EP2520430B1 - Method for detecting configuration errors in a sheet printing device - Google Patents

Method for detecting configuration errors in a sheet printing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2520430B1
EP2520430B1 EP12165476.8A EP12165476A EP2520430B1 EP 2520430 B1 EP2520430 B1 EP 2520430B1 EP 12165476 A EP12165476 A EP 12165476A EP 2520430 B1 EP2520430 B1 EP 2520430B1
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Prior art keywords
sheet
printing
contour
imaging system
printing press
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EP12165476.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2520430A1 (en
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Stefan Billmaier
Werner Huber
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/04—Tripping devices or stop-motions
    • B41F33/14—Automatic control of tripping devices by feelers, photoelectric devices, pneumatic devices, or other detectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F21/00—Devices for conveying sheets through printing apparatus or machines
    • B41F21/12—Adjusting leading edges, e.g. front stops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F21/00—Devices for conveying sheets through printing apparatus or machines
    • B41F21/14—Adjusting lateral edges, e.g. side stops

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining Einstelltationem in a sheetfed press, wherein the geometry of the continuous sheet is recorded by an imaging system and compared for evaluation with target geometries.
  • the DE 103 12 162 A1 as well as the EP 1 155 854 A2 are means for monitoring the sheet travel described with which the sheet travel is spatially monitored by cameras that look laterally on the sheet edge and thereby determine, for example, whether the continuous sheet remains within predetermined boundary positions at a distance from the cylinder surface and the sheet guiding devices.
  • These monitoring devices are thus designed specifically for the one purpose they serve, namely to determine the spatial position of the sheet, and can not be used to determine other setting errors z. B. be used on the gripper bar.
  • a moving mitbewegter with the sensor sensor detects the position and inclination of the sheet in space and in the US 7,481,429 B2 a signal processing electronics for sheet sensors is described.
  • misadjustments mentioned can be obtained without pressure plates which have been specially used with measuring marks for measuring the sheet travel. Furthermore, a camera already included in the printing machine or a line sensor can be used to determine setting errors of the machine, which is primarily intended for other purposes, for example, for the color control or the quality assurance of the sheet.
  • the inventive method is carried out with relatively little effort, because it is essentially only a camera needed, which is attached to designated locations on the respective printing units and the signal is connected to the control of the printing press.
  • the setting errors in the relevant printing unit can then be identified from the measured geometric deviations. It is not even necessary to print the sheet with an image or patterns for this, but it is sufficient to run white unprinted sheets possibly at different speeds through the machine.
  • FIG. 1 schematically a sheet-fed printing machine 5 is shown, the printing units 3 and 4, wherein it can also be a coating unit in the printing unit 4.
  • the printing press 5 has even more printing units for the various colors to be printed, which are not shown for reasons of simplicity in the figure.
  • the printed by the printing machine sheets 7 are stored in the boom 6 at the end of the printing machine 5 on a stack.
  • a camera 2 is mounted, which detects the image resting on the impression cylinder 13 of the printing unit 3 sheet while it is transported by the impression cylinder 13 in the gripper closure in the direction of the next printing unit 4 and taken over by a transferter 15 and the impression cylinder 14 of the printing unit or coating unit 4 is transferred.
  • the camera 2 is used to inspect the printed image on the sheet and recorded at intervals of the frame rate each strip-shaped sections over the entire width of the sheet, which are assembled in sheet travel direction to form an image of the entire sheet.
  • a spectral line sensor 1 is installed, via which the spectral remission of the color printed sheet is detected for the purpose of ink fountain control.
  • the sensor line 1 extends either over the entire sheet width or consists of shorter individual lines, which are set side by side or can be moved to specific color zones.
  • Both imaging systems, the camera 2 and the sensor line 1, are connected to the controller 8 of the printing press 5. Their signals are subjected there by a transmitter various types of filtering and arithmetic operations, before the result of the computer contained in the controller 8 in control and control signals for quality assurance on the one hand and for the ink zone control on the other hand prepared and on the screen 9 optionally the operator of the printing press is shown.
  • the camera 2 and the sensor line 1 it is now also possible to detect the contours of the printed sheet passing under the camera 2 or the sensor line 1.
  • the signals of the pixels of the camera 2 or of the line sensor 1, which lie on the edge of the image field, are required for imaging the sheet side edge.
  • the signals that the camera 2 and the sensor line 1 provides when this edge is running straight through the image field which is achieved by a suitable synchronization of camera or sensor with the so-called machine angle, ie the angular position of the impression cylinders 13 and 14.
  • This machine angle is known to the controller 8, which communicates with one or more encoders in the gear train of the printing press.
  • FIG. 2 The typical contour 19 of the edges of a sheet passing through the printing machine 5, as seen by either the camera 2 or the sensor 1, is shown.
  • the sharp, high-contrast outline is obtained because the image signals were subjected to edge filtering by a Sobel filter on the one hand and to a contrast enhancement threshold operation on the other hand.
  • the contours of the 18 grippers In the area of the sheet leading edge can be seen the contours of the 18 grippers, with which the continuous sheet is held on the impression cylinder 13 and 14 respectively.
  • Outline 19 shown now has some irregularities compared to an ideal rectangle, which are explained in more detail in the following figures.

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  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Einstellfehlem in einer Bogendruckmaschine, bei dem die Geometrie des durchlaufenden Druckbogens von einem bildgebenden System aufgenommen und zur Auswertung mit Soll-Geometrien verglichen wird.The invention relates to a method for determining Einstellfehlem in a sheetfed press, wherein the geometry of the continuous sheet is recorded by an imaging system and compared for evaluation with target geometries.

Es ist bereits seit geraumer Zeit bekannt, in den Druckwerken von Bogendruckmaschinen bildgebende Systeme wie z. B. Videokameras oder Zeilensensoren vorzusehen, von denen Bilder der darunter hindurch laufenden Druckbögen inline gewonnen und für verschiedenste Zwecke ausgewertet werden. Hauptanwendungsfälle hier sind zum einen die Farbregelung bzw. Steuerung der Farbgebung aufgrund festgestellter spektraler Farbdifferenzen im Sujet zum Soll-Bild, sowie zum anderen das Detektieren von Fehlern im Druckbild, wie z. B. Butzen oder Kratzer. In diesem zweiten Falle wird das bildgebende System zur Qualitätssicherung benutzt, um die Bögen oder Teile davon zu identifizieren, die nicht verkaufbar und gegebenenfalls auszusondern sind. Auch hierbei wird das Sujet mit einer fehlerfreien Referenz verglichen.It has been known for some time, in the printing of sheet-fed printing machines imaging systems such. As video cameras or line sensors to provide, of which images of the undergoing sheets are obtained inline and evaluated for various purposes. Main applications here are on the one hand, the color control or color control due to detected spectral color differences in the subject to the target image, as well as the detection of errors in the printed image, such. B. slugs or scratches. In this second case, the quality assurance imaging system is used to identify the sheets or portions thereof that are unsortable and possibly to be discarded. Again, the subject is compared with an error-free reference.

Des Weiteren ist es bekannt, mit Kameras oder Sensoren die Lage der in Bogendruckmaschinen transportierten Bögen zu detektieren, um Registerfehler an verschiedenen Stellen der Maschine zu erkennen und gegebenenfalls durch Verlagerung von Anschlägen, Greifern, etc. zu korrigieren (Schrägbogenkorrektur, Seitenregister, Umfangsregister). Solche Systeme, die die Lage von Bogenkanten auswerten, sind beispielsweise in der EP 1 952 986 A1 , der DE 199 10 244 A1 , der DE 14 64 66 A1 sowie der DE 10 2006 061 431 A1 beschrieben.Furthermore, it is known to detect with cameras or sensors, the position of the sheets transported in sheetfed presses to detect register errors at different points of the machine and possibly correct by displacement of stops, grippers, etc. (oblique sheet correction, page register, circumferential register). Such systems that evaluate the position of sheet edges, for example, in the EP 1 952 986 A1 , of the DE 199 10 244 A1 , of the DE 14 64 66 A1 as well as the DE 10 2006 061 431 A1 described.

Aus der DE 197 47 728 ist es bekannt, Verformungen oder Relativbewegungen des Bedruckstoffs beim Durchlauf durch die Druckmaschine in Form von schematischen Abbildungen sichtbar zu machen. Dazu werden mehrere Messfelder aus verschiedenfarbigen Teilmesselementen auf speziell für diesen Zweck belichteten Druckplatten angeordnet und dann die verschiedenfarbig gedruckten Messfelder in ihrer Lage zueinander durch eine Videokamera aufgenommen und ausgewertet, um daraus auf Probleme beim Durchlauf des Bogens durch die Druckmaschine zu schließen.From the DE 197 47 728 It is known to make deformations or relative movements of the printing material as it passes through the printing machine in the form of schematic illustrations visible. For this purpose, several measuring fields of differently colored partial measuring elements are exposed on specially for this purpose Placed printing plates and then recorded the differently colored printed fields in their position to each other by a video camera and evaluated in order to conclude from problems in the passage of the sheet through the printing press.

Bei diesem Verfahren werden spezielle Druckplatten benötigt und es muss Papier bedruckt werden, um die beim Bogenlauf auftretenden Fehler durch Auswertung der bedruckten , Bögen zu erkennen.Special printing plates are required in this process and paper must be printed to detect the errors that occur during sheet travel by evaluating the printed sheets.

In der DE 103 12 162 A1 sowie der EP 1 155 854 A2 sind Einrichtungen zur Überwachung des Bogenlaufs beschrieben, mit denen der Bogenlauf räumlich durch Kameras überwacht wird, die seitlich auf die Bogenkante blicken und dadurch beispielsweise feststellen können, ob der durchlaufende Druckbogen innerhalb vorgegebener Grenzlagen im Abstand zur Zylinderoberfläche bzw. den Bogenführungseinrichtungen bleibt. Diese Überwachungseinrichtungen sind somit speziell für den einen Zweck ausgebildet, dem sie dienen, nämlich die räumliche Lage des Bogens zu ermitteln, und können nicht zur Ermittlung anderer Einstellfehler z. B. an der Greiferbrücke eingesetzt werden. Des Weiteren ist aus der US 7,478,806 B2 ein mit dem Bogen mitbewegter Sensor bekannt, der die Lage und Neigung des Bogens im Raum erfasst und in der US 7,481,429 B2 ist eine Signalverarbeitungselektronik für Bogensensoren beschrieben.In the DE 103 12 162 A1 as well as the EP 1 155 854 A2 are means for monitoring the sheet travel described with which the sheet travel is spatially monitored by cameras that look laterally on the sheet edge and thereby determine, for example, whether the continuous sheet remains within predetermined boundary positions at a distance from the cylinder surface and the sheet guiding devices. These monitoring devices are thus designed specifically for the one purpose they serve, namely to determine the spatial position of the sheet, and can not be used to determine other setting errors z. B. be used on the gripper bar. Furthermore, from the US 7,478,806 B2 a moving mitbewegter with the sensor sensor detects the position and inclination of the sheet in space and in the US 7,481,429 B2 a signal processing electronics for sheet sensors is described.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem auf einfache Weise mit einer im Wesentlichen senkrecht zur Bogenfläche ausgerichteten bildgebenden System Einstellfehler in den Druckwerken einer Bogendruckmaschine erkannt werden können.It is the object of the invention to specify a method with which adjustment errors in the printing units of a sheet-fed printing machine can be detected in a simple manner with an imaging system oriented substantially perpendicular to the sheet surface.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen gelöst.This object is achieved with the measures specified in claim 1.

Gemäß der Erfindung werden also im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Lösungen von dem auf die Bogenfläche gerichteten bildgebenden System die sichtbaren Konturen der Bogenränder zumindest teilweise erfasst und die Abweichungen der Bogenkonturen oder Konturstücke zu den Soll-Konturen des idealerweise rechteckigen Bogens gemessen. Aus diesen gemessenen Abweichungen kann dann mindestens auf einen der folgenden Einstellungsfehler der Maschine geschlossen werden:

  1. 1. Eine fehlerhafte Bogenübergabe aufgrund falscher Einstellung der den Bogen transportierenden Greiferbrücke,
  2. 2. auf das Abheben des Bogens vom Gegendruckzylinder aufgrund falscher Einstellung der Blasluft für die Bogenführung, und
  3. 3. auf einen fehlerhaften Radius des Gegendruckzylinders, über dem das bildgebende System angebracht ist, z. B. aufgrund falsch gewählter Zylinderaufzüge/Unterlegungen.
According to the invention, in contrast to the known solutions, the visible contours of the sheet edges are at least partially detected by the imaging system directed onto the sheet surface, and the deviations of the sheet contours or contour pieces are measured to the desired contours of the ideally rectangular arc. From these measured deviations at least one of the following setting errors of the machine can be concluded:
  1. 1. A faulty sheet transfer due to incorrect setting of the arch-transporting gripper bridge,
  2. 2. On the lifting of the sheet from the impression cylinder due to incorrect adjustment of the blowing air for the bowing, and
  3. 3. on a defective radius of the impression cylinder over which the imaging system is mounted, for. B. due to incorrectly selected cylinder lifts / underlays.

Die genannten Fehleinstellungen können dabei gewonnen werden, ohne dass speziell mit Messmarken für die Vermessung des Bogenlaufs belichtete Druckplatten zum Einsatz kommen. Des Weiteren kann zur Ermittlung von Einstellfehlern der Maschine eine bereits in die Druckmaschine enthaltene Kamera oder ein Zeilensensor verwendet werden, der primär für andere Zwecke vorgesehen ist, beispielsweise für die Farbregelung oder die Qualitätssicherung des Bogens.The misadjustments mentioned can be obtained without pressure plates which have been specially used with measuring marks for measuring the sheet travel. Furthermore, a camera already included in the printing machine or a line sensor can be used to determine setting errors of the machine, which is primarily intended for other purposes, for example, for the color control or the quality assurance of the sheet.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist mit einem verhältnismäßig geringen Aufwand durchzuführen, denn es wird im Wesentlichen nur eine Kamera benötigt, die an dafür vorgesehenen Stellen an den jeweiligen Druckwerken befestigt wird und dessen Signal mit der Steuerung der Druckmaschine verbunden wird. Über ein entsprechendes Diagnoseprogramm lassen sich dann aus den gemessenen Geometrieabweichungen die Einstellfehler in dem betreffenden Druckwerk identifizieren. Es ist nicht einmal erforderlich, hierfür den Bogen mit einem Bild oder mit Mustern zu bedrucken, vielmehr genügt es, weiße unbedruckte Bogen gegebenenfalls bei unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit durch die Maschine laufen zu lassen.The inventive method is carried out with relatively little effort, because it is essentially only a camera needed, which is attached to designated locations on the respective printing units and the signal is connected to the control of the printing press. By means of a corresponding diagnostic program, the setting errors in the relevant printing unit can then be identified from the measured geometric deviations. It is not even necessary to print the sheet with an image or patterns for this, but it is sufficient to run white unprinted sheets possibly at different speeds through the machine.

Zweckmäßig ist es, bei der Auswertung der Konturen des Bogenrandes speziell ausgewählte Abschnitte der Bogenkontur heranzuziehen, in denen sich die eingangs genannten Maschinenfehler niederschlagen. So können aus den Abständen der Konturstücke der Bogenvorderkante zwischen den Greifern zur Greiferhinterkante auf falsche Greiferöffnungszeitpunkte oder zu hoch oder zu tief liegende Greiferbrücken geschlossen werden. In ähnlicher Weise kann aus den Abweichungen der Konturstücke der Bogenvorderkante von einer Geraden auf Fehleinstellungen zwischen der Bogenankunftszeit und den Greiferschließzeiten geschlossen werden. Sodann kann der hintere Teil der seitlichen Bogenränder für eine Auswertung herangezogen werden, wobei aus einer scheinbaren Verbreiterung des Bogens zunehmend von dem Zeitpunkt an, an dem der Bogen den Druckspalt verlässt, auf das Ausmaß des Abhebens des Druckbogens vom Druckzylinder geschlossen wird. Des Weiteren äußert sich ein falscher Zylinderdurchmesser, beispielsweise hervorgerufen durch ungleichmäßige, zu dicke oder zu dünne Unterlegungen, in einem seitlichen Versatz der Kontur der Bogenseitenkanten und zwar zu dem Zeitpunkt, da die Bogenhinterkante den Druckspalt verlässt.It is expedient to use specially selected sections of the sheet contour in the evaluation of the contours of the sheet edge, in which the aforementioned machine errors are reflected. Thus, from the distances of the contour pieces of the sheet leading edge between the grippers to the gripper trailing edge on false gripper opening times or too high or too low lying gripper bridges can be concluded. Similarly, it can be concluded from the deviations of the contour pieces of the sheet leading edge of a straight line on incorrect settings between the Bogenankunftszeit and the gripper closing times. Then, the rear part of the lateral sheet edges can be used for an evaluation, wherein from an apparent broadening of the sheet increasingly from the time at which the sheet leaves the printing nip on the extent of lifting of the sheet closed by the pressure cylinder. Furthermore, a wrong cylinder diameter, caused for example by uneven, too thick or too thin underlays, manifests itself in a lateral offset of the contour of the sheet side edges at the time when the sheet trailing edge leaves the printing nip.

Für die Verbesserung der Auswertesignale ist es zweckmäßig, sie vor der Auswertung einer digitalen Kantenfilterung und gegebenenfalls Schwellwertoperationen zur Kontrastanhebung zu unterziehen.For the improvement of the evaluation signals, it is expedient to subject them before the evaluation of a digital edge filtering and optionally threshold value operations for contrast enhancement.

Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Figuren 1 bis 6 der beigefügten Zeichnungen.

Figur 1
zeigt die Prinzipskizze einer Druckmaschine mit einem bildgebenden System für die Inlineauswertung von Druckbögen während eines Druckauftrages.
Figur 2
zeigt das von der Kamera 2 aufgenommene Abbild des Bogens nach Kantenfilterung und Kontrastverbesserung.
Figur 3 und 4
zeigen vergrößerte Ausschnitte der Kontur der Bogenvorderkante bei unterschiedlichen Maschinenzuständen.
Figur 5
zeigt vergrößerte Ausschnitte der aufgenommenen Kontur der Bogenseitenkante im Bereich der Bogenhinterkante.
Figur 6
zeigt vergrößerte Ausschnitte der aufgenommenen Kontur der linken und rechten Bogenseitenkante zum Zeitpunkt, da die Bogenhinterkante den Druckspalt verlässt.
Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to FIG FIGS. 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1
shows the schematic diagram of a printing machine with an imaging system for the inline evaluation of sheets during a print job.
FIG. 2
shows the captured by the camera 2 image of the arc after edge filtering and contrast enhancement.
FIGS. 3 and 4
show enlarged sections of the contour of the sheet leading edge at different machine conditions.
FIG. 5
shows enlarged sections of the recorded contour of the sheet side edge in the region of the sheet trailing edge.
FIG. 6
shows enlarged sections of the recorded contour of the left and right sheet side edge at the time when the sheet trailing edge leaves the printing nip.

In Figur 1 ist schematisch eine Bogendruckmaschine 5 abgebildet, die Druckwerke 3 und 4 aufweist, wobei es sich bei dem Druckwerk 4 auch um ein Lackwerk handeln kann. Selbstverständlich besitzt die Druckmaschine 5 aber noch weitere Druckwerke für die verschiedenen zu druckenden Farben, die aus Gründen der Vereinfachung in der Figur nicht dargestellt sind. Die von der Druckmaschine bedruckten Bögen 7 werden im Ausleger 6 am Ende der Druckmaschine 5 auf einen Stapel abgelegt.In FIG. 1 schematically a sheet-fed printing machine 5 is shown, the printing units 3 and 4, wherein it can also be a coating unit in the printing unit 4. Of course, the printing press 5 has even more printing units for the various colors to be printed, which are not shown for reasons of simplicity in the figure. The printed by the printing machine sheets 7 are stored in the boom 6 at the end of the printing machine 5 on a stack.

Am Druckwerk 3 ist eine Kamera 2 angebracht, die den auf dem Gegendruckzylinder 13 des Druckwerks 3 aufliegenden Bogen bildmäßig erfasst, während er von dem Gegendruckzylinder 13 im Greiferschluss in Richtung auf das nächste Druckwerk 4 befördert wird und von einem Transferter 15 übernommen und an den Gegendruckzylinder 14 des Druckwerks oder Lackwerks 4 übergeben wird. Die Kamera 2 dient der Inspektion des auf den Bogen aufgedruckten Bildes und erfasst im Takte der Bildwechselfrequenz jeweils streifenförmige Abschnitte über die gesamte Breite des Bogens, die in Bogenlaufrichtung zu einem Bild des gesamten Bogens zusammengesetzt werden.At the printing unit 3, a camera 2 is mounted, which detects the image resting on the impression cylinder 13 of the printing unit 3 sheet while it is transported by the impression cylinder 13 in the gripper closure in the direction of the next printing unit 4 and taken over by a transferter 15 and the impression cylinder 14 of the printing unit or coating unit 4 is transferred. The camera 2 is used to inspect the printed image on the sheet and recorded at intervals of the frame rate each strip-shaped sections over the entire width of the sheet, which are assembled in sheet travel direction to form an image of the entire sheet.

Im Druckwerk 4 ist ein spektraler Zeilensensor 1 eingebaut, über den die spektrale Remission des farbig bedruckten Bogens zum Zwecke der Farbzonenregelung erfasst wird. Dazu erstreckt sich die Sensorzeile 1 entweder über die gesamte Bogenbreite oder besteht aus kürzeren Einzelzeilen, die nebeneinander gesetzt sind oder zu bestimmten Farbzonen hin verfahrbar sind.In the printing unit 4, a spectral line sensor 1 is installed, via which the spectral remission of the color printed sheet is detected for the purpose of ink fountain control. For this purpose, the sensor line 1 extends either over the entire sheet width or consists of shorter individual lines, which are set side by side or can be moved to specific color zones.

Beide bildgebenden Systeme, die Kamera 2 sowie die Sensorzeile 1, sind mit der Steuerung 8 der Druckmaschine 5 verbunden. Ihre Signale werden dort von einer Auswerteelektronik verschiedenartigen Filterungen und arithmetischen Operationen unterzogen, bevor das Ergebnis von dem in der Steuerung 8 enthaltenen Rechner in Steuer-und Regelsignale für die Qualitätssicherung einerseits und für die Farbzonensteuerung andererseits aufbereitet und auf dem Bildschirm 9 wahlweise dem Bediener der Druckmaschine angezeigt wird.Both imaging systems, the camera 2 and the sensor line 1, are connected to the controller 8 of the printing press 5. Their signals are subjected there by a transmitter various types of filtering and arithmetic operations, before the result of the computer contained in the controller 8 in control and control signals for quality assurance on the one hand and for the ink zone control on the other hand prepared and on the screen 9 optionally the operator of the printing press is shown.

Mit jedem der beiden bildgebenden Systeme, der Kamera 2 und der Sensorzeile 1, lassen sich nun auch die Konturen des unter der Kamera 2 bzw. der Sensorzeile 1 hindurchlaufenden Druckbogens erkennen. Hierbei werden zur Abbildung der Bogenseitenkante nur die Signale der Pixel der Kamera 2 bzw. des Zeilensensors 1 benötigt, die am Rande des Bildfelds liegen. Zur Abbildung der Vorder- und Hinterkante können die Signale herangezogen werden, die die Kamera 2 bzw. die Sensorzeile 1 liefert, wenn diese Kante gerade durch das Bildfeld läuft, was durch eine geeignete Synchronisation von Kamera bzw. Sensor mit dem sogenannten Maschinenwinkel erreicht wird, d. h. der Winkelstellung der Gegendruckzylinder 13 und 14. Dieser Maschinenwinkel ist der Steuerung 8 bekannt, die mit einem oder mehreren Encodern im Räderzug der Druckmaschine kommuniziert.With each of the two imaging systems, the camera 2 and the sensor line 1, it is now also possible to detect the contours of the printed sheet passing under the camera 2 or the sensor line 1. In this case, only the signals of the pixels of the camera 2 or of the line sensor 1, which lie on the edge of the image field, are required for imaging the sheet side edge. To image the leading and trailing edges can be used, the signals that the camera 2 and the sensor line 1 provides when this edge is running straight through the image field, which is achieved by a suitable synchronization of camera or sensor with the so-called machine angle, ie the angular position of the impression cylinders 13 and 14. This machine angle is known to the controller 8, which communicates with one or more encoders in the gear train of the printing press.

In der Figur 2 ist nun die typische Kontur 19 der Ränder eines durch die Druckmaschine 5 durchlaufenden Bogens dargestellt, wie er entweder von der Kamera 2 oder vom Sensor 1 gesehen wird. Der scharfe kontrastreiche Umriss wird erhalten, weil die Bildsignale zum einen einer Kantenfilterung durch ein Sobelfilter und zum anderen einer Schwellwertoperation zur Kontrastanhebung unterzogen wurden. Im Bereich der Bogenvorderkante erkennt man die Konturen der 18 Greifer, mit denen der durchlaufende Bogen auf dem Gegendruckzylinder 13 bzw. 14 gehalten ist. Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Umrisslinie 19 weist nun einige Unregelmäßigkeiten gegenüber einem idealen Rechteck auf, die in den nachfolgenden Figuren näher erläutert werden.In the FIG. 2 The typical contour 19 of the edges of a sheet passing through the printing machine 5, as seen by either the camera 2 or the sensor 1, is shown. The sharp, high-contrast outline is obtained because the image signals were subjected to edge filtering by a Sobel filter on the one hand and to a contrast enhancement threshold operation on the other hand. In the area of the sheet leading edge can be seen the contours of the 18 grippers, with which the continuous sheet is held on the impression cylinder 13 and 14 respectively. In the FIG. 2 Outline 19 shown now has some irregularities compared to an ideal rectangle, which are explained in more detail in the following figures.

Im Messfelder 24a auf dem vergrößerten Abschnitt der Bogenvorderkante nach Figur 3 zeigt sich, dass die Kontur des mittleren dort dargestellten Greifers 23 etwas in Richtung auf die Bogenvorderkante hin verschoben ist. Dieser kürzere Abstand lässt auf einen im Vergleich zu den danebenliegenden Greifern abweichenden Greiferöffnungszeitpunkt schließen. Des Weiteren könnten unterschiedliche Abstände der Greiferkontur zur Bogenvorderkante darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass die jeweiligen Greiferauflagen auf dem Gegendruckzylinder, die den Bogen halten, zu hoch oder zu tief im Vergleich zur Greiferbrücke auf dem übergebenden Transferter liegen.In the measuring field 24a on the enlarged portion of the sheet leading edge after FIG. 3 shows that the contour of the central gripper 23 shown there is displaced slightly in the direction of the sheet leading edge. This shorter distance indicates a different gripper opening time compared to the adjacent grippers. Furthermore, different distances of the gripper contour to the sheet leading edge could be due to the fact that the respective gripper pads on the impression cylinder holding the sheet are too high or too low compared to the gripper bridge on the transfer conveyor.

Im Messfeld 24b nach Figur 4 ist zu erkennen, dass die Kontur der Bogenvorderkante im Bereich zwischen den beiden rechts abgebildeten Greifern and er mit 22 bezeichneten Stelle leicht gewölbt ist, d. h. von einer geraden Linie abweicht. Dies ist ein Hinweis darauf, dass entweder der Bogen nicht glatt auf dem Gegendruckzylinder aufliegt, sondern sich ein Luftpolster unter dem Bogen gebildet hat, das den Bogen an dieser Stelle aufwölbt. Eine andere Ursache für dieses Bild ist darin zu sehen, dass die Bogenankunftszeit und der Greiferschließzeitpunkt nicht zueinander passen, d. h. dass der Bogen sich noch bewegt und vom übergebenden Zylinder vorgeschoben wird, bevor der betroffene Greifer schließt.In the measuring field 24b after FIG. 4 It can be seen that the contour of the sheet leading edge is slightly curved in the region between the two grippers shown on the right and at 22, ie deviates from a straight line. This is an indication that either the sheet is not smoothly resting on the impression cylinder, but an air cushion has formed under the arch, which bulges the sheet at this point. Another reason for this picture is that the Arc arrival time and the gripper closing time do not match, ie that the sheet still moves and is advanced by the transferring cylinder before the affected gripper closes.

In den Messfeldern 24c und 24d der rechten und linken Seitenkante des Bogens nach Figur 5 lässt sich erkennen, dass das Bild der Bogenkontur von einem bestimmten Punkt an einen scheinbar zur Hinterkante hin verbreiterten Bogen darstellt. Tatsächlich entspricht die dort mit 20a bzw. 20b bezeichnete Stelle - wie der Vergleich mit dem Maschinenwinkel zeigt - dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem der Bogen den Druckspalt 17 zwischen z. B. dem Gegendruckzylinder 13 und dem diesem zugeordneten Gummituchzylinder 16 verlässt. Dieser Effekt ist je nach Grammatur des Bogens unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägt und ergibt sich daraus, dass der Bogen, dann, nachdem er durch den Druckspalt nicht mehr gestrafft wird, aufgrund der Rotationsbewegung des Gegendruckzylinders von diesem abhebt, wobei das Ausmaß des Abhebens von der Dicke/Steifigkeit und der besagten Grammatur, d. h. dem Papiergewicht abhängt. Eine zu starke scheinbare Verbreiterung bzw. damit einhergehend ein zu starkes Abheben des Bogens vom Gegendruckzylinder ist ein Indiz für eine fehlerhafte Einstellung der hinter dem Druckspalt zur Unterstützung der Bogenführung eingebrachten Blasluft, von der der Bogen nach Verlassen des Druckspalts auf den Zylinder gedrückt wird.In the measuring fields 24c and 24d the right and left side edge of the bow after FIG. 5 It can be seen that the image of the sheet contour from a certain point to an apparently widened toward the trailing edge arc represents. In fact, as indicated by the comparison with the machine angle, the point denoted by 20a or 20b corresponds to the point in time at which the arc reaches the pressure gap 17 between z. B. the impression cylinder 13 and its associated blanket cylinder 16 leaves. This effect differs depending on the grammage of the sheet and results from the fact that the sheet, after it is no longer tightened by the printing nip, lifts off from it due to the rotational movement of the impression cylinder, the extent of the lifting being dependent on the thickness / Stiffness and the said grammage, ie the paper weight depends. Too much apparent broadening or, as a consequence, excessive lifting of the sheet from the counter-pressure cylinder is an indication of an incorrect setting of the blowing air introduced behind the printing nip in support of the sheet guide, from which the sheet is pressed onto the cylinder after leaving the printing nip.

In dem Messfeld 24eder Seitenkanten des Bogens nach Figur 6 lässt sich bei einer anderen Fehleinstellung der Maschine ein scheinbarer seitlicher Versatz des Bogens an den mit 21a und 21b bezeichneten Stellen erkennen. Auch hier handelt es sich wieder um einen scheinbaren Versatz zu dem Zeitpunkt, da die Bogenhinterkante den Druckspalt 17 verlässt. Ursache hierfür ist eine fehlerhafte Unterlegung des Gummituchs auf dem Gummituchzylinder 16 oder eines Zylinderaufzugs auf dem Gegendruckzylinder 13, aufgrund derer das Verhältnis der Zylinderradien vom Verhältnis der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten der beiden Zylinder voneinander abweicht, wobei diese Abweichungen auch über die Zylinderlänge variieren können. In diesen Fällen unterliegt der Bogen beim Durchgang durch den Druckspalt Dehnungen und Streckungen, d. h. erheblichen Kräften, die sich beim Verlassen des Druckspalts schlagartig entspannen und den Bogen im Millisekundenbereich zur Seite hin bewegen.Look in the measurement field 24of the side edges of the sheet FIG. 6 If the machine is otherwise misadjusted, an apparent lateral offset of the sheet can be seen at the locations indicated at 21a and 21b. Again, it is again an apparent offset at the time when the sheet trailing edge leaves the printing nip 17. The reason for this is a faulty backing of the blanket on the blanket cylinder 16 or a cylinder elevator on the impression cylinder 13, due to which the ratio of the cylinder radii from the ratio of the angular velocities of the two cylinders deviates from each other, these deviations can vary over the cylinder length. In these cases, the sheet is subject to strains and strains when passing through the nip, ie considerable forces that suddenly relax when leaving the nip and move the sheet in the millisecond range to the side.

Üblicherweise überlagern sich die anhand der Figuren 5 und 6 beschriebenen Effekte, wobei beide jedoch bei der Bildauswertung leicht voneinander separiert werden können.Usually superimpose the basis of the FIGS. 5 and 6 described effects, but both can be easily separated from each other in the image analysis.

Die beschriebenen Auswirkungen von Fehleinstellungen der Druckmaschine auf das Abbild der Bogenkontur sind druckwerksabhängig, d. h. beschreiben jeweils die Fehleinstellungen des Druckwerks, hinter dessen Druckspalt die Bogenkontur abgebildet wird. Da andererseits diese Fehleinstellungen/Fehljustierungen relativ langzeitstabil sind, genügt es, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in größeren Abständen auf der Maschine einzusetzen, beispielsweise zu den mehr oder minder regelmäßig stattfindenden Servicezeitpunkten. Besonders vorteilhaft ist deshalb eine Vorgehensweise, bei der die Bogenkontur nacheinander in den verschiedenen Druckwerken der Druckmaschine von dem bildgebenden System, beispielsweise der Kamera 2, aufgenommen wird. Hierzu können an den einzelnen Druckwerken Halterungen installiert sein, in denen die Kamera 2 leicht auswechselbar befestigt wird, so dass sie sukzessive in die einzelnen Druckwerke eingesetzt wird, währenddessen ein unbedruckter Papierstapel durch die Maschine befördert wird. Gleiches gilt insoweit auch für den Fall, dass anstelle der Kamera 2 eine Sensorzeile 1 verwendet wird.The described effects of incorrect settings of the printing press on the image of the sheet contour are dependent on the printing unit, d. H. describe in each case the incorrect settings of the printing unit, behind the nip of the sheet contour is displayed. On the other hand, since these incorrect settings / misalignments are relatively long-term stable, it is sufficient to use the inventive method at longer intervals on the machine, for example, the more or less regularly held service times. Therefore, a procedure in which the sheet contour is successively recorded in the various printing units of the printing press by the imaging system, for example the camera 2, is particularly advantageous. For this purpose, holders can be installed at the individual printing units, in which the camera 2 is attached easily replaceable, so that it is successively used in the individual printing units, while a blank paper stack is transported through the machine. The same applies to the extent that instead of the camera 2, a sensor line 1 is used.

Dabei können durchaus mehrere Bilder verschiedener Druckbögen hintereinander von der Kamera 2 oder der Sensorzeile 1 aufgenommen werden, um entweder den Signal-/Rauschabstand des Kantenbildes zu verbessern und damit die Messgenauigkeit zu erhöhen oder um festzustellen, ob es sich bei den gemessenen Abweichungen um eine reproduzierbaren Fehler handelt.It is quite possible for a plurality of images of different signatures to be taken in succession from the camera 2 or the sensor line 1 in order to either improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the edge image and thus to increase the measurement accuracy or to determine whether the deviations measured are reproducible Error acts.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Sensorzeilesensor line
22
Kameracamera
33
Druckwerkprinting unit
44
Druckwerkprinting unit
55
BogendruckmaschineSheetfed
66
Auslegerboom
77
Bogenbow
88th
Steuerungcontrol
99
Bildschirmscreen
1313
GegendruckzylinderImpression cylinder
1414
GegendruckzylinderImpression cylinder
1515
Transfertertransferters
1616
GummituchzylinderBlanket cylinder
1717
Druckspaltnip
1919
Bogenkonturarc contour
20a+b20a + b
(Mess-)Stelle(Measuring) point
21a+b21a + b
(Mess-)Stelle(Measuring) point
2222
(Mess-)Stelle(Measuring) point
2323
Greifergrab
24a-e24a-e
Messfeldermeasuring fields

Claims (7)

  1. Method for establishing faulty settings in a sheet-fed printing press wherein the imaging system (1, 2) is essentially aligned to be perpendicular to the sheet surface and at least partially detects the visible contours (19) of the sheet margins,
    characterized in
    that the geometry of the passing print sheet is recorded by an imaging system and compared to target geometries for evaluation by drawing conclusions on at least one of the following faulty settings in the printing units (3, 4) of the printing press (5) based on the measured deviations of the contours (19) from the rectangular target contour of the sheet:
    - based on the distance (23) of the contour sections of the leading edge of the sheet between the grippers and the gripper trailing edge, on wrong gripper opening instants or gripper pads that are located too high or too low,
    - based on the deviations (22) of the contour sections of the leading edge of the sheet from a straight line, on faulty settings between the instant of arrival of the sheet and the gripper closing instants,
    - based on an apparent widening of the sheet from the instant (20a, b) at which the sheet leaves the printing nip, on a degree to which the print sheet lifts off the printing cylinder (13, 14) due to a wrong setting of the blown air for sheet guidance,
    - based on a horizontal offset of the contour at the instant (21a, b) at which the trailing edge of the sheet leaves the printing nip, on a faulty radius of the impression cylinder or blanket cylinder for example due to the wrong underlaying material/cylinder sleeves.
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    wherein the imaging system (1, 2) is a video camera or a sensor line.
  3. Method according to Claim 1,
    wherein the signals provided by the imaging system (1, 2) for multiple sheets that successively pass through the printing press (5) are evaluated to detect the faulty settings of the printing press.
  4. Method according to Claim 1,
    characterized in
    that multiple imaging systems (1, 2) are arranged in respective different printing units of the printing press or one imaging system is successively attached to different printing units (3, 4).
  5. Method according to Claim 1,
    wherein to record the sheet contours (19), unprinted sheets are conveyed through the printing press (5) and deposited on the delivery stack (7) in an unprinted state.
  6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5,
    wherein previously selected sheet contour sections (24) are used for the evaluation of the geometry deviations.
  7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6,
    wherein the image signals that describe the contour (19) of the sheet or contour sections (24), are subjected to digital edge filtering before being evaluated.
EP12165476.8A 2011-05-04 2012-04-25 Method for detecting configuration errors in a sheet printing device Active EP2520430B1 (en)

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DE102011100413A DE102011100413A1 (en) 2011-05-04 2011-05-04 Method for determining setting errors in a sheet-fed printing machine

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