EP2556524B1 - Dispositif de commutation contre les courants de fuite - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation contre les courants de fuite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2556524B1
EP2556524B1 EP11715675.2A EP11715675A EP2556524B1 EP 2556524 B1 EP2556524 B1 EP 2556524B1 EP 11715675 A EP11715675 A EP 11715675A EP 2556524 B1 EP2556524 B1 EP 2556524B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
expansion unit
expansion
circuit
magnetic
current
Prior art date
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Application number
EP11715675.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2556524A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Laufenberg
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ETO Magnetic GmbH
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ETO Magnetic GmbH
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/145—Electrothermal mechanisms using shape memory materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an overcurrent switching device according to the preamble of the main claim and the independent claim 17.
  • Circuit breakers in the form of overcurrent switches have been known from the prior art for many years. They have the task of preventing a short circuit due to high current flow in a circuit by interrupting the circuit, which then od further dangers and problems such as damage to a consumer, risk of accidents. Like. Can be reduced.
  • MSM shape memory alloys
  • MSM alloys are also simultaneously called thermal shape memory alloys.
  • phase transformation between martensite and austenite typically also leads to a change in length of a corresponding body.
  • the current to be monitored for overcurrent flows through a coil which thus becomes part of the circuit to be monitored or protected against overcurrent, where it generates a current-dependent magnetic field which is applied to an MSM.
  • Material acts (which in the described prior art approximately in the nature of an armature is provided in the coil).
  • Exceeding a current threshold set by the expansion characteristics of the MSM element will then result in the intended length change of the MSM element, and a switch contact (typically end-to-end) on the MSM element will then break the circuit in the nature of a circuit breaker functionality , thus causes the desired overcurrent protection.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to improve an overcurrent switching device according to the preamble of the main claim in terms of their hardware engineering implementation effort, their use and configurability and their dynamic behavior, in particular response to trigger an MSM expansion.
  • the expansion unit realized by means of a magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloy material is associated with the circuit such that a magnetic interaction with a coil-free conductor section (more precisely a magnetic field generated by the current flow in this conductor section) takes place such that upon reaching or exceeding the current threshold, a magnetic field is built up which leads to an expansion movement of the expansion unit (located in a position corresponding to the conductor section).
  • MSM magnetic shape memory
  • the magnetic interaction between the coil-free conductor section and the expansion unit advantageously ensures that no (induction-related) delays arise in the increase of the magnetic field strength (in response to a rapid increase in current), thus such an approach according to the invention has distinct dynamics and response speed advantages over conventional devices by means of a coil.
  • coil-free in the context of the invention is to be understood that the current-carrying conductor portion according to the invention does not necessarily have to be linear (this may also be curved or angled present in the relevant area), as “coil-free” is to understand such an arrangement which does not form a winding-like structure and / or has no significantly increased inductance compared with an elongate conductor structure in the present invention (this being especially true against the background of line current monitoring, ie at typical network frequency).
  • the current-carrying conductor section prefferably be elongated or linear at least in sections for cooperation with the expansion unit and for the expansion unit to be designed to be parallel and elongate in parallel;
  • the elongated MSM element as an expansion unit
  • the elongated MSM element axially set a movement and thus switching direction, which is low, immediately followed by the desired interruption of a circuit arrange causing contact.
  • a distance adjustment (with or without permanent magnet means) can either be permanent, e.g. by suitable adhesives or the like, alternatively, e.g. be mechanically adjustable or actuated holder may be provided in otherwise known manner to set a suitable engagement or effective distance between the conductor section and expansion unit and / or permanent magnet for setting or adjustment of the expansion causing threshold current.
  • the expansion behavior (and thus switching behavior) of the overcurrent switching device according to the invention can be influenced by further magnetic and / or mechanical measures and elements according to preferred embodiments of the invention, the expansion behavior (and thus switching behavior) of the overcurrent switching device according to the invention: So it is both possible and further development of the invention comprises a spring (eg compression spring) be assigned as an energy storage of the MSM expansion unit, so that a magnetic field-induced movement or expansion of the expansion unit takes place against the spring force of the spring and so far takes place an influence on the expansion and switching behavior.
  • a spring eg compression spring
  • the present invention comprises, by providing suitable flux guide elements to influence a magnetic field entry in the expansion unit, such as flow guide elements to design so that a homogeneous field profile is achieved in the expansion unit to achieve a fast and consistent switching behavior.
  • the expansion unit can be designed to surround the conductor section in one piece or in several parts:
  • the MSM expansion unit can be configured to surround the conductor section in one piece or in several parts:
  • Such a provision may alternatively also take place automatically, for example triggered by a falling below the predetermined current threshold (possibly by a predetermined amount), suitable for such a provision suitably biased springs are suitable, also permanent magnets or an oppositely or oppositely arranged shape memory Alloy material, which is driven to perform the contraction or reset movement on the expansion unit.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is the use of the magnetic field generated by the current-carrying conductor section for the expansion interruption-initiating expansion of the expansion unit in the overcurrent case, it is nevertheless further development of the invention to additionally consider thermal effects of an overcurrent situation.
  • This can advantageously be achieved, for example, by arranging the magnetic shape memory alloy material for implementing the expansion unit in a thermally expanding manner and thus making it suitable to respond to slow (again overcurrent-induced) heating of an environment of the expansion unit with suitable thermal coupling this way can perform the current flow interrupting expansion.
  • the shape memory alloy material for the realization of the expansion unit itself is further to design the shape memory alloy material for the realization of the expansion unit itself as part of the circuit, in other words to pass a part of the current-carrying conductor of the circuit through the shape memory alloy material.
  • This first has the advantageous effect that without coupling, but directly as part of the circuit contact (or interruption of the contact) can be realized, with the potential, an even faster, more dynamic switching behavior in response to an overcurrent situation (which then, by the current flow in the MSM element itself, there causes the critical for the expansion magnetic field strength).
  • This variant of the invention as well as the above-described principle of an expansion unit cooperating with a conductor section of the circuit (but not part of this) is equally suitable for training according to the above-described principle, including for selectively influencing the expansion behavior by a (superimposed) magnetic field of a permanent magnet, the provision of springs or the like. Energy storage or the establishment of suitable return means.
  • the present invention provides, in a surprisingly simple and effective manner, an overcurrent switching device which is of a constructive type
  • Fig. 1 illustrates in the schematic side view of a first possible implementation of the invention, in which a circuit running along a conductor section 10 and an adjoining angled portion 12 (the further course of the consumer in the usual way associated, closed circuit is not shown) in the area of section 12 may be opened by a movable contact 14 by actuation by means of an expansion unit 16 of a shape memory material (here realized by a NiMnGa alloy known as such).
  • a shape memory material here realized by a NiMnGa alloy known as such.
  • the elongated expansion unit in the practical example about 20 mm edge length with a cross section of about 2 x 2 mm 2 ) arranged at a distance of 1 mm to the conductor track portion 10.
  • the conductor track flowing current generates a magnetic field, indicated by a schematically shown field line 18 which is coupled in the manner shown in the expansion unit 16 and triggers an expansion of the unit 16 when a critical flux density is exceeded.
  • the Fig. 3 analogous to the representation of Fig. 1 Figure 11 illustrates a way to affect the magnetic flux through the MSM unit 16 (either for the purpose of lowering or increasing the threshold, or to provide adaptability to different adjustment or environmental conditions).
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 clarify developments and variants, an expansion unit in the claimed invention claimed way to arrange relative to a current-carrying conductor portion so that a magnetic field generated in the conductor causes expansion of the expansion unit when a critical current threshold is exceeded.
  • a conductor section is again denoted by reference numeral 10; an expansion direction of the respective expansion units, analogous to the Fig. 1 to 3 , the reference numeral 20:
  • a hollow cylindrical expansion unit 30 is realized as an MSM alloying element. This surrounds the current-carrying conductor 10 so that upon reaching or exceeding the sufficient magnetic field for expansion, an expansion in the axial direction (20).
  • the variants of the Fig. 5, 6 a plurality of circumferentially around the current-carrying conductor arranged around and aligned parallel to this individual elements 32 as MSM alloy body, said suitable cross-sections (approximately square in the Fig. 5 , circular in the Fig. 6 ) or other contours.
  • said suitable cross-sections approximately square in the Fig. 5 , circular in the Fig. 6
  • Fig. 7 a suitable, not shown in detail coupling a (breaker) contact unit.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates that also realizations are possible in which the expansion unit 34 need not be performed parallel to the current-carrying conductor, but also a different relative angle design, for example, orthogonal, may have.
  • the 8 and 9 illustrate another embodiment of the invention for realizing a provision of the expansion unit after expansion. Due to the principle, the MSM alloy material does not automatically contract after expansion due to disappearance of the magnetic field due to the current interruption to its original position, so that, in the context of an overcurrent switching device, a return to an initial situation to re-operate the circuit must be possible. On the one hand, this can be done manually (in a manner not shown in detail), alternatively they illustrate 8 and 9 an automatic return by application of force or a suitably oriented magnetic field, which is overcome in case of switching the expansion in case of overcurrent, which, however, causes an automatic return to the starting position after completion of this state.
  • the schematic embodiment of the Fig. 8 the interaction of the expansion unit 16 (otherwise configured and arranged as in the basic example of Fig. 1, 2 ) with an end provided permanent magnet unit 40, which exerts a permanent magnet force on the unit 16 in the manner shown by the arrow arm 42.
  • the unit 18 expands and drives the contact means 14 out of the conductor 12 to break the circuit.
  • the permanent magnet force (42) of the unit 40 prevails, so that the expansion unit 16 by the permanent magnetic field (and again by utilizing the MSM effect) back is brought into their starting position.
  • suitable (possibly also several) permanent magnet units 40 may be provided, or a mechanical bias may be provided in a suitable manner.
  • an expansion unit 50 again realized from an MSM alloy material, is part of a circuit, as symbolized by the adjacent trace sections 52 to 56 as a normal conductor.
  • a portion 55 is provided between the conductor track sections 54 and 56 so that an expansion of the MSM alloying element 50 in the horizontal direction (in the plane right) leads to an opening of the circuit between the elements 55 and 56, wherein a spring element 58 schematically shown offers a restoring force counteracting this expansion.

Landscapes

  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Ensemble de disjoncteur de protection contre les sur-courants prévu pour un circuit de courant à surveiller et présentant des moyens (14) de contact de rupteur configurés de manière à avoir pour effet une interruption du circuit de courant en réaction au dépassement d'un seuil de courant prédéterminé,
    les moyens de contact de rupteur présentant une unité de dilatation (16) réalisée au moyen d'un matériau magnétiquement actif en alliage à mémoire de forme sur lequel est appliqué le champ magnétique (18) d'un courant qui s'écoule dans le circuit de courant, caractérisé en ce que
    l'unité de dilatation (16; 30; 32; 34) qui entraîne mécaniquement un contact de rupteur (14) est prévue au voisinage d'un tronçon (10) de conducteur du circuit de courant qui conduit le courant et qui s'étend linéairement, en courbe ou en coude sans former de structure de type spire, est prévue en vue de l'interaction magnétique à une distance (r) telle que lorsque l'écoulement du courant dans le tronçon de conducteur conduisant le courant est supérieur au seuil de courant prédéterminé, il forme un champ magnétique qui a pour effet un déplacement de dilatation de l'unité de dilatation qui interrompt le circuit de courant.
  2. Ensemble selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tronçon de conducteur est allongé et/ou linéaire.
  3. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de dilatation (16) est allongée dans la direction de dilatation et s'étend au moins en partie parallèlement au tronçon (10) de conducteur.
  4. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par des moyens (22) à aimant permanent associés à l'unité de dilatation (16) et configurés de telle sorte qu'un champ magnétique permanent (24) des moyens à aimant permanent se superpose au champ magnétique (18) formé par le tronçon de conducteur et agissant sur l'unité de dilatation en vue d'agir sur le comportement de dilatation de l'unité de dilatation en fonction du champ magnétique.
  5. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par des moyens qui définissent et/ou établissent une distance magnétique de couplage entre le tronçon de conducteur et l'unité de dilatation.
  6. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de précontrainte associés à l'unité de dilatation sont prévus et configurés pour agir sur le comportement de dilatation de l'unité de dilation en fonction du champ magnétique.
  7. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par des moyens de guidage du flux magnétique associés à l'unité de dilatation.
  8. Ensemble selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de guidage du flux sont configurés et prévus pour agir sur le comportement de dilatation de l'unité de dilatation en fonction du champ magnétique.
  9. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de dilatation (30; 32; 34) est configurée comme corps qui englobe et/ou entoure au moins certaines parties du tronçon de conducteur.
  10. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de dilatation (32; 34) est réalisée en tant qu'ensemble constitué de plusieurs corps en alliage magnétique à mémoire de forme.
  11. Ensemble selon les revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que des moyens (40; 44) de contraction du matériau d'alliage à mémoire de forme en une forme initiale non dilatée sont associés à l'unité de dilatation.
  12. Ensemble selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de contraction nécessitent une intervention ou une opération de commande.
  13. Ensemble selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de rappel sont configurés pour exécuter une contraction automatique du matériau en alliage à mémoire de forme en réaction à un non-dépassement prédéterminé du seuil de courant.
  14. Ensemble selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de rappel présentent des moyens (40) à aimant permanent et/ou un accumulateur de force (44).
  15. Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le matériau magnétique en alliage à mémoire de forme présente de plus des propriétés de dilatation de nature thermique et est couplé thermiquement au tronçon de conducteur et/ou à une autre partie du circuit de courant dont l'échauffement dépend de l'intensité du courant.
  16. Ensemble selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par des moyens pour établir et/ou agir sur le couplage thermique entre le matériau d'alliage à mémoire de forme et le tronçon de conducteur ou la partie du circuit du courant.
  17. Ensemble de disjoncteur de protection contre les sur-courants prévu pour un circuit de courant à surveiller et présentant des moyens (54, 55) de contact de rupteur configurés de manière à avoir pour effet une interruption du circuit de courant en réaction au dépassement d'un seuil de courant prédéterminé,
    les moyens de contact de rupteur présentant une unité de dilatation réalisée au moyen d'un matériau magnétiquement actif (50) en alliage à mémoire de forme,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le flux magnétique nécessaire pour dilater l'unité de dilatation est formé directement par le courant qui s'écoule dans le matériau d'alliage à mémoire de forme et
    en ce que l'unité de dilatation qui entraîne mécaniquement un contact de rupteur fait partie du circuit de courant et est traversée par le courant qui s'écoule dans le circuit de courant de telle sorte qu'au-dessus du seuil de courant prédéterminé, un déplacement de dilatation de l'unité de dilatation est provoqué et interrompt le circuit de courant.
  18. Ensemble de disjoncteur de protection contre les sur-courants selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de contact de rupteur présentent l'unité de dilatation réalisée au moyen d'un matériau (50) d'alliage à mémoire de forme qui exerce une action magnétique et une action thermique.
EP11715675.2A 2010-04-08 2011-03-31 Dispositif de commutation contre les courants de fuite Active EP2556524B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010014280.8A DE102010014280B4 (de) 2010-04-08 2010-04-08 Überstrom-Schaltvorrichtung
PCT/EP2011/054992 WO2011124518A1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-03-31 Dispositif de coupure en surintensité

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2556524A1 EP2556524A1 (fr) 2013-02-13
EP2556524B1 true EP2556524B1 (fr) 2014-05-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11715675.2A Active EP2556524B1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-03-31 Dispositif de commutation contre les courants de fuite

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US (1) US8860534B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2556524B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010014280B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011124518A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023213934A1 (fr) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-09 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Dispositif disjoncteur hybride, dispositif de protection hybride et procédé

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017106084A1 (de) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Überstromschutzvorrichtung

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CH616270A5 (fr) 1977-05-06 1980-03-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
JPH0670429B2 (ja) 1985-04-03 1994-09-07 時枝 直満 直線運動型アクチュエータ
JPS6457546A (en) 1987-08-26 1989-03-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Reusable fuse
IT1286425B1 (it) 1996-12-03 1998-07-08 Abb Research Ltd Interruttore magnetotermico per bassa tensione con elemento sensibile in materiale a memoria di forma
US7491101B2 (en) * 2004-06-17 2009-02-17 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Self-locking wire terminal and shape memory wire termination system
DE102004056280A1 (de) 2004-11-22 2006-05-24 Abb Patent Gmbh Schaltgerät mit einem elektromagnetischen Auslöser
EP1949399A1 (fr) 2005-11-15 2008-07-30 Abb Ag Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction
WO2008098531A1 (fr) 2007-02-14 2008-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'indication d'état pour un fusible électrique
US20110057751A1 (en) 2008-05-06 2011-03-10 Wolfgang Feil Switching device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023213934A1 (fr) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-09 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Dispositif disjoncteur hybride, dispositif de protection hybride et procédé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010014280B4 (de) 2021-11-25
US20130043963A1 (en) 2013-02-21
EP2556524A1 (fr) 2013-02-13
WO2011124518A1 (fr) 2011-10-13
US8860534B2 (en) 2014-10-14
DE102010014280A1 (de) 2011-10-13

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