
- the two ends of the at least one through orifice may open at two connecting faces of said elementary part, said orifice being provided to receive at least one elastic rod participating in the connecting means and elastic articulation, said resilient ring being common to all the elementary parts of the device, so as to exert a force tending to apply each elementary part on the part (s) adjacent (s).
- the holding means maintain them in blocking relationship with respect to each other.
- the advantage is that when the user grasps two adjacent elementary pieces to rotate them axially or even to tilt them, he drives in the same movement all the elementary parts that are upstream and downstream of the two pieces manipulated, he you do not have to manipulate all the parts.
- each of said faces 6, 6 comprises a central space into which said openings 5 open, this central space being surrounded by excrescences comprising two groups:
- the opposite or opposite face 6 ' such as that shown in FIG. 1.a, comprises:
- Said projecting ends are, for example, pins 7 which cooperate with the openings 8.
- the nipples 7 and the openings 8 are shaped so that the nipples
- said protuberances are arranged in such a way that the space separating two adjacent excrescences defines a groove 9 substantially coaxial with the openings of said orifices 5.
- the tilting of the elementary parts 1 to obtain the desired alignment is thus achieved thanks to the elasticity of the rods which makes it possible to stretch all the elementary parts 1 and to thus cause the separation of the holding elements (projecting end 7 / recess 8).
- grooves 9 define notches which extend on an apparent face (16, 16 ', 16 ", 16'") from a stop connecting an apparent face and a connecting face.
- a ring can engage in said groove 9 to keep folded two elementary parts one on the other.
- the ends having a recess 8 may comprise a notch 11 extending on either side of said recess 8, shaped so as to allow a projecting end 7 to engage therein to guide and hold it in position.
- the corner protuberances and the median protuberances which comprise a recess 8 may comprise a notch 11 which extends on either side of said recess 8, shaped so as to allow a pin 7 to be able to engage in it so as to guide and hold it in position
- the holding elements make it possible to ensure a hinge effect favoring the maintenance of the elementary pieces 1 around the tilting axis.
- the inner faces of the protuberances d end or wedge surmounted by a projecting end 7 on the faces 6 of the adjacent elementary parts 1, as well as those of the projecting ends 7 on the faces 6, can be truncated, which allows to optimize the maintenance in place corresponding elementary parts 1.
- the connecting mechanisms consist of spherical joints which may comprise a ball joint (not shown) involving a rod connected on one side to the side face of an elementary part 1 and having on the other side a sphere, indifferently hollow or full.
- This assembly comprises a second element integral with the lateral face of an adjacent elementary piece 1, which comprises a spherical cavity into which the sphere engages.
- the dimensions of the sphere and the cavity are provided in such a way that the sphere is held captive in the cavity by being able to "swivel" and that consequently, a user can print a relative angular movement of each elementary piece 1 relative to to an adjacent elementary part 1.
- said rod may be flexible.
- the connecting mechanisms consist of articulated joints (not shown) which may comprise for example Oldham seals or universal joints, each end of which is connected to a face lateral of two adjacent elementary pieces 1.
- the elementary parts 1 are aligned, that is to say connected in pairs, and may each have the shape of a polyhedron that may consist of a cube whose length of each side is preferably substantially equal to two centimeters.
- these elementary pieces 1 is not limiting; they can thus, by way of example, have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, a right prism with a triangular base, a dodecahedron, etc.
- each of the visible faces 16, 16 ', 16 ", 16"' of the elementary pieces 1 comprises a distinct pattern 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"', these different types of patterns being distinguishable from each other through the use of distinct shapes and / or colors.
- each elementary part 1 may comprise:
- An apparent face 16 having a first specific pattern 3 which may consist of a background of a uniform color, which may be the color of the material in which the elementary piece is made;
- An apparent face 16 ' having a second specific pattern 3' which may consist of a solid circle or disc having a color or shade of tone which differs from said background color;
- an apparent face 16 "having a third specific pattern 3" which may consist of a void circle coaxial with said face, and having a color or shade of tone that differs from said background color;
- An apparent face 16 "'having a fourth specific pattern 3"' which may consist of a solid circle or disc having a color or shade of tone which differs from said background color but also from that of the full circle of the second pattern 3 '.
- Patterns other than the background color can be obtained by painting, pad printing or clipping a pellet on an apparent face of an elementary part.
- the advantage of clipping is that it allows you to "customize" a device from a wide variety of different color pellets.
- said visual patterns can be recognizable tactilely to allow: • blind and / or visually impaired to be able to use the device according to the invention;
- the relief of the patterns 3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"' can be obtained by conventional techniques such as in particular the technique of thermo-relief, thermoforming, etching, molding.
- one of the patterns may comprise an axial boss, recessed or raised; an absence of boss is another way of tactile recognition.
- the patterns are only tactile.
- the device according to the invention comprises groups of ten, twenty or one hundred elementary pieces 1 aligned connected in pairs, and may comprise for example twenty or one hundred pieces.
- the device according to the invention comprises an even number of aligned elementary pieces 1, connected in pairs, subdivided into at least two groups, each comprising an identical number of elementary pieces 1, namely:
- a first group of elementary parts 1 whose faces included in the alignment comprise a specific background (for example, a white background);
- the device according to the invention may comprise a number of elementary pieces 1 equal to a cubic power of f in order to allow the realization of cubes each having elementary pieces 1 side.
- the number of elementary pieces 1 extending the elementary parts 1 of the device according to this embodiment of the invention comprises a bottom having a distinct color. of that of these g elementary parts 1, g being equal to the integer part of the quotient of (f / 10) multiplied by ten.
- the groups of adjacent elementary pieces 1 may be connected to each other by means of an elastic rod of the aforesaid type which engages in a central through hole 10 of the end elementary piece 1 of the group of adjacent elementary pieces 1 before these strands are introduced into two corresponding orifices 5 of said part 1 by means of communicating passages 12; conversely, said rods can advantageously be withdrawn from said orifices 5 by means of said communicating passages 12, which makes it possible to separate two adjacent groups.
- each central orifice 10 may have, at least in its part which opens into the faces 6, 6 'of the elementary parts 1 , a star-shaped cross section, the branches 12 of the latter which extend to the orifices 5, constituting openings for installing and removing the rods.
- each face 6, 6 'of end elementary pieces 1 may comprise projecting shapes 13 arranged between each of said branches 12 , which make it possible to optimize the retention in place of the rods.
- the device may comprise a plurality of groups of parts 21, 22 each comprising ten elementary parts, the first patterns 3 of the parts of the groups being alternated.
- a device comprising several groups of ten elementary pieces connected to each other and whose first patterns, that is to say the background colors, are alternating reveals itself as a powerful tool for learning basic mathematical operations .
- first alternate patterns is meant that the device uses two background colors, but two groups of ten pieces with the same background color are not joined. This arrangement allows the user to visualize the relationship of an operand or result to one or more tens, which is the basis of our decimal system.
- the device could use more than two background colors, the important thing is that the background colors of the parts of two adjacent groups are distinct.
- each visible pattern faces aligned relative to each other, a unit and / or ten and / or a hundred, etc., which allows the user to view with said patterns the number of units added or subtracted to a certain quantity and the number of times a specified quantity is multiplied or divided and the number of units included in a certain quantity.
- the device may further comprise, at one of its ends, a group comprising a number of elementary pieces less than ten and whose first pattern 3 is different from the alternating patterns of the groups 21, 22 comprising ten elementary pieces.
- the device comprises 27 elementary pieces so as to be able to perform the operation 3 3 , and the bottom pattern of the first ten pieces is the white and the bottom pattern of the next ten pieces is black; the remaining seven pieces can be translucent.
- the invention proposes two solutions for recognizing groups of ten pieces by touching:
- a difference in particle size of the surface of the elementary pieces 1 may be associated with the difference in colors, hues or shades of the background,
- the invention proposes either to eliminate this small relief for the pieces at the end of ten, or at the opposite of removing it for all the pieces of a dozen and to maintain it only for the stop which is in limit of a dozen.
- the faces of these b (six) elementary pieces 1, which appear in the same alignment situated in the axis of the user's view, comprise the same pattern 3 ', 3 "or 3"', distinct from the patterns 3 ', 3 "or 3"' of the aligned faces of the set of c elementary pieces 1 having not been the object of the relative angular movement;
- the pattern chosen for the faces of the b (six) elementary pieces 1 which appear in the same alignment is constituted by the third specific pattern 3 ", the empty circle symbolizing the disappearance of the unit, which was associated with the full circle.
- the user can view the result represented by the a (eight) elementary pieces 1 that have not been subject to a relative angular movement.
- the user by virtue of said patterns 3 ', 3 ", 3'" associated with the different background colors, can identify and isolate all the complements necessary for the mental calculation of this subtraction, namely four to reach ten and two. to reach eight;
- the multiplication can also be carried out by constitution of a matrix surface which consists in constructing a quadrilateral of sides d * e (3 * 4), whose number of constitutive elements corresponds to the sought result; as illustrated in FIG. 3, the user can visualize that the result (12) consists of ten and two additional pieces,
- ⁇ division by matrix surface which consists in constructing the largest possible quadrilateral, one side of which consists of g (three) elementary pieces 1, aligned or not according to the mode of construction; the number of constituent elements on the other side of the quadrilateral corresponds to the quotient.
- the number of elementary parts of the device is sufficient, and thanks to the ability to print three-dimensional tilting movements to the parts, ie a tilting movement which is not limited to a plan, it is possible to illustrate the cubic power of a number.
- the path of the child's mind becomes visible to the pedagogue, who can observe the manipulations that are the result of the mental processes that the child uses to solve an arithmetic problem.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to achieve the result by using very different operating modes, which enables each child to develop his own path in order to achieve the result.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1001706A FR2959326B1 (fr) | 2010-04-21 | 2010-04-21 | Dispositif permettant de proceder a des calculs arithmetiques |
PCT/FR2011/000236 WO2011131862A1 (fr) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-04-19 | Dispositif permettant de proceder a des calculs arithmetiques |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2561421A1 true EP2561421A1 (fr) | 2013-02-27 |
Family
ID=43303720
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11721342A Withdrawn EP2561421A1 (fr) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-04-19 | Dispositif permettant de proceder a des calculs arithmetiques |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2561421A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2959326B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011131862A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR317960A (fr) * | 1902-01-21 | 1902-10-02 | Ristic | Un appareil à calculer |
US4466799A (en) * | 1983-01-06 | 1984-08-21 | Jason Argiro | Cuboid block, instructional device for multiplication tables |
US5302148A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1994-04-12 | Ted Heinz | Rotatable demountable blocks of several shapes on a central elastic anchor |
DE19828744A1 (de) * | 1997-10-23 | 1999-04-29 | Joannis Zigaris | Spielzeug zum Lernen |
WO2007043739A1 (fr) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-04-19 | Han-Cheun Lee | Boulier multi-usages |
-
2010
- 2010-04-21 FR FR1001706A patent/FR2959326B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-04-19 WO PCT/FR2011/000236 patent/WO2011131862A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-04-19 EP EP11721342A patent/EP2561421A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011131862A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2959326B1 (fr) | 2014-08-29 |
WO2011131862A1 (fr) | 2011-10-27 |
FR2959326A1 (fr) | 2011-10-28 |
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