Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
  • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a power supply device.
• Motor vehicles with hybrid drive, and hybrid vehicles ge ⁇ Nannt for example, have an internal combustion engine, one or more electric machines and one or more electrochemical energy storage. Electric vehicles with
• Fuel cells generally consist of a fuel cell for energy conversion, a tank for liquid or gaseous energy carriers, an electrochemical and / or electrostatic energy storage and one or more electrical machines for the drive.
• the electrical machine of the hybrid vehicle is running in the Re ⁇ gel as a starter / generator and / or electric drive.
• a starter / generator it replaces the normally existing starter and alternator.
• an additional Drehmo ⁇ ment that is an accelerating torque to be contributed to the advancement of the driving ⁇ tool of the electrical machine.
• As a generator it allows a recuperation of braking energy as electrical energy in the energy storage and the on-board ⁇ supply network.
• the control of the energy flow takes place via an electronic, generally called hybrid controller. This regulates, among other things, whether and in what amount the energy storage energy to be removed or supplied.
• the energy extraction from the fuel cell or the energy storage is generally used for representing drive power and for supplying the vehicle electrical system.
• the energy supply is used to charge the memory or for the conversion of braking energy into electrical energy, ie the regenerative braking. As energy suppliers and storage, the most diverse are
• Energy sources in question such as fuel cells, special capacitors and a wide range of galvanic elements, in particular on secondary galvanic elements - accumulators. It is important to achieve the best possible balance between volume, weight, lifespan and costs.
• the discharge of galvanic elements is independent of the underlying electrochemistry, typically characterized by 3 phases at a Energyent ⁇ acquisition.
• Loading ⁇ start of the current load (Stage 1) is characterized by a virtually instantaneous voltage drop. This is followed by a constant voltage curve with quasi-continuous loading (phase 2).
• a voltage drop at the end of the discharge phase (Phase 3) by depletion of the starting materials in holding ⁇ the electrochemical reaction characterizes the final discharge and defines the lowermost limit of the cell discharge, commonly known as cut-off voltage or discharge voltage (Us) ⁇
• An excessive discharge under the discharge voltage is considered to be deep discharge and can perform the high load of the active material to reaction ver ⁇ reinforced aging and premature decrease in capacity.
• Object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device to a power source of the type ge ⁇ called, in which these disadvantages do not th occurring.
• the object is achieved in particular by a Energyver ⁇ sorgungs adopted with a voltage-providing power source and a with this electrically connected to monitoring device that attaches to the power source in current drain from the power source voltage, current and temperature and falls below a turn-off threshold for the voltage, the current draw interrupts, the Abschaltgrenzwert depends on the temperature at the power source and / or the current.
• FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary construction of a power supply device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the typical curve course during the discharge of a battery, subdivided into 3 phases
• FIG. 3 shows in a diagram the dependence of the discharge starting voltage on the discharge current (current rate C);
• FIG. 4 shows in a diagram the dependence of the initial voltage on the temperature with a discharge current of IC;
• FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the adaptation of the switch-off limit value as a function of the discharge current and corresponding to the discharge starting voltage (U a ),
• FIG. 6 shows in a diagram the influence of the temperature and the discharge current on the discharge starting voltage (U a ) and
• FIG. 7 shows in a table the respective calculated dynamic switch-off limit values taking into account the temperature and discharge current.
• a power supply device is an example, as a fuel cell, lead storage battery, nickel-zinc battery, double layer capacitor, lithium-air battery, zinc-air battery, aluminum-air battery, nickel-metal ⁇ hydride Battery or lithium-ion battery running and in the following briefly referred to only as battery 1 energy ⁇ source via a controllable switch 2 connected to a load 3 on.
• the switch 2 is controlled by a surveil ⁇ monitoring device 4, which contains inter alia, a compati- rator.
• the associated cut-off limit value is then unchanged by means of the interpolation unit 7 passed to the comparator 5.
• the two closest to the values are read from the table and used in the interpolation unit 7 by means of, for example, linear
• phase 1 The beginning of the current load (phase 1) is therefore characterized by a virtually instantaneous voltage dip.
• This voltage drop AU is defined by the change in the load current ⁇ and the internal resistance R ⁇ of the energy source according to Ohm's law.
• the constant voltage curve at quasi-continuous loading ⁇ utilization (Phase 2) is lenchemie depending on the cell size, Zel- and load of the cell (battery) through a con tinuous ⁇ voltage drop with more or less high drop of the cell voltages in.
• the voltage drop at the end of the discharge phase (Phase 3), which characterizes the Entladeverlauf, stems from the fact that the electrochemical starting materials (electrolyte, active Materi ⁇ al the anode and cathode) by the typical cell electrochemical reaction during discharge largely converted have been set. Due to the exhaustion of Cinsstof ⁇ Fe, the drop in voltage compared to phase 2 increases significantly. The voltage across the cell breaks down relatively quickly. This phase defines the lowest limit of the cell discharge, commonly known as cut-off voltage or discharge voltage (U s ). Too much discharge below the discharge end voltage is considered to be a deep discharge and can lead to increased aging and capacity reduction due to the high load on the active reaction material.
• U s cut-off voltage
• the battery voltage U is at low temperatures and high discharge voltages due to the high voltage drop at the beginning of the discharge only just above the discharge final voltage U s (cut-off), whereby the energy extraction is severely limited.
• the dependence of the voltage U from the decision charging current I (C-rate) and the temperature are ⁇ 3 and 4 in the figures, where U 0 is the open circuit voltage of Batte ⁇ rie, U a the Entlade frustratingsbond, R whose internal resistance, AU a voltage change , ⁇ denotes a current change and U s just the discharge end voltage.
• a "dynamic" switch-off limit is provided as a function of the current operating temperature and of the discharge current.
• This dynamization of the switch-off threshold value for the energy source as a function of operating conditions allows the energy source to provide substantially more power, in particular at low temperatures and high current loads refer, without which their capacity needs to be increased, thereby weight costs can be saved for example in hybrid or electric vehicles to a considerable extent without the energy source (domestic sbesondere if this is a battery) to a bigger al ⁇ tern.
• the internal resistance of an exemplarily considered cell of any energy source is dependent on the temperature of the cell. At low temperatures, the internal resistance R increases more or less strongly depending on the electrochemical structure of the cells.
• the internal resistance R essentially defines the voltage drop at the beginning of the discharge.
• This high voltage drop at the beginning of discharge (Phase 1) according to the invention by adjusting the voltage of discharge ⁇ (disconnection threshold) as a function of temperature aktuel ⁇ len ⁇ of the cell considered.
• This adjustment of the discharge end voltage consistently takes into account the increase in the internal resistance R, but without causing a higher load due to higher consumption of the reactants compared to nominal operating conditions (nominal temperature and nominal current) and associated aging.
• a second aspect of the dynamization according to the invention is directed to the load current. This takes into account that the battery at higher currents and constant internal resistance according to Ohm's law also causes a corresponding height ⁇ ren voltage drop at the beginning of the discharge. This becomes clear from FIG.
• the initial voltage U a is linearly dependent on the discharge current I.
• the dynamization of the switch-off limit value does not lead to additional aging of the cell, since the load on the active material is kept constant compared with the nominal conditions.
• the Entla ⁇ detician of the battery particularly at low temperatures significantly increased and thereby any necessary increase in cell number or Zellenka- capacity prevented leading to savings hinsich ⁇ tlich price, volume and weight. It may be pre ⁇ see that the trip limit once, in limited hours ⁇ th time intervals or continuously horritzin- by external measuring equipment or by the monitoring device 4 itself least of current and voltage is determined.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2010
  • 2010-01-08 DE DE102010004216A patent/DE102010004216A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-22 WO PCT/EP2010/070572 patent/WO2011083051A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-12-22 CN CN2010800608322A patent/CN102687366A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-12-22 US US13/520,720 patent/US20120286591A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-12-22 KR KR1020127020837A patent/KR20120123410A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-12-22 EP EP10800935A patent/EP2522061A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-22 JP JP2012547481A patent/JP2013516951A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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