EP2529209A1 - Dispositif de detection d'eau autonome comprenant une source d'hydrogene - Google Patents
Dispositif de detection d'eau autonome comprenant une source d'hydrogeneInfo
- Publication number
- EP2529209A1 EP2529209A1 EP11701078A EP11701078A EP2529209A1 EP 2529209 A1 EP2529209 A1 EP 2529209A1 EP 11701078 A EP11701078 A EP 11701078A EP 11701078 A EP11701078 A EP 11701078A EP 2529209 A1 EP2529209 A1 EP 2529209A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- detection device
- water detection
- electrode
- porous silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4162—Systems investigating the composition of gases, by the influence exerted on ionic conductivity in a liquid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Autonomous water detection device comprising a source of hydrogen
- the field of the invention is that of energy-autonomous water-detection devices and more specifically relates to water detection devices capable of evaluating a quantity of water and not only operating in the binary mode: presence of water water or not as proposed in known water detectors.
- the majority of water detection devices are not energy independent.
- the energy supply is via a source internal to the device (batteries) or by the electrical network.
- the existing devices are not miniaturizable and require connection means that are not compatible with places that are cramped or difficult to access.
- the electrolyte is made of a porous material.
- the porous layer is provided with a coating releasing ionic species.
- This type of detector does not make it possible to evaluate the importance of the leak. There is no gradation of the signal: in the presence of water, there is a signal, while without water, there is no signal. The information is binary. In addition, once the zinc electrode consumed, the system no longer works.
- the present invention relates to a solution consisting in using the presence of water to trigger a reaction which releases hydrogen which will itself feed a fuel cell which acts as a supplier of the electrical signal.
- the advantage of such a device lies in providing a signal proportional to a quantity of water.
- the subject of the present invention is a water detection device comprising at least one fuel cell comprising a first electrode, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode and an electrical measurement device, characterized in that the first electrode of the cell is in contact with a first face of a silicon substrate porous comprising Si-H bonds, so as to release a flow of hydrogen in the presence of water.
- the device further comprises a catalyst inside the pores of the silicon substrate to promote the release of the hydrogen stream.
- the catalyst comprises a material that can release hydroyxide ions, this material can be of the KOH type.
- the water detection device comprises a first water-permeable housing comprising the porous silicon substrate.
- the water detection device comprises a second housing comprising the fuel cell, said second housing being impermeable to water and permeable to oxygen.
- the water detection device comprises a set of elementary cells, each elementary cell comprising at least one elementary fuel cell and a porous elemental silicon substrate.
- the water detection device comprises a set of elementary cells comprising porous silicon substrates whose dimensions perpendicular to the plane of the electrodes are distributed in a gradient so as to be able to detect different elementary levels of silicon. water.
- the water device comprises a common electrolyte layer, first electrodes and discontinuous second electrodes on either side of the electrolyte material layer and a common porous silicon substrate.
- the common electrolyte layer comprises proton-impermeable insulating transverse zones so as to partition the latter inside the elementary cells.
- the water detection device comprises a matrix arrangement of elementary cells for detecting water.
- the invention also relates to a device for mapping aqueous zones comprising a water detection device according to the invention equipped with a device for electrical matrix measurements.
- the invention further relates to a fingerprint recognition device characterized in that it comprises a device for mapping aqueous areas according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the fuel cell principle used in the present invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a first variant of a water detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a second variant of a water detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates a third variant of a water detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a mode of improvement of the variant illustrated in FIG. 4
- FIG. 6 illustrates a water detection device according to the invention comprising elementary detection cells
- FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate a device for mapping aqueous zones according to the invention that can advantageously be used in a fingerprint identification device.
- FIG. 1 An anode electrode, permeable to hydrogen is the seat of the following reaction:
- An electrolytic material ensures the transport of protons to a cathode seat of the following reaction by supply of oxygen present in the air and supply of electrons:
- the detector In the presence of a given volume of water, the detector generates a volume of hydrogen proportional to the volume of water. The detector simultaneously generates a signal of intensity proportional to the volume of hydrogen.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a first variant of a water detector according to the invention.
- the detector comprises a substrate 1 made of porous silicon.
- This porous silicon comprises Si-H type bonds.
- the pores of the porous silicon are through.
- the pores of the silicon may comprise a catalyst that is not represented and may consist of a coating that releases hydroxide ions in the presence of water, typically it may be potassium hydroxide.
- the catalyst may also be contained in the aqueous solution to be detected.
- the hydrogen migrates through the pores of the porous silicon to arrive at the electrode 2.
- the electrode 2 corresponds to an active electrode, electronically conductive and active with respect to the reaction:
- Layer 3 is a layer providing an electrolyte function, it is advantageously a proton-conducting membrane.
- the electrode 4 is an electron conductive electrode and which catalyzes the reaction: l / 20 2 + 2e ⁇ + 2H + ⁇ H 2 0
- the battery can then supply an electrical measurement device 5 that can advantageously integrate an alarm or action device.
- the device 5 may comprise a controller, which makes it possible to set the operating voltage and an alarm (audible or visual) and / or an actuator.
- a capacitive system or batteries so as to store the energy supplied by the battery, in order to supply the alarm or the actuator.
- the controller can first charge the battery, or the capacity, and then analyze the variation of the intensity produced by the battery as a function of time. The intensity being correlated to the flow of hydrogen, it allows to go back to the flow of water.
- FIG 3 illustrates a second variant of the invention in which the detector is integrated in a first housing 6 permeable to water.
- the hydrogen is naturally directed towards the electrode 2 in the presence of water.
- the hydrogen formed is discharged via the sealed housing.
- the housing 8 may also be a porous hydrophobic coating.
- the housing 6 and the porous silicon are integral. Once the porous silicon has been consumed, the system can be recharged by disconnecting the assembly 1 + 6 at the fasteners 14 provided for this purpose and by connecting a new assembly 1 + 6.
- the housing 6 can also be a sealed housing provided with a check valve.
- watertight return 7 as illustrated in a third variant shown in Figure 4, which allows the liquid water to pass, but does not let hydrogen out.
- the non-return valve 7 can also be controlled by the actuator 5 in advance, via a connection 15.
- the detection device comprises a plurality of elementary cells.
- FIG. 6 is thus represented by way of example a set of three cells Ci, C 2 , C 3 comprising fuel cells produced via a common electrolyte layer. Discontinuous electrodes 2 ; 2 2 , 2 3 are provided for this purpose as well as discontinuous electrodes 4-i, 4 2 , 4 3 .
- the detector can be used to evaluate, for example, a water level as shown in FIG. 6. If the water level is between a level a and a level b, there is the appearance of a difference of U potential across the terminals of the cell 1 and current generation I which generates an action 1 (or a signal 1).
- the cell C 2 is activated and generates the signal 2 / action 2 in parallel with the cell Ci also activated.
- the cell C 3 is activated and generates the signal 3 / action 3, in parallel of the cells Ci and C 2 also activated, ... etc .... up to n cells (no shown).
- the system 10 thus makes it possible to follow the dynamics of evolution of the water level.
- the detection system comprises a plurality of elementary cells including matrix-organized fuel cells. This system allows the detection of a "picture" of water: it can be used for example in the context of fingerprint detection.
- FIG. 7a shows a top view of the device
- Figure 7b showing a schematic view highlighting the matrix arrangement and the processing circuits.
- FIG. 7a shows, at a line of the matrix arrangement, the common electrolyte layer 3 comprising ionic non-conductive zones 9 enabling the elementary cells to be sealed from one another.
- a set of electrodes 2-n, .., 2 N and electrodes 4 ; ..., 4 ⁇ make it possible to make the fuel cells of the first line of elementary cells Cn, ..., Ci N of the detector.
- the membrane may be discontinuous, or made non-ionic conductive at the zones 9.
- the lateral dimension of a stack is between 10 nm and 10 cm.
- the size of a stack is between 0.1 ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ .
- the space between the cells is preferably between 0.1 and 50 ⁇ m.
- the cells in contact with the (or aqueous) water zones are activated.
- activated is meant that there is a potential difference U between 0 and 1 .1 V at the terminals of the cell, preferably between 0.5 and 1 .1 V, and generation of a current I.
- the reading of the activated cells is done via a matrix addressing.
- the circuit 1 2 allows the selection of the column electrode, the circuit 1 3 allows the selection of the line electrode.
- the information U makes it possible to know if the cell is in contact with water and therefore to define the water mapping of the object in contact with the detector.
- the information I makes it possible to go back to the quantity of water.
- the electrodes consist of an electronically conductive and catalytic material. They consist of platinum Pt, or a platinum-based alloy, for example platinum / ruthenium, palladium or gold, carbon or an assembly of the aforementioned elements.
- the components of the electrodes 2 may be different or identical to the components of the electrodes 4.
- Electrolyte 3 is a proton conductive compound. This compound may be a fluorocarbon polymer functionalized with acid groups of -COOH, -SO 3 H or -PO (OH) 2 type . The compound may also be a carbon polymer functionalized with the aforementioned acid groups.
- the electrolyte 3 is preferably Nafion® or another polymer derived from Nafion®. The most currently used material for the ion exchange membrane is indeed the Nafion manufactured by the company Dupont de Nemours.
- the thickness of electrolyte separating the first and second electrodes is between 0.1 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ and more particularly between 1 nm to 1000 nm.
- a hydrogenation can be advantageously carried out by electrochemical treatment with an acid of a doped silicon substrate.
- the pore size is preferably between 1 nm and 100 nm.
- the material releasing hydroxide ions in contact with water is integrated in the porous silicon 1. It can also be a coating releasing hydroxide ions, located in the housing 6.
- the battery or fuel cells in the presence of water, is or are active (s): the voltage of the battery or batteries is between 0 and 1 .1 V.
- the voltage is between 1 .1 and 0.4V.
- a voltage of between 0 and 1 V is applied and preferably at a voltage of between 0 and 0.5 V.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1000284A FR2955665B1 (fr) | 2010-01-26 | 2010-01-26 | Dispositif de detection d'eau autonome comprenant une source d'hydrogene |
PCT/EP2011/050752 WO2011092105A1 (fr) | 2010-01-26 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositif de detection d'eau autonome comprenant une source d'hydrogene |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2529209A1 true EP2529209A1 (fr) | 2012-12-05 |
Family
ID=42634857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11701078A Withdrawn EP2529209A1 (fr) | 2010-01-26 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositif de detection d'eau autonome comprenant une source d'hydrogene |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120292183A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2529209A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2013519072A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20120114323A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102812352A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012018550A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2955665B1 (fr) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN06599A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2012136438A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011092105A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6740580B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-21 | 2020-08-19 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | ステアリング装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4470271B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2010-06-02 | 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ | 燃料電池および燃料電池装置 |
FR2840109B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-27 | 2004-07-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Cellule elementaire pour pile a combustible a structure helicoidale, procede de fabrication et pile a combustible comprenant une plurialite de cellules elementaires |
JP4762569B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-18 | 2011-08-31 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
DE102006043824A1 (de) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor zur Erfassung von Wasser |
CA2624336C (fr) * | 2007-03-09 | 2014-06-17 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Jeu d'electrodes a membrane, constitution, et pile a combustible ainsi constituee |
FR2915742B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-04 | 2014-02-07 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede pour la fourniture du dihydrogene a partir de silicium hydrogene |
-
2010
- 2010-01-26 FR FR1000284A patent/FR2955665B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-01-20 US US13/575,282 patent/US20120292183A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-20 RU RU2012136438/28A patent/RU2012136438A/ru unknown
- 2011-01-20 IN IN6599DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN06599A/en unknown
- 2011-01-20 EP EP11701078A patent/EP2529209A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-01-20 WO PCT/EP2011/050752 patent/WO2011092105A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-01-20 BR BR112012018550A patent/BR112012018550A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-01-20 JP JP2012550396A patent/JP2013519072A/ja active Pending
- 2011-01-20 KR KR1020127019828A patent/KR20120114323A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-01-20 CN CN2011800149580A patent/CN102812352A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2011092105A1 (fr) | 2011-08-04 |
RU2012136438A (ru) | 2014-03-10 |
FR2955665B1 (fr) | 2012-02-24 |
FR2955665A1 (fr) | 2011-07-29 |
IN2012DN06599A (fr) | 2015-10-23 |
US20120292183A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
BR112012018550A2 (pt) | 2016-05-03 |
JP2013519072A (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
KR20120114323A (ko) | 2012-10-16 |
CN102812352A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
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