EP2523053B1 - Hairspring for sprung balance - Google Patents
Hairspring for sprung balance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2523053B1 EP2523053B1 EP12180170.8A EP12180170A EP2523053B1 EP 2523053 B1 EP2523053 B1 EP 2523053B1 EP 12180170 A EP12180170 A EP 12180170A EP 2523053 B1 EP2523053 B1 EP 2523053B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hairspring
- blades
- balance
- plan
- exécution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001075 Nivarox Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008065 Si-SiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006405 Si—SiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hairspring for a sprung balance resonator.
- the aim of the present invention is to benefit from the advantages of this solution by overcoming, at least in part, the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the subject of this invention is a hairspring for a sprung balance resonator according to claim 1.
- FIG. 1 The first embodiment of the hairspring which is the subject of the invention is illustrated by figure 1 .
- This flat hairspring comprises two blades 1a, 1b wound in the same direction, but with an offset of 2 ⁇ / 2, ie 180 °.
- the respective internal ends of these blades 1a, 1b are integral with a ferrule 2 and their external ends are integral with a fixing ring 3. These external ends are also angularly offset by 180 °.
- the fixing ring 3 of the outer ends of the blades 1a, 1b of the hairspring has an opening 3a to allow its attachment to the balance bridge. This fixing ring 3 therefore replaces the traditional eyebolt.
- the two blades 1a, 1b of the hairspring must not touch each other during their contraction and expansion. This risk increases with the amplitude. This risk can therefore be reduced by limiting the amplitude.
- the height of the blade of the hairspring could also be varied.
- thermo-compensation of the balance-spring is obtained by the formation, on the surface of the blades of the balance-spring, of a layer of amorphous silicon oxide, whose thermal coefficient of Young's modulus is of the opposite sign to that of monocrystalline silicon, as described in EP 1 422 436 .
- This layer of amorphous silicon oxide allows compensation of the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus regardless of the crystallographic orientation of Si, (100), (111) or (110).
- the number of blades forming the hairspring is not limited to two.
- various other solutions such as that illustrated by figure 5 which is a variant of that of the figure 1 , but which comprises three blades 1a, 1b and 1c attached on the one hand to the ferrule 2 and on the other hand to the fixing ring 3.
- the internal and external ends of these blades are angularly offset, with respect to each other. others, at an angle 2 ⁇ / 3.
- This angular offset will advantageously be 2 ⁇ / n, n corresponding to the number of blades.
- the blades forming the hairspring are attached to each other by their two respective ends.
- the embodiment illustrated by figure 6 represents a hairspring with two blades 1a, 1b attached only by their internal ends to the ferrule 2. Their external ends are free, which allows to exert, on the two blades, a pre-tension in one direction or the other, in order to adjust the isochronism in particular.
- one can have a hairspring comprising four blades, two blades 1a, 1b arranged between the ferrule 2 and an intermediate ring 4 to which their outer ends are fixed and two blades 1c, 1d arranged between the intermediate ring and the fixing ring 3.
- the intermediate ring 4 As light as possible, its structure can be hollowed out to reduce its mass as much as possible.
- the internal blades 1a, 1b and the external blades 1c, 1d can all be wound in the same direction as illustrated by figure 7 , or the internal blades 1a, 1b can be wound in the opposite direction of the external blades 1c, 1d, as illustrated by figure 8 .
- thermo-compensation of the hairspring is then obtained by the formation of an amorphous silicon oxide layer on the surface of the hairspring blades, by heat treatment for example.
- Other suitable materials, adapted to the methods of manufacture allowing the production of a hairspring in a plane are likely to be used.
- UV-lithographic processes such as UV-LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanmaschine und Abformung) could also make it possible to produce the type of hairspring which is the subject of the present invention in a metal alloy.
- the two blades 1a, 1b are produced on an SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator, figures 10a , 10b ), which consists of a stack of layers of Si-SiO 2 -Si.
- a blade 1a is etched from the outer face of one of the layers of Si and the other blade 1b is etched from the outer face of the second layer of Si.
- the inner ends of the two blades are made integral by the intermediate layer 8 of SiO 2 .
- the advantage of this embodiment is to reduce the diameter of the hairspring, because the distance between two neighboring turns is increased. This advantage is even more pronounced if we extend the hairspring vertically as in the figure 10 .
- the figure 11 illustrates another variant of figures 10a , 10b , in which the internal ends of the blades 1a, 1b are integral with the same ferrule, while their external ends are integral with the intermediate layer 5 of SiO 2 .
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un spiral pour résonateur balancier-spiral.The present invention relates to a hairspring for a sprung balance resonator.
On sait que le centre de gravité d'un spiral plat se déplace pendant le mouvement oscillant du balancier. Ceci est dû au fait que l'une des extrémités du spiral est fixe, tandis que l'autre se déplace en restant toujours à la même distance de l'axe de balancier. Ce déplacement du centre de gravité à une influence sur l'isochronisme, du fait qu'il engendre des forces latérales sur les pivots de l'axe de balancier.We know that the center of gravity of a flat hairspring moves during the oscillating movement of the balance. This is due to the fact that one end of the hairspring is fixed, while the other moves while always remaining at the same distance from the balance axis. This displacement of the center of gravity has an influence on isochronism, because it generates lateral forces on the pivots of the balance axis.
Abraham-Louis Breguet eu l'idée de munir le spiral plat d'une ou deux courbes terminales permettant de remédier à ce défaut. Cette courbe a été ensuite théorisée par Ed. Phillips.Abraham-Louis Breguet had the idea of fitting the flat hairspring with one or two end curves to remedy this defect. This curve was then theorized by Ed. Phillips.
Avant la solution imaginée par Breguet et Phillips, T. Mudge avait proposé d'utiliser deux spiraux solidaires d'un même balancier et décalés de 180°. Les spiraux travaillant en synchronisme, mais en opposition de phase, les variations de leurs centres de gravité respectifs se compensent, mais leur décalage axial crée cependant un léger couple dans un plan contenant l'axe de balancier. Cette solution a été reprise dans des réalisations récentes.Before the solution devised by Breguet and Phillips, T. Mudge had proposed using two springs attached to the same balance and offset by 180 °. The springs working in synchronism, but in phase opposition, the variations in their respective centers of gravity compensate each other, but their axial offset nevertheless creates a slight torque in a plane containing the balance axis. This solution has been taken up in recent achievements.
Le problème de cette solution réside dans le fait qu'il faut deux spiraux superposés, augmentant la hauteur, deux pitons et deux porte-pitons décalés de 180° autour de l'axe de balancier, deux raquettes et que chaque spiral doit être réglé en parfait synchronisme avec l'autre, conduisant à une solution extrêmement complexe et difficile à mettre au point. En plus du fait qu'elle double le nombre de pièces.The problem with this solution lies in the fact that you need two superimposed hairsprings, increasing the height, two eyebolts and two eyebolts offset by 180 ° around the balance axis, two rackets and that each hairspring must be adjusted in perfect synchronism with the other, leading to an extremely complex and difficult solution to develop. In addition to the fact that it doubles the number of pieces.
Cette solution a été reprise dans plusieurs publications, notamment dans le US 3'553'956, dans le FR 2'447'571, ainsi que dans le CN 1'677'283. Les documents
Le but de la présente invention est de bénéficier des avantages de cette solution en remédiant, au moins en partie, aux inconvénients susmentionnés.The aim of the present invention is to benefit from the advantages of this solution by overcoming, at least in part, the aforementioned drawbacks.
A cet effet, cette invention a pour objet un spiral pour résonateur balancier-spiral selon la revendication 1.To this end, the subject of this invention is a hairspring for a sprung balance resonator according to
Les dessins annexés illustrent, schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, plusieurs formes d'exécution du spiral objet de la présente invention. Il convient de souligner que, dans ce qui suit, les deuxième, quatrième, septième, huitième et neuvième formes d'exécution ne sont pas des modes de réalisation de l'invention, mais des exemples qui ne sont pas compris dans la portée des revendications annexées. Ces exemples sont utiles pour comprendre l'invention.
- La
figure 1 est une vue en plan de la première forme d'exécution; - la
figure 2 est une vue en plan de la deuxième forme d'exécution; - la
figure 3 est un diagramme de variation du pas du spiral en fonction des tours depuis le centre vers l'extérieur pour la forme d'exécution de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 4 est un diagramme de variation de l'épaisseur le long de la lame en fonction des tours depuis le centre vers l'extérieur pour la forme d'exécution de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 5 est une vue en plan de la troisième forme d'exécution; - la
figure 6 est une vue en plan de la quatrième forme d'exécution; - la
figure 7 est une vue en plan de la cinquième forme d'exécution; - la
figure 8 est une vue en plan de la sixième forme d'exécution; - la
figure 9 est une vue en élévation de la septième forme d'exécution; - les
figures 10a ,10b sont des vues en élévation de deux variantes de la huitième forme d'exécution; - la
figure 11 est une vue en élévation d'une neuvième forme d'exécution.
- The
figure 1 is a plan view of the first embodiment; - the
figure 2 is a plan view of the second embodiment; - the
figure 3 is a diagram of the variation of the pitch of the hairspring as a function of the turns from the center to the outside for the embodiment of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 4 is a diagram of the variation of the thickness along the blade as a function of the turns from the center to the outside for the embodiment of thefigure 2 ; - the
figure 5 is a plan view of the third embodiment; - the
figure 6 is a plan view of the fourth embodiment; - the
figure 7 is a plan view of the fifth embodiment; - the
figure 8 is a plan view of the sixth embodiment; - the
figure 9 is an elevational view of the seventh embodiment; - the
figures 10a ,10b are elevational views of two variants of the eighth embodiment; - the
figure 11 is an elevational view of a ninth embodiment.
La première forme d'exécution du spiral objet de l'invention est illustrée par la
Les deux lames la, 1b du spiral ne doivent pas se toucher pendant leur contraction et leur expansion. Ce risque augmente avec l'amplitude. On peut donc réduire ce risque en limitant l'amplitude. Avantageusement cependant, on peut aussi augmenter le diamètre du spiral.The two
Une autre solution encore est celle qui consiste à faire varier le pas des spires et l'épaisseur des lames. C'est ce que montre la forme d'exécution de la
En variante on pourrait aussi faire varier la hauteur de la lame du spiral.As a variant, the height of the blade of the hairspring could also be varied.
Dans le cas de spiraux en silicium mono-cristallin, matériau susceptible d'être utilisé pour la réalisation du spiral objet de l'invention, la thermo-compensation du spiral est obtenue par la formation, à la surface des lames du spiral, d'une couche d'oxyde de silicium amorphe, dont le coefficient thermique du module d'Young est de signe opposé à celui du silicium mono-cristallin, comme décrit dans le
Le nombre de lames formant le spiral n'est pas limité à deux. On peut imaginer en variante diverses autres solutions, telle que celle illustrée par la
Des simulations effectuées sur la base des spiraux des
Dans les formes d'exécutions décrites jusqu'ici, les lames formant le spiral sont rattachées les unes aux autres par leurs deux extrémités respectives. La forme d'exécution illustrée par la
D'autres variantes utilisant le même concept, à savoir un spiral à plusieurs lames coplanaires décalées angulairement et rattachées par au moins une de leurs extrémités homologues respectives sont envisageables.Other variants using the same concept, namely a hairspring with several coplanar blades angularly offset and connected by at least one of their respective homologous ends are possible.
C'est ainsi que l'on peut avoir un spiral comportant quatre lames, deux lames la, 1b disposées entre la virole 2 et un anneau intermédiaire 4 auquel leurs extrémités externes sont fixées et deux lames 1c, 1d disposées entre l'anneau intermédiaire et l'anneau de fixation 3. Pour rendre l'anneau intermédiaire 4 le plus léger possible, sa structure peut être évidée pour en réduire le plus possible sa masse.Thus one can have a hairspring comprising four blades, two
Les lames internes la, 1b et les lames externes 1c, 1d peuvent être toutes enroulées dans le même sens comme illustré par la
Il est évident que d'innombrables autres combinaisons peuvent être envisagées pour autant qu'elles entrent dans la portée des revendications annexées.It is obvious that innumerable other combinations can be envisaged as long as they fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Il est aussi évident que la conception nouvelle du spiral objet de l'invention ne se prête pas à la fabrication selon les procédés traditionnels des spiraux de type Nivarox/Parachrom.It is also obvious that the new design of the balance spring which is the subject of the invention does not lend itself to the manufacture according to the traditional methods of the Nivarox / Parachrom type balance springs.
Dans le cas présent, un procédé tout à fait adapté à la fabrication du spiral objet de l'invention est notamment celui décrit dans le
On pourrait aussi utiliser un monocristal de quartz usiné de la même manière ou par usinage chimique. D'autres matériaux appropriés, adaptés aux modes de fabrication permettant la réalisation d'un spiral dans un plan sont susceptibles d'être utilisés.One could also use a quartz single crystal machined in the same way or by chemical machining. Other suitable materials, adapted to the methods of manufacture allowing the production of a hairspring in a plane are likely to be used.
L'utilisation de procédés photo-lithographiques tel que le UV-LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanisierung und Abformung) pourrait aussi permettre de réaliser le type de spiral objet de la présente invention en alliage métallique.The use of photo-lithographic processes such as UV-LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanisierung und Abformung) could also make it possible to produce the type of hairspring which is the subject of the present invention in a metal alloy.
Le procédé de fabrication ne fait pas partie de la présente invention. Les exemples de procédés, non limitatifs, énumérés ci-dessus à titre d'exemple, sont seulement destinés à montrer que les moyens techniques pour réaliser le nouveau type de spiral objet de l'invention existent déjà et que l'homme de l'art possède un éventail de possibilités pour réaliser ce spiral.The manufacturing process does not form part of the present invention. The examples of non-limiting methods, listed above by way of example, are only intended to show that the technical means for producing the new type of hairspring which is the subject of the invention already exist and that those skilled in the art has a range of possibilities for making this hairspring.
Lorsque l'on parle de spiral plat, il s'agit du spiral tel qu'il est obtenu. Cependant rien n'empêche, notamment dans la forme d'exécution de la
Selon un autre exemple les deux lames 1a, 1b sont réalisées sur un wafer SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator,
La
Claims (8)
- A hairspring for a balance wheel/hairspring resonator, which hairspring comprises n blades (1a, 1b, 1c), where n ≥ 2, wound in spirals with an angular offset capable of neutralizing the lateral forces likely to be exerted on its central arbor when one of the ends of each blade is moved angularly about said central arbor relative to its other end, the blades being fastened to each other via their respective inner ends, the hairspring for a balance wheel/hairspring resonator being characterized in that the blades are fastened to each other in a single part at their respective outer ends.
- The hairspring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blades are coplanar.
- The hairspring as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the pitch of the blades is variable.
- The hairspring as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of the blades is variable.
- The hairspring as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the height of the blades is variable.
- The hairspring as claimed in one of the preceding claims, which is formed from single-crystal silicon.
- The hairspring as claimed in claim 6, wherein the single-crystal silicon is covered with a layer of amorphous silicon oxide.
- The hairspring as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, which is formed from quartz.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12180170.8A EP2523053B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08405188.7A EP2151722B8 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Hairspring for balance-spring resonator |
EP12180170.8A EP2523053B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
EP09405126.5A EP2154583B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
Related Parent Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09405126.5 Division | 2009-07-24 | ||
EP09405126.5A Division-Into EP2154583B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
EP09405126.5A Division EP2154583B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2523053A1 EP2523053A1 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
EP2523053B1 true EP2523053B1 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
Family
ID=40344824
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08405188.7A Active EP2151722B8 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Hairspring for balance-spring resonator |
EP12180170.8A Active EP2523053B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
EP09405126.5A Active EP2154583B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08405188.7A Active EP2151722B8 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2008-07-29 | Hairspring for balance-spring resonator |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09405126.5A Active EP2154583B1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2009-07-24 | Hairspring for sprung balance |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8002460B2 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2151722B8 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5474432B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN102520605B (en) |
CH (1) | CH699178B1 (en) |
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EP3654111B1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-02-16 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Method for measuring the torque of a clock hairspring and device for such method of measurement |
JP6908064B2 (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-07-21 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Watch parts, watch movements and watches |
EP3839656B1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-12-13 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Horological balance |
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2008
- 2008-07-29 EP EP08405188.7A patent/EP2151722B8/en active Active
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2009
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- 2009-07-28 CN CN201110428053.XA patent/CN102520605B/en active Active
- 2009-07-28 CN CN2009101669163A patent/CN101639661B/en active Active
- 2009-07-29 US US12/511,420 patent/US8002460B2/en active Active
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CN102520605A (en) | 2012-06-27 |
EP2154583B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
CN102520605B (en) | 2014-02-26 |
EP2154583A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
JP2010032522A (en) | 2010-02-12 |
JP5474432B2 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
JP2014089214A (en) | 2014-05-15 |
EP2151722B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
CN101639661B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
CH699178B1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
CN101639661A (en) | 2010-02-03 |
EP2523053A1 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
EP2151722A1 (en) | 2010-02-10 |
US8393783B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 |
JP5657152B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
US20100027382A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
CH699178A2 (en) | 2010-01-29 |
US20110249537A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
EP2151722B8 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
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