EP2539141A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un corps densifié par compression isostatique en eaux profondes - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un corps densifié par compression isostatique en eaux profondesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2539141A1 EP2539141A1 EP11710353A EP11710353A EP2539141A1 EP 2539141 A1 EP2539141 A1 EP 2539141A1 EP 11710353 A EP11710353 A EP 11710353A EP 11710353 A EP11710353 A EP 11710353A EP 2539141 A1 EP2539141 A1 EP 2539141A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- meters
- cage
- sea
- green
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 101500027797 Thermococcus kodakarensis (strain ATCC BAA-918 / JCM 12380 / KOD1) Homing endonuclease PI-PkoI Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003280 down draw process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000164 yttrium(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].OP(O)(O)=O UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/08—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on beryllium oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
- B28B15/002—Mobile plants, e.g. on vehicles or on boats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B17/00—Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
- C03B17/06—Forming glass sheets
- C03B17/064—Forming glass sheets by the overflow downdraw fusion process; Isopipes therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
- C04B35/053—Fine ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/481—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing silicon, e.g. zircon
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3248—Zirconates or hafnates, e.g. zircon
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/95—Products characterised by their size, e.g. microceramics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods of forming large blocks of materials.
- the present invention relates to methods of forming large blocks of compressed particle green-bodies and sintered large blocks involving a step of isostatic pressing.
- the present invention is useful, for example, in making large zircon ceramic blocks suitable for an isopipe of a fusion down-draw process for making glass sheets.
- Large ceramic blocks are useful in construction of many engineering structures due to their attractive mechanic properties and refractoriness.
- large blocks of ceramics comprising AI2O3, Zr0 2 , zircon (Zr0 2 Si0 2 ), Ti0 2 , BeO, MgO, Si0 2 , and mixtures and combinations thereof can be used in making components for melting, delivering and forming metal and/or glass articles.
- zircon has been used in making the large forming ceramic block (called isopipe) in fusion down-draw processes for making glass sheets due to high mechanical strength and dimensional stability at high temperatures.
- Ceramic blocks have been made by a process comprising the following steps: (a) packing particles of the ceramic material into a bag; (b) isostatically pressing the bag to form a green-body inside an isopress at a high pressure; and (c) sintering the green-body to obtain a densified ceramic block.
- the sintered ceramic block can be subsequently machined into desired dimensions and shapes.
- each aspect is illustrated by a number of embodiments, which, in turn, can include one or more specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments may or may not overlap with each other. Thus, part of one embodiment, or specific embodiments thereof, may or may not fall within the ambit of another embodiment, or specific embodiments thereof, and vice versa.
- a first aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for making a densified body having a dimension of at least 1 meter, comprising the following steps:
- the green-body water column is part of the sea on the planet earth, and the pressing location is at least 5000 meters below the surface of the sea.
- the green-body water column is part of the sea on the planet earth, and the pressing location is at least 10000 meters below the surface of the sea.
- step (IV) the water column is part of the sea on the planet earth, and the pressing location is at least 10500 meters below the surface of the sea.
- step (I) the plurality of particles comprise a ceramic, and the method further comprises a step (V) as follows:
- the ceramic comprises a material selected from BeO, MgO, Zr0 2 , Zr0 2 Si0 2 , A1 2 0 3 , Ti0 2 , and mixtures and combinations thereof.
- step (IV) comprises:
- step (IV.2) the cage is attached to a cable, and the cable is extendably attached to a vessel on the surface of the water column.
- the cage travels at a vertical speed of at most 10 ms -1 .
- the cage travels at a vertical speed of at most 1 ms "1 .
- a pressure sensor is installed on or near the cage, which provides information of the pressure the bag is subjected to.
- a heating element is provided surrounding the bag during step (IV) to maintain a desired temperature thereof.
- the power of the heating element is controlled via a temperature sensor near or on the bag of the green-body.
- the method further comprises the following step (IV-A):
- the bag in step (IV-A), travels at a vertical speed of at most 10 m-s-1 , in certain embodiments at most 5 m-s-1 , in certain other embodiments at most 1 m-s-1, in certain other embodiments at most 0.5 m-s-1, in certain other embodiments at most 0.1 m-s-1.
- a bladder box capable of providing adjustable difference between weight and buoyancy thereof is attached to the cage.
- step (IV) at the end of step (IV), the weight of the bladder is reduced to provide an overall upward force for the assembly comprising the cage and the bladder.
- the densified body has a dimension of at least 2 meters.
- the densified body has a dimension of at least 3 meters.
- the densified body has a dimension of at least 4 meters.
- the densified body has a dimension of at least 5 meters.
- the densified body has a dimension of at least 10 meters.
- the densified body has at least two dimensions perpendicular to each other each of at least 2 meters.
- the densified body has three dimensions perpendicular to each other each of at least 2 meters.
- the densified body has a porosity of at most 10% by volume, in certain embodiments at most 8%, in certain other embodiments at most 5%, in certain other embodiments at most 3%.
- One or more embodiments of the preset invention have one or more of the following advantages.
- the vessel for transporting the green-body before and after the pressing can be a general purpose vessel not specifically dedicated to the isostatic pressing step, the cost of transportation for the green bodies can be shared with the transportation of other goods, and therefore reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an isopipe operating to make a glass sheet by a fusion down-draw process.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the temperature of sea water as a function of depth thereof in a tropical area that is suitable for carrying out the isostatic pressing step according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the steps of making a Zr0 2 Si0 2 ceramic block according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention may be utilized for making any large bodies of any material involving a step of isostatically pressing a green-body in a sealed bag, especially a green-body for a large ceramic block based on oxides, phosphates or other inorganic materials.
- the present invention is especially useful for making large ceramic blocks having at least one dimension, desirably at least two dimensions perpendicular to each other, of at least 2 meter in size, in certain embodiments at least 2.5 meters, in certain other embodiments at least 3 meters.
- One particularly advantageous use of the present invention is for the fabrication of large zircon (Zr0 2 Si0 2 ) based ceramic blocks useful for making large-size unitary ceramic components in the melting, delivery and conditioning of glass melt and forming of glass articles.
- the isopipe of a fusion down-draw process for making glass sheets, especially high-precision, high surface quality glass sheets suitable as LCD substrates is typically made of a unitary piece of ceramic material such as zircon, xenotime (YP0 4 ) or other refractory materials having high dimensional stability at the target forming temperature.
- the present invention will be further illustrated by the embodiment of making a zircon-based isopipe below. However, it should be understood that, upon reading the present disclosure and with the benefit of the teachings herein, the present invention can be used by one having ordinary skill in the art in making other articles from large blocks of materials, mutatis mutandis.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an isopipe 100 in operation to make a glass ribbon 111 via a fusion down-draw process.
- the isopipe 100 comprises a unitary piece of zircon comprising a trough-shaped upper part 103 over a wedge-shaped lower part 105.
- Molten glass enters into trough 103 through an inlet tube 101, overflows both the top surfaces of the trough 103, forms two ribbons over the external side surfaces of the trough 103 and the two converging side surfaces of the wedge-shaped lower part 105, and fuse at the root 109, which is the lower tip of the wedge-shaped part, to form a single glass ribbon 111 which is drawn downward in the direction 113.
- the glass ribbon 111 is further cooled down downstream (not shown) to form a rigid glass sheet, which is further severed from the glass ribbon, cut to size and used for making LCDs. Because both external surfaces of the glass ribbon 111 were exposed only to ambient air and never came into contact with the surfaces of the isopipe, they are of pristine surface quality essentially free of scratches without the need of further surface finishing such as grinding and polishing.
- the glass sheets made by this process tend to have very high mechanical strength due to the lack of surface flaws.
- the stability of the shape of the isopipe 100 during the production cycle is very important.
- the isopipe can sag overtime due to the gravity of itself and the load of molten glass, leading to shape and dimension shift.
- the porosity of the zircon ceramic affects the sagging and other properties of the isopipe. Therefore, in general, the zircon ceramic for an isopipe is desirably densified to having a porosity of lower than about 10% by volume.
- the pores in the zircon ceramic of an isopipe are mostly closed pores, i.e., they are not exposed to the ambient air surrounding the surface of the isopipe.
- United States Patent No. 6,974,786 and United States Patent Application Publication Nos. US2008/0125307 Al and US2009/0111679 Al and WO09/054951 disclose zircon materials suitable for making isopipes in fusion down-draw processes and processes for making such materials, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- FIG. 3 shows the flow chart of the process of making an isopipe based on zircon ceramics according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- step 301 a powder of zircon having desired chemical composition, particle size and particle size distribution is made.
- particle distribution of the powder should desirably enable a dense packing of the particles under pressure.
- An exemplary particle size range is from about 0.1 ⁇ to about 100 ⁇ , with a median particle size in the range from 3 ⁇ to 20 ⁇ .
- the particles can be made by ball- milling bulk zircon having the desired composition such as those disclosed in the above- mentioned patent references by using the synthesis methods disclosed therein, followed by selection at the proper sieve size.
- the zircon powder having the desired particle size distribution are mixed with optional binders and placed into a hermetically sealable, flexible bag.
- the powder inside the bag is compacted by, e.g., vibration, to improve particle packing.
- the bag can be made of, e.g., nylon or other water-proof flexible fabric.
- the bag should have the shape and volume to house a green-body having the desired shape and dimension.
- the bag should be able to contain such a green-body having a size significantly larger due to the shrinkage of the green-body during the firing and sintering step, described in greater detail infra.
- a metal container such as steel cage or box may be used to house the bag.
- step 305 the bag is vacuumed and then hermetically sealed. The removal of gas from the bag allows the particles to be pressed intimately without trapping large air pockets inside in the subsequent pressing step. Steps 301, 303 and 305 are
- step 305 on the sea immediately before step 307.
- the bag desirably housed inside a metal cage, is lowered into the sea at a location where the depth is at least 1000 meters (e.g., 5000 meters, 6000 meters, 7000 meters, 8000 meters, 9000 meters, 10000 meters, and the like) in a controllable manner.
- the lowering of the bag can be carried out by using a submarine or a extendable cable tethered to a floating vessel or a rig or the like.
- the bag is placed inside a stainless steel cage having a plurality of holes on all six sides, which, in turn, is tethered to one end of a roll of steel cable.
- the cage is brought to above the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean by a vessel, and then lowered into sea water from the vessel in a controllable manner.
- the sea at the Mariana Trench is known to have a maximal depth of more than 10500 meters.
- a pressure sensor is installed on or near the cage, so pressure information can be transmitted to the vessel along the cable or by other means such as wireless transmission.
- a sonar or other device may be used to monitor and locate the cage during the lowering process. It is known that the pressure P exerted by a water column can be calculated according to the following equation:
- the pressing location is at least 8000 meters below sea level, in certain embodiments at least 9000 meters, in certain other embodiments at least 10000 meters. At 10000 meters below sea level, the pressure is about 16 kPsi.
- FIG. 3 shows the temperature of sea water in a tropical area.
- the temperature variation of sea water is not significant, from about 20°C from the surface to about 0°C on the sea floor. This is a temperature range that can be tolerated by most bag material suitable for isopressing.
- the cage has holes on all sides, once it is submerged by sea water, the whole bag is subjected to a substantially even pressure exerted by the water column above it. Hence the green-body inside the bag is pressed isostatically. The combination of the gravity of the cage, the bag and the green-body would allow the cage to descend to the sea floor if the cage is not restricted by the tethered cable.
- the controlled extension of the cable via, e.g., a pulley and/or a motor, can limit the descending to a substantially constant vertical speed, e.g., of at most 10 meters per second (m-s 1 ), in certain embodiments at most 5 ms "1 , in certain other embodiments at most 1 ms "1 .
- a substantially constant vertical speed e.g., of at most 10 meters per second (m-s 1 )
- m-s 1 meters per second
- a relatively slow and constant descending speed allows the particles in the green-body to shuffle, shift, rearrange and pack gradually, resulting in a substantially even overall density and porosity without large cracks and cavity trapped inside.
- the green body can result in unwanted pressure gradient locked inside the green-body, preferential pressing in the surface region than in the core, leading to different levels of packing and compaction in the green-body, which can be detrimental for the final density, porosity and porosity distribution in the sintered ceramic block.
- the slow and steady denscending speed of the green body allows the temperature of the green body to equilibrate with the environment surrounding it at a sufficiently slow speed to avoid any thermal shock which could be detrimental for a uniform packing of the particles.
- the cage should not be allowed to reach the sea floor to avoid contact with sharp objects such as rock which could puncture the bag, causing contamination of the green-body by sea water.
- the cage is held statationery at the depth for a given period of time so that the green-body is compressed to a stable stage before the cable is retracted to retrieve the cage.
- the holding period can range from several minutes to several months, desirably from several hours to several weeks.
- the target depth is desirably at least 5000 meters below sea level, in certain embodiments at least 8000 meters, in certain other embodiments at least 9000 meters, in certain other embodiments at least 10000 meters.
- the maximal depth of the sea at a given location can be determined according to available public data, or by using a depth meter such as a sonar. In general, the target depth should be relatively free from highspeed current and relatively far from geothermal eruptions and volcanos on the sea floor to provide a steady and even compaction environment.
- step 309 the cage is raised to above the sea surface by, e.g., retracting the cable tethered to the cage. Again, the cable retraction speed should be carefully controlled. Unlike the cable extension step, the retracting cable has to counter the weight of the cage and green-body, the weight of the cable, and provide the upward acceleration needed for the whole assembly, minus the buoyancy provided by sea water. While the cage travels upward, the pressure exerted on the green-body and the bag decreases gradually. To maintain the structural integrity of the compressed green-body, sudden pressure change should be avoided. Thus, a gradual, slow cable retraction speed is desired.
- the cable is retracted at a speed of at most 10 ms "1 , in certain embodiments at most 1 ms "1 , in certain embodiments at most 0.5 ms "1 , in certain other embodiments at most 0.1 ms "1 .
- speed control in the ascending step can have significant impact on the packing of the particles due to abrupt changes of pressures and temperature can impose on the green-body.
- a slow and constant ascending vertical speed allows the green-body to equilibrate with the surrounding environment both in terms of pressure and temperature, allows the internal pressure inside the green-body to release gradually, and avoids detrimental thermal shock.
- a sealable metal box equipped with a valve that allows controllable ingress and egress of water into the box may be used in lieu of the cage to contain the bag and the green-body.
- the valve can be kept open to allow sea water to flow into the box and maintain sutantially the same pressure in and outside of the box.
- the box can be cubic, oblong or spherical.
- the valve can be kept open to maintain a pressure equilibrium in and outside of the box.
- a box is advantageous in that it prevents unwanted disturbance due to current, innocent or malicious wild life in the sea, and the like.
- the valve is closed, and then the box is raised to a differing location or even above sea level, where the green- body is subjected to the same pressure at the pressing location.
- the box with the green-body and high-pressure water can be shipped to a location on land, where it may be held for a sufficient period of time before the pressure is relieved by opening the valve, and then opened to retrieve the isopressed green-body.
- the box is designed to have a shape such as a spherical shape to maximize its ability to withstand such high pressure.
- a bladder to the container (cage or box) of the bag.
- the bladder is a metal box with function similar to that of a fish or a submarine, which can contain adjustable amount of water.
- the bladder can be filled with water such that the whole assembly can be lowered down to the target location due to gravity.
- the ascending step at least part of the water inside the bladder can be removed and replaced with gas, so that an upward force is provided to the container of the bag and green-body.
- a heating element can be provided to the bag and the green-body, so that the temperature of the green-body can be controlled and adjusted or maintained at a higher level than the water in the sea.
- Such heating element can provide the termal energy by electricity supplied from the vessel, or from reactions of chemicals stocked around the bag.
- a temperature sensor can be provided to the bag of the green-body and used in a temperature control loop.
- step 311 the green-body is then shipped to a sintering facility, where it is taken out of the bag, placed into a furnace, first fired to burn out the binder, if any, and then sintered to a temperature of at least 1000°C, in certain embodiments at least
- the sintering step can take from several hours to several months, desirably from several hours to several weeks. Upon completion of the sintering, the block is slowly cooled down to room temperature to allow annealing and prevent cracking due to thermal shock. For example, the sintering step can take from 1 hour to 150 days, in certain embodiments from 2 hours to 100 days, in certain embodiments from 10 hours to 90 days, in certain embodiments from 20 hours to 80 days, in certain embodiments from 20 hours to 60 days.
- step 313 the cooled large block of zircon ceramics is machined to the desired shape, i.e., having an upper trough and a lower wedge, having desired sizes.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un gros bloc, ce procédé comprenant une étape de compression isostatique d'un corps cru en eaux profondes. De très gros blocs peuvent être fabriqués selon ce procédé à un coût relativement faible. Les eaux profondes fournissent la haute pression nécessaire à la compression isostatique.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30765710P | 2010-02-24 | 2010-02-24 | |
PCT/US2011/025136 WO2011106221A1 (fr) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-02-17 | Procédé de fabrication d'un corps densifié par compression isostatique en eaux profondes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2539141A1 true EP2539141A1 (fr) | 2013-01-02 |
Family
ID=43838012
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11710353A Withdrawn EP2539141A1 (fr) | 2010-02-24 | 2011-02-17 | Procédé de fabrication d'un corps densifié par compression isostatique en eaux profondes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2539141A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5795339B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20130004306A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102762362B (fr) |
TW (1) | TW201139331A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011106221A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8956484B2 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2015-02-17 | Corning Incorporated | Method for bonding zircon substrates |
TWI720090B (zh) | 2015-12-18 | 2021-03-01 | 德商何瑞斯廓格拉斯公司 | 於石英玻璃之製備中作為中間物之經碳摻雜二氧化矽顆粒的製備 |
US10730780B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2020-08-04 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Preparation of a quartz glass body in a multi-chamber oven |
EP3390308A1 (fr) | 2015-12-18 | 2018-10-24 | Heraeus Quarzglas GmbH & Co. KG | Fibres de verre et préformes en verre de silice à faible teneur en oh, cl et al |
KR20180095624A (ko) | 2015-12-18 | 2018-08-27 | 헤래우스 크바르츠글라스 게엠베하 & 컴파니 케이지 | 불투명 실리카 유리 제품의 제조 |
TWI813534B (zh) | 2015-12-18 | 2023-09-01 | 德商何瑞斯廓格拉斯公司 | 利用露點監測在熔融烘箱中製備石英玻璃體 |
US11952303B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2024-04-09 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Increase in silicon content in the preparation of quartz glass |
CN109153593A (zh) | 2015-12-18 | 2019-01-04 | 贺利氏石英玻璃有限两合公司 | 合成石英玻璃粉粒的制备 |
CN108698883A (zh) | 2015-12-18 | 2018-10-23 | 贺利氏石英玻璃有限两合公司 | 石英玻璃制备中的二氧化硅的喷雾造粒 |
WO2017103115A2 (fr) | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fabrication d'un corps en verre de silice dans un creuset en métal réfractaire |
JP6981710B2 (ja) | 2015-12-18 | 2021-12-17 | ヘレウス クワルツグラス ゲーエムベーハー ウント コンパニー カーゲー | 二酸化ケイ素造粒体からの石英ガラス体の調製 |
KR101868736B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-06-18 | 에스케이씨솔믹스 주식회사 | 고분자 봉지를 활용한 성형품 제조장치 |
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JPS6178597A (ja) * | 1984-09-22 | 1986-04-22 | Yoshiaki Nagaura | 高圧域生成法及びその装置 |
JPS6221031U (fr) * | 1985-07-19 | 1987-02-07 | ||
JPH0352799A (ja) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-03-06 | Koichi Tanaka | 深海での圧力加工方法およびその装置 |
CN102992592A (zh) * | 2000-12-01 | 2013-03-27 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 熔融法生产平板玻璃所用的等静压板的下沉控制 |
US7238635B2 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2007-07-03 | Corning Incorporated | Creep resistant zircon refractory material used in a glass manufacturing system |
JP4264343B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-26 | 2009-05-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 放射性廃棄物処分用緩衝体の製造方法、製造装置及び製造用治具 |
CN101104564A (zh) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-16 | 巩义市三松瓷业有限公司 | 一种高性能陶瓷蓄热球生产工艺 |
US7547408B1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2009-06-16 | General Electric Company | Process for reducing non-uniformities in the density of sintered materials |
US7759268B2 (en) | 2006-11-27 | 2010-07-20 | Corning Incorporated | Refractory ceramic composite and method of making |
EP1942358A2 (fr) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | JDS Uniphase Corporation | Ensemble de composants et procédé de fabrication |
US7704905B2 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2010-04-27 | Corning Incorporated | Reduced strain refractory ceramic composite and method of making |
JP5658036B2 (ja) | 2007-10-26 | 2015-01-21 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | ナノ助剤を用いた低クリープ性のジルコン材料およびその製造方法 |
US8986597B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2015-03-24 | Corning Incorporated | Low creep refractory ceramic and method of making |
-
2011
- 2011-02-17 KR KR1020127024773A patent/KR20130004306A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-02-17 WO PCT/US2011/025136 patent/WO2011106221A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-02-17 EP EP11710353A patent/EP2539141A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-17 CN CN201180010532.8A patent/CN102762362B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-17 JP JP2012555044A patent/JP5795339B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-02-24 TW TW100106253A patent/TW201139331A/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2011106221A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2013520339A (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
WO2011106221A1 (fr) | 2011-09-01 |
KR20130004306A (ko) | 2013-01-09 |
TW201139331A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
CN102762362B (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
CN102762362A (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
JP5795339B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
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