EP2510136B1 - Vorrichtung zur aufnahme von fester debris bei einer elektrolysezelle zur herstellung von aluminium - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur aufnahme von fester debris bei einer elektrolysezelle zur herstellung von aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2510136B1
EP2510136B1 EP10799073.1A EP10799073A EP2510136B1 EP 2510136 B1 EP2510136 B1 EP 2510136B1 EP 10799073 A EP10799073 A EP 10799073A EP 2510136 B1 EP2510136 B1 EP 2510136B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collection unit
altitude
actuator
bucket
blade
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EP10799073.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2510136A1 (de
Inventor
Arnaud Wattel
Stéphane DAVID
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Fives ECL SAS
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ECL SAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/02—Bucket grabs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/14—Grabs opened or closed by driving motors thereon
    • B66C3/16—Grabs opened or closed by driving motors thereon by fluid motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C3/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs
    • B66C3/20—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith and intended primarily for transmitting lifting forces to loose materials; Grabs mounted on, or guided by, jibs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis according to the Hall-Héroult method. It relates more particularly to a device for collecting solid debris immersed or floating in the electrolysis bath and the liquid metal, in particular sludge from the electrolytic bath and which accumulate on the bottom of the tank, as well as the remains of carbon and crust debris that originate in particular from the various operations performed before and during the removal of spent anodes.
  • Aluminum is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis, according to the well-known Hall-Héroult process, in electrolysis cells.
  • the plants contain a large number of electrolysis cells arranged in line, in buildings called halls or electrolysis rooms, and connected electrically in series using connecting conductors, so as to optimize the ground occupation of the cells. factories.
  • the cells are generally arranged to form two or more parallel lines that are electrically bonded together by end conductors.
  • the electrolyte bath and the liquid metal are contained in a tank, called an "electrolysis cell", comprising a steel box, which is lined internally with refractory and / or insulating materials, and a cathode assembly located at the bottom of the tank.
  • Anodes typically of carbonaceous material, are partially immersed in the electrolyte bath.
  • an electrolysis plant requires interventions on the electrolysis cells including, in particular, the replacement of spent anodes with new anodes, the removal of liquid metal and the additions or withdrawals of electrolyte.
  • the factories are generally equipped with one or more service units comprising a movable bridge that can be translated over and along the series of electrolysis cells, and one or more service modules. , each comprising a carriage, adapted to be moved on the movable bridge, and handling and intervention devices, such as shovels and hoists, commonly called “tools”.
  • These service units are often called “electrolysis service machines” or “MSE”("PTA” or “Pot Tending Assembly” or "PTM” or “Pot Tending Machine” in English).
  • the service module generally comprises, attached to the carriage, a rotary frame, called tool turret, which is adapted to rotate about a vertical axis and is integral with said tools.
  • Each tool can be attached to the end of a cable operated by a winch attached to said turret, or at the end an arm, the latter being telescopic and / or articulated.
  • One of the necessary interventions during the anode replacement is the cleaning of the area occupied by the spent anode and to be occupied by the new anode.
  • This zone is essentially constituted by the bath and the liquid metal but can contain many solid debris that it is necessary to remove before setting up the new anode.
  • a hard crust of fluorinated cryolite and alumina is formed on the upper surface of the bath. This crust has the advantage of retaining heat within the bath and therefore constitutes an effective heat-insulating envelope. But it is extremely hard and adheres to the wall of the anode block, so it is necessary to break it around the worn anode, to allow the extraction thereof.
  • rupturing of the crust is carried out using tools such as piercers, called “crust breakers". Then, during the removal of the spent anode, an orifice in the crust is formed, which orifice is left vacant until the installation of the new anode and which we will call “anodic hole”. Crust failure and handling of the spent anodic block inevitably lead to the formation of solid pieces or parts which float or remain suspended in the electrolysis bath, or which fall to the bottom of the tank. It is then necessary to collect them by means of a collection tool, commonly called “crust”.
  • the European patent application EP-A-0 440 488 describes an example of a crust scoop associated with a particular vehicle, distinct from a service machine.
  • the European patent application EP-A-0 618 313 describes, but in a little detail, an example of a service machine equipped with a device to ensure the rupture of the crust in the vicinity of a worn anode and the cleaning of the anode hole.
  • the crust scoop commonly used is a clamp consisting of two buckets arranged symmetrically with respect to a substantially vertical plane and hinged, pivoting about two substantially horizontal axes, possibly merged. Each bucket has a leading edge, also called "blade", vis-à-vis the leading edge of the other bucket.
  • the crust scoop is immersed in the open position in the bath and then the crust scoop is passed from an open position to a closed position, using at least one actuator that acts either directly on a scoop. , or preferably on a linkage designed to bring the cups in a rotational movement substantially symmetrical with respect to each other, the solid debris between the two cups being thus trapped, while the liquid medium mixture of Electrolyte bath and molten metal can still escape, in particular through openings in the walls of the buckets.
  • the movement of opening and closing the crust is driven by the actuation of at least one pneumatic cylinder which acts on a linkage designed to transform the translation movement of the cylinder in two symmetrical movements of the buckets .
  • the European patent application EP-A-1 178 004 proposes a solution likely to solve the problem explained in the preceding paragraph.
  • This solution consists of using a bucket scoop mounted on a vertical arm but not to directly attach the frame secured to the axes of the buckets on said vertical arm.
  • the chassis is split into a part called “excavator frame”, which remains attached to the arm attached to the turret and a part called “bucket support frame”, vertically movable relative to the door frame such that, the instantaneous center of rotation of the buckets being able to move while the arm remains stationary relative to the bottom of the tank, it is possible to give the leading edges of the buckets a substantially rectilinear trajectory.
  • the shovel can be placed so that its leading edges are flush with the bottom of the tank during the entire operation of closing the shovel.
  • a complex bucket closure assembly comprising "a transmission rod of forces, one of whose ends is articulatedtinct on the bucketstinct and whose other end is articulated on a rotating actuating rod, itself hinged to the support frame of the buckets, said rotating rod being mechanically connected to the excavator frame by means of a connecting rod compensation means articulated on the excavator frame, said rotary rod being moreover actuated in rotation by means of an actuating cylinder, whose point of application is integral with the support frame of the buckets ".
  • Such a solution requires the introduction into the crust with numerous intermediate pieces intended to operate in a hostile environment and to undergo vibrations of high amplitude, in particular because of the stresses associated with the breakdown of the buckets. This involves frequent replacement of these parts subject to rapid wear.
  • the aim that the applicant has set was to achieve, without damaging the bottom of the tank, effective cleaning of the anode hole during the replacement of the anodes, while using a simple tool, easy to clean and maintain , and inexpensive in maintenance.
  • the converter translates said signal into a control stream and transmits said control stream to said first actuator.
  • the converter may for example be a servo-distributor associated with a cylinder or a variable speed drive associated with an electric motor.
  • the control flow is an oil flow to a cylinder chamber.
  • the control flow is an electrical signal, or a control current, whose characteristic properties (intensity (s), frequency (s), ...) affect the direction and speed of rotation of the motor. .
  • the altitude of the substantially horizontal axis and that of the blade can be measured directly by sensors but, because of the aggressive environment and the lack of accessibility, these direct measurements are advantageously replaced by calculations based on indirect measurements.
  • said programmable control system can be connected to a first sensor for measuring the vertical displacement of said link relative to a reference level and to a second sensor making it possible to measure, directly or indirectly, the difference in altitude between the blade of the bucket and the substantially horizontal axis around which the bucket pivots .
  • the reference level can be a fixed level defined in the repository of the electrolysis hall. It can also be linked to the mobile support on which the collection unit is fixed. In the latter case, it is obviously necessary to take into account a possible altitude variation of said mobile support.
  • a sensor can be used to determine the angular position of the bucket.
  • said second actuator is a cylinder that requires a rotation to said bucket by means of a connecting rod
  • a displacement sensor can be used to measure the displacement of the rod of said cylinder with respect to the body of said cylinder.
  • the characteristics of the control flow transmitted to the first actuator act on the direction and the intensity of the displacement to be performed by said first actuator: plus the difference found between the measured altitude of the substantially horizontal axis and its set altitude. is important, the stronger the intensity of the displacement imposed on the actuator.
  • the computer program implemented in said programmable logic controller is based on a kinematic model which describes a trajectory of the blade passing above, but not too far, from the bottom of the tank.
  • This trajectory can be deduced from the theoretical profile of the bottom of the vessel by translation along a vector oriented vertically upwards and whose intensity corresponds to a predefined safety distance.
  • the collection unit according to the invention can be for example a "crust scoop" used for cleaning anode holes, comprising a frame and two buckets mounted on said frame, arranged symmetrically with respect to a substantially vertical plane and articulated , pivoting about two substantially horizontal axes, each bucket having a blade vis-à-vis the blade of the other bucket, the second actuator, integral with said frame, imposing each of said buckets a rotational movement substantially symmetrical relative said substantially vertical plane, so that solid debris between the two buckets are trapped by said buckets.
  • a "crust scoop” used for cleaning anode holes
  • the second actuator also called “closing actuator” or “closing actuator / opening” is chosen from pneumatic cylinders, because this type of cylinder does not control at any time the speed of rotation of the bucket during the closing phase of the bucket or buckets.
  • the collection unit which is a crust scoop, is immersed in the bath while it is in the open position, then it is moved from an open position to a closed position, using the closing actuator acting on a linkage designed to bring the buckets in a rotational movement substantially symmetrical relative to each other.
  • the solid debris between the two buckets are thus trapped, while the liquid medium, mixture of electrolyte bath and molten metal can still escape, in particular through openings in the walls of the buckets.
  • Part of this liquid medium which is very viscous, adheres to the wall of the buckets, so that the cups are covered with a gangue that must be removed after each passage of the crust in the tank because the buckets , very quickly fouled, become inoperative.
  • bucket breakdown To remove the maximum of bath and metal that cool and freeze by adhering to the surface of the cups, we realize a operation, called “bucket breakdown".
  • the bucket closure / opening actuator is used so that the edges opposite the buckets are driven at such a speed that their bringing into contact results in a sufficiently violent shock for that the cooled bath and metal is peeled off and ejected from the surface of said wells.
  • it can either be removed or said hydraulic cylinders and provide an intermediate piece acting on the linkage, or leave them near the buckets but protect them from projections.
  • the hydraulic power unit which is mounted on the service machine and which is already placed at a height, so that it is remote from the electrolysis bath, and to install the hydraulic circuit necessary for the operation of the cylinder (s). so that the part most exposed to the hostile environment is limited to the hoses that feed the compartments of the double-acting cylinder.
  • the fact of choosing for closing actuator one or more hydraulic cylinder (s) allows to dedicate the compressed air supplied by the onboard compressor of the service machine to other functions or, of preferably, to choose a compressor of lower capacity, therefore lighter, to equip said service machine.
  • said first actuator also called “lifting actuator”
  • said first actuator comprises an electric motor integral with said movable support, a link secured to said collection unit and coupled to said motor so that the rotation said electric motor causes the displacement of said collection unit through said connection
  • said converter is a speed controller which transmits to said electric motor a control current, whose characteristics allow said electric motor to impose said vertical displacement to said link.
  • Said electric motor may be the motor of an electric jack, said link being the rod of the jack supporting or being coupled with a vertical mast supporting said collection unit. It can also be the motor of an electric winch, said link being the cable supporting said collection unit.
  • Example 2 described below illustrates such an embodiment.
  • said first actuator comprises at least one hydraulic jack which comprises a body integral with the movable support and a piston connected to a rod which acts as said link and said converter is a distributor mounted on the portion. of the hydraulic circuit which feeds with a controlled flow the rod side chamber of said hydraulic cylinder.
  • said distributor which advantageously is an electro-hydraulic servo-distributor servo-controlled and controlled by said programmable control system.
  • said distributor is a 4/3 servo-distributor, proportional action, electrically controlled.
  • said first actuator comprises at least one hydraulic jack that allows to move vertically said connection to which is attached the rest of the collection unit.
  • the manipulator arm of the collection unit is a telescopic arm, comprising a "mobile" mast sliding in a “fixed” arm, the stem of said hydraulic cylinder being secured to said "mobile” mast and the body of said hydraulic cylinder being secured to said "fixed” mast, connected to said mobile support, for example a tool turret fixed on a carriage capable of running along the beam of a traveling crane, so that said collecting unit can be moved and positioned at above the work area before descending to the anodic hole.
  • a “symmetrical” solution consisting in making the "mobile” mast integral with the body of the jack and the rod integral with the "fixed” mast secured to the movable support, is also possible.
  • the rise of the collection unit is done by supplying the shaft chamber with oil.
  • a preferred embodiment comprises a distributor controlled by a programmable automaton which collects, at regular time intervals, typically a few tens of milliseconds, the altitude H of the substantially horizontal axis around which the bucket and the value L of displacement of the piston rod of the second actuator, deduced from these values, using an associated computer memory, the set value that must be imposed on the altitude of the axis of pivoting of the bucket and injects a signal towards said dispenser so as to decrease or increase the volume of the oil which feeds the chamber rod side and which is necessary to reach the correct altitude.
  • the first actuator may include a plurality of hydraulic cylinders.
  • the control of the oil volume in each of the rod-side chambers is not easy, it is preferable to use as the first actuator a single cylinder whose chamber rod side is fed with a single slave valve .
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to carry out a debris collection by defining a safety distance between the bottom of the tank and the blade of the bucket or buckets: as soon as the estimated distance is less than this safety distance, the system pilot sends to the said distributor a setpoint which increases the volume of oil in the cylinder side chamber of the cylinder so as to impose the desired altitude to the piston and therefore the substantially horizontal axis of rotation of the bucket.
  • the control system sends a direction to the distributor that reduces the volume of oil in the cylinder side chamber of the cylinder.
  • the proportional-action servo-distributor controls the oil flow sent under the required pressure in the stem chamber; when it has to be brought closer, it evacuates towards the reservoir a controlled flow of oil coming from the shaft-side chamber, which is under a pressure corresponding substantially to the weight of the collecting unit.
  • the variable speed drive used emits a control current which can act not only on the amplitude of the speed of rotation but also on the direction of rotation of the electric motor.
  • the safety distance and the limit distance are chosen as close as possible.
  • the bottom of the tank being generally flat, this amounts to imposing a rectilinear trajectory to the leading edge of the bucket.
  • this trajectory can be defined more precisely, depending on the actual geometry of the bottom of the tank where the collection of debris must be performed.
  • a target altitude for the bucket blade is defined and the programmable control system is associated with a computer memory programmed to provide, depending on the bucket angle directly or indirectly measured, the altitude of the bucket. set that must have the instantaneous center of rotation of said bucket.
  • the target altitude for the blade is constant if the bottom of the tank is considered plane.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to position the bucket or buckets as close as possible to the cathode, thus to increase the efficiency of the debris collection operation without touching the bottom of the tank.
  • the collection unit suspended from the moving carriage which moves along the traveling crane, is advantageously provided with a displacement sensor which makes it possible to to know at any time the altitude of the or substantially horizontal axes of rotation of the bucket or buckets.
  • the displacement sensor may be a cable encoder or a laser range finder.
  • the elevation of the bottom of the tank is itself known and can be checked regularly, for example by slowly lowering the collection unit placed in a predetermined position until the blade of the bucket touches the bottom of the tank.
  • the bucket is generally defined by an axial wall, that is to say a regulated surface generated by a generatrix parallel to the pivot axis and based on an open directional curve, and two transverse walls.
  • transverse walls have a substantially rectilinear edge, which joins the ends of the open curve.
  • the position of the bucket can be characterized by the angle ⁇ that this edge with the vertical.
  • d the distance from this edge to the pivot axis and by h the distance between the blade and the projection of the pivot axis on said edge
  • ⁇ Z d cos ⁇ + h sin ⁇ .
  • the angle of inclination is itself directly related to a dimensional characteristic of the actuator that rotates the bucket. For example, if it is a cylinder, the angle of inclination is directly related to the stroke of the cylinder rod.
  • the programmable control system is an industrial programmable logic controller (PLC) which collects at regular time intervals, typically a few tens of milliseconds, to using a first sensor, the altitude of the pivot axis of the bucket, and with the aid of a second sensor, the value of the stroke of the closing cylinder and deduced from these values, to the using a computer program based on a kinematic model describing the trajectory of the blade in an appropriate frame of reference, the set value that must be imposed on the altitude of the pivot axis of the bucket and accordingly drives the servo distributor to introduce or evacuate the volume of oil necessary to reach the correct altitude.
  • PLC industrial programmable logic controller
  • Example 1 we describe in more detail these different operating phases of the collection unit.
  • Another object according to the invention is a service module intended to be used in an igneous electrolysis aluminum production plant comprising a trolley and handling and intervention devices, characterized in that it also comprises a collection unit according to the invention, as described above.
  • Another object according to the invention is a service unit of an igneous electrolysis aluminum production plant comprising a traveling crane and characterized in that it also comprises at least one service module according to the invention, such as previously described.
  • Another object according to the invention is the use of a service module according to the invention for the interventions on electrolytic cells intended for the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis, in particular for the cleaning of the anode holes, wherein said first actuator is driven by said programmable control system such that said one or more bucket blades follow a predefined path, typically located above and parallel to the bottom of the vessel.
  • Electrolysis plants for aluminum production include a liquid aluminum production area that includes one or more electrolysis rooms.
  • the electrolysis room (1) illustrated on the figure 1 comprises electrolysis cells (2) and a service machine (5).
  • the electrolysis cells (2) are normally arranged in rows or rows, each row or line typically having more than one hundred cells.
  • the cells (2) are arranged so as to clear a circulation aisle along the electrolysis room (1).
  • the cells (2) comprise a series of anodes (3) provided with a metal rod (4) for fixing and electrically connecting the anodes to a metal anode frame (not shown).
  • the service unit (5) is used to perform operations on the cells (2) such as anode changes or the filling of ground bath feed hoppers and aluminum fluoride (AlF3). It can also be used to handle various loads, such as tank elements, pockets of liquid metal that are used during casting (“ladles”) or anodes. It can also be used to clean the anode hole after removing a worn anode and before installing a new anode.
  • AlF3 aluminum fluoride
  • the service unit (5) comprises a movable bridge (6) which can be translated over the electrolysis cells (2), and at least one service module (7) comprising a movable carriage (8), said "tool holder", adapted to be moved on the movable bridge (6) and equipped with several handling and intervention devices (10), such as tools, among which may include the crust scoop (100 ').
  • the tools are here mounted on vertical telescopic poles (9) attached to the movable carriage (8).
  • a crust scoop may also be moved and operated from a vehicle other than a service machine.
  • the invention applies to any collection unit, regardless of its mode of movement and placement above the work area.
  • FIGs 2 and 3 illustrate a particular embodiment of a collection unit (100), which is a crust scoop (100 ') attached to the end of a telescopic arm, at the end of the movable arm here called “shovel barrel” ( 11).
  • the shovel shaft is a mobile vertical mast (9 ") sliding in a vertical mast (9 '), which itself moves vertically under the effect of an actuator (not shown), able to make faster movements while remaining integral with the tool turret of the mobile carriage (8) of a service module (7)
  • the crustal scoop comprises a frame (110) provided with two buckets (120a and 120b) placed in substantially perpendicular to a substantially vertical plane and articulated, pivoting about two substantially horizontal axes (115a and 115b).
  • Each bucket (120a, 120b) has a leading edge, or blade (128a, 128b) opposite the blade (128b, 128a) of the other bucket (120b, 120a)
  • the second actuator is here in the form of two cylinders (200, 201) secured to the frame (110) , operating simultaneously, by imposing on each of the buckets, via a connecting rod (300, 300 '), a movement of substantially symmetrical rotation relative to the substantially vertical plane, so that the solid debris between the two buckets are trapped by said buckets.
  • the two actuators of the second actuator were pneumatic cylinders particularly well suited for the breakdown operation.
  • FIGS 4 to 7 illustrate, in four different configurations, the diagram of a hydraulic circuit supplying the first actuator (50) of a collection unit according to the invention, which moreover possesses the characteristics described above ( Figures 2 and 3 ).
  • the first actuator (50), or lift cylinder, is a double acting cylinder (51) with a body (55) and a piston (56) associated with a rod (52).
  • the rod (52) is integral with the collection unit (not shown on the Figures 4 to 7 ).
  • the double-acting cylinder (51) has a stem-like chamber (53), called the lower one, capable of imposing at any moment on the vertical mobile mast (9 ") a vertical upward movement and a piston-like chamber (54), said upper , capable of imposing a vertical downward movement on the vertical mobile mast at any moment,
  • the hydraulic circuit comprises two portions (63) and (64) which feed the two chambers (53) and (54) of the double-acting cylinder (51).
  • the circuit can be connected, via a three-position distributor, called “direction distributor” (80), to the "pressure line” (P) and to the “return line” (R) of a hydraulic power plant.
  • the direction distributor (80) is naturally in the position (802) which corresponds to the rest and can be excited to be put in one of the two other possible positions: the position (803) where the rod (52) of the cylinder makes lowering the collection unit and the position (801) where the cylinder rod raises said collection unit.
  • the circuit portion (64) includes a main branch (640) having one end connected to the directional distributor (80) and the other end connected to the piston chamber (54) of the actuator (51).
  • the circuit portion (63) includes a main branch (630) having one end connected to the directional distributor (80) and the other end branching into two sub-branches; each of which is equipped with a two-position distributor (81, 82), the first sub-branch (631 comprising 6310, 6311, 6312 and 6313) being associated with a holding valve (90), the second sub-branch ( 632 comprising 6320, 6321 and 6322) being associated with the electrohydraulic servo-distributor (83).
  • the two sub-branches meet at their other ends to form the circuit portion (633) which feeds the rod chamber (53) of the jack (51).
  • the figure 4 illustrates the circuit when the lift cylinder is at rest.
  • the direction distributor (80) is naturally in the position (802), which puts the two circuit portions (63) and (64) in connection with each other through their respective main branches (630) and (640).
  • the distributor (82) is in the position (821) which blocks the circulation in the second sub-branch. Isolated by the distributor (82) in position (821) and by the non-conducting valve (90) (the piloting pressures of the connections (92) and (93) are insufficient to make it flow), the The stem chamber (53) is maintained, apart from any shock, at a substantially constant pressure, associated with the weight of the collection unit.
  • the circuit branch (633) is equipped with a safety, integrated in the function of the valve of retainer (90) to limit the pressure in the stem chamber in the event of an impact.
  • the figure 5 illustrates the circuit when the lift cylinder is in rapid descent.
  • the direction distributor (80) is energized to occupy the position (803), which places the two circuit portions (63) and (64) in communication with the pressure line (P) of the hydraulic power unit, the two portions of circuit (63) and (64) also communicating with each other via their respective main branches (630) and (640) at the direction distributor (80) when in this position (803).
  • the distributor (82) is in the position (821) which blocks the circulation in the second sub-branch.
  • the distributor (81) is in the position (811) and allows the operation of the check valve (90): as soon as the resultant of the forces due to the piloting pressures coming from one part of the branch (92) and on the other side of the branch (93) is greater than a certain value, the check valve (90) becomes "passing".
  • the check valve (90) is set to a critical value, typically close to 180 bar, so that, as soon as its piloting has sufficient pressure, it becomes free-running and the oil can flow from the stem-chamber ( 53) to the plunger chamber (54), via the branches (630) and (640), which communicate with each other at the direction distributor (80), placed in position (803). In this way, the flow of oil from the hydraulic unit is increased by the flow of oil from the piston chamber. If the x is the ratio (section of the piston chamber (54)) / (section of the shank (52)), the flow from the hydraulic unit is multiplied by x, so that with such a differential arrangement, the piston rod can descend with a speed x times faster than with a conventional assembly.
  • the figure 6 illustrates the circuit when the lift cylinder raises the rod (52).
  • the direction distributor (80) is energized to occupy the position (801), which places the main branch (630) in connection with the pressure line (P) of the hydraulic power unit and the main branch (640) in communication with the reservoir from the hydraulic power plant, via the return line (R).
  • the distributor (82) is in the position (821) and the distributor (81) is in the position (811).
  • the pressurized oil passes through the main branch (630), passes through the distributor (81) in position (811) and joins the portions (6313) and (633) via the non-return valve (91), to supply the chamber -Storm (53).
  • the oil in the piston chamber (54) is discharged to the return line (R) of the hydraulic unit, via the main branch (640).
  • the figure 7 illustrates the circuit when the lift cylinder is activated in a slave mode when the collection of debris.
  • the direction distributor (80) is energized to occupy the position (801), which places the main branch (630) in connection with the pressure line (P) of the hydraulic power unit and the main branch (640) in connection with the return line (R) of the hydraulic power station.
  • the dispenser (82) is in the position (822) and the dispenser (81) is in the position (812).
  • the servo-distributor is activated to be placed in the position (831) for the descent or (833) for the climb.
  • the programmable control system is a programmable controller (84) associated with a computer memory (85) which enables it, as a function of the measurement values of (H) and (L) transmitted, to define a set altitude at the lifting jack (50).
  • the programmable controller (84) sends a signal (S) to the servo-distributor (83), which is a proportional proportional servo-distributor, imposing on the circuit portion supplying the rod-side chamber an oil flow ( ⁇ ) that is all the more important that the deviation from the set position is large.
  • the signal has characteristics that make it possible to move the movable member of the servo-distributor in a position of type (833) more or less advanced, depending on the flow rate of oil under pressure, the oil from the branches (630) and (632) and feeding the rod-side chamber via the branches (6321), (6322) and (633).
  • the programmable controller (84) sends a signal (S) to the servo-distributor (83) to a configuration corresponding to a position (831), where the pressurized oil no longer supplies the side-rod chamber, which is connected to the return line (R), via the branches (65), (6321), (6322) and (633), the flow ( ⁇ ) for discharging the oil to the return line being controlled by the opening of the servo-distributor, which is controlled by the signal emitted by the PLC.
  • the programmable automaton (84) collects, at regular time intervals, typically a few tens of milliseconds, the altitude H of the pivot axis of the bucket and the value L of the stroke of the closing cylinder and deduces from these values, using a computer program based on a kinematic model that describes the trajectory of the blade in an appropriate frame of reference, the set value that must be imposed on the altitude of the pivot axis of the bucket and emits a signal (S) towards the servo-distributor (83) so as to introduce or evacuate the volume of oil necessary to reach the correct altitude.
  • S signal
  • the second actuator (200 ') here simply schematized essentially to illustrate the role it plays in the operating principle of the first actuator (50), the latter being controlled in particular according to the spatial configuration of said second actuator.
  • This second actuator whose body is integral with the rod (52) of the first actuator (50), is here a double-acting hydraulic cylinder connected to a supply circuit, a part of which allows differential mounting to ensure the breakdown function .
  • the figure 8 schematically illustrates a collection unit, in which the first actuator (50) is an electric motor (53 ') fed by means of a circuit which makes it possible to control the rotation of said motor.
  • the electric motor is that of an electric cylinder (51 ') which imposes a vertical movement to the link (52 ') integral with the frame (110').
  • the electric jack is replaced by an electric winch, the link then being a cable connected to said frame, the vertical displacement thereof being for example guided by a guide device fixed on the movable support.
  • the programmable control system comprises a programmable controller (84) associated with a computer memory (85) which enables it, as a function of the measurement values of (H) and (L) transmitted, to define the set altitude of the substantially horizontal axis around which pivots a bucket. If the set altitude is higher than the effective altitude, there is danger of collision between the bucket blade and the bottom of the tank.
  • variable speed drive (83 ') is then activated in such a way that it can quickly correct the trajectory of the blade.
  • the programmable controller (84) sends a signal (S) to the variable speed drive (83 '), which converts said signal into a current of command (I) which imposes said electric motor a direction of rotation and speed all the more important that the deviation from the set position is large.
  • the variable speed drive (83 ') is activated in such a way that it can quickly correct the motor servo, to lower the altitude of the blade.
  • the programmable controller (84) sends a signal (S) to the variable speed controller (83 ') which imposes on the motor a direction of rotation and a speed which is greater as the deviation from the set position is large.

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Claims (19)

  1. Sammeleinrichtung (100) zur Aufnahme von festen Trümmerteilchen und Schlamm, die sich in den flüssigen Medien wie zum Beispiel dem Elektrolysebad und dem Flüssigmetall einer Zelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium befinden, insbesondere Krustenschaufel (100') zum Reinigen der Anodenlöcher, umfassend:
    a) ein Befestigungsmittel zum Befestigen der Sammeleinrichtung an einem beweglichen Träger (5'), welcher die Sammeleinrichtung über der zu reinigenden Zone verfahren kann;
    b) eine Verbindungselement (520), das von einem ersten Stellorgan (50) betätigt wird, welches dem Verbindungselement eine Bewegung in vertikaler Richtung in Bezug auf den beweglichen Träger aufprägt;
    c) ein Gestell (110), das mit dem Verbindungselement fest verbunden ist;
    d) mindestens eine um eine im Wesentlichen horizontale Achse (115a, 115b) drehbare, am Gestell angebrachte gelenkige Schaufel (120a, 120b), die einen im Wesentlichen horizontalen Schild (128a, 128b) aufweist und von einem mit dem Gestell fest verbundenen zweiten Stellorgan (200, 201) betätigt wird, welches der Schaufel eine Drehbewegung um die im Wesentlichen horizontale Achse aufprägt;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Stellorgan (50) mit einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung (83 + 84 + 85; 83' + 84 + 85) verbunden ist, welche geeignet ist:
    i) die Höhe der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse und den Höhenunterschied zwischen dem Schaufelschild und der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse direkt oder indirekt zu bestimmen;
    ii) aus den in i) bestimmten Werten die vertikale Bewegung festzulegen, die das Verbindungselement ausführen muss, damit die Schildhöhe mindestens einem vorbestimmten Wert entspricht;
    iii) einen geeigneten Steuerfluss (Φ, I) zu definieren und auf das erste Stellorgan zu übertragen, damit das erste Stellorgan dem Verbindungselement die vertikale Bewegung aufprägen kann.
  2. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung umfasst:
    a) eine Kontroll- und Steuereinheit, welche die Daten bezüglich der Höhe der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse und des Höhenunterschieds zwischen dem Schaufelschild und der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse sammelt, aus diesen Daten einen Sollwert ableitet, der für die Höhe der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse vorgegeben werden muss, damit die Schildhöhe mindestens einem vorbestimmten Wert entspricht, wodurch ein möglicher Kontakt zwischen dem Schild und einem unter der Sammeleinrichtung befindlichen Hindernis, typischerweise dem Zellenboden, vermieden wird, und ein für den Sollwert repräsentatives Signal (S) aussendet;
    b) einen Wandler, der das Signal in einen Steuerfluss (Φ, I) umsetzt und den Steuerfluss auf das erste Stellorgan überträgt.
  3. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung mit einem ersten Sensor zum Messen der vertikalen Bewegung des Verbindungselementes in Bezug auf ein Referenzniveau (N) und einem zweiten Sensor zum direkten oder indirekten Messen des Höhenunterschiedes zwischen dem Schild (128a, 128b) der Schaufel (120a, 120b) und der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse (115a, 115b), zum Beispiel einem Sensor zum Bestimmen der Winkelposition (α) der Schaufel, verbunden ist.
  4. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Stellorgan ein Zylinder ist, welcher der Schaufel über eine Pleuelstange eine Drehbewegung aufprägt, und dass das Mittel zum indirekten Messen des Höhenunterschiedes zwischen dem Schild (128a, 128b) der Schaufel (120a, 120b) ein Bewegungssensor ist, der die Bewegung (L) der Zylinderstange in Bezug auf den Zylinderkörper misst.
  5. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Kontroll- und Steuereinheit eine speicherprogrammierbare Industriesteuerung ist, die
    a) in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen, typischerweise einigen Millisekunden, die vom ersten Sensor und zweiten Sensor gelieferten Daten sammelt;
    b) aus diesen Daten mit Hilfe eines Computerprogramms auf der Basis eines kinematischen Modells, das die Bewegungsbahn des Schildes in einem geeigneten Bezugsrahmen beschreibt, den Sollwert ableitet, der für die Höhe der Schwenkachse der Schaufel vorgegeben werden muss, und
    c) ein für den Sollwert repräsentatives Signal (S) an den Wandler überträgt.
  6. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 5, wobei das in der speicherprogrammierbaren Industriesteuerung implementierte Computerprogramm auf einem kinematischen Modell beruht, das eine Bewegungsbahn des Schildes beschreibt, die aus dem theoretischen Profil des Zellenbodens durch Verschieben um einen vertikal nach oben gerichteten Vektor abgeleitet ist und deren Intensität einem vorgegebenen Sicherheitsabstand entspricht.
  7. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Gestell (110) und zwei auf dem Gestell montierte, spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer im Wesentlichen vertikalen Ebene angeordnete und gelenkig ausgebildete Schaufeln (120a, 120b) umfasst, die um zwei im Wesentlichen horizontale Achsen (115a, 115b) drehbar sind, wobei jede Schaufel ein Schild (128a, 128b) aufweist, das dem Schild der anderen Schaufel gegenüberliegt, wobei das mit dem Gestell fest verbundene zweite Stellorgan jeder dieser Schaufeln eine zu der im Wesentlichen vertikalen Ebene nahezu symmetrische Drehbewegung aufprägt, so dass die zwischen den beiden Schaufeln befindlichen festen Trümmerteilchen von den Schaufeln gefangen gehalten werden.
  8. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Stellorgan (200, 201, 200') ein Hydraulikzylinder ist, der von einer Schaltung versorgt wird, die mindestens zwei Funktionsschemata für das Schließen der Schaufeln aufweist:
    a) ein erstes Schema, bei dem genügend Kräfte auf die Schaufeln übertragen werden, um die mit den Schaufeln zusammenkommenden Trümmerteilchen mitzuführen,
    b) ein zweites Schema, das einer Differenzschaltung entspricht, bei dem genügend kinetische Energie auf die Schaufeln übertragen wird, damit die Durchschlagfunktion erfüllt werden kann.
  9. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Stellorgan einen mit dem beweglichen Träger fest verbundenen Elektromotor (53'), ein mit der Sammeleinrichtung fest verbundenes Verbindungselement (52') umfasst, welches mit dem Motor so gekoppelt ist, dass die Rotation des Elektromotors die Bewegung der Sammeleinrichtung über das Verbindungselement bewirkt, dass der Wandler ein Drehzahlwandler (83') ist, der einen Steuerstrom (I) auf den Elektromotor überträgt, dessen Merkmale es dem Elektromotor ermöglichen, die vertikale Bewegung über das Verbindungselement aufzuprägen.
  10. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Elektromotor der Motor eines elektromechanischen Zylinders ist und das Verbindungselement die Stange des elektromechanischen Zylinders ist.
  11. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 9, wobei der Elektromotor der Motor einer elektrischen Winde und das Verbindungselement das Kabel der elektrischen Winde ist.
  12. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Stellorgan einen Hydraulikzylinder (51) mit einem mit dem beweglichen Träger fest verbundenen Zylinderkörper (55) umfasst, wobei das Verbindungselement die Stange (52) des Hydraulikzylinders ist und der Wandler ein Ventil ist, das auf demjenigen Abschnitt der Hydraulikschaltung montiert ist, der die stangenseitige Kammer des Hydraulikzylinders mit einer geregelten Durchflussmenge versorgt.
  13. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Ventil (83) ein durchflussmengengeregeltes Servoventil zur Einstellung des Ölvolumens im Innern der stangenseitigen Kammer ist, vorzugsweise ein elektrisch gesteuertes Proportionalservoventil.
  14. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei das Ventil (83) von einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung (84) gesteuert wird, die in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen, typischerweise einigen Millisekunden, die Höhe H der Schwenkachse (115') der Schaufel und den Wert L der Bewegung der Kolbenstange des zweiten Stellorgans (200') erfasst, aus diesen Werten mit Hilfe eines zugeordneten Computerspeichers (85) den Sollwert ableitet, der für die Höhe der Schwenkachse der Schaufel vorzugeben ist, und in Richtung des Ventils (83) ein Signal (S) einspeist zur Erniedrigung oder Erhöhung des Ölvolumens, das die stangenseitige Kammer versorgt und notwendig ist, um die richtige Höhe zu erreichen.
  15. Sammeleinrichtung (100, 100') nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, wobei der Hydraulikzylinder (51) ein doppelt wirkender Zylinder ist, dessen Stange (52) mit der Sammeleinrichtung fest verbunden ist und der eine stangenseitige Kammer (53), die geeignet ist, der Stange jederzeit eine vertikale Bewegung nach oben aufzuprägen, und eine kolbenseitige Kammer (54) aufweist, die geeignet ist, der Stange jederzeit eine vertikale Bewegung nach unten aufzuprägen, wobei die beiden Kammern über mindestens ein Ventil (80) an eine Druckquelle (P) oder einen Vorratstank (R) angeschlossen werden können, wobei die Versorgungsschaltung mehrere Schaltungsabschnitte umfasst, die folgende Hydraulikversorgungsschemata ermöglichen:
    a) ein Differenzschema, bei dem die stangenseitige Kammer (53) und die kolbenseitige Kammer (54) an die Druckquelle (P) angeschlossen sind, so dass der Mast mit hoher Geschwindigkeit abgesenkt werden kann;
    b) ein dem Ruhezustand entsprechendes Schema, bei dem die Sammeleinrichtung in hängender Position verbleibt, wobei die Schaltung so ausgestaltet ist, dass sich die Sammeleinrichtung mühelos vertikal bewegen kann, wenn sie auf ein Hindernis stößt;
    c) ein Schema, bei dem die stangenseitige Kammer (53) an die Druckquelle (P) angeschlossen ist, was dem Hochfahren der Sammeleinrichtung entspricht;
    d) ein Schema bei gesteuertem Betrieb, bei dem der Schaltungsabschnitt zur Versorgung der stangenseitigen Kammer ein durchflussmengengeregeltes Ventil (83) enthält, das von einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung gesteuert wird, welche eine Kontroll- und Steuereinheit aufweist, die die Daten bezüglich der Höhe der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse und des Höhenunterschiedes zwischen dem Schaufelschild und der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse sammelt, aus diesen Daten den Sollwert ableitet, der für die Höhe der im Wesentlichen horizontalen Achse vorgegeben werden muss, und ein für den Sollwert repräsentatives Signal in Richtung Ventil aussendet.
  16. Servicemodul (7) zum Einsatz in einem Werk zur Herstellung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse mit einem Schlitten (8) und Handhabungs- und Eingriffsorganen (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Servicemodul ferner eine Sammeleinrichtung (100) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 aufweist.
  17. Serviceeinrichtung (5) für ein Werk zur Herstellung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse mit einer Rollbrücke (6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Serviceeinrichtung auch mindestens ein Servicemodul (7) nach Anspruch 16 aufweist.
  18. Verwendung eines Servicemoduls (7) nach Anspruch 16 für Eingriffe an Elektrolysezellen (2) zur Herstellung von Aluminium durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse, insbesondere für die Reinigung der Anodenlöcher, wobei das erste Stellorgan von der speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung so gesteuert wird, dass die im Wesentlichen horizontale Achse einer vorgegebenen Bahn folgt, die typischerweise über und parallel zu dem Zellenboden verläuft.
  19. Verfahren zum Reinigen eines Anodenlochs beim Austausch einer Anode, bei dem eine Sammeleinrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 verwendet wird, wobei das erste Stellorgan fest an einer Servicemaschine (5) angebracht ist, und wie folgt vorgegangen wird:
    a) die Sammeleinrichtung wird mit Hilfe der Stellorgane der Elektrolyse-Servicemaschine in geschlossener Position vor das Anodenloch geführt, wobei das erste Stellorgan im Ruhezustand ist;
    b) Betätigen des ersten Stellorgans zum schnellen Absenken bis auf eine vorbestimmte Höhe oberhalb des Badspiegels in der Zelle, um das Öffnen der Sammeleinrichtung zu gestatten;
    c) Betätigen des zweiten Stellorgans zum Öffnen der Schaufeln solange, bis die Schaufeln eine Referenzoffenstellung erreichen, die typischerweise der maximalen Öffnung nahekommt, die der Hub des zweiten Stellorgans zulässt.
    d) Betätigen des ersten Stellorgans zum langsamen Absenken bis auf eine vorbestimmte Höhe;
    e) aus der erreichten Höhe am Ende des vorhergehenden Schrittes wird unter Berücksichtung eines Sicherheitsabstandes die Höhe bestimmt, auf der sich das Schild befinden muss, und daraus die Bahn abgeleitet, auf der sich das Schild zwischen der Referenzoffenstellung und der Schließstellung bewegen muss;
    f) Betätigen des ersten Stellorgans zum Hochfahren der Sammeleinrichtung bis zum Ausgangspunkt der im vorhergehenden Schritt festgelegten Bahn;
    g) Betätigen des zweiten Stellorgans, wobei sich das erste Stellorgan im gesteuerten Modus befindet, damit sich das Schild auf der in e) definierten Bahn bewegt;
    h) sobald die Sammeleinrichtung geschlossen ist, Betätigen des ersten Stellorgans im Hochfahrmodus, und wenn die Sammeleinrichtung eine bestimmte Höhe erreicht hat, Verwendung der Stellorgane der Elektrolyse-Servicemaschine, um die gesamte Einheit zu einer Empfangsfläche für die gesammelten Trümmerteilchen zu bewegen.
EP10799073.1A 2009-12-11 2010-12-07 Vorrichtung zur aufnahme von fester debris bei einer elektrolysezelle zur herstellung von aluminium Active EP2510136B1 (de)

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FR0905992A FR2953862B1 (fr) 2009-12-11 2009-12-11 Dispositif destine a collecter des debris solides dans une cuve d'electrolyse destinee a la production d'aluminium
PCT/FR2010/000813 WO2011070245A1 (fr) 2009-12-11 2010-12-07 Dispositif destine a collecter des debris solides dans une cuve d'electrolyse destinee a la production d'aluminium

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CN104087972B (zh) * 2014-05-19 2017-04-19 江苏建筑职业技术学院 抬包吸铝管气压驱动清理机
CN108796577A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2018-11-13 苏州奥特金属制品有限公司 一种大型金属制品阳极氧化固定架
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CA2780166A1 (fr) 2011-06-16
EP2510136A1 (de) 2012-10-17
FR2953862A1 (fr) 2011-06-17
US20120234690A1 (en) 2012-09-20
CN102666933B (zh) 2016-08-03
AU2010329754B2 (en) 2013-10-31
WO2011070245A1 (fr) 2011-06-16
RU2012129271A (ru) 2014-01-20
ZA201202644B (en) 2013-06-26
FR2953862B1 (fr) 2011-12-16
AU2010329754A1 (en) 2012-05-10
CN102666933A (zh) 2012-09-12

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