EP2536892A1 - Vertically perforated brick having a z-shaped outer contour - Google Patents

Vertically perforated brick having a z-shaped outer contour

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Publication number
EP2536892A1
EP2536892A1 EP11715378A EP11715378A EP2536892A1 EP 2536892 A1 EP2536892 A1 EP 2536892A1 EP 11715378 A EP11715378 A EP 11715378A EP 11715378 A EP11715378 A EP 11715378A EP 2536892 A1 EP2536892 A1 EP 2536892A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outer contour
perforated brick
brick according
brick
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11715378A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2536892B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Schmid
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Geolyth Mineral Technologie GmbH
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Geolyth Mineral Technologie GmbH
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Publication of EP2536892A1 publication Critical patent/EP2536892A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2536892B1 publication Critical patent/EP2536892B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/22—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a perforated brick with Z-shaped outer contour.
  • the outer contour of the profile surface of the tile according to the invention is equal to the outer contour of a surface, which results when two equal, elongated rectangles on longitudinal sides abut each other and are shifted from one another in their longitudinal direction.
  • bricks are made by extruding a clay mass, separating the strand into individual pieces, drying and firing of the individual pieces.
  • the clay mass of a tile does not form a compact solid body, but a short profile piece with many extending in the profile direction hollow chambers, the profile direction is the direction in which the extrusion of the clay mass.
  • outer sides of a brick With “outer sides” of a brick in this document those two sides are designated, which are not intended to lie facing one brick adjacent to a brick side facing, but come to rest on the inside or on the outside of the wall and are usually plastered
  • bricks are provided with hollow chambers which interrupt or deflect the heat flow between the two outer sides Often individual or all such hollow chambers of a brick are filled with a good heat-insulating material such as typically foamed plastic ,
  • bricks are also formed with Z-shapedirefeldr their profile surface. Compared to bricks with rectangular outer contour of the heat flow between the outer sides is reduced over the end faces of the tile. Hollow bricks with Z-shaped outer contour of their profile surface - as defined above - are in the writings CN 1702253 A, CN 2714677 Y, CN 2765964 Y, CN 2898161 Y, CN 201024574 Y, CN 200999413 Y, CN 200952204 Y, CN 101078281 A and CN 201317993 Y, shown.
  • the bricks according to the first eight of these documents (CN 1702253 A, CN 2714677 Y, CN 2765964 Y, CN 2898161 Y, CN 201024574 Y, CN 200999413 Y, CN 200952204 Y, CN 101078281 A) have only hollow chambers with a rectangular cross-sectional area and the both rectangular frame surfaces, from the outer contours of the outer contour of the brick is composed, each having a closed surface line. Due to the fact that the walls of the tiles in profile view do not enclose a triangular area in the manner of a truss, but rather a rectangle, the brick is quite sensitive to horizontal shearing stresses. As a result, the walls must be carried out with disturbing large thickness. This causes high material costs and also costs thermal insulation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a perforated bricks with Z-shaped outer contour, which has a better thermal insulation effect with respect to the previously discussed construction methods with the same mechanical stability.
  • the lateral surface of the brick of two frame surfaces is composed, each having the outer contour of an elongated rectangle, abut each other on a long edge surface and are shifted from one another in the longitudinal direction of this surface, wherein the lateral surfaces of the two, the outer contour of a rectangle having frame surfaces are interrupted in the common overlap region.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary brick according to the invention in a perspective view.
  • Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of bricks of Fig. 1 as a brick layer in a wall.
  • Fig. 1 Those two, each having the outer contour of an elongated rectangle having frame surfaces 1, 2 of which the outer surface of the profile of the brick are composed, are shown in Fig. 1 bordered by two dotted lines. In the area where these two frame surfaces 1, 2 abut each other, they are interrupted.
  • a diagonal surface extends in each of the individual frame surfaces 1, 2 between opposite corners 1 * 1 ⁇ 1 * 2 ⁇ 2 * 1 ⁇ 2 * ⁇
  • those two diagonal surfaces 1.1, 2.1 which lead to such a corner of its frame surface 1, 2, which is located on the respective other frame surface 2, 1, connected in the middle of the overlapping region of their lengths by a cross strut 3.
  • this transverse strut (3) Preferably lies (in profile view) the longitudinal direction of this transverse strut (3) normal to the longitudinal direction of the diagonal faces 1.1, 2.1.
  • the mechanical strength of the brick is considerably increased compared to a design without a direct connection between the diagonal faces 1.1, 2.1, without any significant loss of heat and sound insulation capability.
  • the reason for this is that even on built-in bricks, there may be high punctual loads on the outside, causing bending or buckling stress in the relevant profile walls of the brick. Due to the truss-like arrangement of the walls to each other, the remaining walls, where no such punctual loads are expected to be made much thinner.
  • the insulating material 4 is a mineral foam. Compared to other insulating materials, such as those made of foamed plastic or glass or. Rock wool, is among other things very advantageous that it is plasterable.
  • the brick can then be cut and plastered on the cut surfaces without any additional measures like a normal outer surface.
  • the insulating material 4 is formed from a self-curing mixture of a water-mixed mineral formulation and a foaming or blowing agent.
  • the mixture of formulation, foaming or blowing agent and water needs to be filled only in the cavities of the tile and can be left to harden.
  • the insulating material 4 is formed from a self-curing formulation of a hydraulically setting binder, a pozzolanic setting binder and a sulfate, wherein the water-mixed formulation is added to a foaming agent.
  • the proportion of the sulfate-aluminate cement in the formulation is preferably at least 60 parts by weight, in particular at least 70 parts by weight.
  • the mechanical properties and the insulating properties are favorably influenced.
  • the sulfate component is preferably selected from a group comprising calcium sulfate, ⁇ - or ⁇ -hemihydrate or dihydrate of calcium sulfate, anhydrite, sodium sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, magnesium sulfate and mixtures and derivatives thereof. Hydrate phases are thereby produced during the hardening, which undergo a phase transformation over time, whereby the strength increases.
  • the aluminum component is preferably selected from a group comprising aluminum oxide (A1203), aluminum hydroxides, aluminum silicates, aluminates and mixtures and derivatives thereof. It can thus be positively influenced the solidification behavior and the setting time.
  • the ratio of the sulphate component to the aluminum component may, according to one embodiment, be selected from a range with a lower limit of 4 to 10 and an upper limit of 20 to 30. It is thereby achieved that the setting time of the slurry does not take so long that the danger is that the added foam collapses and thus the porosity of the insulating material is reduced. It is thus simplified by keeping the ratio of the two components in this area, the processing.
  • the ratio of the sulfate component to the aluminum component may be selected from a range having a lower limit of 6 to 12 and an upper limit of 13 to 22, preferably a lower limit of 10 to 18 and an upper range Limit of 12 to 24.
  • the formulation may additionally contain SiO 2 particles in a proportion of not more than 10 parts by weight.
  • the proportion of SiO 2 particles is preferably not more than 7.5 parts by weight, in particular not more than 7.5 parts by weight.
  • the SiO 2 particles have a BET surface area between 5 m 2 / g and 35 m 2 / g, in order to increase the reactivity.
  • the SiO 2 particles preferably have a BET surface area between 10 m 2 / g and 25 m 2 / g, in particular between 16 m 2 / g and 20 m 2 / g.
  • the SiO 2 particles have a particle size of at most 45 ⁇ , wherein in particular the proportion of coarse grain is limited to a maximum of 2% and the rest of the SiO 2 particles have a particle size of at most 1 ⁇ , preferably at most 0.3 ⁇ .
  • the formulation may be added to improve the rheology at least one processing aid from a group comprising an alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal sulfates, fruit acids, for example as a retarder.
  • At least one hydrophobizing agent is added, in particular for the mass hydrophobization of the formulation.
  • the proportion of the hydrophobizing agent in the formulation can be up to 3 percent by weight, preferably up to 1 percent by weight.
  • these additives are free of aggregates, i. is filler-free, so contains no non-reactive constituents, whereby the volumetric weight can be further reduced.
  • the proportion of the foam component per m 3 formulation is between 30 kg and 70 kg, in particular between 40 kg / m 3 and 60 kg / m 3 . In this area, particularly good thermal insulation behavior can be achieved with sufficient mechanical strength.
  • the centers of the short sides of the two frame surfaces 1, 2 are connected to each other by a respective connecting surface 1.5, 2.5.
  • these connecting surfaces which lie parallel to the outer sides 1.4, 2.4 of the brick, the mechanical strength of the brick against bending moments about axes normal to the outer sides is markedly increased, without therefore reducing the insulating capacity against heat flow between the outer sides.
  • the brick will be subdivided into layers parallel to the wall to be formed of several bricks, So lie parallel to the outer sides 1.4, 2.4 and in some of these layers fill all voids with insulation and leave all the cavities of an adjacent layer empty.
  • the middle zone ie in the zone enclosing the surfaces 1.3, 2.3, all the cavities may be filled and all the cavities on the outer sides 1.4, 2.4 of the brick may be empty.

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertically perforated brick having a Z-shaped outer contour, wherein the lateral face of the brick comprises two frame surfaces, which each have the outer contour of an elongated rectangle, lie against each other on a long edge surface, and are moved toward each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, wherein the lateral faces of the two frame surfaces having the outer contour of a rectangle are interrupted in the common overlapping area. One diagonal surface (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2) extends between each pair of opposite corners of the two frame surfaces (1, 2). The brick thus formed can have an extremely good heat insulating ability while also having good mechanical strength.

Description

Hochlochziegel mit Z-förmiger Außenkontur Hollow brick with Z-shaped outer contour
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochlochziegel mit Z-förmiger Außenkontur . The invention relates to a perforated brick with Z-shaped outer contour.
Die Außenkontur der Profilfläche des erfindungsgemäßen Ziegels ist gleich der Außenkontur einer Fläche, welche sich ergibt, wenn zwei gleiche, längliche Rechtecke an Längsseiten aneinander anliegen und gegeneinander in ihrer Längsrichtung verschoben sind. The outer contour of the profile surface of the tile according to the invention is equal to the outer contour of a surface, which results when two equal, elongated rectangles on longitudinal sides abut each other and are shifted from one another in their longitudinal direction.
Üblicherweise werden Ziegel durch Strangpressen einer Tonmasse, Trennen des Stranges in Einzelstücke, Trocknen und Brennen der einzelnen Einzelstücke hergestellt. Üblicherweise bildet die Tonmasse eines Ziegels keinen kompakten Vollkörper, sondern ein kurzes Profilstück mit vielen in Profilrichtung verlaufenden Hohlkammern, wobei die Profilrichtung die Richtung ist, in welcher das Strangpressen der Tonmasse erfolgt. Ziegel, welche bestimmungsgemäß im Mauerwerk mit vertikal verlaufender Profilrichtung angeordnet werden, bezeichnet man als Hochlochziegel. Usually bricks are made by extruding a clay mass, separating the strand into individual pieces, drying and firing of the individual pieces. Usually, the clay mass of a tile does not form a compact solid body, but a short profile piece with many extending in the profile direction hollow chambers, the profile direction is the direction in which the extrusion of the clay mass. Bricks, which are intended to be arranged in the masonry with vertically extending profile direction, called a perforated brick.
Mit „Außenseiten" eines Ziegels sind in dieser Schrift jene beiden Seiten bezeichnet, welche bestimmungsgemäß bei eingebautem Ziegel nicht einer Seite eines benachbart angeordneten Ziegels zugewendet zu liegen kommen, sondern an der Innenseite bzw. an der Außenseite der Mauer zu liegen kommen und üblicherweise verputzt werden. Um die Wärmedämmfähigkeit eines Ziegels zu erhöhen stattet man Ziegel mit Hohlkammern aus, durch welche der Wärme- fluss zwischen den beiden Außenseiten unterbrochen bzw. umgelenkt wird. Oftmals werden einzelne oder alle derartigen Hohlkammern eines Ziegels mit einem gut wärmeisolierenden Material wie typischerweise geschäumtem Kunststoff gefüllt.  With "outer sides" of a brick in this document those two sides are designated, which are not intended to lie facing one brick adjacent to a brick side facing, but come to rest on the inside or on the outside of the wall and are usually plastered In order to increase the heat-insulating capacity of a brick, bricks are provided with hollow chambers which interrupt or deflect the heat flow between the two outer sides Often individual or all such hollow chambers of a brick are filled with a good heat-insulating material such as typically foamed plastic ,
Als weitere Maßnahme um die Wärmedämmung zu verbessern, werden Ziegel auch mit Z-förmiger Außenkontor ihrer Profilfläche ausgebildet. Gegenüber Ziegeln mit rechteckiger Außenkontur wird dadurch der Wärmefluss zwischen den Außenseiten über die Stirnflächen des Ziegels vermindert. Hochlochziegel mit Z-förmiger Außenkontur ihrer Profilfläche - gemäß obiger Definition - sind in den Schriften CN 1702253 A, CN 2714677 Y, CN 2765964 Y, CN 2898161 Y, CN 201024574 Y, CN 200999413 Y, CN 200952204 Y, CN 101078281 A und CN 201317993 Y, gezeigt . As a further measure to improve the thermal insulation, bricks are also formed with Z-shaped Außenkontor their profile surface. Compared to bricks with rectangular outer contour of the heat flow between the outer sides is reduced over the end faces of the tile. Hollow bricks with Z-shaped outer contour of their profile surface - as defined above - are in the writings CN 1702253 A, CN 2714677 Y, CN 2765964 Y, CN 2898161 Y, CN 201024574 Y, CN 200999413 Y, CN 200952204 Y, CN 101078281 A and CN 201317993 Y, shown.
Die Ziegel gemäß den ersten acht dieser Schriften (CN 1702253 A, CN 2714677 Y, CN 2765964 Y, CN 2898161 Y, CN 201024574 Y, CN 200999413 Y, CN 200952204 Y, CN 101078281 A) weisen ausschließlich Hohlkammern mit rechteckiger Querschnittsfläche auf und die beiden rechteckigen Rahmenflächen, aus deren Außenkonturen die Außenkontur des Ziegels zusammengesetzt ist, weisen jeweils eine geschlossene Mantellinie auf. Auf Grund dessen, dass die Wände der Ziegel in Profilansicht nicht nach Art eines Fachwerks jeweils eine Dreieckfläche einschließen, sondern ein Rechteck, ist der Ziegel gegen horizontale Scherbeanspruchungen recht empfindlich. Dadurch müssen die Wände mit störend großer Dicke ausgeführt werden. Das verursacht hohen Materialaufwand und kostet zudem Wärmedämmfähigkeit.  The bricks according to the first eight of these documents (CN 1702253 A, CN 2714677 Y, CN 2765964 Y, CN 2898161 Y, CN 201024574 Y, CN 200999413 Y, CN 200952204 Y, CN 101078281 A) have only hollow chambers with a rectangular cross-sectional area and the both rectangular frame surfaces, from the outer contours of the outer contour of the brick is composed, each having a closed surface line. Due to the fact that the walls of the tiles in profile view do not enclose a triangular area in the manner of a truss, but rather a rectangle, the brick is quite sensitive to horizontal shearing stresses. As a result, the walls must be carried out with disturbing large thickness. This causes high material costs and also costs thermal insulation.
Beim Ziegel gemäß der CN 201317993 Y sind die beiden rechteckigen Rahmenflächen, aus deren Außenkonturen die Außenkontur des Ziegels zusammengesetzt ist, im gemeinsamen Berührungsbereich unterbrochen, sodass ein gemeinsamer Hohlraum durch beide rechteckigen Rahmenflächen eingeschlossen wird. Gegenüber den Bauweisen gemäß den vorher erwähnten CN-Schriften kann damit Wärme- und Schalldämmwirkung verbessert werden. Die Empfindlichkeit gegen Zerstörung durch mechanische Beanspruchung ist bei gleichen Wandstärken und Außenkonturen allerdings noch größer.  When brick according to CN 201317993 Y, the two rectangular frame surfaces, whose outer contours the outer contour of the brick is composed, interrupted in the common contact area, so that a common cavity is enclosed by both rectangular frame surfaces. Compared with the construction methods according to the aforementioned CN writings so that heat and sound insulation can be improved. The sensitivity to destruction by mechanical stress is even greater for the same wall thicknesses and outer contours.
Die Aufgabenstellung an die Erfindung liegt darin, einen Hochlochziegel mit Z-förmiger Außenkontur bereitzustellen, welcher gegenüber den zuvor besprochen Bauweisen bei gleicher mechanischer Stabilität eine bessere Wärmedämmwirkung aufweist. The object of the invention is to provide a perforated bricks with Z-shaped outer contour, which has a better thermal insulation effect with respect to the previously discussed construction methods with the same mechanical stability.
Zum Lösen der Aufgabenstellung wird von einer Bauweise ausgegangen bei der die Mantelfläche des Ziegels aus zwei Rahmenflächen zusammengesetzt ist, welche jeweils die Außenkontur eines länglichen Rechtecks aufweisen, aneinander an einer langen Randfläche anliegen und gegeneinander in Längsrichtung dieser Fläche verschoben sind, wobei die Mantelflächen der beiden, die Außenkontur eines Rechtecks aufweisenden Rahmenflächen im gemeinsamen Überlappungsbereich unterbrochen sind. Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, an den beiden Rahmenflächen jeweils zwei Diagonalflächen vorzusehen, welche in den jeweiligen Rahmenflächen diagonal gegenüber liegende Ecken miteinander verbinden. To solve the task is based on a construction in which the lateral surface of the brick of two frame surfaces is composed, each having the outer contour of an elongated rectangle, abut each other on a long edge surface and are shifted from one another in the longitudinal direction of this surface, wherein the lateral surfaces of the two, the outer contour of a rectangle having frame surfaces are interrupted in the common overlap region. According to the invention, it is proposed to provide two diagonal surfaces each on the two frame surfaces which connect diagonally opposite corners in the respective frame surfaces.
Die Erfindung wird einschließlich vorteilhafter Weiterbildungen an Hand von Zeichnungen zu einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erörtert : The invention will be discussed in more detail including advantageous developments with reference to drawings for an embodiment:
Fig. 1: zeigt einen beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Ziegel in einer perspektivischen Ansicht. Fig. 1: shows an exemplary brick according to the invention in a perspective view.
Fig. 2: zeigt die Anordnung von Ziegeln von Fig. 1 als Ziegellage in einer Mauer. Fig. 2: shows the arrangement of bricks of Fig. 1 as a brick layer in a wall.
Jene beiden, jeweils die Außenkontur eines länglichen Rechtecks aufweisenden Rahmenflächen 1, 2 aus welchen die Mantelfläche des Profils des Ziegels zusammengesetzt sind, sind in Fig. 1 durch zwei strichlierte Linienzüge eingefasst dargestellt. In dem Bereich, an welchem diese beiden Rahmenflächen 1, 2 aneinander anliegen, sind sie unterbrochen. Those two, each having the outer contour of an elongated rectangle having frame surfaces 1, 2 of which the outer surface of the profile of the brick are composed, are shown in Fig. 1 bordered by two dotted lines. In the area where these two frame surfaces 1, 2 abut each other, they are interrupted.
Erfindungsgemäß erstreckt sich in den einzelnen Rahmenflächen 1, 2 jeweils zwischen gegenüberliegenden Ecken eine Diagonalfläche 1 * 1 ^ 1*2^ 2*1^ 2 * · According to the invention, a diagonal surface extends in each of the individual frame surfaces 1, 2 between opposite corners 1 * 1 ^ 1 * 2 ^ 2 * 1 ^ 2 * ·
Durch die Ausbildung von diagonalen Flächen 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 zwischen den rechtwinkelig zueinander angeordneten Teilflächen der Rahmenflächen 1, 2 wird die Querschnittsfläche des Ziegels in Verstrebungen unterteilt, welche Dreiecksflächen zwischen sich einschließen. Dadurch werden in einem höheren Maß als bei den vorbekannten Bauweisen von außen aufgebrachte mechanische Lasten als reine Zug- oder Druckkräfte in die einzelnen Wände des Ziegel eingeleitet und weniger als Biege- und/oder Scherkräfte. Damit kann bei gleicher mechanischer Robustheit gegenüber vorbekannten Bauweisen mit geringeren Wandstärken das Auslangen gefunden wer¬ den. Damit wird Materialaufwand gesenkt und Wärmedämmfähigkeit verbessert . Due to the formation of diagonal surfaces 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 between the mutually perpendicular partial surfaces of the frame surfaces 1, 2, the cross-sectional area of the tile is subdivided into struts, which enclose triangular areas between them. As a result, to a greater extent than in the prior art designs from the outside applied mechanical loads as pure tensile or compressive forces in the individual walls of the brick initiated and less than bending and / or shear forces. This can be found at the same mechanical robustness over prior art constructions with smaller wall thicknesses ¬ who. This reduces the cost of materials and improves thermal insulation.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind jene beiden Diagonalflächen 1.1, 2.1, welche zu einer solchen Ecke ihrer Rahmenfläche 1, 2 führen, die an der jeweils anderen Rahmenfläche 2, 1 liegt, in der Mitte des Überlappungsbereiches ihrer Längen durch eine Querstrebe 3 verbunden. In a preferred embodiment, those two diagonal surfaces 1.1, 2.1, which lead to such a corner of its frame surface 1, 2, which is located on the respective other frame surface 2, 1, connected in the middle of the overlapping region of their lengths by a cross strut 3.
Bevorzugt liegt (in Profilansicht) die Längsrichtung dieser Querstrebe (3) normal zur Längsrichtung der Diagonalflächen 1.1, 2.1. Durch die Querstrebe 3 wird gegenüber einer Ausführung ohne direkte Verbindung zwischen den Diagonalflächen 1.1, 2.1, die mechanische Festigkeit des Ziegels beträchtlich erhöht ohne dass deswegen Wärme- und Schalldämmfähigkeit nennenswert leiden. Preferably lies (in profile view) the longitudinal direction of this transverse strut (3) normal to the longitudinal direction of the diagonal faces 1.1, 2.1. As a result of the transverse strut 3, the mechanical strength of the brick is considerably increased compared to a design without a direct connection between the diagonal faces 1.1, 2.1, without any significant loss of heat and sound insulation capability.
Bevorzugt ist der Ziegeln an den Außenseiten 1.4, 2.4, also an jenen Seiten, welche bei bestimmungsgemäßen Einbau an der Innenbzw. Außenseite der Mauer zu liegen kommen, mit stärkerer Wandstärke ausgeführt als an den restlichen Profilwänden. Der Grund dafür ist, dass es an den Außenseiten auch noch bei eingebautem Ziegel zu hohen punktuellen Belastungen kommen kann, die in den betreffenden Profilwänden des Ziegels Biege- bzw. Beulbeanspruchung verursachen. Auf Grund der fachwerkartigen Anordnung der Wände zueinander können die restlichen Wände, bei denen keine derartigen punktuellen Belastungen zu erwarten sind, sehr viel dünner ausgeführt werden.  Preferably, the bricks on the outer sides 1.4, 2.4, ie on those sides, which when properly installed on the Innenbzw. Outside of the wall come to rest, designed with stronger wall thickness than on the remaining profile walls. The reason for this is that even on built-in bricks, there may be high punctual loads on the outside, causing bending or buckling stress in the relevant profile walls of the brick. Due to the truss-like arrangement of the walls to each other, the remaining walls, where no such punctual loads are expected to be made much thinner.
Bevorzugt sind einzelne oder alle Hohlkammern des Ziegels durch einen Dämmstoff 4 ausgefüllt. Durch das Füllen der Hohlkammern mit Dämmstoff wird gegenüber einer leeren Ausführung eine Verbesserung von Wärme- und Schalldämmung erreicht. Weiter bevorzugt ist der Dämmstoff 4 ein mineralischer Schaum. Gegenüber anderen Dämmstoffen, wie solchen aus geschäumtem Kunststoff oder aus Glas- oder. Steinwolle, ist daran unter anderem sehr vorteilhaft, dass er verputzbar ist. Der Ziegel kann dann also auch geschnitten werden und an den Schnittflächen ohne weitere Zusatzmaßnahme wie eine normale Außenfläche verputzt werden.Preferably, individual or all hollow chambers of the brick are filled by an insulating material 4. By filling the hollow chambers with insulation, an improvement of heat and sound insulation is achieved compared to an empty version. More preferably, the insulating material 4 is a mineral foam. Compared to other insulating materials, such as those made of foamed plastic or glass or. Rock wool, is among other things very advantageous that it is plasterable. The brick can then be cut and plastered on the cut surfaces without any additional measures like a normal outer surface.
Weiter bevorzugt ist der Dämmstoff 4 aus einem selbstaushärtenden Gemisch einer mit Wasser angerührten mineralischen Formulierung und eines Schaumbildners oder Treibmittels gebildet. More preferably, the insulating material 4 is formed from a self-curing mixture of a water-mixed mineral formulation and a foaming or blowing agent.
Damit braucht das Gemisch aus Formulierung, Schaumbildner bzw. Treibmittel und Wasser nur in die Hohlräume des Ziegels eingefüllt zu werden und kann dort aushärten gelassen werden.  Thus, the mixture of formulation, foaming or blowing agent and water needs to be filled only in the cavities of the tile and can be left to harden.
Weiter bevorzugt ist der Dämmstoff 4 aus einer selbstaushärtenden Formulierung aus einem hydraulisch abbindenden Bindemittel, einem puzzolanisch abbindenden Bindemittel und einem Sulfat gebildet, wobei der mit Wasser angerührten Formulierung ein Schaumbildner beigegeben ist.  More preferably, the insulating material 4 is formed from a self-curing formulation of a hydraulically setting binder, a pozzolanic setting binder and a sulfate, wherein the water-mixed formulation is added to a foaming agent.
Damit sind besonders komfortable Verarbeitungseigenschaften, wie insbesondere sehr rasches Aushärten ohne Schwund und zusätzlich hohe Wärmedämmwerte erzielbar.  This makes particularly comfortable processing properties, in particular very rapid curing without shrinkage and additionally high thermal insulation values achievable.
Über die Formulierung ist weiters zu sagen: About the formulation is further to say:
Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil des Sulfat-Aluminat-Zements an der Formulierung zumindest 60 Gewichtsteile, insbesondere zumindest 70 Gewichtsteile. Dadurch werden die die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Dämmeigenschaften günstig beeinflusst.  The proportion of the sulfate-aluminate cement in the formulation is preferably at least 60 parts by weight, in particular at least 70 parts by weight. As a result, the mechanical properties and the insulating properties are favorably influenced.
Vorzugsweise ist die Sulfatkomponente ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe umfassend Kalziumsulfat, a- oder ß- Halbhydrat oder Dihyd- rat von Calziumsulfat , Anhydrit, Natriumsulfat, Eisen- (II)- sulfat, Magnesiumsulfat sowie Mischungen und Derivate daraus. Es werden damit Hydratphasen während der Erhärtung erzeugt, die im Laufe der Zeit einer Phasenumwandlung unterliegen, wobei die Festigkeit zunimmt. Die Aluminiumkomponente ist bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe umfassend Aluminiumoxid (A1203) , Aluminiumhydroxide, Aluminiumsilikate, Aluminate sowie Mischungen und Derivate daraus. Es kann damit das Erstarrungsverhalten und die Abbindezeit positiv beeinflusst werden. The sulfate component is preferably selected from a group comprising calcium sulfate, α- or β-hemihydrate or dihydrate of calcium sulfate, anhydrite, sodium sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, magnesium sulfate and mixtures and derivatives thereof. Hydrate phases are thereby produced during the hardening, which undergo a phase transformation over time, whereby the strength increases. The aluminum component is preferably selected from a group comprising aluminum oxide (A1203), aluminum hydroxides, aluminum silicates, aluminates and mixtures and derivatives thereof. It can thus be positively influenced the solidification behavior and the setting time.
Das Verhältnis der Sulfatkomponente zur Aluminiumkomponente kann gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante ausgewählt sein aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 4 zu 10 und einer oberen Grenze von 20 zu 30. Es wird damit erreicht, dass die Abbindezeit des Slurry nicht so lange dauert, dass die Gefahr besteht, dass der zugegebene Schaum zusammenfällt und damit die Porosität des Dämmstoffes verringert wird. Es wird also durch das Einhalten des Verhältnisses der beiden Komponenten in diesem Bereich die Verarbeitung vereinfacht .  The ratio of the sulphate component to the aluminum component may, according to one embodiment, be selected from a range with a lower limit of 4 to 10 and an upper limit of 20 to 30. It is thereby achieved that the setting time of the slurry does not take so long that the danger is that the added foam collapses and thus the porosity of the insulating material is reduced. It is thus simplified by keeping the ratio of the two components in this area, the processing.
Insbesondere kann zur weiteren Verbesserung dieses Verhaltens das Verhältnis der Sulfatkomponente zur Aluminiumkomponente ausgewählt sein aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 6 zu 12 und einer oberen Grenze von 13 zu 22, vorzugsweise aus einem Bereich mit einer unteren Grenze von 10 zu 18 und einer oberen Grenze von 12 zu 24.  In particular, to further improve this behavior, the ratio of the sulfate component to the aluminum component may be selected from a range having a lower limit of 6 to 12 and an upper limit of 13 to 22, preferably a lower limit of 10 to 18 and an upper range Limit of 12 to 24.
Zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Dämmstoffes kann die Formulierung zusätzlich Si02-Partikel in einem Anteil von maximal 10 Gewichtsteilen enthalten. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil an Si02-Partikel jedoch maximal 7,5 Gewichtsteile, insbesondere maximal 7,5 Gewichtsteile.  To improve the mechanical properties of the insulating material, the formulation may additionally contain SiO 2 particles in a proportion of not more than 10 parts by weight. However, the proportion of SiO 2 particles is preferably not more than 7.5 parts by weight, in particular not more than 7.5 parts by weight.
In einer Ausführungsvariante dazu ist vorgesehen, dass die Si02- Partikel eine BET-Oberflache zwischen 5 m2/g und 35 m2/g aufweisen, um damit die Reaktivität zu erhöhen. Vorzugsweise weisen die Si02-Partikel eine BET-Oberfläche zwischen 10 m2/g und 25 m2 /g auf, insbesondere zwischen 16 m2/g und 20 m2/g. Bevorzugt weisen die Si02-Partikel eine Partikelgröße von maximal 45 μπι auf, wobei insbesondere der Anteil des Grobkorns auf maximal 2 % beschränkt ist und der Rest der Si02-Partikel eine Partikelgröße von maximal 1 μπι, vorzugsweise maximal 0,3 μηι, aufweisen. Der Formulierung kann zur Verbesserung der Rheologie zumindest eine Verarbeitungshilfe aus einer Gruppe umfassend ein Alkalikarbonate, Alkalisulfate, Fruchtsäuren zugesetzt sein, beispielsweise als Verzögerer. In one embodiment, it is provided that the SiO 2 particles have a BET surface area between 5 m 2 / g and 35 m 2 / g, in order to increase the reactivity. The SiO 2 particles preferably have a BET surface area between 10 m 2 / g and 25 m 2 / g, in particular between 16 m 2 / g and 20 m 2 / g. Preferably, the SiO 2 particles have a particle size of at most 45 μπι, wherein in particular the proportion of coarse grain is limited to a maximum of 2% and the rest of the SiO 2 particles have a particle size of at most 1 μπι, preferably at most 0.3 μηι. The formulation may be added to improve the rheology at least one processing aid from a group comprising an alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal sulfates, fruit acids, for example as a retarder.
Um den Anteil an Sorptionsfeuchte im der fertigen Dämmstoff 4 zu reduzieren und damit die Wärmedämmung zu verbessern, kann vorgesehen werden, dass zumindest ein Hydrophobierungsmittel zugesetzt wird, insbesondere zur Massehydrophobierung der Formulierung. Der Anteil des Hydrophobierungsmittels an der Formulierung kann dabei bis zu 3 Gewichtsprozente, vorzugsweise bis zu 1 Gewichtsprozent, betragen.  In order to reduce the proportion of sorption moisture in the finished insulating material 4 and thus to improve the thermal insulation, it can be provided that at least one hydrophobizing agent is added, in particular for the mass hydrophobization of the formulation. The proportion of the hydrophobizing agent in the formulation can be up to 3 percent by weight, preferably up to 1 percent by weight.
Gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsvariante der Formulierung kann vorgesehen sein, dass diese Zuschlagstofffrei , d.h. füllstofffrei ist, also keine nichtreaktiven Bestandteile enthält, wodurch das Raumgewicht weiter gesenkt werden kann.  According to another embodiment of the formulation, it may be provided that these additives are free of aggregates, i. is filler-free, so contains no non-reactive constituents, whereby the volumetric weight can be further reduced.
Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil der Schaumkomponente pro m3 Formulierung zwischen 30 kg und 70 kg, insbesondere zwischen 40 kg/m3 und 60 kg/m3. In diesem Bereich ist besonders gutes Wärmedämmverhalten bei noch ausreichender mechanischer Festigkeit erreichbar . Preferably, the proportion of the foam component per m 3 formulation is between 30 kg and 70 kg, in particular between 40 kg / m 3 and 60 kg / m 3 . In this area, particularly good thermal insulation behavior can be achieved with sufficient mechanical strength.
Bevorzugt sind die Mitten der kurzen Seiten der beiden Rahmenflächen 1, 2 durch jeweils eine Verbindungsfläche 1.5, 2.5 miteinander verbunden. Durch diese Verbindungsflächen, welche parallel zu den Außenseiten 1.4, 2.4 des Ziegels liegen, wird die mechanische Festigkeit des Ziegels gegen Biegemomente um zu den Außenseiten normal liegende Achsen deutlich erhöht, ohne dass deswegen die Dämmfähigkeit gegen Wärmefluss zwischen den Außenseiten verringert wird. Preferably, the centers of the short sides of the two frame surfaces 1, 2 are connected to each other by a respective connecting surface 1.5, 2.5. By means of these connecting surfaces, which lie parallel to the outer sides 1.4, 2.4 of the brick, the mechanical strength of the brick against bending moments about axes normal to the outer sides is markedly increased, without therefore reducing the insulating capacity against heat flow between the outer sides.
Durch die Teilung von Hohlräumen durch die Verbindungsflächen 1.5, 2.5 wird es zudem besser möglich, nur einzelne Hohlräume mit einem Dämmstoff 4 zu füllen und andere Hohlräume leer zu lassen. Bevorzugt wird man dabei den Ziegel in Schichten unterteilen, welche parallel zu der aus mehreren Ziegeln zu bildenden Mauer, also parallel zu den Außenseiten 1.4, 2.4 liegen und in einzelnen dieser Schichten alle Hohlräume mit Dämmstoff füllen und alle Hohlräume einer angrenzenden Schicht leer lassen. Typischerweise können in der Mittelzone, also in jener Zone, welche die Flächen 1.3, 2.3 einschließen, alle Hohlräume gefüllt sein und alle Hohlräume an den Außenseiten 1.4, 2.4 des Ziegels leer sein. Anstatt der so gebildeten drei Schichten könnte man aber auch nur zwei derartige Schichten vorsehen und Dämmstoff somit nur an in eine Seite des Ziegels einfüllen. In Abhängigkeit davon ob die Dämmstoffseite dann der Gebäudeinnenseite oder der Gebäudeaußenseite zugewandt angeordnet wird, kann man dann das für das Raumklima wirksame Wärme- und Feuchtigkeitsspeicherverhalten der Mauer beeinflussen. Generell kann man durch das Auffüllen von nur einem Teil der Hohlräume des Ziegels gegenüber dem Auffüllen aller Hohlräume mit Dämmstoff Kostenvorteile, bauphysiologische Vorteile und Vorteile in Bezug auf die Schalldämmung erzielen, welche in Summe bedeutender sind als der dadurch entgangene Gewinn an Wärmedämmung . Due to the division of cavities through the connecting surfaces 1.5, 2.5, it is also better possible to fill only individual cavities with an insulating material 4 and leave other cavities empty. Preferably, the brick will be subdivided into layers parallel to the wall to be formed of several bricks, So lie parallel to the outer sides 1.4, 2.4 and in some of these layers fill all voids with insulation and leave all the cavities of an adjacent layer empty. Typically, in the middle zone, ie in the zone enclosing the surfaces 1.3, 2.3, all the cavities may be filled and all the cavities on the outer sides 1.4, 2.4 of the brick may be empty. Instead of the three layers formed in this way, it would also be possible to provide only two such layers and thus to fill insulating material only in one side of the brick. Depending on whether the insulation side is then facing the inside of the building or the outside of the building, you can then influence the effective for the indoor climate heat and moisture storage behavior of the wall. In general, you can achieve by filling only a portion of the cavities of the tile over the filling of all cavities with insulation cost advantages, structural advantages and advantages in terms of sound insulation, which are in sum more significant than the loss of thermal insulation thereby lost.
Ergänzend sei festgehalten, dass es im Rahmen der Erfindung natürlich auch möglich ist, den Ziegel wie bekannte Ziegel entsprechend dem Stand der Technik auch, an den Außenwänden mit Nuten, Vorsprüngen etc. auszustatten um deren Handhabbarkeit zu verbessern . In addition, it should be noted that it is of course also possible in the context of the invention, the brick as well-known brick according to the prior art, on the outer walls with grooves, projections, etc. to equip their handling to improve.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Hochlochziegel mit Z-förmiger Außenkontur, wobei die Mantelfläche des Ziegels aus zwei Rahmenflächen zusammengesetzt ist, welche jeweils die Außenkontur eines länglichen Rechtecks aufweisen, aneinander an einer langen Randfläche anliegen und gegeneinander in Längsrichtung dieser Fläche verschoben sind, wobei die Mantelflächen der beiden, die Außenkontur eines Rechtecks aufweisenden Rahmenflächen im gemeinsamen Überlappungsbereich unterbrochen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich jeweils zwischen gegenüberliegenden Ecken der beiden die Außenkontur eines Rechtecks aufweisenden Rahmenflächen (1, 2) eine Diagonalfläche (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2) erstreckt . 1. perforated bricks with Z-shaped outer contour, wherein the lateral surface of the brick is composed of two frame surfaces, each having the outer contour of an elongated rectangle, abut each other on a long edge surface and are shifted from one another in the longitudinal direction of this surface, wherein the lateral surfaces of the two, the outer contour of a rectangle having frame surfaces are interrupted in the common overlap region, characterized in that extending between opposite corners of the two outer contour of a rectangle having frame surfaces (1, 2) a diagonal surface (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2).
2. Hochlochziegel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jene beiden Diagonalflächen (1.1, 2.1), welche zu einer solchen Ecke ihrer Rahmenfläche (1, 2) führen, die an der jeweils anderen Rahmenfläche (2, 1) liegt, durch eine Querstrebe (3) verbunden sind.  2. perforated brick according to claim 1, characterized in that those two diagonal surfaces (1.1, 2.1), which lead to such a corner of its frame surface (1, 2) which is located on the respective other frame surface (2, 1), by a transverse strut (3) are connected.
3. Hochlochziegel nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querstrebe (3) mit den Diagonalflächen (1.1, 2.1) jeweils in der Mitte von deren gemeinsamen Längenüberlappungsbereich verbunden ist und dass die Ebene der Querstrebe (3) normal zu den Ebenen der Diagonalflächen (1.1, 2.1) liegt.  3. perforated brick according to claim 2, characterized in that the transverse strut (3) is connected to the diagonal surfaces (1.1, 2.1) respectively in the middle of their common length overlap region and that the plane of the transverse strut (3) normal to the planes of the diagonal surfaces (3). 1.1, 2.1).
4. Hochlochziegel nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Außenseiten (1.4, 2.4) des Ziegels, also jene Seiten, welche bei bestimmungsgemäßem Einbau an der Innen- bzw. Außenseite einer Mauer zu liegen kommen, mit stärkerer Wandstärke ausgeführt sind als die restlichen Profilwände des Ziegels.  4. perforated brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer sides (1.4, 2.4) of the brick, ie those sides which come to rest on the inside or outside of a wall when installed as intended, are designed with stronger wall thickness than the remaining profile walls of the brick.
5. Hochlochziegel nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Hohlkammern durch einen Dämmstoff (4) ausgefüllt sind. 5. perforated brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that hollow chambers are filled by an insulating material (4).
6. Hochlochziegel nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dämmstoff (4) ein mineralischer Schaumstoff ist. 6. perforated brick according to claim 5, characterized in that the insulating material (4) is a mineral foam.
7. Hochlochziegel nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dämmstoff (4) aus einem selbstaushärtenden Gemisch einer mit Wasser angerührten mineralischen Formulierung und eines Schaumbildners oder Treibmittels ist.  7. perforated brick according to claim 6, characterized in that the insulating material (4) is made of a self-curing mixture of a water-mixed with mineral formulation and a foaming or blowing agent.
8. Hochlochziegel nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Formulierung ein hydraulisch abbindendes Bindemittel, ein puzzolanisch abbindendes Bindemittel und ein Sulfat umfasst und dass der mit Wasser angerührten Formulierung ein Schaumbildner beigegeben ist.  8. Perforated brick according to claim 7, characterized in that the formulation comprises a hydraulically setting binder, a pozzolanic setting binder and a sulfate and that the water-stirred formulation is added to a foaming agent.
9. Hochlochziegel nach einem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils die Mitten der beiden kurzen Seiten der beiden Rahmenflächen (1, 2) durch eine Verbindungsfläche (1.5, 2.5) miteinander verbunden sind.  9. perforated brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case the centers of the two short sides of the two frame surfaces (1, 2) by a connecting surface (1.5, 2.5) are interconnected.
10. Hochlochziegel nach Anspruch 9 und einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einzelne Hohlräume mit Dämmstoff (4) gefüllt sind und andere Hohlräume leer sind.  10. perforated brick according to claim 9 and one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that individual cavities are filled with insulating material (4) and other cavities are empty.
EP11715378.3A 2010-02-16 2011-02-08 Vertically perforated brick having a z-shaped outer contour Not-in-force EP2536892B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2272010A AT509057B1 (en) 2010-02-16 2010-02-16 HOLLOW BRUSH WITH Z-SHAPED OUTER CONTOUR
PCT/AT2011/000070 WO2011100772A1 (en) 2010-02-16 2011-02-08 Vertically perforated brick having a z-shaped outer contour

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EP2536892A1 true EP2536892A1 (en) 2012-12-26
EP2536892B1 EP2536892B1 (en) 2013-12-25

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ES (1) ES2452937T3 (en)
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ES2462866B1 (en) * 2012-10-26 2015-03-04 Barcelona Cladding Company Sl Multilayer piece with air chamber for making vertical building walls
IT201700097602A1 (en) * 2017-08-30 2019-03-02 Poseidon Gt S R L BRICK AND WALL STRUCTURE MADE WITH SUCH BRICK
CN113187125A (en) * 2021-05-25 2021-07-30 中国十九冶集团有限公司 Building block wall

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CN2714677Y (en) 2004-06-16 2005-08-03 孙文报 Z-shape stone wall bricks
CN2765964Y (en) 2004-12-29 2006-03-22 申云翔 Multipurpose heat insultaion block of conjoined stagger
CN1702253A (en) 2005-06-12 2005-11-30 周荣标 Z-shaped small-sized cement concrete hollow filled non-clod bridge thermal insulation building block and its making method
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ES2452937T3 (en) 2014-04-03
AT509057B1 (en) 2011-06-15
PT2536892E (en) 2014-03-17
EP2536892B1 (en) 2013-12-25
AT12266U1 (en) 2012-02-15
AT509057A4 (en) 2011-06-15

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