EP0648902A1 - Constructional element and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a constructional element which is of variable design as far as its outer and/or inner dimensions are concerned and consists of a material comprising two or more components, in particular for building walls and floors, and a method for its manufacture. It is known to produce construction materials for as yet unwalls from wood concrete by casting and/or vibration. Dimensionally inaccurate, more or less deformed construction materials are produced, in particular, by shrinkage and deformation of the as yet unset filler. In accordance with the proposal of the invention, the disadvantages are eliminated in that the constructional element is made up of no-longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts as sub-units; the individual parts themselves are severed from a larger unit, e.g. a slab produced in one manufacturing process, and connected in a positively locking and/or frictionally locking manner to produce the finished constructional element. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a component from a starting mixture of 2 or more components and a method for its production, in particular in the field of building construction.

Building walls are usually made of brick or hollow blocks made of lightweight concrete or raised from in-situ concrete solidified between reusable formwork. Thermal and / or sound insulation must be carried out separately.

In DE-OS 41 23 762 a lost formwork made of excess material, such as plaster or waste paper, is proposed for concrete construction, the formwork becoming the surface of the component to be created. Compact composite materials are known for non-load-bearing parts, one component consisting of organic material, such as grass (DE-OS 39 21 337). In the single-layer lightweight insulation board according to DE-OS 41 14 755, particles made exclusively from shredded recycling material are used, water glass being used as the sole binder. Large-area components are known from DE-OS 24 26 593, the core of which, preferably made of reinforced concrete, is enclosed on its two narrow vertical surfaces and on its two large vertical surfaces by a jacket made of a resin-bonded material.

In the case of formwork blocks, in which the chamber-shaped cavity formed by these blocks is usually filled with concrete after dry bricking, there is also an increasing tendency to use starting material consisting of two components. In a wood-concrete formwork block, short wood shavings are mineralized with the help of cement, which improves the thermal insulation when using cheap wood waste products. Such stones or wall building materials are produced in a casting and / or vibrating process with floor pavers, carousel or similar machines and a sufficient number of high-quality molds. Their service life is relatively short because the original dimensions of the molds suffer from wear and tear when the filling material is compacted. The effort is particularly great if different stone types and stone shapes are to be provided, e.g. Bay stones.

A major disadvantage is that such stones or wall building materials do not have the desired dimensional accuracy for two reasons: by shrinking and deforming the not yet set filling compound and the short production cycle and by using expensive molds that wear out over time, inaccurate dimensions arise , more or less deformed building materials, which must be subjected to labor-intensive post-processing at the installation site at the latest if they are to be used in dry construction, ie without mortar. With a higher requirement profile, stones or wall materials can only be brought to the desired dimensional tolerances by milling or cutting the blanks up to 6 sides. In addition to a high reject rate, this also creates larger amounts of waste that must be disposed of. Another The disadvantage is that in the manufacture of the known stones in the mold, the smaller, mostly also heavier and firmer particles of the elastic, flowable starting material settle at the bottom of the mold, so that a density gradient occurs, also over the side surface, from bottom to top , which has an adverse effect not only on the strength properties; since each stone is inhomogeneous on its visible surface, such stones form an inhomogeneous outer surface in the composite, zones of greater density alternating with those of lower density; this is undesirable if, for example, a moisture barrier is only achieved with a greater density, which of course presupposes that the total area formed from the stones has the same properties overall. However, the definition of 3-dimensional, expensive filling forms also prevents wall building materials from being produced whose wall thickness is based exclusively on the static requirements. If, in addition, different strength zones arise in the bond, this can lead to fracture points in the weak zones of chamber-shaped stones, at which the in-situ concrete filled in the chamber can escape. Since wood-concrete formwork blocks made in molds are generally manufactured in the usual dimensions in accordance with the applicable standards, in many cases a complex preparation of the stones to the desired dimensions is required on site. Furthermore, due to the large transport volume of the wall building materials and the relatively small amount of raw materials used, the above-described processes prevent production at locations with low material and labor costs. Newer raw materials, such as super reed grass, are also heavy or not usable, if at all, only very crushed.

The present invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages described above, in particular to create a variably configurable component and to provide a technically simple and inexpensive method for its production, using a material whose one main component is from a further main component or further main components deviates in its chemical, physical and / or strength properties; insofar as one of the main components consists of biomass, a larger spectrum of organic material, also in larger dimensions, should be able to be used, while reducing the amount of rejects and waste. Nevertheless, the component should be extremely dimensionally stable in the finished state, in particular not shrink, so that no post-processing is required, be dimensionally stable and more homogeneous than previous components made of comparable materials. In addition, it should be possible to carry out the respective production stages for preliminary products at the most cost-effective locations.

According to the invention, the problems are solved by the measures proposed in the claims, which are also part of the description.

The component, for example chamber-shaped, for building walls and ceilings, which can be designed variably in terms of its external and / or internal dimensions, consists of joined, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable Individual parts as sub-units, which in turn originate from 1 larger unit, for example a plate, that creates a larger production process. Even if the starting material for panel production consists of 1 inorganic and 1 organic component, e.g. lightweight concrete and wood shavings, the individual parts with comparable properties lead to the desired finished component, whereby the advantageous properties that are used with panel production are listed in the individual parts the structured component of the desired size and dimensions are transferred.

Compared to the production in the casting mold, the following cumulative advantages result in particular: Different components of the starting material can be varied to a greater extent; For example, biomaterial with longer dimensions can be used. The plate production leads to more homogeneous preliminary products, which not least has an advantageous effect on the strength properties up to the finished product. Plate production can take place at the most cost-effective locations, as can further processing after a material-specific storage period for the raw plates. For mass production, part-specific recesses and shapes can already be taken into account in large-scale plate production. The prefabricated components can be designed more variably, not only in terms of dimensions, but also the subunits, which, depending on the static requirements, also come from different raw panels with different chemical / physical and / or strength properties, thickness dimensions or layers. In particular, the finished parts are extremely dimensionally stable, so that they are not labor-intensive Post-processing is required and thus no waste is generated, which in turn would have to be disposed of. Because no expensive molds are required, the manufacturing process can be carried out in stages and can be matched to the final dimensions of the finished component at any time, manufacturing is more cost-effective.

According to the invention, the most varied of requirements can surprisingly be met together. The individual parts are positively and / or non-positively brought into contact at their contact points and connected to each other, e.g. by gluing, through which also product-related dimensional tolerances can be compensated. Preferably, the upper, rougher and less dimensionally accurate side of the plate forms the inner surface and thus the contact point of the individual part on the finished component, while the smooth and dimensionally accurate side of the plate is the visible surface of the individual part and thus also in the finished component. In the simplest case, the adhesive connection for the conventional materials essentially consists of cement or resin or plastic. The finished component preferably has a tongue and groove, via which it comes into engagement with adjacent components.

Product-improving additives can already be incorporated into the starting material or can also be applied to the individual parts or to the finished components at a later point in time. For biomass, it is advisable to add flame-retardant, water-repellent and strength-enhancing agents as early as possible. In contrast, improved heat and / or sound insulation preferably achieved by a support or a slide-in made of appropriate common materials.

The plate production itself can be carried out using known devices. For this purpose, plastic or flowable starting material is placed in a mold or continuously in a mold on a plate line; the consolidation process takes place after compression by vibration / shaking and / or pressure by drying, drying and, if necessary, curing. The individual parts are then expediently separated from the plate in the desired dimensions after a material-specific storage time and then joined and connected to the finished component. The components according to the invention are superior to those made in the molds from comparable materials with regard to dimensional accuracy, stability, fracture resistance, resilience and variability, and from a cost perspective. The advantageous properties for components of any dimensions can be used without changing the manufacturing and processing method.

Fig. 1:

Herstellungsablauf zur Fertigung einer Rohplatte als Außen-/Innenplatte des erfindungsgemäßen Bauelements,

Fig. 2:

Herstellungsablauf zur Fertigung einer Rohplatte mit Aussparungen als Innenstege,

Fig. 3

Bauelement aus Außen-/Innenplatten nach Fig. 1 und Innenstegen nach Fig. 2 sowie mehrere Bauelemente als Wandbaustoff im Verbund,

Fig. 4

Details des Bauelements nach Fig. 3 in Seiten- und Draufsicht, mit integrierten Wärmeschutz

Fig. 5

Alternative für Endinnenstege i.V.m. Bauelement nach Fig. 3 und 4,

Fig. 6

Abwandlungen des rechteckförmigen Standardelements nach Fig. 3, wobei eine Außenplatte aus 2 Schichten aus je 2 verschiedenen Materialien als Hauptbestandteilen besteht, die in 1 kontinuierlichen Herstellungsprozeß zu 1 verstärkten Grundplatte verarbeitet sind,

Fig. 7

Standardbauelement ohne Kammern, 3-lagig, insbes. für nicht tragende Innenwände,

Fig. 8

typisierbare Bauelementvarianten,

Fig. 9

Deckensteinelement und damit gefertigte Decke.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings of exemplary embodiments. In a perspective view, they preferably show:

Fig. 1:

Manufacturing process for the production of a raw plate as an outer / inner plate of the component according to the invention,

Fig. 2:

Manufacturing process for the production of a raw plate with recesses as inner webs,

Fig. 3

Component made of outer / inner panels according to FIG. 1 and inner webs according to FIG. 2 as well as several components as a wall building material in the composite,

Fig. 4

3 in side and top view, with integrated heat protection

Fig. 5

Alternative for end inner webs in conjunction with the component according to FIGS. 3 and 4,

Fig. 6

3, wherein an outer plate consists of 2 layers of 2 different materials as main components, which are processed in 1 continuous manufacturing process to 1 reinforced base plate,

Fig. 7

Standard component without chambers, 3-ply, especially for non-load-bearing interior walls,

Fig. 8

typable component variants,

Fig. 9

Ceiling stone element and thus made ceiling.

The starting or casting material for the raw panels 2; 9 (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of 2 or more main components, which differ in their chemical and / or physical and / or strength properties. Two components are, for example, wood chips and lightweight concrete, as they are known from the wood-concrete formwork blocks. The one produced according to the invention in the example case from the 2 main components after compression and drying 1-layer raw panel 2; 9 is homogeneous and thus has the same properties. The individual parts 6 (FIG. 1), 6 '(FIG. 7), 11 (FIG. 2), 16 (FIG. 5), 19 (FIG. 6), 30-33 (FIG. 9) separated out, which then have the corresponding technical properties of the solidified raw sheet material. The desired material properties of the individual parts are usually set through the selection of the casting materials. Another possibility for influencing variations is also by controlling the production process itself, for example by casting the casting material as a function of time into the casting mold 1; 7 (Fig. 1 and 2) we are given that there is a kind of stratification. A deliberate and pronounced 2-layer raw plate (Fig. 6) is usually achieved, for example, in that a casting material 22 on a in the form 1; 7 (Fig. 1 and 2) solidifying casting material 21 is given, which generally has other properties, be it that the type, proportion or number of the main components are varied. In this way, a two-layer, homogeneous raw panel produced in one manufacturing process is produced, preferably for individual parts, which are intended for a reinforced outer panel on component 50-53 (FIG. 6), 56, 57, 59-61 (FIG. 8) . A multi-layer raw panel, such as sandwich panel, can also be produced accordingly.

For individual parts 6, 6 ';11;16;19; 30-33, which according to the invention from raw plates 2; 9 with defined properties and a certain thickness and separated to the finished component 12 (FIG. 3), 12 '(FIG. 7); 20 (Fig. 6); 50-53 (Fig. 6); 54-62 (Fig. 8); 63 (FIG. 9) are put together in the desired dimensions, should, as far as preferably chamber-shaped components 12; 20; 50-63 are discussed, a distinction is made between outer / inner plates 6, 6 'and webs 11 as superordinate terms. Each from the raw plate 2; 9 separated part has a smooth side 4 (Fig. 1), which is preferably the outside or visible surface, and a rougher inside 3, which is suitable as a connection point 14 (Fig. 4) for joining the individual parts. The outside is also the side of the component that faces, for example, the weather side of the building, while for the sake of simplicity inner panels 6 'refer to those panels on the component that are used in enclosed spaces, for example for interior walls. It is understood that the inner plates 6 'also have an inner and outer / visible side. A distinction should be made between those, usually shorter, individual parts and referred to as webs / inner webs 11 (FIGS. 2-4) / end inner webs 16 (FIG. 5) which are enclosed by the outer or inner plates 6 (FIG. 3) in the case of chamber-shaped components become. In the simplest case, in this designation, a rectangular component is formed from 2 identical outer / inner panels 6/6 'and 2 identical, shorter-dimensioned webs 11 without the distinction being made in the following for components which are intended for external walls, that the plate facing the outside of the outer wall should be the outer plate and the inside (room side) facing plate of the component inner plate if the two plates that surround the webs have the same thickness and the same material properties. Of course, the invention allows that all individual parts, whether as an outer plate, inner plate or inner web or end inner web, with regard to material properties and thickness, to be matched to the respective requirements. This is emphasized only in the event that one side is specially reinforced on the outside / weather side and consists of 2 or more layers 6 in conjunction with 21/22 (FIG. 6). For better distinction, typable components 50-63 are also described below with common short names.

Fig. 1 shows schematically the manufacturing process for the outer or inner plate 6 on the finished component 12 (Fig. 3). A mixture of more than 1 component for the building material is placed in a casting mold 1 (FIG. 1a), the 1 main component of the starting material mixture being different from a further main component or further main components in its chemical, physical and / or strength properties differs. Product-improving additives can also be incorporated. If 2 components are used, the 1 main component consists of biomass, for example, and the other main component consists of lightweight concrete. The mass in the mold 1 is then compressed and solidified by means of known devices for vibrating / shaking / drying (not shown) to form a raw plate 2 with the smooth bottom 4 and the somewhat rougher top 3 (FIG. 1b). At the marked separation points 5 (FIG. 1c), units 6 (FIG. 1d) are released, preferably after a material-specific storage time. As a rule, the form-smooth underside 4 of the raw panel 2 or of the individual part / the outer / inner panel 6 becomes a visible surface on the component 12 (FIG. 3).

FIG. 2 shows an analogous procedure for producing the individual part 11 (FIG. 2d), which inner webs are to form on the component 12 (FIG. 3). The special design, in the form of cutouts 10 in the example, can already be taken into account in the casting mold 7 by pimple-like elevations 8 (FIG. 2a), which leads to a raw plate 9 with corresponding cutouts 10 (FIG. 2b), the separating points 5 be chosen (Fig. 2c) so that individual parts 11 in the desired dimensions (Fig. 2d) can be removed, preferably also when the raw plate is dimensionally stable and no longer shrinks. If, on the other hand, the individual parts are to have elevations and / or certain shapes, this can be accomplished by means of manufacturing molds which have corresponding depressions or shapes. The material used for the individual parts 11, in the example for the inner webs 11, can differ from the material used for the outer or inner plates 6, in particular from a static point of view; the raw plate 9 can e.g. have a higher organic content than the raw plate 2 for the individual parts 6, or the raw plate 9 can have more main components in the starting material than the raw plate 2 and vice versa.

3a shows the component 12 (FIG. 3b) in an exploded view, the individual parts 6 and 11 being used, the production process of which was discussed in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. As a rule, it will be sufficient if the individual parts 6; 11 brought into contact at their connection points 14 and connected in a dimensionally stable manner, for example by gluing, essentially by means of cement or resin or Plastic. The components 12 in turn can be assembled so that they engage in the manner of tongue and groove. 3c shows a plurality of box-shaped components 12 in the form of a set-on wall 13.

FIG. 4 shows the component 12 (from FIG. 3) in a side view (FIGS. 4a and 4b) and a top view (FIG. 4c), with an additional material, for example insulation material 15. According to FIG. 5, alternative end inner webs 16 with spring 17 and Groove 18 is provided so that, if necessary, positive locking can be supplemented by positive locking, of course not only at the respective ends of the component. So it goes without saying that inner webs 11 can also have tongue and groove at their connection points, which is then also taken into account in the production process by means of appropriate casting molds.

FIG. 6 essentially shows modifications of the chamber-shaped, rectangular element of FIG. 3, 1 outer plate having a multilayer structure 21, 22. This is particularly recommended, for example, if one side of the plate is to be stressed differently than the other side of the same plate. If the component 50 between the inner webs 11 is to absorb an outer plate on the side facing the webs 11 and this layer 22 is made of wood and lightweight concrete, then a desired setting of the layer 21 to higher tensile forces can be brought about by the layer 21 contains longer / long wood chips and / or longer-fiber reeds or more of this biomass. Both layers are created in 1 continuous manufacturing process for manufacturing 1 raw board. If the component 50 in the sense of a wood-concrete shuttering block is used, the inner webs 11 are preferably bordered on both sides by reinforced, two-layer outer panels. Further differences consist in the fact that, in the case of a so-called opening edge element 51, in contrast to the standard element with a multilayer reinforced outer plate, the end inner web 19 is flush with the outer plates. The opening edge element 52 has an integrated belt roll winder box 20. This is also an example of the fact that one component can be integrated on another component. The wall element 53 only has spacer brackets 23, so that it is particularly suitable for the solid core spout.

Components 12 'are suitable for non-load-bearing inner walls, which do not have to have a chamber-like structure, in which, for example, 2 individual parts 6 of the same material enclose 1 unit 6' of a material of a different composition (FIG. 7), preferably in such a way that on a narrow and a groove on the long side and tongues are formed on the corresponding, opposite sides (FIGS. 7a-d).

8 shows further components which are suitable for typing; These include, for example, pillar elements, square 54, round 55, bay wall element with multilayer outer and edge plate 56, corner wall element with multilayer outer and edge plate 57, arched arch element 58, ceiling edge element with multilayer outer plate 59, lintel element with multilayer outer plate 60, roller shutter box element with multilayer outer plate 61, Roof truss element with additional insulation 62. According to the invention these components are assembled from assembled, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts as sub-units, which in turn come from a single or different raw panels with the same or different properties, the latter being created in 1 manufacturing process. Depending on the desired properties of the component, the material for the production of the raw plate, the number of materials, the composition and the amount can be varied, and the production process can be controlled so that a layer formation occurs (see, for example, components 50-53 in Fig. 6).

FIG. 9 shows a ceiling stone element 63b in a perspective view from below and in an exploded view (FIG. 63a). The upper pressure plate 30 and a lower tension plate 33 enclose the outer bearing webs 31 and the central web 32. The support webs 31 can be obtained by diagonal cutting from 1 raw plate.

In connection with lattice girders 40, a ceiling 64 can be prepared with the ceiling stone elements 63 (FIG. 9).

Since both the shape, size, wall thickness, etc. as well as the material properties of the proposed component vary almost arbitrarily and can be adjusted to the desired physical, chemical and strength properties, the subject of the invention can be used in the entire construction sector, including civil engineering . The proposed solution is also suitable for interior construction, as far as the thickness of the Raw panels are set so that the dimensions provided for built-in closets and the like are observed.

Depending on the application profile, the individual parts come from the same or different, u. U. multilayer raw panels, possibly with different layer thicknesses; the layers can be adjusted so that they are either more compressive or tensile. This in turn can be supported by intermediate layers made of plastic, metal or textile nets, the mixing behavior of the flowable layer being simultaneously reduced by the intermediate layers in the manufacturing process.

parts list

1

Mold

2nd

Raw plate

3rd

top side - inside

4th

lower side - visible side of the finished component

5

Separation points

6

Outer / inner plate

6 '

Inner plate

7

Mold for inner webs

8th

Recess molding (e)

9

Raw panel for inner webs

10th

Recess (s)

11

Inner bridge (s)

12th

Connected wall building material as a standard element

12 '

Perspective view of a finished, multilayer wall element for e.g. non-load-bearing interior walls.

13

Patch wall

14

Joints

15

Product-improving additive as insert or support (additional material)

16

End inner web with tongue and groove (alternative)

17th

feather

18th

Groove

19th

End inner web without recess (alternative)

20th

Inner end web with integrated roller shutter winder case (alternative)

21

Cast material "A" of a multilayer outer / inner plate

22

Cast material "B" of a multilayer outer / inner plate

23

Spacer bracket with solid core element

30th

Upper pressure plate

31

Support outer web

32

Mittelsteg

33

Lower tension plate

40

Lattice girder

50

Standard element with a multi-layer reinforced outer panel

51

Opening edge element

52

Opening edge element with integrated belt roller shutter winder box

53

Wall element for full core pouring

54

Pillar element (square)

55

Pillar element (round)

56

Bay wall element with multilayer outer and edge panels

57

Corner wall element with multilayer outer and edge panels

58

Arched lintel element

59

Ceiling edge element with multi-layer outer panel

60

Lintel element with multilayer outer panel

61

Roller shutter box element with multilayer outer panel

62

Roof truss element with additional insulation

63 a

Individual representation of a ceiling stone element (perspective view - from below)

63 b

Ceiling stone element (perspective view - from below)

64

Perspective ceiling view from above of ceiling made of lattice girders and ceiling stone elements

Claims (25)

The exterior and / or interior dimensions of the component (12, 12 '; 20; 50-63) can be designed variably, especially for building walls and ceilings, from assembled, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts (6, 6'; 11; 16; 19 ; 30-33) as subunits based on more than 1 component for the building material, wherein 1 main component of the starting material of the building material differs from a further main component or further main components in its chemical, physical and / or strength properties. Component according to Claim 1, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19) consist of a larger unit, e.g. Raw plate (2; 9). Component according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19; 30-33) depending on their intended use on the finished component (12, 12'; 20; 50-63) in differentiate their physical and / or chemical and / or other technical properties and / or thickness dimensions, including reinforcing layers (21/22 in conjunction with 50-53, 56, 57, 59-61). Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-3, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 ';11;16;19; 30-33) consist essentially of lightweight concrete or cement with pumice and biomass. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-4, characterized in that the biomass predominantly from wood chips / waste from wood processing and / or other renewable material, such as e.g. Reed grass. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-5, characterized in that the starting material for the individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19; 30-33) contains product-improving additives. Component according to claim 6, characterized in that the product-improving additives for the biomass are flame-retardant and / or strength-improving and / or water-repellent agents. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-7, characterized in that individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19; 30-33) originate from the same or different multilayer raw panels, possibly with different layer thicknesses, the layers of which each depending on the application, either more under pressure and / or more under tension. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-8, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 ';11;16;19; 30-33) are separated from raw plates (2; 9), which are for example in shapes and / or are continuously produced on plate lines by means of vibration and / or pressure. Component according to Claim 9, characterized in that the individual parts (6; 11; 16) have part-specific recesses (10; 18) and / or shapes, such as elevations (17), and / or are equipped with product-improving additives as supports (15) . Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-10, characterized in that preferably the lower, form-smooth and dimensionally accurate side (4) of the plate (2; 9) visible surface of the individual part (6, 6 ') or of the finished component ( 12, 12 '; 20; 50-63), the upper, rougher and less dimensionally accurate side (3) is the inner surface of the individual part (6, 6') or of the component (12, 12 '; 20; 50-63 ). Component according to Claim 11, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19; 30-33) are brought into contact with their connection points (14) in a positive and / or non-positive manner. Component according to Claim 12, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19; 30-33) are glued to the connection points (14) and / or are connected in another way in a dimensionally stable manner (17; 18), wherein production-related dimensional tolerances are equalized by gluing. Component according to claim 13, characterized in that the adhesive connection consists essentially of cement and / or resins and / or plastics. Component according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-14, characterized in that the individual parts (6, 6 '; 11; 16; 19; 30-33) to the finished component (12, 12'; 20; 50-63) so are added that the component has tongue (17) and groove (18), via which it comes into engagement with adjacent components (13). Process for the production of components according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-15, characterized in that the starting material of more than 1 component for the building material is placed in a mold or is continuously placed in a mold on a plate line, the material by means of vibration / Shaking and / or pressure solidified to a plate, dried, dried and possibly hardened, individual parts are separated from the plate in the desired dimensions and then joined and connected to the finished component. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the number, type and / or proportion of the starting materials for the raw plates are varied. A method according to claim 15 and / or 16, characterized in that the manufacturing process is set so that a stratification results. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims 16-18, characterized in that 2 or more cast materials with defined Properties, be it that the type, number or proportion of the main constituents for the respective components are varied, are added to the casting mold in such a way that 1 raw plate with 2 or more layers is produced. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the layer thickness / layer thicknesses are set according to the application profile, intermediate layers of plastic, metal or textile nets being provided, if necessary, in order to increase the tensile force behavior, with the intermediate layers simultaneously mixing the behavior of the flowable (er ) layer is reduced. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims 16-20, characterized in that the further processing, in particular the separation of the plate to the exact dimensions of the individual parts, takes place after a material-specific storage time. Method according to claims 16-21, characterized in that product-improving additives are incorporated during plate production and / or at a later point in time or are attached to the individual parts or finished components. Process according to Claim 22, characterized in that the finished individual parts and / or the finished components are subjected to a surface treatment with additives which improve the product in the course of a run. Typable components (12, 12 '; 20; 50-63) manufactured according to one or more of the preceding claims 16-23. Use of the plates, individual parts and / or components according to one or more of the preceding claims 1-24 in building, civil and interior construction.

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