EP2500982B1 - Connecteur de boucle - Google Patents

Connecteur de boucle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2500982B1
EP2500982B1 EP12159409.7A EP12159409A EP2500982B1 EP 2500982 B1 EP2500982 B1 EP 2500982B1 EP 12159409 A EP12159409 A EP 12159409A EP 2500982 B1 EP2500982 B1 EP 2500982B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connector
contact
wire
actuators
contact element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12159409.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2500982A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Bishop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Avx Components Corp
Original Assignee
AVX Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVX Corp filed Critical AVX Corp
Publication of EP2500982A1 publication Critical patent/EP2500982A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2500982B1 publication Critical patent/EP2500982B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/48455—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar insertion of a wire only possible by pressing on the spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
    • H01R13/42—Securing in a demountable manner
    • H01R13/422—Securing in resilient one-piece base or case, e.g. by friction; One-piece base or case formed with resilient locking means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/502—Bases; Cases composed of different pieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/4828—Spring-activating arrangements mounted on or integrally formed with the spring housing
    • H01R4/48365—Spring-activating arrangements mounted on or integrally formed with the spring housing with integral release means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of electrical connectors, and more particularly to a wire-to-wire connector used to connect wires together in a coaxial configuration.
  • wire-to-wire connectors are known in the art for forming electrical connections between the terminal ends of separate wires.
  • a simple type of connector used for this purpose is a butt or splice connector used for forming a permanent splice or connection between wires.
  • a butt or splice connector used for forming a permanent splice or connection between wires.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,944 describes a wire-to-wire connector assembly employing a press fit between a blade terminal crimped onto one wire and a receptacle terminal crimped onto the other wire.
  • the terminals are, in turn, received in respective insulative housings that engage and latch when the components are pressed into electrical contact.
  • Various commercially available connectors of this type are readily available, for example the family of SLTM (Stackable Linear) connectors from Molex.
  • SLTM Stackable Linear connectors from Molex.
  • These connectors are, in certain instances, disadvantageous in that they require numerous processing/assembly steps to mount the respective headers or housings (with internal connector terminals) onto the ends of the wires.
  • the housings tend to occupy a relatively large space, which can be detrimental in certain applications.
  • the present invention provides an alternate in-line splice connector according to claim 1 that is relatively simple, provides a secure electrical connection, and allows for easy insertion and withdrawal of the wires without the need of tooling.
  • a wire-to-wire electrical connector is provided that is particularly well suited for connecting or splicing the stripped terminal ends of coaxially aligned wires. It should be appreciated that connectors according to the invention are not limited to any particular use, and may be used in any application wherein a secure electrical connection is desired between wires or other conductors.
  • the connector includes a body member (also referred to in the art as a "molding") formed from any conventional insulator material.
  • the body member can take on various shapes and sizes, but generally includes top and bottom walls, side walls, and opposite end walls. In a particular embodiment, the body member is generally box-shaped.
  • a connector position is disposed between the end walls, and a wire insertion opening is defined in each of the end walls such that at least one pair of the wire insertion openings is provided for each connector position to connect at least two separate wires.
  • a first contact element is disposed in the connector position coaxial with the wire insertion openings.
  • the body member comprises an upper shell member and a lower shell member, with the first contact element pressed into the lower shell member.
  • the first contact element generally has opposite end portions with a respective contact tab configured thereon, the contact tabs biased to a closed position across the respective wire insertion opening.
  • An actuator is configured with each wire insertion opening.
  • the actuators are movably displaceable through an opening in a wall of the body (e.g., the top wall) and include an engagement end in contact with a respective end of the first contact element.
  • the actuators are depressible (manually or with a tool) to move the contact tabs to an open position for insertion of a conductive core of a wire into the wire insertion opening beyond the contact tab, whereby upon release and return of the actuators, the contact tabs are biased against the conductive cores of the wires and the first contact element defines a conductive bridge between the terminal ends of the coaxially aligned wires.
  • the contact element may have various shapes or configurations.
  • the first contact element is a generally C-shaped member with an elongated bottom section and bent over, biased end portions.
  • the contact tabs may be formed at or adjacent to terminal ends of the bent over end portions.
  • the contact tabs may simply be a section of the bent over end portions.
  • the contact tabs are defined by angled cut-outs of the bent over end portions that extend at an angle above a plane of the end portion. These cut-outs may be in the terminal end of the end portions or spaced from the terminal ends. Accordingly, the engagement end of the actuators may engage the first contact element adja cent to the angled cut-outs, for example at a terminal end section of the contact element, or on opposite sides of the cut-out.
  • the engagement end of the actuators may have a recess disposed for receipt of the conductive core of the wire in the connected state with the connector.
  • the recess may further define a stop surface against which a terminal end of the conductive core of the wire abuts in the connected state.
  • the contact tabs are positioned to block passage of the conductive core of the wire further into the wire insertion opening until the contact tab is moved to an open position below the conductive core upon depression of the respective actuator.
  • the connector further includes a second contact element fixed in the body member at the connector position so as to bridge between the contact tabs of the first contact element.
  • the contact tabs are biased against the second contact element.
  • the conductive cores of the wires are in conductive contact with the second contact element as well, the second contact element thereby providing an additional conductive path between the opposite wires.
  • the connector is configured as a multi-way connector with a plurality of the first contact elements and associated pairs of wire insertion openings and actuators, whereby multiple pairs of wires may be connected via the connector.
  • the plurality of first contact elements may be electrically isolated from each other such that multiple pairs of connected wires are isolated from each other.
  • the multi-way connector may be configured as a shorting block wherein the plurality of first contact elements are electrically shorted together. With this configuration, any one wire connected to the connector is electrically connected to all other wires connected to the connector.
  • the multi-way connector may also include a plurality of second contact elements fixed in the body member at the different connector positions, with the second contact elements bridging between the contact tabs of the first contact elements. With this configuration, in the closed position the contact tabs are biased against the second contact element, and in the connected state the conductive core of the wires are in conductive contact with the second contact elements.
  • the second contact elements may be electrically shorted together in the shorting block configuration of the connector discussed above.
  • the connector 10 includes a body member 18 formed from any conventional insulator material, for example a high temperature plastic material such as STANYL high temperature resistant nylon.
  • the body member 18 can take on various shapes and sizes depending on its intended use, and in certain embodiments includes a top wall 20, bottom wall 22, side walls 24 and opposite longitudinal end walls 26.
  • the body member 18 is a generally box-shaped member defined by an upper shell member 28 and a mating lower shell member 30.
  • the body member 18 includes at least one connector position 34, which may be oriented between the end walls 26.
  • the connector 10 may include only one connector position 34 so that a single pair of wires12 may be connected.
  • the connector 10 may be configured with multiple connector positions 34 to mate a plurality of wire pairs, as depicted by the 3-way connector 10 in Figs. 6 and 7 wherein three pairs of wires 12 are electrically connected via the single connector 10.
  • the connector 10 of the present invention is not be limited to a 1-way or a 3-way connector, and that any number of connector positions 34 may be included in a single connector 10.
  • Wire insertion openings 32 are defined in each of the end walls 26 of the body member 18 at each of the connector positions 34.
  • the openings 32 are configured for receipt of the conductive core 14 of a particular gauge wire 12.
  • the openings 32 allow the conductive core 14 at a stripped end portion of the wire 12 to be inserted into the opening, and may accommodate a section of the sheath 16, as depicted in Figs. 4 and 5 . It should be appreciated that the size, depth, and configuration of the openings 32 may vary depending on the gauge of the wire 12.
  • a first contact element 36 is disposed at each of the connector positions 34.
  • the contact elements 36 may be formed from any conventional conductive material, for example a conventional copper alloy material having any desired thickness.
  • the contact elements 36 are fixed in the body member 18 by suitable means.
  • the contact elements 36 may be press fitted into recesses defined by walls 31 ( Figs. 8 and 9 ) or other retaining structure formed in the lower shell member 30 at each connector position 34, with the upper shell member 28 fitted over the lower shell member 30.
  • Each of the contact elements 36 includes opposite end portions 38 that may be defined by bent over portions of an initially flat conductive strip. The bent over portions 38 extend from a bend 44 back over a bottom section 42 in a generally C-shaped configuration and define the biased sections of the contact element 36.
  • a contact tab 46 is configured at each of the end portions 38.
  • This tab 46 may, in one embodiment, simply be a section of the end portion 38, for example a section adjacent to the terminal end 40 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the contact tabs 46 are defined by cut-out portions of the end portion 38 that are angled away from the plane of the end portion 38, as particularly illustrated in Figs. 3 through 5 .
  • the cut-outs may be in the terminal end 40 of the end portions 38 or spaced from the terminal ends.
  • the cut-out tabs 46 that are angled above the plane of the end portions 38 provide an increased height to the tabs (relative to the bottom section 42) without increasing the angle (and height) of the end portions 38.
  • the contact tabs 46 are biased to a closed position ( Fig. 3 ) across the respective wire insertion opening 32.
  • An actuator 50 is configured with each wire insertion opening 32 such that a pair of the actuators 50 are associated with each connector position 34.
  • the actuators 50 are movably displaceable through an opening 23 in a wall of the body 18 (e.g., the top wall 20 in the illustrated embodiment) and include a top end 52 ( Fig. 3 ) and an opposite engagement end 54 in contact with a respective end portion 38 of the first contact element 36 in the biased, closed position of the element 36, as depicted in Fig. 3 .
  • the pair of actuators 50 are configured adjacent to each other through a common opening 23 in the top wall 20.
  • a protective fence wall 25 surrounds the opening 23 through which the actuators 50 extend.
  • This wall 25 has a sufficient height such that the actuators must be purposefully depressed below the wall 25 in order to move the contact elements 36 to an open position.
  • the wall 25 thus prevents inadvertent actuation of the actuators 50.
  • the actuators 50 may be spaced apart and extend through separate openings 23 having separate fence walls 25. Ledges 60 defined on the engagement end 54 prevent the actuators from being pulled out of the body member 18 through the opening 23.
  • the actuators 50 are depressible (manually or with a tool) by pushing on the top end 52 such that the opposite engagement end 54 moves the biased contact tab 46 to an open position for insertion of the conductive core 14 of a wire 12 into the wire insertion opening 32 beyond the contact tab 46, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 .
  • the actuator 50 is released and the contact tab 46 moves into biased engagement against the wire core 14, as illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • Fig. 6 depicts a 3-way connector 10 configured for interconnecting pairs of wires 12a, 12b, and 12c. Respective pairs of actuators 50a, 50b, and 50c are provided for the wire insertion openings associated with each connector position 34.
  • One of the actuators 50a is depicted in the depressed state wherein the internal biased portion of the contact element 36 has been moved to allow for insertion of the wire 12a into the opening 32 so that that the conductive core 14a extends beyond the displaced contact tab. All of the other actuators 50a, 50b, and 50 are depicted in the "returned" state after their respective wires have been inserted.
  • Fig. 7 depicts both of the actuators 50a associated with the first connector position in the "open" state for simultaneous receipt of the pair of wires 12a.
  • the engagement end 54 of the actuators 50 may include a recess 56 defined therein for receipt of the terminal end of the wire conductive core 14 in the connected state of the wire 12 with the connector 10.
  • the recess 56 may further define a stop surface 58 against which the terminal end of the conductive core 14 abuts in the connected state.
  • the contact tabs 46 initially block passage of the conductive core 14 until the actuator 50 is depressed and the engagement end 54 pushes down on an end section 48 of the biased end portion 48 of the contact element 36, as shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the recess 56 aligns coaxially with the insertion opening 32 so that the conductive core 14 is able to move past the contact tab 46 and abut against the stop surface 58 (back wall of the recess 56).
  • the bias force of the contact end portion 38 causes the contact tab 46 to engage and "grip" the core 14.
  • the angle of the tab 46 generates a positive locking action on the core that prevents inadvertent withdrawal of the wire 12 from the connector 10 until the actuator 50 is again depressed to disengage the contact tab 46 from the core 14.
  • the actuators 50 will remain in the depressed state as depicted in Fig. 5 until subsequently depressed further to release the wires 12, upon which the actuators 50 will return to the position shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the connector 10 may further include a second contact element 62 fixed in the body member 18 at each connector position 34 to provide a redundant electrical connection between the conductive cores 14 of the wires 12.
  • this second contact element 62 is disposed so as to bridge between the contact tabs 46 of the first contact element 36.
  • the second contact elements 62 are particularly visible in the component views of Figs. 8 and 9 .
  • the second contact elements 62 include an opening 64 that accommodates movement of the actuators 50 through the element 62, as seen in Figs. 3 through 5 .
  • the contact tabs 46 are biased against end portions 66 of the second contact element 62.
  • the wire conductive cores 14 are pressed into conductive contact with the end portions 66, with the second contact element 62 thereby providing a redundant conductive path between the opposite wires 12.
  • the connector 10 may be configured as a multi-way connector with the plurality of first contact elements 36 electrically isolated from each other within the body 18 such that multiple pairs of connected wires are isolated from each other.
  • the connector 10 may be configured as a shorting block wherein the plurality of first contact elements 36 and second contact elements 62 are electrically shorted together with shorting bridges 68. With this configuration, any one wire 12 connected to the connector 10 is electrically connected to all other wires 12 electrically connected to the connector 10.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Connecteur fil à fil électrique configuré pour connecter des fils (12) dans une configuration bout en bout, ledit connecteur comportant :
    un membre de corps isolant comprenant des parois de dessus (20) et de fond (22), des parois d'extrémité opposées (26) et une position de connecteur interne (34) disposée entre lesdits parois d'extrémité (26) ;
    une ouverture (32) d'insertion de fil définie dans chacune desdites parois d'extrémité (26) ;
    un premier élément de contact (36) disposé dans ladite position de connecteur (34) de manière coaxiale avec lesdites ouvertures d'insertion de fils (32), ledit premier élément de contact (36) comprenant des parties d'extrémité opposées (38) avec une patte de contact (46) respective configurée sur elles, lesdites pattes de contact (46) étant biaisées vers une position de fermeture au travers de ladite ouverture (32) d'insertion de fil ;
    un actionneur (50) configuré avec chacune desdites ouvertures (32) d'insertion de fil, lesdits actionneurs (50) étant déplaçables à travers une ouverture (23) dans une paroi (20) dudit membre de corps (18) et comportant en outre une extrémité d'encliquetage (54) en contact avec une partie d'extrémité (38) respective dudit premier élément de contact (36) ;
    lesdits actionneurs (50) pouvant être enfoncés manuellement pour déplacer lesdites pattes de contact (46) vers une position d'ouverture pour l'insertion d'une âme conductrice (14) d'un fil (12) dans ladite ouverture (32) d'insertion de fil derrière ladite patte de contact (46), sachant qu'au relâchement, lesdits actionneurs (50) se déplacent vers une position de retour avec lesdites pattes de contact (46) biaisées vers l'âme conductrice (14) de fils opposés (12) ;
    dans lequel l'âme conductrice (14) d'un fil (12) inséré dans ladite ouverture (32) d'insertion de fil est relâchée par un abaissement subséquent desdits actionneurs (50) et un désencliquetage de ladite patte de contact (46) depuis l'âme conductrice (14) du fil (12) ;
    caractérisé en ce que lesdites pattes de contact (46) sont définies par des parties découpées des parties d'extrémité (38) dudit premier élément de contact (36), lesdites parties découpées étant anguleuses vers le haut, vers ladite ouverture (32) d'insertion de fil ; et
    dans lequel ladite extrémité d'encliquetage (54) desdits actionneurs (50) entre en prise avec ledit premier élément de contact (36) adjacents auxdites parties découpées anguleuses.
  2. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite extrémité d'encliquetage (54) desdits actionneurs (50) comporte un retrait (56) pour recevoir l'âme conductrice (14) du fil (12) à l'état connecté avec ledit connecteur (10), ledit retrait (56) définissant une surface d'arrêt contre laquelle vient en butée une partie d'extrémité de l'âme conductrice (14) du fil (12) à l'état connecté.
  3. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdites pattes de contact (46) bloquent le passage plus avancé de l'âme conductrice (14) du fil (12) dans ladite ouverture (32) d'insertion de fil jusqu'à ce qu'elles soient déplacées à une position sous l'âme conductrice (14) à l'abaissement dudit actionneur (50) respectif.
  4. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, comportant en outre un second élément de contact (62) fixé dans ledit membre de corps (18) à ladite position de connecteur, ledit second élément de contact (62) faisant pont entre lesdites pattes de contact (46) dudit premier élément de contact (36), de sorte qu'à ladite position fermée, lesdites pattes de contact (46) soient biaisées vers ledit second élément de contact (62).
  5. Connecteur selon la revendication 4, dans lequel à l'état connecté, les âmes conductrices (14) des fils (12) sont en contact conducteur avec ledit second élément de contact (62), ledit second élément de contact (62) fournissant ainsi un chemin conducteur redondant entre les fils opposés (12).
  6. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit connecteur (10) est configuré sous forme de connecteur à voies multiples, avec une multitude desdits premiers éléments de contact (36) et desdites ouvertures (32) d'insertion de fils et actionneurs (50) associés, sachant que des paires de fils (12) multiples peuvent être connectées via ledit connecteur (10).
  7. Connecteur selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite multitude de premiers éléments de contact (36) sont électriquement isolés les uns des autres.
  8. Connecteur selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite multitude de premiers éléments de contact (36) sont électriquement court-circuités ensemble, de sorte que chaque fil (12) individuel connecté audit connecteur (10) soit électriquement connecté à tous les autres fils (12) connectés audit connecteur (10).
  9. Connecteur selon la revendication 8, comportant en outre une multitude de seconds éléments de contact (62) fixés dans ledit membre de corps (18) auxdites positions de connecteur, lesdits seconds éléments de contact (62) faisant pont entre lesdites pattes de contact (46) desdits premiers éléments de contact (36), de sorte qu'à ladite position fermée, lesdites pattes de contact (46) soient biaisées vers ledit second élément de contact (62), et dans lequel, à l'état connecté, les âmes conductrices (14) des fils (12) sont en contact conducteur avec lesdits seconds éléments de contact (62), lesdits seconds éléments de contact (62) étant également court-circuités ensemble électriquement.
  10. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit membre de corps (18) comporte un membre de coque supérieur (28) et un membre de coque inférieur (30), lesdits premiers éléments de contact (36) étant sertis dans ledit membre de coque inférieur (30).
  11. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, comportant en outre une paroi de clôture (25) entourant ladite ouverture (23) dans ladite paroi (20) à travers laquelle lesdits actionneurs (50) sont enfoncés, ladite paroi de clôture (25) possédant une hauteur relative à ladite paroi (20), de sorte que lesdits actionneurs (50) doivent être déplacés au-dessous de ladite paroi de clôture (25) pour déplacer lesdites pattes de contact (46) vers la position ouverte.
  12. Connecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit premier élément de contact (36) comporte un membre généralement en forme de C avec une partie de fond allongée (42) et des parties d'extrémité (38) repliées.
EP12159409.7A 2011-03-15 2012-03-14 Connecteur de boucle Not-in-force EP2500982B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/048,186 US8262405B1 (en) 2011-03-15 2011-03-15 Wire-to-wire connector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2500982A1 EP2500982A1 (fr) 2012-09-19
EP2500982B1 true EP2500982B1 (fr) 2016-09-14

Family

ID=45887947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12159409.7A Not-in-force EP2500982B1 (fr) 2011-03-15 2012-03-14 Connecteur de boucle

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8262405B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2500982B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012195292A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120105383A (fr)
CN (1) CN102882024B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2012195292A (ja) 2012-10-11
KR20120105383A (ko) 2012-09-25
EP2500982A1 (fr) 2012-09-19
US20120238154A1 (en) 2012-09-20
US8262405B1 (en) 2012-09-11
CN102882024B (zh) 2016-03-16
CN102882024A (zh) 2013-01-16

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