EP2503031A2 - Method for coating, pole tube and device for executing the method - Google Patents
Method for coating, pole tube and device for executing the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2503031A2 EP2503031A2 EP12000174A EP12000174A EP2503031A2 EP 2503031 A2 EP2503031 A2 EP 2503031A2 EP 12000174 A EP12000174 A EP 12000174A EP 12000174 A EP12000174 A EP 12000174A EP 2503031 A2 EP2503031 A2 EP 2503031A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- clamping
- layer
- corrosion protection
- adhesive layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/005—Contacting devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/06—Suspending or supporting devices for articles to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/06—Suspending or supporting devices for articles to be coated
- C25D17/08—Supporting racks, i.e. not for suspending
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/04—Tubes; Rings; Hollow bodies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/1241—Nonplanar uniform thickness or nonlinear uniform diameter [e.g., L-shape]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for coating a workpiece consisting of two different metallic materials, a pole tube with two pole tube sections consisting of different materials, and a device for carrying out the method.
- Switching or proportional solenoids of hydraulic solenoid valves usually have a pole tube with an armature space for receiving a magnet armature whose armature plunger passes through a Polbasis, via which a valve spool of the solenoid valve is adjustable. Since the structure of the pole tubes from the prior art, for example from the DE 199 52 800 A1 is known, is dispensed with a detailed description.
- the pole tube consists of a mix of materials, usually made of stainless and acid-resistant stainless steel and unalloyed steel, such as structural steel St35 or St37. In order to avoid corrosion of the non-rust-resistant areas of the pole tube, this is conventionally provided with a galvanically applied zinc layer.
- This coating of the pole tube is problematic in practice due to the different materials, since they basically behave differently in the usual manner in galvanic processes performed pretreatments (degreasing, activating, etc.). Thus, it may happen, for example, that the pole tube regions made of stainless steel are polarized during the pretreatment differently to those regions which consist of structural steel - this different polarization then leads to problems in the adhesion of the later applied zinc layer.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for coating a workpiece consisting of two different metallic materials, a pole tube with two pole tube sections consisting of different materials, and a device for carrying out the method by which or improved adhesion a corrosion protection layer is ensured.
- the inventive method is basically applicable to all workpieces, which consist of two different metallic materials which form a material interface in the surface region of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is to be provided with a corrosion protection layer. At least in the region of the material interface, the workpiece is provided with an electrolytically applied metallic adhesive layer before the application of the corrosion layer, which forms a primer for the corrosion protection layer.
- This electrolytically applied adhesive layer is preferably applied continuously. In principle, however, it may also be sufficient to apply this adhesive layer only in the region of the workpiece sections, which are made of a material with poor adhesive properties (stainless steel), wherein the material boundary area should also be covered.
- the pole tube according to the invention is provided in a corresponding manner with an electrolytically applied adhesive layer for the subsequent corrosion protection layer.
- the inventive device for carrying out the method has a holder which dips into an interior of the workpiece, wherein the holder has at least two, preferably resilient, clamping legs which are diametrically on an inner peripheral wall of the Abut workpiece, wherein a clamping leg along an approximately axially parallel clamping line and the other clamping leg diametrically engages approximately punctiform on the inner circumferential wall.
- These clamping legs make it possible to position the workpiece, in particular the pole tube in a predetermined relative to the galvanic coating relative position in the electrolyte bath, wherein the electrical contact can be made via the clamping legs.
- the adhesive layer is formed by a nickel-strike electrolyte.
- This process which is known per se from the prior art, has the purpose of dissolving (activating) the natural oxide skin of the rust- and acid-resistant steel and at the same time producing a thin layer as a primer for subsequent galvanizing. It has surprisingly been found that can be almost completely eliminated by such a nickel-strike electrolyte, the problem described above, so that even under unfavorable operating conditions flaking of the corrosion protection layer can be avoided.
- the surface of the workpiece is dekapiert before forming the nickel layer, wherein the decapping a degreasing step may be upstream.
- the adhesion of the corrosion layer can be further improved if such a decorating step is performed even after the formation of the adhesive layer.
- the individual steps of the pretreatment are followed by the rinsing operations customary in galvanic processes, which are preferably carried out in multiple stages or as a rinsing cascade.
- the corrosion protection layer is preferably a zinc layer.
- the clamping legs of the holder for fixing the position of the workpieces within the electrolyte are preferably formed in pairs symmetrical, so that the workpiece from the inner circumference and the outer circumference is clamped and / or contacted.
- the invention will be explained below with reference to the galvanic coating of a pole tube.
- the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can also be used for applying a corrosion protection layer to other components which are manufactured from different metallic materials.
- pole tube The basic structure of a pole tube is known from the prior art, for example from the cited document, so that explanations are unnecessary in this regard.
- the pole tube areas of stainless steel corrosion and areas of conventional structural steel which can lead to adhesion problems in the corrosion protection layer when using the conventional electroplating later use of the pole tube.
- a plurality of pile tubes 1 are held on a frame 2. This is attached via a suspension 4 to a conveyor 6 indicated by dashed lines, so that the frame 2 can be conveyed to the individual electroplating baths of the galvanic process and immersed in the respective process fluid.
- each pole tube 1 is held on the frame 2 via paired clamping legs 8, 10, wherein each pair of clamping legs 8a, 8b, 10a, 10b clamped against a peripheral wall of the pole tube 1.
- a total of 64 clamping leg pairs 8, 10 are provided, so that in a corresponding manner 64 pile tubes 1 are held on the frame 2.
- four levels of clamping leg pairs 8, 10 are provided, wherein in each plane two, approximately V-shaped mutually arranged clamping leg pairs 8, 10 are provided, which in accordance with a common base 12 in one FIG. 1 horizontally extending frame strut 14 are attached.
- the clamping leg pairs 8, 10 perpendicular to the plane behind the other, with the clamping leg profile perpendicular to the plane, so that the clamping arm pairs 8, 10 appear in the side view as a straight line.
- the pole tube 1 forms the anode, wherein the electrical contact via the clamping legs 8, 10 takes place.
- These are provided with an insulation which is interrupted in the contacting area, so that the power supply takes place to optimize the layer structure only along intended areas.
- the inclination of the pile tubes 1 on the frame 2 and thus the relative positioning of the pile tubes in the electrolyte of the respective galvanic process is chosen so that an optimal layer thickness distribution of the electrodeposited layer is achieved, the coating still by a movement and thus mixing of the electrolyte via suitable measures , such as Venturi nozzles, stirrers, etc. can be improved.
- FIGS. 3a, 3b show individual representations of the inner clamping legs 8a, 10a of the above-described clamping leg pairs 8, 10 which dive into a receiving space 16 of the pole tube 1 and abut the inner peripheral wall 20, so that a mechanical and / or electrical contact takes place.
- clamping leg 8a has a projecting in the radial direction crank 18, which abuts approximately punctiform on the inner circumferential wall 20.
- the other clamping leg 10a has a retaining portion 22, which is likewise bulged in the radial direction toward the inner circumferential wall 20, but which is designed with a flat base which rests approximately linearly on the inner circumferential wall 20 and runs approximately parallel to a polar axis 24.
- the other two, in the presentation according to the FIGS. 3a, 3b not shown clamping legs 8b and 10b are formed accordingly and are each as shown in FIG FIG. 1 on the outer peripheral wall of the pole tube 1 at.
- FIG. 3a a comparatively small pole tube 1 is held over the clamping legs 8a, 10a.
- FIG. 3b a pole tube 1 is shown with a larger axial length and larger diameter, which is also held on the clamping legs 8a, 10a. It can be seen that when clamping the smaller pole tube 1 (FIG. FIG. 3a ) of the clamping leg 8a is deflected with the crank 18 in the radial direction inwards, wherein the crank 18 but with its V-shaped apex in this deflected position ensures an approximately point-like contact with the inner circumferential wall 20.
- FIG. 3a When clamping the larger pole tube 1 ( FIG.
- the clamping leg 8a springs outward in the radial direction in order to rest clampingly against the inner circumferential wall 20.
- the crank 18 ensures - as mentioned - always a roughly point-like investment, while the spring-elastic running clamping leg 10a in both pole tubes 1 with its holding portion 22 linearly abuts the inner peripheral wall 20.
- the geometry of the clamping legs 8, 10 thus makes it possible to keep different pole tube sizes on the frame 2.
- an end portion 26 of the holding portion 22 is bent radially inwardly and abuts an end wall 28 of the pole piece 1, so that it is also supported in the axial direction.
- the contact surfaces between the pole tube 1 and the clamping legs 8, 10 are minimal, so that a largely full-surface galvanic coating is possible.
- the pole tubes 1 held on the frame 2 are degreased to remove oil and fat layers, it being possible to use aqueous methods, organic solvents or other methods, for example a plasma cleaning in a first bath.
- the degreasing is followed by a rinsing process, wherein preferably a multiple or cascade rinsing takes place. This multiple flush has the advantage that the flushing water consumption is optimized and by concentrating and recycling of flushing water from the individual steps a partial circulation is possible.
- this flushing step is followed by picking or activation, by means of which the oxide process removes disruptive oxide layers in order to produce an active surface.
- picking or activation by means of which the oxide process removes disruptive oxide layers in order to produce an active surface.
- dilute mineral acids or activating acidic solutions are used.
- the decapping is followed by a rinsing step again in order to avoid an entry of the media used during picking in the subsequent process step.
- nickel-strike electrolyte After activation of the surface of the pole tube 1, they are immersed in the so-called nickel-strike electrolyte in order to effect a further activation of the surface with simultaneous deposition of a metal precipitate.
- a nickel-strike electrolyte contains a proportion of nickel chloride and hydrochloric acid dissolved in deionized water.
- the galvanic bath also contains a nickel anode, which has a relatively high degree of purity.
- the current density may be, for example, 3 to 5 A / dm 2 , wherein the treatment time in the nickel-strike electrolyte is, for example, about 3 to 10 minutes to form the mentioned nickel fine layer on the pole tube 1.
- This nickel-strike process step also called Schlagnickel process, is followed by another rinsing step (multiple rinsing) and another decaping to prepare the actual galvanizing.
- the galvanizing then takes place in a conventional manner.
- this post-treatment may involve further multi-stage rinsing and lightening of the zinc layer. After lightening, a rinse takes place, wherein this rinsing can be done in one stage.
- this flushing passivation preferably a thick-film passivation.
- a thick-film passivation is a surface refinement by coating based on chromium-containing compounds, through which the corrosion resistance continues is improved.
- a further multi-stage rinsing step and then a drying of the pole tube 1 takes place.
- this pole tube 1 is provided with a corrosion-resistant coating, which adheres even under unfavorable operating conditions and thus is superior to conventional coatings.
- the workpieces are provided with a nickel layer as a primer before the application of a corrosion protection layer in a nickel-strike electrolyte.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines aus zwei unterschiedlichen metallischen Materialien bestehenden Werkstücks, ein Polrohr mit zwei aus unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehenden Polrohrabschnitten und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for coating a workpiece consisting of two different metallic materials, a pole tube with two pole tube sections consisting of different materials, and a device for carrying out the method.
Schalt- oder Proportionalmagnete von hydraulischen Magnetventilen haben üblicher Weise ein Polrohr mit einem Ankerraum zur Aufnahme eines Magnetankers, dessen Ankerstößel eine Polbasis durchsetzt, über den ein Ventilschieber des Magnetventils verstellbar ist. Da der Aufbau der Polrohre aus dem Stand der Technik, beispielsweise aus der
Das Polrohr besteht aus einem Materialmix, üblicher Weise aus rost- und säurebeständigem Edelstahl sowie unlegiertem Stahl, beispielsweise Baustahl St35 oder St37. Um eine Korrosion der nicht rostbeständigen Bereiche des Polrohrs zu vermeiden, wird dieses herkömmlicher Weise mit einer galvanisch aufgebrachten Zinkschicht versehen. Diese Beschichtung des Polrohrs ist in der Praxis aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Materialien problematisch, da diese sich bei den üblicher Weise bei galvanischen Prozessen durchgeführten Vorbehandlungen (Entfetten, Aktivieren etc.) grundsätzlich unterschiedlich verhalten. So kann es beispielsweise vorkommen, dass die Polrohrbereiche aus Edelstahl bei der Vorbehandlung unterschiedlich zu denjenigen Bereichen polarisiert werden, die aus Baustahl bestehen - diese unterschiedliche Polarisierung führt dann zu Problemen bei der Haftung der später aufgebrachten Zinkschicht. Diese Haftungsprobleme können dann zu einer Flitterbildung durch Abblättern der Zinnschicht im Bereich des Edelstahls führen. Um dies zu vermeiden, verwendet man speziell abgestimmte Vorbehandlungsverfahren, die einerseits einen erheblichen verfahrenstechnischen Aufwand erfordern und andererseits die geschilderten Haftungsprobleme nicht völlig beseitigen können.The pole tube consists of a mix of materials, usually made of stainless and acid-resistant stainless steel and unalloyed steel, such as structural steel St35 or St37. In order to avoid corrosion of the non-rust-resistant areas of the pole tube, this is conventionally provided with a galvanically applied zinc layer. This coating of the pole tube is problematic in practice due to the different materials, since they basically behave differently in the usual manner in galvanic processes performed pretreatments (degreasing, activating, etc.). Thus, it may happen, for example, that the pole tube regions made of stainless steel are polarized during the pretreatment differently to those regions which consist of structural steel - this different polarization then leads to problems in the adhesion of the later applied zinc layer. These adhesion problems can then lead to tinsel formation due to delamination of the tin layer in the region of the stainless steel. Around To avoid this, one uses specially adapted pre-treatment process, on the one hand require a considerable procedural effort and on the other hand can not completely eliminate the liability problems described.
Dem gegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines aus zwei unterschiedlichen metallischen Materialien bestehenden Werkstücks, ein Polrohr mit zwei aus unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehenden Polrohrabschnitten und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, durch die bzw. bei denen eine verbesserte Haftung einer Korrosionsschutzschicht gewährleistet ist.On the other hand, the object of the invention is to provide a method for coating a workpiece consisting of two different metallic materials, a pole tube with two pole tube sections consisting of different materials, and a device for carrying out the method by which or improved adhesion a corrosion protection layer is ensured.
Diese Aufgabe wird im Hinblick auf das Verfahren durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1, im Hinblick auf das Polrohr durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 7 und im Hinblick auf die Vorrichtung durch die Merkmalskombination des Patentanspruchs 8 gelöst.This object is achieved with regard to the method by the features of
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist grundsätzlich bei allen Werkstücken anwendbar, die aus zwei unterschiedlichen metallischen Materialien bestehen, die im Oberflächenbereich des Werkstücks eine Materialgrenzfläche ausbilden, wobei das Werkstück mit einer Korrosionsschutzschicht versehen werden soll. Zumindest im Bereich der Materialgrenzfläche wird das Werkstück vor dem Aufbringen der Korrosionsschicht mit einer elektrolytisch aufgebrachten metallischen Haftschicht versehen, die einen Haftgrund für die Korrosionsschutzschicht bildet. Diese elektrolytisch aufgebrachte Haftschicht wird vorzugsweise durchgängig aufgebracht. Prinzipiell kann es jedoch auch ausreichen, diese Haftschicht nur im Bereich der Werkstückabschnitte aufzubringen, die aus einem Material mit schlechten Hafteigenschaften (Edelstahl) ausgeführt sind, wobei der Materialgrenzbereich ebenfalls überdeckt sein sollte.The inventive method is basically applicable to all workpieces, which consist of two different metallic materials which form a material interface in the surface region of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is to be provided with a corrosion protection layer. At least in the region of the material interface, the workpiece is provided with an electrolytically applied metallic adhesive layer before the application of the corrosion layer, which forms a primer for the corrosion protection layer. This electrolytically applied adhesive layer is preferably applied continuously. In principle, however, it may also be sufficient to apply this adhesive layer only in the region of the workpiece sections, which are made of a material with poor adhesive properties (stainless steel), wherein the material boundary area should also be covered.
Das erfindungsgemäße Polrohr wird in entsprechender Weise mit einer elektrolytisch aufgebrachten Haftschicht für die spätere Korrosionsschutzschicht versehen.The pole tube according to the invention is provided in a corresponding manner with an electrolytically applied adhesive layer for the subsequent corrosion protection layer.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens hat einen Halter, der in einen Innenraum des Werkstücks eintaucht, wobei der Halter zumindest zwei, vorzugsweise federnde, Klemmschenkel hat, die diametral an einer Innenumfangswandung des Werkstücks anliegen, wobei ein Klemmschenkel entlang einer etwa achsparallel verlaufenden Klemmlinie und der andere Klemmschenkel diametral dazu etwa punktförmig an der Innenumfangswandung angreift. Diese Klemmschenkel ermöglichen es, das Werkstück, insbesondere das Polrohr in einer für die galvanische Beschichtung vorbestimmten Relativposition im Elektrolytbad zu positionieren, wobei die elektrische Kontaktierung über die Klemmschenkel erfolgen kann.The inventive device for carrying out the method has a holder which dips into an interior of the workpiece, wherein the holder has at least two, preferably resilient, clamping legs which are diametrically on an inner peripheral wall of the Abut workpiece, wherein a clamping leg along an approximately axially parallel clamping line and the other clamping leg diametrically engages approximately punctiform on the inner circumferential wall. These clamping legs make it possible to position the workpiece, in particular the pole tube in a predetermined relative to the galvanic coating relative position in the electrolyte bath, wherein the electrical contact can be made via the clamping legs.
Bei einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Haftschicht durch einen Nickel-Strike-Elektrolyten ausgebildet. Dieses an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Verfahren hat den Zweck, die natürliche Oxidhaut des rost- und säurebeständigen Stahls zu lösen (Aktivierung) und gleichzeitig eine dünne Schicht als Haftgrund für die nachfolgende Verzinkung zu erzeugten. Es zeigte sich überraschender Weise, dass sich durch einen derartigen Nickel-Strike-Elektrolyten die eingangs beschriebene Problematik nahezu vollständig beseitigen lässt, so dass auch bei ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen ein Abblättern der Korrosionsschutzschicht vermieden werden kann.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the adhesive layer is formed by a nickel-strike electrolyte. This process, which is known per se from the prior art, has the purpose of dissolving (activating) the natural oxide skin of the rust- and acid-resistant steel and at the same time producing a thin layer as a primer for subsequent galvanizing. It has surprisingly been found that can be almost completely eliminated by such a nickel-strike electrolyte, the problem described above, so that even under unfavorable operating conditions flaking of the corrosion protection layer can be avoided.
Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird die Oberfläche des Werkstücks vor dem Ausbilden der Nickelschicht dekapiert, wobei dem Dekapieren ein Entfettungsschritt vorgeschaltet sein kann.In one embodiment of the invention, the surface of the workpiece is dekapiert before forming the nickel layer, wherein the decapping a degreasing step may be upstream.
Das Haften der Korrosionsschicht lässt sich weiter verbessern, wenn ein derartiger Dekapierschritt auch nach dem Ausbilden der Haftschicht durchgeführt wird. Selbstverständlich schließen sich an die einzelnen Schritte der Vorbehandlung jeweils die in galvanischen Prozessen üblichen Spülvorgänge an, die vorzugsweise mehrstufig oder als Spülkaskade durchgeführt werden.The adhesion of the corrosion layer can be further improved if such a decorating step is performed even after the formation of the adhesive layer. Of course, the individual steps of the pretreatment are followed by the rinsing operations customary in galvanic processes, which are preferably carried out in multiple stages or as a rinsing cascade.
Die Korrosionsschutzschicht ist vorzugsweise eine Zinkschicht.The corrosion protection layer is preferably a zinc layer.
Die Klemmschenkel der Halter zum Lagefixieren der Werkstücke innerhalb des Elektrolyten sind vorzugsweise paarweise symmetrisch ausgebildet, so dass das Werkstück vom Innenumfang und vom Außenumfang her geklemmt und/oder kontaktiert wird.The clamping legs of the holder for fixing the position of the workpieces within the electrolyte are preferably formed in pairs symmetrical, so that the workpiece from the inner circumference and the outer circumference is clamped and / or contacted.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand schematischer Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
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eine Vorderansicht eines Gestells, an dem eine Vielzahl von Polrohren gehalten wird,Figur 1 - wenn dies die einzigen Schritte eines galvanischen Prozesses durchläuft;
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eine Seitenansicht des Gestells gemäßFigur 2 ;Figur 1 -
Figuren 3a, 3b Detaildarstellungen des Gestells gemäß den ;Figuren 1 und 2 -
eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens undFigur 4 -
Figur 5 Verfahrensschritte einer Nachbehandlung gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.
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FIG. 1 a front view of a frame on which a plurality of pile tubes is held, - if this goes through the only steps of a galvanic process;
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FIG. 2 a side view of the frame according toFIG. 1 ; -
FIGS. 3a, 3b Detailed representations of the frame according to theFigures 1 and 2 ; -
FIG. 4 a schematic representation for explaining the method according to the invention and -
FIG. 5 Process steps of a post-treatment according to the inventive method.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der galvanischen Beschichtung eines Polrohrs erläutert. Prinzipiell lässt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auch zum Aufbringen einer Korrosionsschutzschicht auf anderen Bauteilen verwenden, die aus unterschiedlichen metallischen Materialien gefertigt sind.The invention will be explained below with reference to the galvanic coating of a pole tube. In principle, the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can also be used for applying a corrosion protection layer to other components which are manufactured from different metallic materials.
Der prinzipielle Aufbau eines Polrohrs ist aus dem Stand der Technik, beispielsweise aus der eingangs genannten Druckschrift bekannt, so dass diesbezügliche Erläuterungen entbehrlich sind. Für die folgende Beschreibung der Erfindung wesentlich ist lediglich, dass das Polrohr Bereiche aus korrosionsbeständigem Edelstahl und Bereiche aus herkömmlichen Baustahl aufweist, die bei Anwendung der herkömmlichen Galvanotechnik beim späteren Einsatz des Polrohrs zu Haftungsproblemen in der Korrosionsschutzschicht führen können.The basic structure of a pole tube is known from the prior art, for example from the cited document, so that explanations are unnecessary in this regard. For the following description of the invention is only essential that the pole tube areas of stainless steel corrosion and areas of conventional structural steel, which can lead to adhesion problems in the corrosion protection layer when using the conventional electroplating later use of the pole tube.
Bei den im Folgenden beschriebenen Verfahrensschritten des galvanischen Prozesses zum Aufbringen einer Korrosionsschutzschicht werden eine Vielzahl von Polrohren 1 an einem Gestell 2 gehalten. Dieses ist über eine Aufhängung 4 an einer gestrichelt angedeuteten Fördereinrichtung 6 befestigt, so dass das Gestell 2 zu den einzelnen Galvanikbädern des galvanischen Prozesses gefördert und in das jeweilige Prozessfluid eingetaucht werden kann.In the method steps of the galvanic process for applying a corrosion protection layer described below, a plurality of
Wie in
Wie bei galvanischen Prozessen üblich, bildet das Polrohr 1 die Anode, wobei die elektrische Kontaktierung über die Klemmschenkel 8, 10 erfolgt. Diese sind mit einer Isolierung versehen, die im Kontaktierungsbereich unterbrochen ist, so dass die Stromzuführung zur Optimierung des Schichtaufbaus nur entlang vorgesehener Bereiche erfolgt. Die Neigung der Polrohre 1 am Gestell 2 und somit die Relativpositionierung der Polrohre im Elektrolyten des jeweiligen galvanischen Prozesses ist so gewählt, dass eine optimale Schichtdickenverteilung der galvanisch aufgebrachten Schicht erzielt wird, wobei die Beschichtung noch durch eine Bewegung und somit Durchmischung des Elektrolyten über geeignete Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise Venturidüsen, Rührer etc. verbessert werden kann.As usual in galvanic processes, the
Die
Dabei hat der Klemmschenkel 8a eine in Radialrichtung auskragende Kröpfung 18, die in etwa punktförmig an der Innenumfangswandung 20 anliegt. Der andere Klemmschenkel 10a hat einen ebenfalls in Radialrichtung zur Innenumfangswandung 20 hin ausgewölbten Halteabschnitt 22, der jedoch mit einer flachen Basis ausgeführt ist, die etwa linienförmig an der Innenumfangswandung 20 anliegt und dabei in etwa parallel zu einer Polrohrachse 24 verläuft. Die beiden anderen, in der Darstellung gemäß den
In der Darstellung gemäß
Wie den
Der eigentliche galvanische Prozess wird anhand der Ablaufschemata gemäß der
In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt werden die am Gestell 2 gehaltenen Polrohre 1 zur Entfernung von Öl- und Fettschichten entfettet, wobei wässrige Verfahren, organische Lösemittel oder sonstige Verfahren, wie beispielsweise eine Plasmareinigung in einem ersten Bad verwendet werden können. Um ein Eintragen des zum Entfetten verwendeten Fluids in den nachfolgenden Prozessschritt zu vermeiden, schließt sich an das Entfetten ein Spülvorgang an, wobei vorzugsweise ein Mehrfach- oder Kaskadenspülen erfolgt. Diese Mehrfachspülung hat den Vorteil, dass der Spülwasserverbrauch optimiert wird und durch Aufkonzentrierung und Rückführung von Spülwasser aus den einzelnen Schritten eine teilweise Kreislaufführung ermöglicht wird.In a first method step, the
Beim konkret dargestellten Verfahren schließt sich an diesen Spülschritt ein Dekapieren oder Aktivieren an, durch das den galvanischen Prozess störende Oxidschichten entfernt werden, um eine aktive Oberfläche zu erzeugen. Bei diesem Dekapieren werden verdünnte Mineralsäuren oder aktivierende saure Lösungen verwendet.In the case of the method specifically shown, this flushing step is followed by picking or activation, by means of which the oxide process removes disruptive oxide layers in order to produce an active surface. In this pickling, dilute mineral acids or activating acidic solutions are used.
An das Dekapieren schließt sich wieder ein Spülschritt an, um einen Eintrag der beim Dekapieren verwendeten Medien in den nachfolgenden Prozessschritt zu vermeiden.The decapping is followed by a rinsing step again in order to avoid an entry of the media used during picking in the subsequent process step.
Nach der Aktivierung der Oberfläche des Polrohrs 1 werden diese in den sogenannten Nickel-Strike-Elektrolyten eingetaucht, um eine weitere Aktivierung der Oberfläche bei gleichzeitiger Abscheidung eines Metallniederschlages zu bewirken. Ein derartiger Nickel-Strike-Elektrolyt enthält einen Anteil an Nickelchlorid und Salzsäure, die in entionisiertem Wasser gelöst sind. Das galvanische Bad enthält darüber hinaus eine Nickelanode, die einen vergleichsweise hohen Reinheitsgrad aufweist. Die Stromdichte kann beispielsweise 3 bis 5 A/dm2 betragen, wobei die Behandlungsdauer im Nickel-Strike-Elektrolyt beispielsweise in etwa 3 bis 10 Minuten beträgt, um die erwähnte Nickelfeinschicht auf dem Polrohr 1 auszubilden.After activation of the surface of the
An diesem Nickel-Strike-Prozessschritt, auch Schlagnickelverfahren genannt, schließt sich ein weiterer Spülschritt (Mehrfachspülung) und ein nochmaliges Dekapieren zur Vorbereitung der eigentlichen Verzinkung an. Das Verzinken erfolgt dann in herkömmlicher Weise.This nickel-strike process step, also called Schlagnickel process, is followed by another rinsing step (multiple rinsing) and another decaping to prepare the actual galvanizing. The galvanizing then takes place in a conventional manner.
An das Verzinken schließt sich eine Nachbehandlung an, die der Verbesserung des Korrosionsschutzes und der optischen Erscheinung dient. Gemäß
Beim erläuterten galvanischen Prozess schließt sich dann an diesen Spülvorgang eine Passivierung, vorzugsweise eine Dickschichtpassivierung an. Bei einer derartigen Dickschichtpassivierung handelt es sich um eine Oberflächenveredelung durch Beschichten auf der Basis chromhaltiger Verbindungen, durch die die Korrosionsbeständigkeit weiter verbessert wird. Nach diesem Passivieren erfolgt ein weiterer mehrstufiger Spülschritt und dann ein Trocknen des Polrohrs 1.In the described galvanic process then follows this flushing passivation, preferably a thick-film passivation. Such a thick-film passivation is a surface refinement by coating based on chromium-containing compounds, through which the corrosion resistance continues is improved. After this passivation, a further multi-stage rinsing step and then a drying of the
Nach dem vorbeschriebenen Verfahren ist dieses Polrohr 1 mit einer korrosionsbeständigen Beschichtung versehen, die auch bei ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen haftet und somit herkömmlichen Beschichtungen überlegen ist.According to the method described above, this
Beschrieben ist ein Verfahren zum Beschichten von Werkstücken, die aus zwei unterschiedlichen metallischen Materialien bestehen. Erfindungsgemäß werden die Werkstücke vor dem Aufbringen einer Korrosionsschutzschicht in einem Nickel-Strike-Elektrolyten mit einer Nickelschicht als Haftgrund versehen.Described is a method for coating workpieces, which consist of two different metallic materials. According to the invention, the workpieces are provided with a nickel layer as a primer before the application of a corrosion protection layer in a nickel-strike electrolyte.
- 11
- Polrohrpole tube
- 22
- Gestellframe
- 44
- Aufhängungsuspension
- 66
- FördereinrichtungConveyor
- 88th
- KlemmschenkelpaarTerminal pair of legs
- 1010
- KlemmschenkelpaarTerminal pair of legs
- 1212
- BasisBase
- 1414
- Gestellstrebeframe strut
- 1616
- Aufnahmeraumaccommodation space
- 1818
- Kröpfungcranking
- 2020
- Innenumfangswandunginner circumferential wall
- 2222
- Halteabschnittholding section
- 2424
- PolrohrachsePolrohrachse
- 2626
- Endbereichend
- 2828
- Stirnwandungend wall
Claims (11)
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DE102011014605A DE102011014605A1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2011-03-22 | Coating method, pile tube and apparatus for carrying out the method |
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EP2503031A2 true EP2503031A2 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
EP2503031A3 EP2503031A3 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
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EP12000174.8A Withdrawn EP2503031A3 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-01-13 | Method for coating, pole tube and device for executing the method |
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US (1) | US9181627B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2503031A3 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102691082B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011014605A1 (en) |
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USD818358S1 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-05-22 | Servi-Sure, LLC | Rack for anodizing metal components |
USD817166S1 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-05-08 | Servi-Sure, LLC | Rack for anodizing metal components |
CN106435699A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-02-22 | 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Small-diameter thin-wall opening ring part zinc plating rack |
KR101900793B1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-09-20 | 주식회사 풍산 | A method for tin plating copper alloy for electrical and electronic and car components, and tin plated copper alloy therefrom |
CN111863299A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-30 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Double-hydrophobic treatment system and method for equipment in radioactive waste liquid treatment system |
JP2023010125A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2023-01-20 | 日本航空電子工業株式会社 | Plating method for cylindrical work |
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US9181627B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
DE102011014605A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
CN102691082A (en) | 2012-09-26 |
US20120244374A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
CN102691082B (en) | 2017-04-26 |
EP2503031A3 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
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