EP2556524A1 - Dispositif de coupure en surintensité - Google Patents

Dispositif de coupure en surintensité

Info

Publication number
EP2556524A1
EP2556524A1 EP11715675A EP11715675A EP2556524A1 EP 2556524 A1 EP2556524 A1 EP 2556524A1 EP 11715675 A EP11715675 A EP 11715675A EP 11715675 A EP11715675 A EP 11715675A EP 2556524 A1 EP2556524 A1 EP 2556524A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
expansion unit
expansion
circuit
magnetic field
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11715675A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2556524B1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Laufenberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETO Magnetic GmbH
Original Assignee
ETO Magnetic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETO Magnetic GmbH filed Critical ETO Magnetic GmbH
Publication of EP2556524A1 publication Critical patent/EP2556524A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2556524B1 publication Critical patent/EP2556524B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/145—Electrothermal mechanisms using shape memory materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an overcurrent switching device according to the preamble of the main claim and the independent claim 17.
  • Circuit breakers in the form of overcurrent switches have been known from the prior art for many years. They have the task of providing a short-circuit of high current flow in a circuit through a subcircuit
  • MSM shape memory alloys
  • thermal shape memory alloys In addition to the structural transformation within the martensite, which underlies the MSM effect, there is also a phase transformation between martensite and austenite, which typically also leads to a change in length of a corresponding body.
  • the current to be monitored for overcurrent flows through a coil, which thus becomes part of the circuit to be monitored or protected against overcurrent, where it generates a current-dependent magnetic field which is applied to an MSM.
  • Material acts (which in the described prior art approximately in the nature of an armature is provided in the coil).
  • Exceeding a current threshold set by the expansion characteristics of the MSM element will then result in the intended length change of the MSM element, and a switch contact (typically end-to-end) on the MSM element will then break the circuit in the nature of a circuit breaker functionality , thus causes the desired overcurrent protection.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve an overcurrent switching device according to the preamble of the main claim with regard to its hardware implementation complexity, its versatility and configurability as well as its dynamic behavior, in particular the response to trigger an MSM expansion.
  • the object is achieved by the overcurrent switching device having the features of the main claim and the overcurrent switching device according to independent claim 19.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims. Also claimed as belonging to the invention any combination of independent claim 17 with the dependent claims 2 to 16, in any combination, as far as technically feasible. Further claimed as belonging to the invention is a discernible from the entire available documents method for monitoring a circuit, in particular for operating an overcurrent switching device having the features of the product claims, with the resulting from the documents process steps and procedures.
  • the expansion unit realized by means of a magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloy material is associated with the circuit such that a magnetic interaction with a coil-free conductor section (more precisely a magnetic field generated by the current flow in this conductor section) takes place such that upon reaching or exceeding the current threshold, a magnetic field is built up which leads to an expansion movement of the expansion unit (located in a position corresponding to the conductor section).
  • MSM magnetic shape memory
  • the magnetic interaction between the coil-free conductor section and the expansion unit ensures that there are no (induction-related) delays in the increase of the magnetic field strength (in response to a rapid increase in current), therefore, such a procedure according to the invention has distinct dynamics and response speed. keitsvormaschine over conventional devices by means of coil.
  • coil-free in the context of the invention is to be understood that the current-carrying conductor portion according to the invention does not necessarily have to be linear (this may also be curved or angled present in the relevant area), as “coil-free” is to understand such an arrangement which does not form a winding-like structure and / or has no significantly increased inductance compared with an elongate conductor structure in the present invention (this being especially true against the background of line current monitoring, ie at typical network frequency).
  • the current-carrying conductor section at least in sections, elongated or linear for cooperation with the expansion unit and to design the expansion unit in parallel in a linear and elongated manner;
  • the elongated MSM element as an expansion unit
  • switching direction which is favorable, immediately thereafter a desired interruption of a circuit causing contact to arrange.
  • the MSM material of the expansion unit such as through the use of To magnetically bias permanent magnets, that is to say assign permanent magnet means to the expansion unit such that they reduce the superimposed magnetic field needed to effect the expansion, with the effect that the current threshold generating the superimposed magnetic field can decrease significantly.
  • To magnetically bias permanent magnets that is to say assign permanent magnet means to the expansion unit such that they reduce the superimposed magnetic field needed to effect the expansion, with the effect that the current threshold generating the superimposed magnetic field can decrease significantly.
  • suitable permanent magnets according to preferred embodiments of the invention in addition to a position alignment (distance alignment) of the expansion unit relative to the conductor track section allows adjusting or setting a desired current threshold.
  • a distance adjustment (with or without permanent magnet means) can either be permanent, e.g. by suitable adhesives or the like, alternatively, e.g. be mechanically adjustable or actuated holder may be provided in otherwise known manner to set a suitable engagement or effective distance between the conductor section and expansion unit and / or permanent magnet for setting or adjustment of the expansion causing threshold current.
  • the expansion behavior (and thus switching behavior) of the overcurrent switching device according to the invention can be influenced:
  • it is a spring (For example, compression spring) as energy storage of MSM expansion unit assign, so that a magnetic field-induced movement or expansion of the expansion unit takes place against the spring force of the spring and so far takes place an influence on the expansion and switching behavior.
  • the present invention comprises, by providing suitable flux-conducting elements, influencing a magnetic field input into the expansion unit, for example designing such flux-conducting elements in such a way that a homogeneous field profile is achieved in the expansion unit in order to achieve a switching behavior that is as fast and continuous as possible.
  • the expansion unit may be embodied integrally or in several parts surrounding the conductor section.
  • the MSM expansion unit it is possible to design the MSM expansion unit as hollow cylindrical and to pass the current-carrying conductor section through this hollow cylinder, alternatively one To arrange a plurality of (typically elongated and / or parallel to the current-carrying conductor portion extending) MSM expansion units around the conductor portion around.
  • Such a provision may alternatively also take place automatically, for example triggered by falling below the predetermined current threshold (possibly by a predetermined amount), suitable biased springs being also suitable for such a return, furthermore being permanent magnets or a counterpart or counteracted shape memory alloy material, which is driven to perform the contraction or reset movement to the expansion unit.
  • suitable biased springs being also suitable for such a return, furthermore being permanent magnets or a counterpart or counteracted shape memory alloy material, which is driven to perform the contraction or reset movement to the expansion unit.
  • the shape memory alloy material for the realization of the expansion unit itself is further to design the shape memory alloy material for the realization of the expansion unit itself as part of the circuit, in other words to pass a part of the current-carrying conductor of the circuit through the shape memory alloy material.
  • This first has the advantageous effect that without coupling, but directly as part of the circuit a contact formation (or interruption of the contact) can be realized, with the potential, an even faster, more dynamic switching behavior in response to an overcurrent situation (which then , by the current flow in the MSM element itself, there causes the critical for the expansion magnetic field strength).
  • This variant of the invention as well as the above-described principle of an expansion unit cooperating with a conductor section of the circuit (but not part of this) is equally suitable for development according to the above-described principle, including for selectively influencing the expansion behavior by a (superimposed) magnetic field of a permanent magnet, the provision of springs or the like. Energy storage or the establishment of suitable return means.
  • the present invention provides, in a surprisingly simple and effective manner, an overcurrent switching device which is of a constructive type Simplicity combines high-speed operation with potentially practical alternatives to realize effective overcurrent protection.
  • Switching device in which an elongated expansion unit is guided parallel to a current-carrying conductor portion of a circuit and has a breaker contact for this circuit forming extension, in the unexpanded
  • FIG. 1 Operating state (FIG. 1) as well as in the expanded interruption switching state (FIG. 2); a variant of the embodiment of Figures 1, 2 with a permanent magnet associated with the expansion unit for generating a superimposed permanent magnetic field.
  • FIG. 7 shows further variants for realizing an overcurrent switching device with alternatively designed expansion units, in the form of a hollow cylinder (FIG. 4), several expansion elements surrounding the strip conductor section (FIGS. 5, 6) and for illustrating possible alternative orientations (FIG. the expansion unit; 8 shows an example to illustrate an (automatic) reset of the overcurrent switching device of the embodiment in Figure 1, Figure 2 by means of permanent magnets ..; 9 shows an alternative to the automatic reset according to FIG. 8 by the provision of a compression spring shown schematically;
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the invention with an expansion unit inserted directly into the circuit in the closed operating state (FIG. 10) and in the opened switching state expanded in response to overcurrent (FIG. 11).
  • Fig. 1 illustrates in the schematic side view of a first possible implementation of the invention, in which a circuit running along a conductor section 10 and an adjoining angled portion 12 (the further course of the consumer in the usual way associated, closed circuit not shown is) in the region of the section 12 of a movable contact 14 by actuation by means of an expansion unit 16 of a shape memory material (here: realized by a known as such NiMnGa alloy) can be opened.
  • a shape memory material here: realized by a known as such NiMnGa alloy
  • the elongated expansion unit in the practical example, about 20 mm edge length with a cross section of about 2 x 2 mm 2 ) arranged at a distance of 1mm to the conductor track section 10.
  • the conductor track flowing current generates a magnetic field, indicated by a schematically shown field line 18, which is coupled in the manner shown in the expansion unit 16 and triggers an expansion of the unit 16 when a critical flux density is exceeded.
  • the following orders of magnitude illustrate a parameterization of such a device:
  • a current I generates a magnetic field strength H of at a distance r from the central axis of a straight conductor where is then (with the context
  • FIG. 3 analogous to the representation of FIG. 1, illustrates a possibility of influencing the magnetic flux through the MSM unit 16 (either for the purpose of reducing or increasing the threshold, or else adaptability to various adjustment or adjustment modes) To create environmental conditions).
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 illustrate refinements and variants of arranging an expansion unit in the manner claimed according to the invention relative to a current-carrying conductor section such that a magnetic field generated in the conductor triggers expansion of the expansion unit when a critical current threshold is exceeded.
  • a conductor section is again denoted by the reference numeral 10; an expansion direction of the respective expansion units receives, analogous to FIGS. 1 to 3, the reference numeral 20:
  • a hollow cylindrical expansion unit 30 is implemented as MSM alloy element. This surrounds the current-carrying conductor 10 so that upon reaching or exceeding the sufficient magnetic field for expansion, an expansion in the axial direction (20).
  • FIGS. 5, 6 show a plurality of individual elements 32 arranged around the current-carrying conductor in the circumferential direction and oriented parallel thereto, as MSM alloy bodies, these being suitable square sections (approximately square in FIG. 5, FIG. circular in Fig. 6) or may have other contours.
  • a suitable coupling, not shown in detail, of a (breaker) contact unit takes place.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates that implementations are also possible in which the expansion unit 34 does not have to be guided parallel to the current-carrying conductor, but may also have a different relative angle configuration, for example orthogonal.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate another embodiment of the invention for realizing recovery of the expansion unit after expansion has been completed. Due to the principle, the MSM alloy material does not automatically contract after expansion due to disappearance of the magnetic field due to the current interruption to its original position, so that, in the context of an overcurrent switching device, a return to an initial situation to re-operate the circuit must be possible. On the one hand, this can be done manually (in a manner not shown in detail). Alternatively, FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate an automatic return by application of force or a suitably oriented magnetic field, which is overcome in the case of overcurrent expansion in the event of a switch, but which is terminated this condition causes an automatic return to the starting position.
  • FIG. 8 shows the interaction of the expansion unit 16 (otherwise configured and arranged as in the basic example of Fig. 1, 2) with a permanent magnet unit provided end 40, which in the manner shown by the arrow arm 42 a permanent magnet force on the unit 16 exercises.
  • the unit 18 expands and drives the contact means 14 out of the conductor 12 to break the circuit.
  • the permanent magnet force (42) of the unit 40 prevails, so that the permanent magnet field (and correspondingly by utilizing the MSM effect), the expansion unit 16 is brought back to their original position.
  • the arrangement shown in Figure 8 is purely schematic; Depending on the desired force flow and application example, suitable (possibly also several) permanent magnet units 40 may be provided, or a mechanical bias may be provided in a suitable manner.
  • FIG. 9 An equivalent functionality is effected in the manner shown in FIG. 9:
  • the expansion unit 16 operates against a force which is shown in FIG. Memory-acting compression spring 44. After completion of the overcurrent expansion state, this pushes the expansion unit 16 against the expansion direction (arrow 20) back into its contracted starting position.
  • the force accumulator 44 shown can in principle act on any other points and, if the magnetic field 18 drops, the expansion unit 16 can be returned to the contraction position accordingly.
  • 10 and 1 another principle according to the present invention is explained, in which an expansion unit 50, again realized from an MSM alloy material, is part of a circuit, as symbolized by the adjacent trace sections 52 to 56 as normal conductors.
  • a portion 55 is provided so that an expansion of the MSM alloying element 50 in the horizontal direction (in the plane right) leads to an opening of the circuit between the elements 55 and 56, wherein a spring element 58 schematically shown offers a restoring force counteracting this expansion.

Landscapes

  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de coupure en surintensité pour un circuit de courant à surveiller, lequel présente des moyens de contact de rupture (14) conçus de telle manière qu'en réaction au dépassement d'un seuil de courant déterminé, une interruption du circuit de courant soit provoquée, les moyens de contact de rupture présentant une unité d'expansion (16) qui est réalisée au moyen d'un matériau allié à mémoire de forme magnétiquement actif et qui est soumise à un champ magnétique (18) d'un courant passant dans le circuit de courant. Selon l'invention, l'unité d'expansion (16; 30; 32; 34) entraînant mécaniquement un contact, en particulier un contact de rupture (14), est prévue, pour la coopération magnétique, à proximité d'une section de conducteur (10) sans bobine parcourue par le courant du circuit de courant de telle manière qu'un flux de courant dans la section de conducteur parcourue par le courant au-dessus d'un seuil de courant déterminé produit un champ magnétique ayant pour effet un mouvement d'expansion de l'unité d'expansion interrompant le circuit de courant.
EP11715675.2A 2010-04-08 2011-03-31 Dispositif de commutation contre les courants de fuite Active EP2556524B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010014280.8A DE102010014280B4 (de) 2010-04-08 2010-04-08 Überstrom-Schaltvorrichtung
PCT/EP2011/054992 WO2011124518A1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-03-31 Dispositif de coupure en surintensité

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2556524A1 true EP2556524A1 (fr) 2013-02-13
EP2556524B1 EP2556524B1 (fr) 2014-05-14

Family

ID=44262781

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11715675.2A Active EP2556524B1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-03-31 Dispositif de commutation contre les courants de fuite

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8860534B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2556524B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010014280B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011124518A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017106084A1 (de) 2017-03-21 2018-09-27 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Überstromschutzvorrichtung
DE102022111392A1 (de) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-09 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Hybridschutzschaltervorrichtung, Hybridschütz und Verfahren

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH616270A5 (fr) * 1977-05-06 1980-03-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
JPH0670429B2 (ja) * 1985-04-03 1994-09-07 時枝 直満 直線運動型アクチュエータ
JPS6457546A (en) * 1987-08-26 1989-03-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Reusable fuse
IT1286425B1 (it) * 1996-12-03 1998-07-08 Abb Research Ltd Interruttore magnetotermico per bassa tensione con elemento sensibile in materiale a memoria di forma
US7491101B2 (en) * 2004-06-17 2009-02-17 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Self-locking wire terminal and shape memory wire termination system
DE102004056280A1 (de) 2004-11-22 2006-05-24 Abb Patent Gmbh Schaltgerät mit einem elektromagnetischen Auslöser
WO2007057030A1 (fr) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-24 Abb Ag Appareil de commutation electrique a magnetostriction
DE112007003456A5 (de) * 2007-02-14 2010-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Zustandsanzeigevorrichtung für eine elektrische Schmelzsicherung
EP2272076B1 (fr) 2008-05-06 2013-11-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011124518A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130043963A1 (en) 2013-02-21
DE102010014280A1 (de) 2011-10-13
US8860534B2 (en) 2014-10-14
EP2556524B1 (fr) 2014-05-14
WO2011124518A1 (fr) 2011-10-13
DE102010014280B4 (de) 2021-11-25

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