EP2498983B1 - Dispositif et procédé pour la formation de piles de sachets - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé pour la formation de piles de sachets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2498983B1 EP2498983B1 EP10771763.9A EP10771763A EP2498983B1 EP 2498983 B1 EP2498983 B1 EP 2498983B1 EP 10771763 A EP10771763 A EP 10771763A EP 2498983 B1 EP2498983 B1 EP 2498983B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- bags
- bag
- collecting point
- separating device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H29/00—Delivering or advancing articles from machines; Advancing articles to or into piles
- B65H29/26—Delivering or advancing articles from machines; Advancing articles to or into piles by dropping the articles
- B65H29/32—Delivering or advancing articles from machines; Advancing articles to or into piles by dropping the articles from pneumatic, e.g. suction, carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H31/00—Pile receivers
- B65H31/30—Arrangements for removing completed piles
- B65H31/3081—Arrangements for removing completed piles by acting on edge of the pile for moving it along a surface, e.g. by pushing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H31/00—Pile receivers
- B65H31/32—Auxiliary devices for receiving articles during removal of a completed pile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
- B31B70/74—Auxiliary operations
- B31B70/92—Delivering
- B31B70/98—Delivering in stacks or bundles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
- B65H2301/40—Type of handling process
- B65H2301/42—Piling, depiling, handling piles
- B65H2301/422—Handling piles, sets or stacks of articles
- B65H2301/4226—Delivering, advancing piles
- B65H2301/42266—Delivering, advancing piles by acting on edge of the pile for moving it along a surface, e.g. pushing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
- B65H2701/19—Specific article or web
- B65H2701/191—Bags, sachets and pouches or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for forming stacks of bags according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method according to the preamble of claim 8.
- Bags are made individually in bag making machines. Foil bags are provided with welds and usually separated at the same time.
- hoses are first formed from paper webs and separated pieces of tubing. At the leading end of each paper tube piece, a bottom is formed.
- the bags thus formed are stacked in a stack forming apparatus so that the bags can be discharged in batches and packaged and / or further processed.
- Such a device for producing stacks is in the Laid-open publication DE 30 40 021 A1 disclosed.
- a transport device is shown, which fixes a single bag due to a negative pressure with the lower run of a suction belt from above and pulls it to a collection point.
- the bag is released from the suction belt with a release device by a knockdown presses the bag onto the collection point.
- the bag is pulled off the suction openings of the suction belt.
- a conveyor belt on which the stack has been formed is moved. Now a new stack is created at a free collection point of the conveyor belt.
- a disadvantage of this device is that the feed rate and thus the speed of the bag machine are severely limited. If the feed speed were increased, then at the beginning of a new stack, the previous stack could not have been sufficiently removed. In the production of foil bags, this disadvantage is acceptable, since the production speed is limited by other factors.
- the DE 201 20 735 U1 discloses an apparatus and a method according to the preamble of claims 1 and 8, respectively.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to propose an apparatus and a method for forming stacks of bags, in which the stacking speed is sufficiently high and which cause a small space requirement.
- a separating device which can be introduced into or above the stack in the collection point and divides the stack into a first and a second stack.
- a separator can be introduced at a high speed in the stack or above the stack already formed. Preferably, this separator is placed above the stack when the stack has reached the desired number of bags. The following bags are thus placed above the separator. Portions of the bag rest on the separator. The resulting first stack, which is located below the separator, can now be removed without the second stack started above the separator is significantly affected. Since the introduction of the separator can be done within a few milliseconds, this process is usually completed before the first bag of the second stack reaches the collection point. The separator does not need to cover the entire surface of a bag by far. It is sufficient if only one edge, preferably the edge running ahead during the transport of the bag, is covered.
- the separating device comprises at least one holding device, with which at least the lower bag of the second stack is durable. With this holding device so the begun, second stack can be fixed in its position. As a result, the influence of the first stack during its removal is additionally minimized.
- the separating device comprises at least one wedge-shaped finger.
- a wedge-shaped element can be easily inserted between two bags, without causing problems. This shape is advantageous when the first bag of the second stack is already thrown while the element is still moving.
- the separating device comprises at least one bore which can be acted upon by negative pressure.
- This suction hole thus serves as a holding device.
- This embodiment lends itself to because there are several suction openings on devices for bag production and therefore there is already a vacuum supply device, for example in the form of a vacuum pump.
- Fig. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for the formation of stacks 3 of bags 2.
- These bags 2 are manufactured in a device for the production of bags, the storage cylinder 4 is indicated.
- the AbMlfinger 5 individual bags are lifted from the storage cylinder and deflected onto the or the transport belt 7 of the transport device 6.
- Each bag is carried forward with its folded end 13.
- the folded end 13 forms the bottom and points to the outside, so that the bag rests with its back completely on the conveyor belt.
- the transport device 6 comprises a plurality of adjacent conveyor belts 7, which rotate at the same speed. They run over the discs 8, 9, and 10, whereby more or less discs can be provided.
- the bags 2 can be fixed to the transport belt 7 in various ways during transport.
- One possible embodiment is the suction by means of negative pressure, as it is already in the DE 30 40 021 A1 is described.
- the conveyor belt suction openings whose respective distance is greater than the largest, can be produced with the bag machine bag length.
- the transport belt 7 are led to suction boxes 11, 12, which are each connected to a vacuum source, but this is not shown in detail.
- the disc 10 is also designed so that the suction openings of the conveyor belt 7 can be acted upon by a negative pressure.
- the suction box 12 comprises an extension 14, which is displaceable in the direction of the double arrow 15.
- the dashed line shows the groove 16 of the suction box 12 (not shown) extending recess 16 is shown.
- the stop 17 may be rake-shaped or fork-shaped and engage between the individual conveyor belt 7.
- the extension 14 and the stop 17 are displaceable by means of a suitable adjusting device (not shown in detail).
- This adjusting device can be a spindle-spindle nut combination, which can be driven by hand and / or by motor, for example by an electric motor. Other adjustment arrangements are conceivable.
- the adjusting device can be attached to a wall or support of the machine frame, not shown.
- the extension 14 In order not to damage the bag when dropped after the removal of the negative pressure, the extension 14 still includes a further opening 19 which is acted upon by an overpressure. The bags 2 are thus repelled when the suction openings of the conveyor belt 7 pass through this opening.
- the so transported to the stop 17 and there ejected bag 2 are placed in the collection point 20 to a stack 3.
- the collection point 20 comprises a collection table 21, which comprises a plurality of parallel webs, which are not visible in the illustration shown. These webs again engage through the stop 17.
- the collecting table 21 is movable along the double arrow 22 and can be moved downwards after each bag throw by a small distance, which is correlated with the thickness of the bag 2.
- a stack 3 of bags 2 until it includes the desired number of bags. Such a condition is in the FIG. 2 shown.
- FIG. 3 shows the device after the introduction of the separating fingers 23.
- the separating fingers 23 of a holding device 24, for example a holding plate are arranged displaceably.
- the displacement corrections are indicated by the double arrow 25.
- a displacement drive 26 may be provided a piston-cylinder unit. However, it is every other, very fast acting drive used. Also advantageous would be linear motors, which in addition to their speed also have a very high positioning quality.
- the displacement drive 26 is supported on the holding device 24.
- the introduction of the separating fingers 23 takes place so fast that the next following bag 2 'can be dropped onto the separating fingers 23. In this way, the separating finger separates the finished first stack from the newly started stack 3 '.
- the holding plate 24 in the vertical direction of movement, which is illustrated by the double arrow 27, be displaced.
- the holding plate may be operatively connected to the collecting table 21 to allow a common displacement.
- the holding plate and / or the separating fingers 23 with the displacement drive 26 must be displaceable relative to the collecting table in this case in order to set the desired stack height can.
- this adjustment must be made only before production.
- the displacement of the collecting table and the holding plate takes place during bag making. Accordingly, a motor-driven, precisely positionable displacement device is to be provided here.
- the support plate 24 must be displaceable synchronously with the stop 17 and / or the extension 14 along the double arrow 28 for adaptation to the bag length.
- the first stack 3, which is now below the stack 3 'which is being set up, can now be removed.
- a slider 29 which comprises a plurality of bars (only the front is visible).
- abutment elements 31 are provided, which can grip like a fork between the webs of the collecting table 21.
- the abutment elements 31 are also surmounted by a wedge 30 or a plurality of wedges, which can be introduced into the clearance created by the separating fingers 23 between the stack 3 and the stack 3 '.
- the slider 29 is supported on a support device 32, which in turn is connected to a carriage 33.
- This carriage 33 is shown along a rail assembly 34, for example, a single rail is shown here, in the direction of the double arrow 35 slidably.
- the rail arrangement is also displaceable in the direction of the double arrow 36, so that the vertical position of the slider 29 is adaptable to the position of said free space.
- the slider can be moved along the direction of displacement 35. This is in the FIG. 5 shown.
- the new stack 3 ' can be formed on the surface facing the stack 3'. The slider can thus take over the function of the collecting table 21 during this time.
- the separating fingers 23 shown in the embodiment shown comprise at the top openings 37, which can be acted upon by a negative pressure. This negative pressure can already be switched when the first bag 2 'of the new stack 3' rests on the separating finger 23. This can lead to an improvement in the quality of the stack 3 'during its formation.
- the opening 37 and the channels 38 and the suction line 39 are in the FIG. 1 shown.
- the holding device may for example also be designed mechanically. One or more grippers could detect at least the lower bag. Also on the basis of other physical principles working holding devices are conceivable.
- the stack 3 is displaced by the slider opposite to the transport direction x of the bag 2 just before it is dropped off. This direction points away from the separating fingers 23, so that the lower bag 2 'of the new stack 3' struck and its damage is avoided.
- the stack 3 is moved to a storage device 40, from where it can be further transported or removed. After the stack 3 has completely left the collecting table 21, it is raised again and moved under the lower bag of the new stack 3 '. This condition is in the FIG. 6 shown.
- the stack 3 ' is now on the collecting table 21, so that the separating fingers 23 can be brought back into the starting position, which in the FIG. 7 is shown. Also, the slider 29 can be moved back to its original position, so now again the state according to FIG. 1 is made.
- the individual components necessary for the described method and the described device can be arranged in different ways and optionally joined together without departing from the inventive idea.
- the said displacement devices and the necessary drives can be configured in various ways. Particularly noteworthy, however, is the use of linear motors, which allow rapid shifts and can also be positioned very accurately. Linear motors can be used for all displacement devices described above.
- FIG. 8 shows a device in which the separating finger 23 is not carried out horizontally, but vertically displaceable. This is advantageous because there is no risk during the introduction of the separating finger to move the bag. In addition, with the discarding of the upper bag 2 of the stack 3, the separating finger 23 can be moved so that it is not necessary to wait until the falling bag completely rests on the stack. So this brings a time advantage. In the upper position is the separating finger between or above the suction channels 12 and / or the extension 14, so that the formation of the stack 3 is not disturbed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
Claims (8)
- Dispositif pour la formation de piles (3) de sachets (2), de préférence de sachets en papier, qui peuvent être transportés individuellement, comprenant:- au moins un premier dispositif de transport (6), avec lequel des sachets individuels (2) peuvent être repris,- un point de regroupement (20), auquel les sachets (2) peuvent être amenés par le dispositif de transport (6) et dans lequel une pile (3) de sachets (2) peut être produite,- un dispositif d'enlèvement, avec lequel les sachets (2) peuvent être enlevés du dispositif de transport (6) et déposés au point de regroupement (20),dans lequel il est prévu au moins un dispositif de séparation (23), qui peut être introduit dans ou au-dessus de la pile (3) au point de regroupement (20) et qui divise la pile en une première pile (3) et une deuxième pile (3'),
caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un tiroir (29) avec plusieurs poutres et des éléments d'appui (31) disposés perpendiculairement à celles-ci, avec lequel (29), après l'introduction du dispositif de séparation (23), la première pile (3) peut être évacuée hors du point de regroupement (3), dans lequel la nouvelle pile peut être formée, pendant l'opération de déplacement, sur la face du tiroir (29) tournée vers la pile. - Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'appui sont prolongés par au moins un coin, qui peut être introduit dans l'espace libre produit par le dispositif de séparation (23) entre la première pile (3) et la deuxième pile (3').
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de séparation comprend au moins un dispositif de retenue, avec lequel au moins le sachet inférieur de la deuxième pile peut être retenu.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de séparation comprend au moins un doigt en forme de coin.
- Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le doigt en forme de coin peut être introduit au-dessus de la première pile, avant que le premier sachet de la deuxième pile puisse être déposé au point de regroupement.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de séparation comprend au moins un perçage, qui peut être soumis à une dépression.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de séparation comprend au moins une pince.
- Procédé pour la formation de piles de sachets, de préférence de sachets en papier, qui peuvent être transportés individuellement, dans lequel:des sachets individuels peuvent être repris par au moins un premier dispositif de transport,les sachets sont amenés par le dispositif de transport à un point de regroupement et une pile de sachets est produite à cet endroit,les sachets sont enlevés du dispositif de transport par un dispositif d'enlèvement et ils sont déposés au point de regroupement,dans lequel un dispositif de séparation est introduit dans ou au-dessus de la pile au point de regroupement et divise la pile en une première pile et une deuxième pile,caractérisé en ce que l'on évacue la première pile (3) hors du point de regroupement (3) avec un tiroir (29) comportant plusieurs poutres et des éléments d'appui (31) disposés perpendiculairement à celles-ci, après l'introduction du dispositif de séparation, dans lequel on forme pendant l'opération de déplacement la nouvelle pile sur la face du tiroir (29) tournée vers la pile.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009046590A DE102009046590A1 (de) | 2009-11-10 | 2009-11-10 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bildung von Stapeln aus Beuteln |
PCT/EP2010/066648 WO2011057919A1 (fr) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-11-02 | Dispositif et procédé pour la formation de piles de sachets |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2498983A1 EP2498983A1 (fr) | 2012-09-19 |
EP2498983B1 true EP2498983B1 (fr) | 2016-02-17 |
Family
ID=43414732
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10771763.9A Active EP2498983B1 (fr) | 2009-11-10 | 2010-11-02 | Dispositif et procédé pour la formation de piles de sachets |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9427927B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2498983B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2780376C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102009046590A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011057919A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8833758B2 (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2014-09-16 | Vits America, Inc. | Stacker |
DE102019102775A1 (de) | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-06 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Bogenbearbeitungsmaschine mit Formgebungseinrichtung und oberem Saugtransportmittel |
DE102019102774A1 (de) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-06 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Bogenauslage, eine Bogenbearbeitungsmaschine und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Bogenbearbeitungsmaschine |
CN111924352B (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2021-08-10 | 南京昱晟机器人科技有限公司 | 一种自动干燥的智能纸袋存放机 |
CN112519324B (zh) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江省邮电印刷股份有限公司 | 一种信封纸袋糊盒机 |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2853299A (en) * | 1954-04-05 | 1958-09-23 | Kimberly Clark Co | Layboy |
US2852989A (en) * | 1954-08-09 | 1958-09-23 | Crown Zellerbach Corp | Stacker and delivery mechanism for paper products and the like |
DE1296502B (de) | 1966-08-31 | 1969-05-29 | Gartemann & Hollmann Gmbh | Anordnung zum Paketieren von Grosssaecken |
DE1561445A1 (de) * | 1966-08-31 | 1970-04-02 | Gartemann & Hollmann Gmbh | Paketiervorrichtung fuer Grosssaecke |
US3643816A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1972-02-22 | Weber & Co Inc H G | Stacker for bags and the like |
US3889824A (en) * | 1972-11-28 | 1975-06-17 | Masson Scott Thrissell Eng Ltd | Apparatus for ejecting stacks of articles from containers |
DE2357658A1 (de) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-05-22 | Windmoeller & Hoelscher | Vorrichtung zum bilden von stapeln aus kunststoffbeuteln oder tragetaschen |
US4131208A (en) * | 1977-08-03 | 1978-12-26 | Container Corporation Of America | Feed mechanism for carton blanks |
US4195959A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1980-04-01 | Columbia Machine, Inc. | Article stacking apparatus |
DE2819563C2 (de) * | 1978-05-05 | 1984-12-13 | Hans 5216 Niederkassel Lehmacher | Vorrichtung zum Stapeln von Kunststoffbeuteln |
DE3040021A1 (de) | 1980-10-23 | 1982-05-13 | Windmöller & Hölscher, 4540 Lengerich | Vorrichtung zum bilden und stapeln von von einer folienschlauchbahn abgetrennten abschnitten |
DE3043035C2 (de) * | 1980-11-14 | 1983-11-10 | Stiegler, Karl Heinz, 7000 Stuttgart | Maschine zum Herstellen von Kunststoffbeuteln mit einer Stapelstation |
DE3046107C2 (de) | 1980-12-06 | 1982-11-18 | Bielomatik Leuze Gmbh + Co, 7442 Neuffen | Vorrichtung zum Ablegen von Bogen zu einem Stapel |
CH650985A5 (de) * | 1981-05-12 | 1985-08-30 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | Verfahren zum entnehmen von wenigstens einem flachen gegenstand aus einem stapel und anwendung des verfahrens. |
DE4011286A1 (de) | 1990-04-06 | 1991-10-17 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Bogenausleger fuer druckmaschinen oder dergleichen |
FR2715911B1 (fr) * | 1994-02-07 | 1996-04-19 | Martin Sa | Station d'empilage, de séparation et d'évacuation de lots d'éléments en plaque empilés en sortie d'une machine de transformation de tels éléments. |
DE19541792B4 (de) | 1995-11-09 | 2004-09-30 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Einrichtung zur Hilfsstapelbildung beim Nonstopstapelwechsel im Ausleger einer Druckmaschine |
CA2199921A1 (fr) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-12 | Paul Selle | Methode et appareil pour empiler et accumuler des sacs |
DE19928367A1 (de) | 1999-06-21 | 2000-12-28 | Will E C H Gmbh & Co | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Wechseln von Paletten für Bogenstapel |
US6497549B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2002-12-24 | J & L Development, Inc. | Counter-ejector |
JP2005096995A (ja) * | 2003-09-01 | 2005-04-14 | Isowa Corp | シート群の集積排出装置 |
MX2007002109A (es) * | 2004-08-27 | 2007-09-14 | Kontrelmec S L | Aparato y procedimiento para descargar elementos laminares de un rodillo, y transferir pilas de elementos laminares, y rodillo utilizado. |
DE202007002477U1 (de) | 2007-02-20 | 2007-06-14 | Ingenieurgesellschaft Röhrig GmbH | Anordnung zur Herstellung von Paketen bestehend aus einer Mehrzahl von Beuteln |
-
2009
- 2009-11-10 DE DE102009046590A patent/DE102009046590A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-11-02 CA CA2780376A patent/CA2780376C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-11-02 WO PCT/EP2010/066648 patent/WO2011057919A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-11-02 US US13/509,081 patent/US9427927B2/en active Active
- 2010-11-02 EP EP10771763.9A patent/EP2498983B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120282074A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
WO2011057919A1 (fr) | 2011-05-19 |
US9427927B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 |
EP2498983A1 (fr) | 2012-09-19 |
DE102009046590A1 (de) | 2011-05-12 |
CA2780376C (fr) | 2017-12-12 |
CA2780376A1 (fr) | 2011-05-19 |
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