EP2527590B1 - Etendeur à ailettes - Google Patents

Etendeur à ailettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2527590B1
EP2527590B1 EP20120001770 EP12001770A EP2527590B1 EP 2527590 B1 EP2527590 B1 EP 2527590B1 EP 20120001770 EP20120001770 EP 20120001770 EP 12001770 A EP12001770 A EP 12001770A EP 2527590 B1 EP2527590 B1 EP 2527590B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
housing
accordance
rotary vane
sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20120001770
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2527590A2 (fr
EP2527590A3 (fr
Inventor
Bouzid Dr. Seba
Gerd Dr. Schlager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Machines Bulle SA
Original Assignee
Liebherr Machines Bulle SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2527590A2 publication Critical patent/EP2527590A2/fr
Publication of EP2527590A3 publication Critical patent/EP2527590A3/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C19/00Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C19/08Axially-movable sealings for working fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F01C1/3446Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along more than one line or surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F01C21/0818Vane tracking; control therefor
    • F01C21/0827Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means
    • F01C21/0836Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means comprising guiding means, e.g. cams, rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2250/00Geometry
    • F04C2250/30Geometry of the stator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium, comprising a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium and a rotor arranged in the housing.
  • Such vane expanders may be used, for example, in energy recovery systems to generate mechanical energy from the waste heat of a plant by driving the vane cell expander. This can then be used, for example, to generate electricity.
  • the present invention comprises a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium, comprising a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium and a rotor arranged in the housing.
  • the inner contour of the housing has two or more stroke areas which are in communication with the inlet for the gaseous medium such that during operation of the energy recovery system, the gaseous medium simultaneously expands in the two or more stroke areas.
  • the inner contour has exactly two stroke ranges.
  • the two or more stroke vane cell expander according to the invention has the advantage that the thermal and mechanical loads acting on the rotor during operation no longer act on one side only on one side of the rotor. As a result, the life and smoothness of the rotor is significantly improved.
  • control slots of the housing can be made identical for all stroke ranges. This ensures that all stroke ranges of the vane cell expander are controlled synchronously.
  • the inner contour of the housing is made asymmetrical with respect to the rotational range assigned to each stroke.
  • the individual stroke ranges are thus in each case not circular arc-shaped.
  • this has the advantage that the expansion phase of the vane cell expander can be increased.
  • the range of rotation associated with the expansion phase makes up more than 50% of the total rotational range of the rotor associated with the respective stroke.
  • the range of rotation associated with the expansion phase makes up more than 60%, moreover advantageously more than 75% of the respective associated total rotational range of the rotor.
  • the present invention includes a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium having a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium, and a rotor disposed in the housing.
  • the wings are guided on their side facing away from the housing by a positive guide ring.
  • the positive guide ring ensures in particular that the wings are always in contact with the inner contour of the housing.
  • the positive guide ring for this purpose is firmly connected to the housing, and forces the rotor with the rotating blade of the rotor so in a position in which they are in contact with their outer edges with the inner contour of the housing. In particular, it is possible to dispense with a sprung mounting of the wings.
  • the contact areas of the wings with the inner contour of the housing have a radius of curvature greater than zero, so that the contact line of the wings with the inner contour during the rotational movement of the rotor shifts to the radius of curvature of the contact areas.
  • the positive guide ring has a contour which takes into account this shift.
  • the radial distance between the outer contour of the positive guide ring and the inner contour of the housing is thus different than in the prior art not for everyone Radii identical, since in this case the shifting contact line of the contact areas of the wings would lead to the inner contour of the housing for different gap widths depending on the position of the rotor. Rather, the positive guide ring is advantageously shaped so that the radial distance between the inner contour of the housing and forced guide ring changes with the angle of rotation so that in each rotational position an optimal contact the contact area of the wing and the inner contour of the housing.
  • the present invention includes a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium having a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium and a rotor disposed in the housing.
  • a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium having a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium and a rotor disposed in the housing.
  • the invention it is provided that are arranged at end faces of the rotor between the wings sealing segments of a sealing ring for lateral sealing with the housing.
  • the sealing segments allow a particularly good sealing of the end faces of the rotor with the end faces of the housing.
  • the individual wings extend from one end face of the housing to the opposite end face and thus separate the individual segments from one another.
  • pressure means are provided which press the sealing segments against the housing. This allows a further improved sealing. Furthermore, this allows different size expansion coefficients of the housing and rotor are taken into account.
  • the pressure means comprise a spring which presses the sealing segments against the housing.
  • the pressure means may comprise a pressure channel which acts on the back of the segments with pressure from the pressure chamber associated with the segment and thereby presses against the housing.
  • the present invention comprises a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium, comprising a housing, an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium and a rotor arranged in the housing.
  • the rotor consists of two or more rotor sections, which sit side by side on a common axis and are separated from each other by a pressure plate.
  • the housing consists of two or more housing sections, which are arranged side by side in the axial direction of the rotor and surround the rotor.
  • the rotor sections and / or housing sections are identical. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that each housing section has the same inner contour.
  • the use of a plurality of similar rotor sections or housing sections thus allows a particularly cost-saving construction of the vane cell expander.
  • the axis of the rotor is mounted both on the outer end faces of the housing, as well as on the pressure plates. Furthermore, it can be provided be that the individual housing sections are in communication with the intermediate plates.
  • the present invention in particular comprises a vane cell expander, in which at least three rotor sections are provided, wherein the housing for controlling at least one of the inner rotor sections control slots in the peripheral region.
  • the outer rotor sections can also be controlled via control slots in the region of the end faces of the housing. Alternatively, however, these rotor sections can be controlled via control slots in the peripheral region in order to minimize the production costs for different housings.
  • housings are constructed in such a way that the individual rotor sections and vane cell expander sections formed thereby are driven identically.
  • the better radial seal according to the second aspect may be combined with the better lateral seal according to the third aspect so as to achieve the tightness required for use with a gaseous medium.
  • the shape of the housing according to the first aspect can be combined with the better sealing possibilities according to the second and / or third aspect of the present invention.
  • the shape of the invention possibly conditional unfavorable pressure swing conditions can be compensated.
  • modular structure according to the fourth aspect can be combined with the inventive shape of the housing according to the first aspect and / or the improved tightness according to the second and / or third aspect so as to realize different stroke volumes at a reasonable cost.
  • the vane cell expander according to the present invention advantageously has more than four, furthermore advantageously six or more vanes.
  • the number of wings can be less than 20, more advantageously less than 15 wings.
  • the wings are arranged in each case with identical rotational angular distances around the rotor.
  • the housing can be constructed of frontal cover sections and a jacket area arranged between them.
  • the control slots are arranged for connection to the inlet in the jacket area, the control slots for connection to the outlet in one or both lid sections.
  • this further includes an energy recovery system including such a vane cell expander.
  • the energy recovery system may include a pump, a heat exchanger, the vane cell expander and a capacitor.
  • the pump is used to increase the pressure of the medium in the circuit.
  • the heat exchanger the medium is then heated, evaporated and superheated.
  • the expansion phase of the now gaseous medium takes place in the vane cell expander.
  • mechanical power is delivered to an output shaft of the expander. Thereafter, the fluid in the condenser is cooled and liquefied.
  • a liquid having a boiling point between 50 ° C and 120 ° C can be used, for example water, an alcohol such as, for example, ethanol and / or R245.
  • the present invention further includes a method of operating an energy recovery system according to the invention as described above.
  • a gaseous medium flows into the vane cell expander and expands there, releasing mechanical energy.
  • the energy recovery system according to the invention operates according to the Clausius-Rankine principle.
  • the present invention further includes a method of manufacturing an energy recovery system according to the second aspect of the present invention.
  • the outer contour of the positive guide ring determined taking into account the displacement of the contact line becomes.
  • the contact areas of the wings with the inner contour of the housing usually have a radius of curvature greater than zero, so that shifts the line of contact of the wing with the inner contour of the housing during the rotational movement of the rotor and thereby the radial distance between the inner contour of the Housing and the outer contour of the positive guide ring does not match the actual distance between the two contact lines of the wing with the inner contour of the housing and the outer contour of the positive guide ring.
  • the present invention further includes a method of making an energy recovery system with a vane cell expander for generating mechanical energy from the expansion of a gaseous medium, the vane cell expander having an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous medium, a housing, and a rotor disposed in the housing.
  • the rotor is constructed from one, two or more rotor sections which, when two or more rotor sections are used, are placed side by side on a common axis and separated from each other by a pressure plate.
  • FIG. 1 an energy recovery system is shown in which a vane cell expander according to the invention can be used.
  • the energy recovery system in this case has a fluid circuit 1 in which a medium circulates.
  • the energy recovery system can be used to convert thermal energy via the expander 4 into mechanical wave power.
  • the energy recovery system may further comprise a tank and optionally a filter, which in FIG. 1 but not shown for clarity.
  • the operation of the energy recovery system takes place according to the Clausius Rankine principle, whose pV diagram in FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the line 6 corresponds to the pressurization of the medium in the pump 2, the line 7 of heating, evaporation and overheating of the medium in the heat exchanger 3, the line 8 of the expansion in the expander 4 and the line 9 of the condensation in the condenser. 5
  • the medium used in the circulation advantageously a liquid having a boiling point between 50 ° C and 120 ° C, for example water, ethanol or R245.
  • a vane cell expander As an expander in such an energy recovery system, a vane cell expander is now used according to the invention.
  • the efficiency of such a vane cell expander is dependent on the geometric and mechanical properties of the expander.
  • the expansion ratio and the curve of the isentropic expansion are the most important geometric parameters of the vane cell expander.
  • the wings of the vane cell expander are advantageously mounted in slots of the rotor and extend in the radial direction away from the axis of rotation of the rotor. For example, between 6 and 14 wings can be used for the vane cell expander.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the rotor 11, whose outer contour is circular.
  • the rotor slots 13 are provided, in which wings 12 are mounted displaceably in the radial direction. The wings 12 contact with their outer edges, the inner contour 10 of the housing.
  • the vane cell expander according to the invention is designed in two-stroke, that is every single wing is completely pressed by a rotation of the rotor by 360 ° twice in the rotor and completely pushed out of this.
  • each vane cell of the vane cell expander twice passes through its maximum volume and twice its minimum volume.
  • the schwauerr 10 of the housing is carried out asymmetrically over the stroke range.
  • the range of rotation corresponding to the expansion phase is significantly greater than the range of rotation in which the volume of the vane cells decreases again in order to assume a minimum volume again at the beginning of the next stroke range.
  • the expansion region 14, that is to say the region in which the distance of the inner contour 10 from the axis of rotation of the rotor 11 increases, amounts in the exemplary embodiment to 75% of the total rotational range assigned to this stroke, while the region 15 set to reduce the cell volume only amounts to 25%. is.
  • an improved efficiency of the vane cell expander can be achieved since a correspondingly extended expansion phase results.
  • the leaktightness of the vane cell expander can now be further improved. This can result in leakage losses, which may be due to the unfavorable gas exchange conditions in the outlet region during the extension of the isentropic Expansion can be reduced according to the first aspect of the present invention caused.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 is now an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention dargterrorism.
  • a positive guide ring 17 is used, which forces the wings 12 of the vane cell expander in contact with the inner contour 10 of the housing 16.
  • the positive guide ring 17 is rigidly connected to the housing 16.
  • the positive guide rings 17 can be arranged on both end faces of the rotor so that the inner edges of the wings 12 are supported on the outer contour 18 of the positive guide ring.
  • FIG. 5 is shown in a detailed view of the contact region 19 of a wing 12 with the inner contour 10 of the housing. Since the contact region 19 has a radius of curvature r> 0, the contact line 20 is in all the angular positions of the rotor, in which the inner contour 10 is not tangent to the axis of rotation of the rotor, displaced by a certain distance from the radial direction or one in the radial direction This displacement of the contact line 20 also leads in the radial direction to a certain height offset h between the section line 21 between the radially extending center line of the wing and the inner contour 10 and the shifted contact line 20th
  • this displacement of the contact line 20 and the resulting height offset h in the design of the outer contour of the positive guide ring is taken into account, as well as a corresponding offset of a contact line of the wing on this outer contour. This can ensure that despite the displaced contact lines the wings always rest gap-free on the outer contour 10 of the housing.
  • gap widths of less than 10 ⁇ m can be realized over the entire rotation angle range.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 only two embodiments of a third aspect of the present invention are shown by which a better sealing of the axial gap between the rotor 11 and the covers 24 of the housing is made possible.
  • sealing washers 23 are used, which are arranged between the rotor 12 and the covers 24.
  • the sealing discs are divided into segments 23, which are each arranged between the wings 12 of the vane cell expander and together form a sealing ring.
  • the end faces 22 of the rotor each have annular grooves 28 into which the sealing segments 23 are inserted.
  • FIG. 7 are also the radially extending column 13 in the rotor 12 to see in which the wings are mounted.
  • the wings in this case have the same width as the rotor and thus abut with their end edges in each case against the inner sides of the cover 24. The further sealing of the individual vane cells in the axial direction is now made possible by the segments of the sealing discs.
  • the segments are pressed against the inner surfaces of the lid 24 in a particularly preferred embodiment of the third aspect. At the in FIG. 6 shown embodiment, this is pressurized. For this purpose, a pressure channel 25 is pulled from the wing cell 26 to the back of the segment 23. Through this, the segment is pressed against the lid 24 with the pressure from the vane cell. Corresponding pressure channels are provided for all segments on both sides of the rotor.
  • the sealing disk or the segments can be made of a PTFE or ceramic material.
  • the segments of the write are precisely made to take into account the expansion of the material at higher temperatures.
  • FIG. 8 A fourth aspect of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 8 explained.
  • an embodiment of a modular structure of the vane cell expander is shown, which realizes a variability of the stroke volume.
  • the shaft power can be adjusted by adjusting the expander size.
  • the pressure plates 29 are advantageously also made of ceramic materials or PTFE coated materials. As a result, friction losses between the pressure plates and the rotors can be minimized.
  • the bearing of the rotor shaft is effected by the use of spherical ceramic bearings.
  • the balls of the ball bearing are made of ceramic, while the guide rings of the bearing are made of steel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Étendeur à ailettes (4) destiné à la production d'énergie mécanique à partir de l'expansion d'un milieu gazeux, comprenant un carter (16), une entrée et une sortie pour le milieu gazeux et un rotor (11) disposé dans le carter, le contour intérieur (10) du carter comportant deux zones de course ou plus, qui sont en liaison avec l'entrée pour le milieu gazeux de telle manière que, pendant le fonctionnement du système de récupération d'énergie, le milieu gazeux se détend simultanément dans les deux zones de course ou plus,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le contour intérieur (10) du carter est réalisé asymétrique en ce qui concerne la zone de rotation associée à chaque course, ce par quoi la zone de rotation (14) associée à la phase d'expansion couvre plus de 50 % de la zone de rotation totale du rotor associée à chaque course.
  2. Étendeur à ailettes selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le contour intérieur (10) et/ou les lumières de commande du carter (16) sont réalisés identiques pour toutes les zones de course.
  3. Étendeur à ailettes (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les ailettes (12) sont guidées sur leur côté opposé au carter (16) par un anneau de guidage forcé (17).
  4. Étendeur à ailettes selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les zones de contact des ailettes (12) avec le contour intérieur (10) du carter présentent un rayon de courbure supérieur à zéro, de sorte que la ligne de contact (20) des ailettes avec le contact intérieur (10) se déplace lors du mouvement de rotation du rotor sur le rayon de courbure des zones de contact, l'anneau de guidage forcé (17) comportant un contour qui prend en compte ce déplacement.
  5. Étendeur à ailettes (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des segments d'étanchéité (23) d'une bague d'étanchéité sont disposés sur des surfaces frontales (22) du rotor (11) entre les ailettes (12) pour l'étanchéité latérale par rapport au carter (24).
  6. Étendeur à ailettes selon la revendication 5, dans lequel des moyens de pression (25, 27) sont prévus, qui pressent les segments d'étanchéité (23) contre le carter, les moyens de pression comprenant de manière avantageuse un ressort (27) et/ou un canal de refoulement (25).
  7. Étendeur à ailettes (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le rotor est composé de deux parties de rotor (11, 11') ou plus, qui se trouvent les unes à côté des autres sur un axe commun (30) et sont séparées les unes des autres respectivement par une plaque d'appui (29) et/ou le carter est composé de deux parties de carter (16, 16') ou plus, qui sont disposées les unes à côté des autres dans la direction axiale du rotor et qui entourent le rotor.
  8. Étendeur à ailettes selon la revendication 7, dans lequel les parties de rotor (11, 11') et/ou les parties de carter (16, 16') sont réalisées identiques et/ou comportent les mêmes contours intérieur et extérieur.
  9. Étendeur à ailettes selon la revendication 7 ou 8, comprenant au moins trois parties de rotor, dans lequel le carter comporte des lumières de commande dans la zone périphérique pour la commande d'au moins l'une des parties de rotor intérieure.
  10. Étendeur à ailettes (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le rotor de l'étendeur à ailettes est logé sur roulement à billes avec des billes en céramique.
  11. Système de récupération d'énergie (1) comprenant un étendeur à ailettes (4) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  12. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de récupération d'énergie (1) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel un milieu gazeux s'écoule dans l'étendeur à ailettes (4) et s'y détend en fournissant de l'énergie mécanique, le système de récupération d'énergie fonctionnant de manière avantageuse selon le principe de Clausius-Rankine.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'un étendeur à ailettes selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le contour extérieur de l'anneau de guidage forcé (17) est déterminé en prenant compte du déplacement de la ligne de contact (20).
  14. Procédé de fabrication d'un étendeur à ailettes (4) en particulier selon la revendication 7, comprenant un étendeur à ailettes destiné à la production d'énergie mécanique à partir de l'expansion d'un milieu gazeux, comprenant un carter (16), une entrée et une sortie pour le milieu gazeux et un rotor (11) disposé dans le carter,
    caractérisé en ce que
    selon le volume déplacé souhaité, le rotor est construit à partir d'une ou de deux parties de rotor (11, 11') ou plus, qui, quand deux parties de rotor ou plus sont utilisées, sont placées les unes à côté des autres sur un axe commun et sont séparées les unes des autres respectivement par une plaque d'appui et/ou dans lequel le carter est composé d'une ou de plusieurs parties de carter (16, 16'), qui, quand deux parties de carter ou plus sont utilisées, sont disposées les unes à côté des autres dans la direction axiale du rotor et entourent le rotor.
EP20120001770 2011-05-27 2012-03-15 Etendeur à ailettes Active EP2527590B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00915/11A CH705013A1 (de) 2011-05-27 2011-05-27 Flügelzellenexpander.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2527590A2 EP2527590A2 (fr) 2012-11-28
EP2527590A3 EP2527590A3 (fr) 2013-10-30
EP2527590B1 true EP2527590B1 (fr) 2015-04-29

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Publication number Publication date
EP2527590A2 (fr) 2012-11-28
CH705013A1 (de) 2012-11-30
EP2527590A3 (fr) 2013-10-30

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