EP2540445B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeugs aus gebundenem Schleifmittel - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeugs aus gebundenem Schleifmittel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2540445B1
EP2540445B1 EP12167847.8A EP12167847A EP2540445B1 EP 2540445 B1 EP2540445 B1 EP 2540445B1 EP 12167847 A EP12167847 A EP 12167847A EP 2540445 B1 EP2540445 B1 EP 2540445B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
green body
pore former
oxalic acid
pore
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12167847.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2540445A1 (de
Inventor
Christiani Siegbert
Wenzel Christian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL12167847T priority Critical patent/PL2540445T3/pl
Priority to EP12167847.8A priority patent/EP2540445B1/de
Publication of EP2540445A1 publication Critical patent/EP2540445A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2540445B1 publication Critical patent/EP2540445B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/005—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used during pre- or after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/348—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised as impregnating agent for porous abrasive bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a bonded abrasive tool.
  • Bound abrasive tools are widely used in the art for surface finishing. Such tools are, for example, grinding wheels, abrasive segments, grinding rods or honing stones.
  • an abrasive for example corundum, silicon carbide, diamond or CBN of a desired grain size
  • a binder in particular a ceramic binder
  • This is pressed into a green body of the desired shape.
  • the green body is then dried at suitable temperatures, optionally freed from pore formers and finally fired by a ceramic.
  • such a tool should have a certain porosity, usually also a certain pore shape and size. It is therefore known to add to the mixture a pore-forming agent (usually naphthalene) which occupies corresponding proportions of space in the green body.
  • a pore-forming agent usually naphthalene
  • the pore-forming agent is removed by evaporation, sublimation or by burning. This can be done during the sintering process or in a temporally upstream process step at lower temperatures.
  • naphthalene can be removed even at relatively low temperatures, namely by Sublimation at about 80 ° C.
  • Other important advantages of naphthalene are the good miscibility with other formulation components and the very low springback after pressing, which prevents cracks in the green body. Finally, the removal is made possible at a relatively low temperature, in which the abrasive article is dried anyway and other components of the grinding wheel mixture, such. B. binding components, not yet activated.
  • naphthalene as pore formers are its toxic and environmentally hazardous properties. Through an intense and typical odor, it pollutes the production facilities and the exhaust air and the surrounding area. Expenditures for occupational health and environmental protection dominate the corresponding manufacturing steps in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, naphthalene together with air can form explosive mixtures. Accordingly, costly and expensive safety precautions are required.
  • the core of the invention lies in the use of the pore-forming agent defined according to the invention, which allows the production of a defined porosity without impairing the structural integrity of the green body.
  • the dicarboxylic acids used according to the invention decompose on heating in decomposition products (in particular water and / or carbon monoxide / carbon dioxide), the decomposition process is preferably endothermic and can therefore be performed controlled without it by exothermic reactions to a local overheating of the green body with a possible impairment of the structural integrity can come.
  • the pore-forming agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, malonic acid and mixtures and hydrates of these acids. Particularly preferred is oxalic acid.
  • the decomposition temperature of the pore-forming agent is preferably between 70 and 400 ° C.
  • the decomposition of the pore-forming agent as well as the removal of the preferably complete or substantially gaseous decomposition products can therefore take place before the actual sintering temperature of the green body is reached.
  • pores in the tool should be distributed as homogeneously as possible.
  • the density of the pore-forming agent is similar to the density of the remaining constituents of the green body.
  • the density of the pore-forming agent may preferably be between 1.5 and 2 g / cm 3 .
  • the fraction of the pore-forming agent in the total weight of the green body may preferably be between 2 and 35% by weight, more preferably 2 and 25% by weight, more preferably 10 and 25% by weight, according to the invention.
  • the heating In the endothermic decomposition of dicarboxylic acids, significant volumes of gas may be released. In order to release them in a controlled manner and without impairing the green body, it may be preferable to carry out the heating to or above the decomposition temperature of the pore-forming agent with a defined temperature control. Preference is given here to a heating rate of 2 to 40 ° C / h, more preferably 15 to 25 ° C / h. A heating rate in the lower region may be preferred if high pore fractions, such as> 55% by volume, are to be present.
  • the pore-forming agent before heating to or above the decomposition temperature of the pore-forming agent additionally heating to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the pore-forming agent, preferably 30 to 50 ° C, takes place and the green body is held at this temperature for a period of time in particular the evaporation of volatile components such as water or solvent allowed. Preferably, this period is between 24 and 48 h.
  • the individual components are preferably combined in the order of abrasive grain, optional deformation aid, binder and pore former and combined to form a homogeneous mixture.
  • Decisive for the homogeneity of the distribution of the pore-forming agent and thus of the pores in the final product are not exclusively the type and duration of the mixing process. Rather, it has been found that the density of the pore-forming agent in relation to the density of the other mixture components has a significant influence on the homogeneity of the mixture.
  • oxalic acid dihydrate in contrast to naphthalene (1.14 g / cm 3) or wax (0.9 g / cm 3) to 1.65 g / cm 3, a density of the order of substantially mix constituents. Accordingly, a very uniform pore distribution was found in the abrasive bodies of the invention prepared with oxalic acid.
  • the density of pure oxalic acid is 1.90 g / cm 3 .
  • the weight loss distilled water of crystallization
  • the surface of the abrasive article obtained according to Example 1 was divided into 6 different circle segments of 60 ° each. Within these segments, an area of 7 ⁇ 7 mm was selected in each of an inner and an outer area of the circle segment and the number of pores in these areas was counted. A deviation of ⁇ 10% was determined for all 12 surfaces, based on the highest or lowest number of pores determined.
  • Oxalic acid dihydrate is plastically deformable in the solid state.
  • the plastic deformability largely prevents springback after the shaping of the green body by pressing.
  • Conventional compression pressures in this deformation can be in the range of about 30 to 220 bar (preferably based on the side surface of the green body or abrasive body to be produced).
  • Strong springback which also affects the density of the fired abrasive article, can lead, for example, to cracks in the green body weakening the strength after removal from the press or after firing
  • Decomposition means that the pore-forming agent undergoes a chemical reaction under the action of temperature, whereby at least two different reaction products are formed and these predominantly escape from the green body in a gaseous state.
  • a disadvantage of the decomposition of oxalic acid for example compared to the sublimation of naphthalene, is the release of considerable volumes of gas. These can mechanically damage the green body, for example by microcracks, but also by large-scale cracking or structural distortions. As a result, such previously damaged grinding wheels do not have the required strength after firing and can not be used.
  • the decomposition products formed in the course of the process behave inertly with respect to all customary formulation components such as abrasives and ceramic binders.
  • the proportion of the pore-forming agent in the total weight of the green body is preferably between the two according to the invention 2 and 35 wt .-%, more preferably 2 and 25 wt .-%, more preferably 2 and 20 wt .-%.
  • the pore volume of the abrasive article can be adjusted in the range of 30% to 80% total porosity, with the average pore size varying between 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm.
  • Oxalic acid dihydrate may cause problems in industrial use. During processing, abrasion and dusts may occur which, on the one hand due to the acid content, are highly corrosive to production plants such as As mixers or molds can act and on the other hand can exert an irritant effect on mucous membranes as inhaled particulate matter. Also problematic when using oxalic acid dihydrate is the fact that when heated at a temperature of 100 ° C, crystal water is released (this temperature is well below the decomposition temperature of oxalic acid of 150 ° C). This release of water of crystallization carries the risk of volume change or cracking of the green body. The use of dried and thus free of crystallized oxalic acid in turn is problematic because on the one hand dried oxalic acid is hygroscopic and on the other hand, the problem of occupational safety (inhalation of dusts) is reinforced.
  • a suitable binder can help ensure that the granules have sufficient resistance to crushing by pressure and shear stress. Further, when the granules are dried and water of crystallization of the oxalic acid is expelled, such a binder contributes to preventing or reducing the re-uptake of water.
  • Suitable binders for solidifying the oxalic acid may be, for example, polyethylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidone or else waxes.
  • examples include PEG6000 as a 40% aqueous solution or an aqueous solution of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), for example, used as a 15 to 25% PVP solution.
  • the oxalic acid as a whole with such a binder and solidify.
  • binders can be used in the production of the green body, which make the abrasive body mass manageable and deformable as a temporary binder (also referred to as deformation aid) and give the green body sufficient strength after drying until the tool is made by burning the green body.
  • PF0436SW13 from the company Momentive (temporary binder based on phenolic resin).
  • waxes As non-polar substances, waxes have the advantage that they show no changes in their properties due to contact with water. Their properties thus remain unaffected by the processes of mixing, pressing and drying.
  • wax is used in the context of the invention as defined in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edition, volume A39, page 135 et seq. Particularly suitable within the scope of the invention are waxes which are also oxidized at the decomposition temperature of oxalic acid (about 150.degree C) (the so-called debindering) still effect a sufficient solidification of the green body, so that it retains the intended shape and form during the so-called debindering.
  • waxes are, for example, Zusoplast WE52 (Zschimmer & Schwarz, 56108 Lahnstein), various waxes from DEUREX GmbH, 06729 Elsteraue (for example WX9820 (polyolefin wax emulsion), MP2120 (polypropylene wax), MA7020 (ethylene stearamide wax)).
  • suitable agents are the polyglycols already described above. They can be used not only for binding or inerting the oxalic acid, but also as a temporary binder in the context of the method according to the invention.
  • the pasty mass was placed on sieves of mesh-size 500 microns and 1000 microns and pressed through the mesh with a brush and a soft plastic scraper.
  • the mass was previously heated to 100 ° C over 4 h, in order to achieve the desired pasty consistency of the mixture with the then liquid wax.
  • the green body is heated at 4 ° C./h to 90 ° C. and further from 90 ° C. to 165 ° C. at 2.5 ° C./h.
  • the holding time at 165 ° C is 4 h.
  • test abrasives correspond to Examples 3 and 4, Example 3 being an abrasive article of the invention and Example 4 being a prior art abrasive article EP 2 251143 A1 is.
  • the modulus of elasticity and the density differ only slightly. The differences are within the usual manufacturing tolerances.
  • the grinding wheels were subjected to a grinding test with the following test parameters: grinding machine Blohm HSF 6 with integrated force measuring unit Workpiece surface (width x length)] mm] 10x100 Workpiece material 100Cr6 Workpiece hardness [HRC] 60 +/- 1 Grinding speed [m / s] 33 Workpiece speed [m / min] 20 Delivery per stroke [ ⁇ m] 20 coolant Unimet AS 220 R5% dressing tool CVD Blattabrichter Measurement of tangential and normal forces continuous

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP12167847.8A 2011-06-29 2012-05-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeugs aus gebundenem Schleifmittel Active EP2540445B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12167847T PL2540445T3 (pl) 2011-06-29 2012-05-14 Sposób wytwarzania narzędzia ze związanego materiału ściernego
EP12167847.8A EP2540445B1 (de) 2011-06-29 2012-05-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeugs aus gebundenem Schleifmittel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11171918 2011-06-29
EP12167847.8A EP2540445B1 (de) 2011-06-29 2012-05-14 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeugs aus gebundenem Schleifmittel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2540445A1 EP2540445A1 (de) 2013-01-02
EP2540445B1 true EP2540445B1 (de) 2013-09-18

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Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2540445B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL2540445T3 (pl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3231558A1 (en) 2016-04-11 2017-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company A green body, a grinding wheel and a method for manufacturing at least a green body

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH710934A1 (de) 2015-04-01 2016-10-14 Reishauer Ag Offenporiges, keramisch gebundenes Schleifwerkzeug, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie für seine Herstellung verwendete Porenbildnermischungen.
WO2017050755A1 (de) 2015-09-22 2017-03-30 Reishauer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung offenporiger, keramisch gebundener schleifwerkzeuge
EP3205450A1 (de) 2016-02-09 2017-08-16 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Verfahren zur herstellung eines keramischen formkörpers
EP3205449A1 (de) 2016-02-09 2017-08-16 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Verfahren zur herstellung eines keramischen formkörpers
CN106041767B (zh) * 2016-07-12 2018-07-27 广东工业大学 一种带有内冷却微结构的树脂结合剂超硬磨具及其制造方法和应用
CN115038550A (zh) * 2020-01-31 2022-09-09 3M创新有限公司 粘结磨料制品和制造方法
CN114180923B (zh) * 2021-12-29 2023-05-16 贺州学院 一种具有分层分级孔结构的免烧多孔陶粒及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT389883B (de) * 1986-08-21 1990-02-12 Igel Schleifmittel Schleifmittelzusammensetzung bzw. schleifmittel und verfahren zu deren herstellung
DE4133191A1 (de) * 1991-10-07 1993-04-08 Basf Ag Schleifmittel
EP2251143B1 (de) 2009-05-15 2011-11-23 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkzeugs aus gebundenem Schleifmittel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3231558A1 (en) 2016-04-11 2017-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company A green body, a grinding wheel and a method for manufacturing at least a green body

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Publication number Publication date
EP2540445A1 (de) 2013-01-02
PL2540445T3 (pl) 2014-02-28

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