EP2526177A2 - Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermique - Google Patents
Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2526177A2 EP2526177A2 EP11701082A EP11701082A EP2526177A2 EP 2526177 A2 EP2526177 A2 EP 2526177A2 EP 11701082 A EP11701082 A EP 11701082A EP 11701082 A EP11701082 A EP 11701082A EP 2526177 A2 EP2526177 A2 EP 2526177A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- exhaust gases
- oxygen
- carbon dioxide
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 61
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/025—Adding water
- F02M25/03—Adding water into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
Definitions
- the invention relates to devices and methods for performing mechanical work and for generating electrical and thermal energy, and systems for the supply of fuel to mobile and stationary devices.
- carbon dioxide is an inevitable end product of the combustion process. It has long been known that carbon dioxide has very negative effects on the earth's apparent weight and contributes greatly to man-made climate warming. The avoidance of carbon dioxide emissions is therefore very desirable.
- Electrically powered vehicles are emission-free at least locally.
- the accumulator systems available today are still very heavy or the energy density too low, which limits the achievable maximum range.
- battery-powered vehicles continue to be inferior to vehicles with chemical trails in terms of recharge time or refueling time.
- fuel cell systems have been developed to produce electric power to power electrically powered vehicles.
- electricity is generated electrochemically from hydrocarbon-based fuels and atmospheric oxygen. Again, however, results as a reaction product carbon dioxide.
- the object of the invention is to provide devices and methods for performing mechanical work and / or for the production of electrical and / or thermal energy to set Stel, which do not have the above-mentioned and other Goodei le.
- a device or such a method should have greatly reduced emissions or no emissions.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and a method which allow to capture and store accumulated carbon dioxide and other emissions efficiently for further use, disposal or recycling.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and a method which can be operated with a closed circuit.
- an inventive device, devices, machinery and equipment that are operated with such devices, in particular mobi le and stationary machinery and equipment, a method according to the invention for performing mechanical work and / or for generating electrical and / or. or thermal energy, a refueling system according to the invention, a system for supplying fuel to mobile and static machines and plants, and a method according to the invention for supplying one or more customers with fuel, according to the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims. Presentation of the invention
- the energy required for operation from the oxidation of carbonaceous operating materials is related to an exhaust gas essentially consisting of carbon dioxide and water.
- An apparatus for compressing and / or condensing the exhaust gas is provided.
- a memory serves to receive the compressed and / or condensed exhaust gas.
- Such a device according to the invention can be operated with oxygen-enriched air, preferably with an oxygen content of> 95%, and / or with pure oxygen as the oxidation agent.
- a heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas flow Before and / or after the device for compression and / or condensation of the exhaust gas, a heat exchanger for cooling the exhaust gas flow can be provided.
- Another embodiment of a device according to the invention has a device for condensing and / or separating water from the exhaust gas.
- An apparatus according to the invention can be designed as a fuel cell, as a heat engine, for example as a piston engine or turbine, or as a heating device.
- An embodied as a heat engine embodiment of an inventive device is advantageously an internal combustion engine, with at least one combustion chamber for combustion of fuel with oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, with means for converting the resulting gas pressure or Casvolumens into mechanical work, with a feed device for introducing oxygen in the combustion chamber, and with an outlet device for removing the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. Downstream of the outlet device are a compressor for compressing the Exhaust gases and / or a condensation device for tei-wise condensation of the exhaust gases provided.
- a further variant of such an apparatus according to the invention has a supply device for introducing water into the combustion chamber and / or into the exhaust gas flow after it leaves the combustion chamber.
- An embodiment of a device according to the invention embodied as a heating device has at least one combustion chamber for combustion of oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, means for transferring the resulting thermal energy to a fluid heat transfer medium, a supply device for introducing oxygen into the combustion chamber, and an outlet device for removal the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. Downstream of the outlet device, a compressor for compressing the exhaust gases and / or a condensation device for partially condensing the exhaust gases are provided downstream of the outlet device.
- An inventive machine in particular a mobile or stationary machine, and inventive device or system for heating buildings, in particular a heating center, comprises such a device according to the invention.
- An inventive refueling system for refueling a mobile machine or plant with an inventive device with gaseous or liquid operating materials has means for removing compressed gases, in particular carbon dioxide, from a memory of the mobi len machine.
- such a refueling system also means for refueling the mobi len machine or system with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.
- a supply system according to the invention for supplying one or more customers with gaseous and / or liquid operating materials has a first supply network for transporting the supplies to the customers, one or more production facilities and / or one or more first storage facilities.
- a second recycling network is used for the return transport of exhaust gases, in particular carbon dioxide, from the customers to one or more production facilities and / or one or more second storage facilities.
- the energy required for operation from the oxidation of carbonaceous operating materials is related to an exhaust gas essentially consisting of carbon dioxide and water.
- the resulting in the oxidation reaction exhaust gases are compressed and / or condensed and collected in a memory.
- oxygen-enriched air preferably with an oxygen content of> 95%, or pure oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent.
- oxygen-enriched air preferably with an oxygen content of> 95%, or pure oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent.
- the compressed exhaust gases are cooled before and / or after the compression and / or condensation.
- water is condensed out and / or separated from the exhaust gases.
- a process according to the invention is carried out with a fuel cell or a heat engine or a heating device.
- the operating materials are processed by a process for the thermal-chemical utilization of prepared carbonaceous starting materials, in which in a first stage, the carbonaceous starting materials are pyrolyzed, with pyrolysis and pyrolysis arise pyrolysis.
- the pyrolysis coke from the first stage is gasified, producing synthesis gas, and slag and other residues are left over and removed.
- the synthesis gas from the second stage is converted into the feedstock; wherein excess recycle gas from the third stage is directed to the first stage and / or the second stage.
- the three stages form a closed loop.
- At least a portion of the exhaust gases is utilized in a process for the thermal-chemical utilization of carbonaceous starting materials in which the carbonaceous starting materials are pyrolyzed in a first stage, resulting in pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas.
- a second stage the pyrolysis coke from the first stage is gasified, producing synthesis gas, and slag and other residues are left over and removed.
- the synthesis gas from the second stage is converted into the feedstock; wherein excess recycle gas from the third stage is directed to the first stage and / or the second stage.
- the three stages form a closed loop.
- the exhaust gases are fed to the first stage and / or the second stage and / or the third stage.
- the exhaust gases are fed into the recycle gas.
- the customers are provided with a first supply network supplied with gaseous and / or liquid fuels from one or more production facilities and / or from one or more first storage.
- a second feedback network at least a portion of the exhaust gases, in particular carbon dioxide, produced during the drive process are returned by the customers to one or more production facilities and / or to one or more second storage facilities.
- the drive energy for the current generator is generated by a method according to the invention discussed above.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a device according to the invention in combination with a plant for the thermal-chemical utilization of carbon-containing substances, wherein a substantially closed material cycle is obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a variant of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention designed as an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows another embodiment of a device according to the invention designed as an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 4A schematically shows a device according to the invention designed as a combined gas / steam turbine.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a device according to the invention in a vehicle, as well as a possible embodiment of a closed circuit for the fuel supply of such a vehicle with a device according to the invention, in conjunction with a return system for carbon dioxide.
- FIG. 6 shows schematically a possible embodiment of a supply network for gaseous fuels in connection with a return system for carbon dioxide, for carrying out the supply method according to the invention.
- an inventive device 1 for performing mechanical work and / or for generating electrical or thermal energy related to the operation of energy from the oxidation of carbonaceous fuels to an exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gases produced during the oxidation reaction are compressed and / or condensed and collected in a storage tank.
- the utilization of the chemical energy is thermo-chemical or electrochemically.
- inventive method devices 1 have a closed circuit, that is, there are emissions into the atmosphere.
- anfal loiny residues such as carbon dioxide
- the stored gas mixture essentially contains only carbon dioxide and optionally water.
- the carbon dioxide is regularly transferred to a suitable larger storage device for further use.
- this recycling of the carbon dioxide takes place at the same time, for example, with the refueling of a vehicle.
- the stored carbon dioxide is partially or completely recycled.
- Applicant's International Application No. PCT / EP201 0/067847 discloses a method and an apparatus 6 for the thermal-chemical processing and utilization of carbonaceous substances.
- a system 6 is schematically and greatly simplified dargestel lt.
- a substantially closed closed circuit in the plant 6 carbonaceous starting material 27 is converted into hydrocarbons 20 and hydrocarbon derivatives.
- a first stage 61 a and second stage 61 b the carbonaceous starting material 27 is converted into synthesis gas mixture 65.
- the carbonaceous substances are supplied and pyrolyzed, pyrolysis coke 63 and pyrolysis gas 64 being formed.
- the pyrolysis coke 63 is gasified from the first stage, wherein synthesis gas mixture 65 is formed, and slag and other residues remain.
- a third stage 62 hydrocarbons and other valuable substances 20 which can be used elsewhere are produced from the synthesis gas mixture 65.
- the remaining after the synthesis step 62 return gas mixture 66 contains substantially carbon dioxide, and is passed as a gasification agent back into the first stage. All three stages are pressure-tight and form a substantially closed circuit.
- solid, liquid or gaseous substances can be efficiently converted into gaseous or liquid fuels 20.
- the system 6 generates thermal energy in the form of process steam (not shown).
- the hydrocarbonaceous fuels produced in the synthesis step 62 are preferably stored 81, in tanks or accumulators.
- a device 1 according to the invention advantageously uses gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives 20 from the plant 6 as the fuel, which are taken from the reservoir 81.
- the thermal or electrical energy generating oxidation reaction takes place with oxygen-enriched air, preferably with an oxygen content of> 95%, or with pure oxygen 22, instead of air.
- the oxygen is advantageously carried in a pressure tank.
- An apparatus 1 according to the invention can be, for example, an internal combustion engine in which the heat produced during the oxidation reaction is converted into mechanical work in a heat engine, or a fuel cell in combination with an electric motor in which the oxidation reaction is used directly for power generation.
- the use of pure oxygen 22 instead of air avoids the formation of nitrogen oxides due to the absence of atmospheric nitrogen in a thermal-chemical reaction at high temperatures. Most importantly, however, only residual carbon dioxide 24 and water vapor 23 remain in the resulting reaction products 21. Depending on the stoichiometry of the reaction, the resulting gases may also contain certain amounts of carbon monoxide and unreacted fuel. However, these can subsequently be aftertreated analogously to the carbon dioxide.
- the reaction products 21 of the energy-producing reaction are essentially gaseous. The corresponding gas mixture is now compressed to reduce the volume. With the aid of a heat exchanger, the gas mixture 21 is cooled before and / or after the compression, as a result of which it continues to lose volume.
- Water is condensed out, whereby the volume of the gas mixture is further reduced further and only carbon dioxide 24 remains in the gas mixture, optionally with proportions of carbon monoxide and unreacted operating material.
- the condensed water 23 is separated.
- the carbon dioxide 24 may be intermediately stored in a suitable reservoir, for example a pressure tank.
- the carbon dioxide 24 is again the first stage 61 a of the system 6 supplied, so that there is a closed material cycle for the carbon dioxide.
- a buffer 82 for the carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas 24 may be provided.
- a portion of the stored carbon dioxide may also be deposited in a manner such that it can not permanently enter the atmosphere.
- Corresponding technologies for permanent long-term storage of carbon dioxide are currently being developed worldwide. For example, the final disposal of carbon dioxide by pumping it into empty oil and gas fields is being tested.
- FIG. 1 Another, more generalized variant of a device 1 according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG.
- Such an inventive internal combustion engine 1 can easily be operated in combined operation with hydrogen 25 as further fuel. In such a case, the hydrogen fraction leads to a reduction in the amount of residual gas arising after the heat exchanger and compressor, since in the oxidation of hydrogen with oxygen in any case only water is produced.
- water 23 can be used as an additional expansion medium in an advantageous variant of such an apparatus according to the invention or of such a method.
- a certain amount of water injected into the cylinder Zyl is then evaporated by the heat energy of the exothermic oxidation reaction.
- the resulting gas pressure or Casvolumenzuwachs due to the water vapor thus contributes to the generation of kinetic energy, at the same time the temperature of the Ceticiangemischs of combustion exhaust gases and water vapor decreases.
- this is unproblematic or even desirable because due to the higher energy density of a reaction with pure oxygen wesentl I higher reaction temperatures arise, which improves the thermodynamic efficiency, but can also load the parts of an inventive device 1 more.
- the water can also be introduced as steam.
- a certain amount of liquid water can also be mixed with the liquid material.
- superheated steam acts as an additional oxidant besides oxygen.
- the mode of operation of a method according to the invention is described and explained in more detail below using the example of a drive device 1 according to the invention in the form of a piston motor.
- devices according to the invention designed as internal combustion engines can also be designed, for example, as turbines or rotary engines, etc.
- the hot exhaust gases are used for the performance of mechanical work in accordance with the functional principle of the respective type of internal combustion engine, and are thereby partially relaxed , Subsequently, the gas mixture leaves the combustion chamber.
- the exhaust gas mixture is ejected from the cylinder at the third stroke, and then compressed, cooled and temporarily stored.
- FIG. 3 A possible embodiment of an inventive device 1 designed as an internal combustion engine for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 3, using the example of a piston engine with a cylinder.
- the illustrated internal combustion engine 1 has a cylinder 1 1 1 and a movable piston 1 1 2 arranged therein, which together a closed combustion chamber 1 1 bi lden.
- a ledigl I schematically illustrated supply device 1 6 kt oxygen 22 is introduced into the expanding combustion chamber 1 1 in a first Ta kt. Subsequently, the oxygen 22 is compressed in a second cycle, and introduced at the end of the second cycle with a feed device 1 8 of the fuel 20 in the combustion chamber 1 1 and burned.
- the expanding exhaust gases 21 perform mechanical work
- the tei lweise expanded exhaust gases 21 are discharged through an outlet device 1 2, not shown, from the combustion chamber 1 1.
- the cooling condenses Part of the water 23 off, and is separated.
- the residual gas, which consists essentially only of carbon dioxide 24 and, if appropriate ls Restantei len carbon monoxide and unreacted supplies is compressed in a series-arranged compressor 1 4, and in a memory 1 5, in the simplest case a pressure vessel, pumped.
- the condensation stage 1 3 before the compression 14 reduces the unwanted formation of condensation water droplets in the compressor 1 4.
- the dargestel inventive combustion engine 1 has no emissions. Since the device is not operated with air or similar mixtures, no air-specific pollutants such as nitrogen oxides can arise. The water produced during combustion is unproblematic and can be separated. The carbon dioxide and other residual gases are collected in the memory 1 5 and stored for further use. Unburned components of the fuel either condense with the water and are separated or are compressed together with the carbon dioxide.
- sulfur and phosphorus can also be present in the operating materials for an apparatus according to the invention.
- the sulfur may react with sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide upon combustion, which in turn reacts with the water to form sulfurous acid and sulfurous acid.
- sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide upon combustion, which in turn reacts with the water to form sulfurous acid and sulfurous acid.
- These corrosive pollutants can be condensed out with the water, separated and disposed of. The same applies to phosphorus-containing pollutants and, where appropriate, fine particulate matter.
- FIG. 4 Another possible embodiment of an inventive device 1 configured as an internal combustion engine for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
- water is introduced into the combustion chamber 11 by a supply device 1 7 schematically illustrated. This is preferably done so that during or after the combustion reaction a certain agreed amount of water 23, liquid or vapor, is injected into the combustion chamber and finely divided. This water is heated by the heat of combustion, whereby the entire Casvol trees in the combustion chamber 1 1 increases, and thus also the available for the performance of the mechanical work gas pressure or Casvolumen. Accordingly, the amount of fuel can then be reduced while maintaining bender performance.
- water can also be introduced into the exhaust gas flow 21 when it has left the combustion chamber 11.
- water can also be introduced into the exhaust gas flow 21 when it has left the combustion chamber 11.
- the amount of water and the timing of the injection are matched with the supply of fuel 21 and oxygen 22 so that the combustion reaction can take place efficiently.
- the resulting temperature during the oxidation reaction is substantially such that the highest possible thermodynamic efficiency of the heat engine is achieved.
- the exhaust gases 21 are first compressed in a compressor 1 4 before they are then cooled in the heat exchanger 1 3.
- the water 23 remains in the gas mixture 21, and collects in liquid form in the pressure vessel 1 5.
- the water 23 can then be discharged at the same time.
- the variant shown in FIG. 4 can also be combined with the internal combustion engine 1 without water injection from FIG. 3, and vice versa, and can generally be used for a device 1 according to the invention.
- the energy required for the operation of the compressor of a device 1 according to the invention is advantageously generated by the device itself.
- the achievable efficiency of the device decreases.
- the emission-free unit of the said inventive device and the inventive method is achieved.
- the achievable performance with the same otorendimension réelle is greater, which compensates for the loss of power again.
- the compressor can be operated for example via a suitable transmission directly to the Kurbelwel le a Kol ben internal combustion engine. If the inventive device 1 designed as a turbine, the compressor can sit directly on the same Wel le. The exhaust gases can then be condensed directly subsequent to the expansion process and the remaining power remaining to be compacted.
- the exhaust gases are already precompressed within the combustion chamber at the third clock, and then discharged through the outlet device 1 2.
- the downstream compressor 14 may also be omitted.
- Such an embodiment is also possible as a two-stroke variant because the new loading of the combustion chamber with the reaction mixture (material 20 Tre, oxygen 22, water 23) can be done very quickly in a device according to the invention.
- the exhaust gases are precompressed and exhausted from the combustion chamber towards the end of the cycle.
- the gaseous oxygen may be injected into the combustion chamber under high pressure at the end of the upstroke because comparatively little oxygen is needed for a complete combustion reaction, and water is present as an additional expansion agent.
- the liquid fuel 20 and the water 23 as expansion means can be injected in any case very quickly and under high pressure in the combustion chamber.
- the energy consumption for the compressor can be optimized by a suitable combination with one or more heat exchangers or cooling elements in which the Casvolumen can be reduced by emitting heat energy of the reaction gases to an internal or external heat sink.
- a device 1 according to the invention is also possible to implement a device 1 according to the invention as a heat engine with external combustion, for example as a steam engine or steam turbine or as a sterling engine.
- FIG. 4A shows another advantageous embodiment of an inventive drive device 1, which is designed as a combined gas / steam turbine.
- a drive device is particularly suitable for ships or power plants.
- a combustion chamber 71 0 upstream of the turbine fuel 20 is burned with oxygen 22 in a burner 714, forming a very hot exhaust gas.
- Water 23 ' is introduced into the combustion chamber 71 0, preferably as superheated liquid water having a temperature of, for example, 250 ° C. and a pressure of 50 bar.
- the resulting water vapor mixes with the combustion exhaust gases, so that a hot (eg 600 ° C) exhaust 21 'is formed with a high Antei l of superheated steam.
- the abovementioned exhaust gases exit the combustion chamber 71 0 and are converted into mechanical work 78 in a subsequent turbine device 71 9, with which in turn an electrical cenerator device 74 is driven.
- the gas mixture in the combustion chamber isochronous, so that the gas pressure increases, or isobaric, so that the gas volume increases accordingly, or both the volume and the pressure rise.
- the subsequent turbine device 71 9 must be configured. Suitable turbines 71 9 are known from the prior art k, and usually have several stages.
- steam 77 can be deducted and used elsewhere.
- the expanded exhaust gas 21 "is passed into a condenser / economizer 73, where the water 23 is condensed out and separated off
- the remaining residual gas 24, which contains substantial carbon dioxide, is compressed in a compressor 72. Thereafter, it is either stored in a gas reservoir 1 5 or directly conveyed to the first stage of a recycling plant 6.
- the compressor 72 is advantageously driven directly via the turbine 71 9.
- the water 23 'and only then to the combustion chamber 71 0 are mixed with the exhaust stream 21', for example by means of a venturi.
- the amount of water 23 'and the amount of fuel mixture 20, 22 and the other selectable parameters are advantageous coordinated so that the subsequent turbine achieves a possible utmost energy efficiency.
- the proportion of water in the exhaust gas mixture 21 ' should be as high as possible.
- the highest possible pressure drop of the gas mixture on the condenser 73 is achieved. This increases the total pressure difference across the turbine 71 9, and thus their efficiency.
- Another advantage of introducing water vapor into the combustion chamber is the cooling effect of the vapor.
- the exothermic oxidation of the very high-energy fuel mixture can lead to very high temperatures of up to 1 000 ° C or even 2000 ° C. Such temperatures would load the structures of the combustion chamber 71 0 and the subsequent turbine device 71 9 very heavily.
- the comparatively cold water vapor is preferably introduced into the chamber in such a way that it shields the walls of the combustion chamber 71 0 from the very hot flame 71 5.
- the steam finally cools the entire gas mixture to 600 ° C to 800 ° C, which lowers the thermal load on the turbine blades and increases their service life.
- the illustrated drive device 1 differs from a conventional gas turbine also in that the combustion chamber is preceded by no compressor. This allows a simpler design of the combustion chamber 71 0 as in a gas turbine. Since the supplies 20 are burned with pure oxygen 22, the achievable energy density is higher than with air with its reduced oxygen content. In order to increase the amount of oxygen that can be introduced into the combustion chamber 71 0 per unit of time, the oxygen can be pressurized.
- the turbine device 71 9 may be designed like a steam turbine, since the temperature and pressure ranges of the exhaust gas 21 'are substantially the same.
- a vehicle 3 driven by an inventive device 1 is schematically dargestel lt in Figure 5, as an example of an inventive mobi le machine 3.
- a configured as an internal combustion engine device 1 according to the invention is either used directly as a drive unit, or alternatively constant at an ideal speed range operated, which is generated by a generator power for an electric drive unit. If the inventive device 1 designed as fuel cell lens system, also serves as an electric motor as a drive unit.
- the vehicle 3 has a tank 31 for the liquid or gaseous material Trei 20, and a pressure tank 32 for the oxygen 22.
- the gas storage for the carbon dioxide is advantageously designed as a pressure tank.
- An inventive device 1 is particularly suitable for less weight-sensitive vehicles, such as land and water vehicles, especially vehicles in city traffic or ships and larger boats. Depending on the size of the vehicle, it is also possible to produce the oxygen on site, whereby the pressure tank 32 is used as a temporary storage device and can be designed correspondingly smaller.
- FIG. 5 Also illustrated in FIG. 5 is a possible embodiment of a closed circuit for the fuel supply of such a vehicle 3 according to the invention.
- the vehicle 3 is charged with liquid or gaseous fuel 20 at a correspondingly equipped refueling installation 41, as well as with compressed oxygen 22 in the gas storage 1 5 collected carbon dioxide 24 discharged into a corresponding gas storage of the refueling system 41.
- the thermal energy generated during the oxidation reaction is not converted into mechanical work, but utilized for heating a fluid heat transport medium. That is, the device serves to generate thermal energy.
- a heat transport medium that serves to transport the generated thermal energy for example, water, oil, air or steam can be used.
- the energy-generating oxidation reaction takes place in a suitably designed combustion chamber, which is equipped with means for heating the Transportmedi ums, for example, a heat exchanger. These agents also serve to cool the resulting exhaust stream.
- the heated heat transfer medium can subsequently be used in industrial plants or for heating buildings.
- a district heating plant or a cogeneration plant can be equipped with such an inventive device.
- the refueling system 41 forms a closed loop with a fuel production plant 6 as disclosed in applicant's International Application No. PCT / EP201 0/067847.
- the plant 6 produces 27 liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon fuels 20 from carbonaceous starting materials. These are transported by suitable means to the refueling installation 41.
- the carbon dioxide 24, in turn, with proportions of carbon monoxide and unreacted fuel, which has been discharged from the vehicle 3 in the refueling system 41, is transported via suitable means to the system 6, where it is fed into the closed circuit of the system 6.
- a refueling system 41 for example, for public Bus Sae a city.
- their buses are fueled exclusively in the company's own refueling facilities.
- a comparatively small number of refueling installations 41 to be converted many vehicles 3 can thus be achieved. This leads to lower investment costs in a corresponding Cetician.
- the return of carbon dioxide and / or the supply of fuel can also be done via a suitable supply network 5.
- the customers are provided with a first supply network with gaseous and / or liquid materials from one or more production plants and / or from one or more first stores provided.
- a second recycling network at least part of the exhaust gases, in particular carbon dioxide, generated during the drive process are returned by the customers to one or more production plants and / or to one or more second stores.
- FIG. 6 shows a possible embodiment of such a supply network for carrying out a supply method according to the invention.
- the system has two annular networks.
- a first supply network 51 is Production system 6 with closed circuit gaseous or liquid Propane 20 fed. From this network 51, various refueling installations 41 receive the gaseous fuels. Ebenfal ls connected to the network 51 is a first latch 81 and a power plant 43, in which by means of an inventive device such as in Figure 4A dargestel lt a current generator is operated.
- a second return network 52 is present, in which the refueling systems 41 and the power plant 43 feed the resulting carbon dioxide 24. This is in turn conveyed back to the production plant 6.
- a second latch 82 serves to increase the capacity of the second network.
- a repository 44 for carbon dioxide is provided in the variant shown. Carbon dioxide can be diverted from the second network and pumped under pressure into an exhausted oil storage, where it then remains permanently.
- a fuel tank 31 and / or gas reservoir 15 for the carbon dioxide can be completely dispensed with, since the fixed line system assumes this function. This is the case, for example, in the power generation plant 43 in FIG.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RS20201078A RS60896B1 (sr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Uređaji za izvođenje mehaničkog rada bez emisije |
PL11701082T PL2526177T3 (pl) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Bezemisyjne urządzenia do wykonywania pracy mechanicznej |
EP20181575.0A EP3789474A1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermique |
EP11701082.7A EP2526177B1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs sans émission pour effectuer des travaux mécaniques |
SI201131917T SI2526177T1 (sl) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Brezemisijske naprave za opravljanje mehanskega dela |
CY20201100863T CY1123340T1 (el) | 2010-01-22 | 2020-09-11 | Διαταξεις και μεθοδοι ανευ εκπομπων για εκτελεση μηχανικου εργου και για παραγωγη ηλεκτρικης και θερμικης ενεργειας |
HRP20201464TT HRP20201464T1 (hr) | 2010-01-22 | 2020-09-14 | Uređaji bez emisije za obavljanje mehaničkog rada |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10151481.8A EP2348254B1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2010-01-22 | Système de ravitaillement en carburant pour un engin mobile |
EP10151473A EP2348253A1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2010-01-22 | Procédé d'exécution d'un travail mécanique sans émission |
EP10154449A EP2325287A1 (fr) | 2009-11-20 | 2010-02-23 | Centrale sans émission de production d'énergie mécanique et électrique |
EP11701082.7A EP2526177B1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs sans émission pour effectuer des travaux mécaniques |
PCT/EP2011/050788 WO2011089200A2 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermique |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20181575.0A Division EP3789474A1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2526177A2 true EP2526177A2 (fr) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2526177B1 EP2526177B1 (fr) | 2020-06-24 |
Family
ID=43617919
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20181575.0A Withdrawn EP3789474A1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermique |
EP11701082.7A Active EP2526177B1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs sans émission pour effectuer des travaux mécaniques |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20181575.0A Withdrawn EP3789474A1 (fr) | 2010-01-22 | 2011-01-20 | Dispositifs et procédé sans émission permettant l'exécution de travail mécanique et la génération d'énergie électrique et thermique |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US10072841B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP3789474A1 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR079947A1 (fr) |
CY (1) | CY1123340T1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK2526177T3 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA201270678A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2819287T3 (fr) |
HR (1) | HRP20201464T1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUE051957T2 (fr) |
LT (1) | LT2526177T (fr) |
PL (1) | PL2526177T3 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT2526177T (fr) |
RS (1) | RS60896B1 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI2526177T1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI600825B (fr) |
UY (1) | UY33197A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011089200A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014087008A1 (fr) * | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-12 | Christian Mair | Système de stockage de carburants dans des bateaux |
EP2876150A1 (fr) | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-27 | RV Lizenz AG | Réseau d'énergie combiné |
US9682344B1 (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-06-20 | David R. Hall | Negative carbon dioxide output vehicle |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3672341A (en) * | 1970-07-30 | 1972-06-27 | Combustion Power | Air pollution-free internal combustion engine and method for operating same |
US3861484A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1975-01-21 | Kenneth E Joslin | Hybrid vehicular power system |
US3986349A (en) | 1975-09-15 | 1976-10-19 | Chevron Research Company | Method of power generation via coal gasification and liquid hydrocarbon synthesis |
SU707532A3 (ru) | 1976-04-13 | 1979-12-30 | Энергиагаздалкодаши Интезет (Инопредприятие) | Двухтактный дизельный двигатель внутреннего сгорани |
DE3433602A1 (de) | 1984-08-18 | 1986-02-27 | Horst 7447 Aichtal Jentzsch | Einrichtung zum absaugen und sammeln von gasen, insbesondere von kraftfahrzeug-auspuffgasen in einer montage- oder betriebshalle |
US5034021A (en) | 1985-07-29 | 1991-07-23 | Richardson Reginald D | Apparatus for thermal pyrolysis of crushed coal |
RU2055997C1 (ru) | 1991-07-05 | 1996-03-10 | Евгений Глебович Шадек | Способ работы двигателя внутреннего сгорания и двигатель внутреннего сгорания |
RU2069274C1 (ru) | 1992-12-14 | 1996-11-20 | Харлов Николай Михайлович | Способ впрыска воды в цилиндр двигателя внутреннего сгорания и устройство для его осуществления |
DE19523109C2 (de) | 1995-06-26 | 2001-10-11 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftfahrzeug mit Brennkraftmaschine und einem Stromerzeugungssystem |
CA2271450A1 (fr) | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-12 | Stuart Energy Systems Inc. | Procede et appareil pour le ravitaillement en hydrogene |
US6202574B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-03-20 | Abb Alstom Power Inc. | Combustion method and apparatus for producing a carbon dioxide end product |
EP1284923A2 (fr) * | 2000-05-03 | 2003-02-26 | Zero-M Limited | Systeme d'alimentation en combustible |
AT4883U1 (de) | 2000-06-23 | 2001-12-27 | Hermeling Werner Dipl Ing | Mobile füllanlage für gasflaschen |
US20030083390A1 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-01 | Shah Lalit S. | Fischer-tropsch tail-gas utilization |
US6574962B1 (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-10 | Justin Chin-Chung Hsu | KOH flue gas recirculation power plant with waste heat and byproduct recovery |
NO320939B1 (no) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-02-13 | Aker Kvaerner Engineering & Te | Fremgangsmate for eksosgassbehandling i brenselcellesystem basert pa oksider i fast form |
FR2861402B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-24 | 2008-09-12 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Production de carburants liquides par un enchainement de procedes de traitement d'une charge hydrocarbonee |
ITRM20050207A1 (it) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-03 | Pyrolb S R L | Procedimento integrato per il trattamento di rifiuti mediante pirolisi e relativo impianto. |
US8087926B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2012-01-03 | Jupiter Oxygen Corporation | Oxy-fuel combustion with integrated pollution control |
US8479690B2 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2013-07-09 | Maro Performance Group, Llc | Advanced internal combustion engine |
DE102007041624A1 (de) | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-05 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verfahren und Anlage zur Erzeugung eines teerarmen Brenngases |
TWM337621U (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2008-08-01 | lai-xi Huang | Heat recovery apparatus and its application for a two-cycle engine |
US20090178642A1 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Lai Shi Huang | Heat energy recycling device for an engine and two-stroke engine using the same |
US8671684B2 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2014-03-18 | Donald E. Moriarty | Partially self-refueling zero emissions system |
US20090297993A1 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | Foster Wheeler Energia Oy | Method of and System For Generating Power By Oxyfuel Combustion |
CN201377352Y (zh) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-01-06 | 王福山 | 一种往复式内燃发动机 |
EP2325288A1 (fr) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-25 | RV Lizenz AG | Procédé et installation de traitement thermochimique et d'évaluation de substances contenant du carbone |
UY33038A (es) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-06-30 | Rv Lizenz Ag | Uso termico y quimico de sustancias cabonaceas en particular para la generacion de energia sin emisiones |
RU2516725C2 (ru) | 2011-12-29 | 2014-05-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана" (МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана) | Устройство обогащения всасываемого воздуха кислородом для двигателя внутреннего сгорания |
-
2011
- 2011-01-14 TW TW100101391A patent/TWI600825B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-01-19 AR ARP110100186A patent/AR079947A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-01-20 LT LTEP11701082.7T patent/LT2526177T/lt unknown
- 2011-01-20 US US13/522,914 patent/US10072841B2/en active Active
- 2011-01-20 DK DK11701082.7T patent/DK2526177T3/da active
- 2011-01-20 EA EA201270678A patent/EA201270678A1/ru unknown
- 2011-01-20 UY UY0001033197A patent/UY33197A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-01-20 HU HUE11701082A patent/HUE051957T2/hu unknown
- 2011-01-20 ES ES11701082T patent/ES2819287T3/es active Active
- 2011-01-20 EP EP20181575.0A patent/EP3789474A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-01-20 WO PCT/EP2011/050788 patent/WO2011089200A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-01-20 PT PT117010827T patent/PT2526177T/pt unknown
- 2011-01-20 EP EP11701082.7A patent/EP2526177B1/fr active Active
- 2011-01-20 RS RS20201078A patent/RS60896B1/sr unknown
- 2011-01-20 PL PL11701082T patent/PL2526177T3/pl unknown
- 2011-01-20 SI SI201131917T patent/SI2526177T1/sl unknown
-
2018
- 2018-09-07 US US16/125,014 patent/US11397004B2/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-11 CY CY20201100863T patent/CY1123340T1/el unknown
- 2020-09-14 HR HRP20201464TT patent/HRP20201464T1/hr unknown
-
2022
- 2022-07-22 US US17/871,192 patent/US20230018213A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011089200A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2526177T3 (da) | 2020-09-21 |
US20120312004A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
EP2526177B1 (fr) | 2020-06-24 |
SI2526177T1 (sl) | 2020-10-30 |
AR079947A1 (es) | 2012-02-29 |
HUE051957T2 (hu) | 2021-04-28 |
US11397004B2 (en) | 2022-07-26 |
EP3789474A1 (fr) | 2021-03-10 |
WO2011089200A2 (fr) | 2011-07-28 |
ES2819287T3 (es) | 2021-04-15 |
TWI600825B (zh) | 2017-10-01 |
US10072841B2 (en) | 2018-09-11 |
WO2011089200A3 (fr) | 2011-10-27 |
UY33197A (es) | 2011-08-31 |
US20190056106A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
CY1123340T1 (el) | 2021-12-31 |
PL2526177T3 (pl) | 2020-11-30 |
PT2526177T (pt) | 2020-09-23 |
TW201144575A (en) | 2011-12-16 |
EA201270678A1 (ru) | 2013-04-30 |
RS60896B1 (sr) | 2020-11-30 |
HRP20201464T1 (hr) | 2021-02-19 |
LT2526177T (lt) | 2020-10-12 |
US20230018213A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0749521B1 (fr) | Procede pour une transformation faiblement polluante de combustibles fossiles en energie motrice | |
EP2501786B1 (fr) | Conversion thermochimique de matériaux carbonés, en particulier pour la production d'énergie sans émissions | |
DE2738638A1 (de) | Mit wasserstoff betriebene verbrennungskraftmaschinen sowie verfahren zum betreiben dieser | |
EP3129610A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif d'accumulation et de récupération d'énergie | |
EP0518868A1 (fr) | Procede et installation pour la production d'energie mecanique. | |
DE19836760A1 (de) | Erdgasspaltvorrichtung, Erdgasspaltvorrichtung mit Sauerstoffbeseitigungsvorrichtung sowie Gasmotor mit Erdgasspaltvorrichtung | |
US20230018213A1 (en) | Emission-free devices and method for performing mechanical work and for generating electrical and thermal energy | |
EP2625137A1 (fr) | Procédé d'obtention et d'utilisation d'un alcool et utilisation dudit alcool pour augmenter le rendement et les performances d'un moteur à combustion interne | |
EP2348254B1 (fr) | Système de ravitaillement en carburant pour un engin mobile | |
DE102012105736A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Speicherung von Elektroenergie | |
EP2325287A1 (fr) | Centrale sans émission de production d'énergie mécanique et électrique | |
DE102010029972A1 (de) | Verbrennungsmotor für Wasserstoff mit hohem Wirkungsgrad | |
WO2021191116A1 (fr) | Combustible liquide neutre en co2 | |
EP2348253A1 (fr) | Procédé d'exécution d'un travail mécanique sans émission | |
DE69738474T2 (de) | Reinluftmotoren für transport und andere motorisierte anwendungen | |
WO2017050459A1 (fr) | Centrale à turbine à vapeur avec combustion d'hydrogène et à dispositif de gazéification intégré | |
DE3429727A1 (de) | Brennkraft/dampf-verbundmotor mit nutzung der prozesswaerme | |
DE102013009244A1 (de) | Nullemissionsantrieb mit Brennstoffzelle und CO2-Abscheidung | |
DE102013006725A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Speicherung und Rückgewinnung von Elektroenergie, Wärme und Wasser | |
DE102016008835A1 (de) | Integrierte Abgasverwertungs - und Kraftstoffvergasungsanlage für Verbrennungsmotoren aller Art | |
DE10352520B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer stationären oder mobilen Kraftmaschine mittels Druckgas und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens | |
DE102006062741A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Gewinnung, Speicherung und Aufbereitung von flüssigen Arbeitsmitteln und ein Verfahren zur Nutzung der Arbeitsmittel über einem Rotationsschwenkkolbenmotor | |
DE102018123417A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftwerkes zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie durch Verbrennung eines kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffs und entsprechendes System zum Betreiben eines Kraftwerkes | |
EP3081289B1 (fr) | Procédé de combustion de matières premières hydrocarbonées (hc) solides, liquides ou gazeuses dans un moteur thermique, moteur thermique et système de production d'énergie à partir de matières hydrocarbonées (hc) | |
DE202017003690U1 (de) | Wasserstoff-Dampf-Kraft-Werk |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20120625 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1173742 Country of ref document: HK |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: RV LIZENZ AG |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20170119 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20180619 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20190710 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: RUEDLINGER, MIKAEL |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20200103 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1283897 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20200715 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 502011016765 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HR Ref legal event code: TUEP Ref document number: P20201464T Country of ref document: HR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: IPRIME RENTSCH KAELIN AG, CH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FI Ref legal event code: FGE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 Effective date: 20200914 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: SC4A Ref document number: 2526177 Country of ref document: PT Date of ref document: 20200923 Kind code of ref document: T Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION Effective date: 20200916 Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: FP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: EP Ref document number: 20200402518 Country of ref document: GR Effective date: 20201014 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NO Ref legal event code: T2 Effective date: 20200624 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: EE Ref legal event code: FG4A Ref document number: E019784 Country of ref document: EE Effective date: 20200916 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: T3 Ref document number: E 35313 Country of ref document: SK |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20200624 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20200624 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HR Ref legal event code: T1PR Ref document number: P20201464 Country of ref document: HR |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20201024 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 502011016765 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2819287 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 Effective date: 20210415 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HR Ref legal event code: ODRP Ref document number: P20201464 Country of ref document: HR Payment date: 20210406 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HU Ref legal event code: AG4A Ref document number: E051957 Country of ref document: HU |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20210325 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Payment date: 20210413 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20200624 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HR Ref legal event code: ODRP Ref document number: P20201464 Country of ref document: HR Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RS Payment date: 20220211 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: LT Payment date: 20220211 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: HU Payment date: 20220213 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20220223 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: FI Payment date: 20220217 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20220215 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20220217 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: BG Payment date: 20220217 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20220217 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Payment date: 20220210 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: SK Payment date: 20220221 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: RO Payment date: 20220210 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20220210 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: PL Payment date: 20220214 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: NO Payment date: 20220214 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20220203 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: MK Payment date: 20220211 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: LV Payment date: 20220221 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20220218 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: HR Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: GR Payment date: 20220221 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20220325 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: EE Payment date: 20220221 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: CZ Payment date: 20220222 Year of fee payment: 12 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20220216 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Payment date: 20220215 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220120 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 502011016765 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HR Ref legal event code: PBON Ref document number: P20201464 Country of ref document: HR Effective date: 20230120 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MM4D Effective date: 20230120 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: EE Ref legal event code: MM4A Ref document number: E019784 Country of ref document: EE Effective date: 20230131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP Effective date: 20230131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NO Ref legal event code: MMEP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20230201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SK Ref legal event code: MM4A Ref document number: E 35313 Country of ref document: SK Effective date: 20230120 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 1283897 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20230120 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20230120 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20230131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230121 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230720 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230201 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230801 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230121 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230726 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230121 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230804 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SI Ref legal event code: KO00 Effective date: 20231020 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230120 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230131 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20240402 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230121 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230121 |