Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/63—Control systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
  • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
  • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
  • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
  • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
  • H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
  • H01M6/5038—Heating or cooling of cells or batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
  • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• Electrochemical energy store and method for the thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store are Electrochemical energy store and method for the thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store
• the present invention relates to an electrochemical energy store and a method for the thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store, in particular of a lithium-ion accumulator.
• US 5,574,355 A describes a device for detecting a thermal run away for use in connection with the charging of batteries.
• This device has a circuit for determining the internal resistance or the conductivity of a battery.
• a circuit detects an increase in the internal battery conductivity or a drop in the internal battery resistance and generates a corresponding output signal. This output signal indicates the presence or presence of thermal runaway in this battery.
• the circuit can be used to control the charging of the battery.
• No. 5,642,100 A describes an energy management system, a method and a device for controlling the thermal run-away in the battery of a telecommunication exchange station or in a battery charging system connected thereto.
• the system draws power from a power supply and passes the power through a rectifier to the battery and a load.
• the system has a low voltage circuit breaker that allows the battery to be disconnected from the power.
• a measuring resistor is used to generate a first signal that represents the current flow through the rectifier.
• One another measuring resistor is used to generate a second signal representing the current flow through the load.
• a third value is generated which represents the difference between the first signal and the second signal.
• the microprocessor is also used to generate a signal indicative of a thermal run away when the third value exceeds a predetermined threshold. In this case, the battery can be disconnected from the power.
• US 5,710,507 A describes a circuit and method for its use for selecting the operating mode of a charging circuit for a backup battery.
• the operating mode selection circuit contains a transducer to convert a temperature value
• the circuit further includes a mode change circuit connected to the temperature transducer for selecting between a heating mode or a charging mode.
• heating mode the backup battery is heated by an external power supply.
• charging mode charging mode
• the energy source is used to charge the battery.
• the US 7,061, 208 B2 describes a temperature controller for controlling the temperature of a storage battery.
• This controller contains a thermoelectric transducer with two contact points.
• the first contact pad is thermally coupled to one or more storage batteries, and the second interface is thermally thermally coupled to a thermal contactor
• Action acceleration medium coupled, which accelerates the thermal effect of the second interface.
• the first interface and the second interface work in opposite directions, ie they operate the heat dissipation or heat absorption depending on the polarity of the battery. In this way it is possible for the heat regulator to cool or warm the battery.
• the electrochemical energy store according to the invention has at least one galvanic cell which contains or has a component or device which, at least locally exceeding a limit temperature in the interior of the galvanic cell, at least temporarily reduces the heat production inside the galvanic cell and / or at least temporarily Increasing the heat output of this cell causes its environment.
• a component or a device which contains or comprises this galvanic cell causes an at least temporary overshoot of a limit temperature in the interior of the galvanic cell
• the inventively provided component or device that causes at least locally exceeding a limit temperature inside the galvanic cell at least temporary reduction of heat production inside the galvanic cell and / or an at least temporary increase in the heat emission of this cell to its environment, for example, a chemical Substance or a mixture of substances which is in dissolved or undissolved form inside the galvanic cell;
• a chemical Substance or a mixture of substances which is in dissolved or undissolved form inside the galvanic cell;
• Preferably arranged in one of the structures which form the electrochemically active or the electrochemical processes supporting or enabling components of the cell so for example in or on the electrodes, the separators or in the electrolyte.
• an electrochemical energy store is to be understood as meaning any type of energy store, from which electrical energy can be taken, wherein an electrochemical reaction takes place in the interior of the energy store.
• the term encompasses in particular galvanic cells of all kinds, in particular primary cells, secondary cells and assemblies of such cells into batteries from such cells.
• electrochemical energy stores usually have negative and positive electrodes, which are separated by a so-called separator. Between the electrodes there is an ion transport through an electrolyte. Under an electrochemical energy storage but should also be understood fuel cells.
• thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store is intended to mean any measure which is suitable for protecting the electrochemical energy store against impairments or damage which could arise from an at least local exceeding of a limit temperature in the interior of the electrochemical energy store.
• a limiting temperature is to be understood as meaning a temporal development of the temperature or of the temperature distribution in the interior of the electrochemical energy store, in which a limit temperature is temporarily or permanently exceeded at least at one point or in a spatial subarea.
• the heat production in the interior of the galvanic cell or of the electrochemical energy store is to be understood as the amount of heat per unit of time which is formed inside the galvanic cell or the electrochemical energy store, for example as chemical reaction heat or through other dissipative processes.
• the heat output of a galvanic cell or of an electrochemical energy store to its environment must be distinguished from heat production. This takes place via heat flows over the outer limits of a galvanic see cell or an electrochemical energy storage.
• heat production may be negative, such as when an endothermic chemical reaction occurs inside a galvanic cell or an electrochemical energy store, or, for example, if there is a heat sink inside a galvanic cell or electrochemical energy store. Nevertheless, the term heat production is used independently of the sign of this quantity. Similarly, the heat transfer can be done not only from the inside of a galvanic cell or an electrochemical energy storage outward but also in the opposite direction, for example, in situations where a galvanic cell receives heat from a neighboring galvanic cell. In these cases, the heat release assumes negative values, which apparently corresponds to a heat absorption. The term heat dissipation should therefore include the case of heat absorption.
• Energy storage at least one chemical reaction or at least one mass transport in the interior of a galvanic cell of the electrochemical energy storage is at least locally influenced in such a way that the heat production inside the galvanic cell falls on or below the heat release of this cell over its spatial limits.
• the control of heat production by influencing chemical reactions or mass transport can often be done relatively quickly, whereby a rapid and effective thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy storage is possible.
• a thermal stabilization is possible even in extreme situations, for example, when occurring or in advance of a so-called "thermal runaway", in which a self-accelerating
• At least one chemical reaction or at least one mass transport in the interior of the galvanic cell is at least locally inhibited, ie suppressed, limited or prevented.
• the at least local suppression, limitation or prevention of a chemical reaction leads in particular to a particularly effective thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store, if this is an exothermic chemical reaction or a chemical reaction, the product of which is a starting material inside the galvanic cell also expiring exothermic reaction.
• the inhibition of a chemical reaction or mass transfer inside the galvanic cell is preferably effected by suitable separator materials and / or separator structures, which influence, for example, the ion flux as a function of the local temperature or as a function of the strength of the local ion flux.
• Such separator materials or separator structures preferably consist of a porous or microporous carrier with a coating of materials which lower the ion transport through the pores above a limiting temperature.
• Fuses are used, which electrically isolate a galvanic cell from impending overheating from their environment, or with heat pumps, such as heat pumps of the Peltier type having a hot and a cold heat transfer point and preferably a semiconductor element, which transports heat energy between the two heat transfer points .
• Further preferred alternative or to be combined measures form current shutdowns or current limits by means of current sensors for measuring the battery current.
• the thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store can be significantly improved over the corresponding individual measures.
• the thermal conductivity in the interior of the galvanic cell temporarily or permanently increased at least locally.
• heat pumps for example by those of the Peltier type, which are then preferably arranged in the galvanic cell so that an effective heat transfer with simultaneous extensive or complete isolation of these heat pumps against a mass transfer with the other cell components is possible .
• the heat output of this cell is temporarily or permanently increased at least locally over its spatial limits.
• heat pumps for example those of the Peltier type, can advantageously be used.
• Such heat pumps may, in connection with all the aforementioned embodiments of the invention, be preferably controlled by sensor signals in connection with microprocessors, for example by the signals from temperature sensors or from sensors for measuring the current delivered or received by the energy store or one of its cells.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the heat production in the interior and the heat emission of an electrochemical energy storage device with a galvanic cell.
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the heat production in the interior and the heat transfer conditions of an electrochemical energy store with a plurality of galvanic cells
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an electrochemical energy store with a stack of a plurality of electrodes separated by a separator
• Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the ion transport operations
• FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the ion transport operations
• FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of an inventive electrochemical energy store according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention with a locally increased thermal conductivity in the interior of the galvanic cell and a locally increased heat output through the outer limits of the galvanic cell.
• a heat production 2 which is associated with an increase in temperature inside the galvanic cell, unless the heat generated by a correspondingly large heat output 3 is dissipated via the outer limits 1 of the galvanic cell.
• the temperature rises if or as long as the heat production exceeds the heat release. The temperature drops, if or as long as the
• the heat output 3 of a galvanic cell over its outer limits is determined essentially by the temperature of the galvanic cell in the region of the outer limits, ie for example by the temperature of the packaging film or by the temperature of the housing.
• the heat production 2 inside a galvanic cell initially increases the temperature inside this galvanic cell.
• Heat transfer processes in the interior of the galvanic cell whose size and size are mainly determined by the thermal conductivity and in some cases by other phenomena such as convection currents, result in a temperature compensation inside the galvanic cell, as a result of which the temperature in the galvanic cell Inside of the galvanic cell equalizes the temperature at the boundaries of the cell.
• this process is done not instantaneously, but is usually associated with delays, with the delay times depending on the heat transport properties of the material inside the galvanic cell.
• the heat transport processes in the interior of the galvanic cell usually no longer sufficient to increase the temperature inside the galvanic cell above a critical limit temperature to prevent.
• Cascade effect causes a plurality of adjacent cells in a thermal runaway state.
• an electrochemical energy store having at least one spatially limited galvanic cell has a component or component contains or has a device that causes at least locally exceeding a limit temperature inside the galvanic cell that the heat production inside the galvanic cell drops to or below the heat release of this cell over their spatial limits.
• Figure 3 shows schematically a galvanic cell with a so-called electrode stack of positive electrodes 8 and negative
• these ion streams 1 1 between the electrodes through the separators 10 lead to a heat production and to corresponding heat transports 12 from the interior to the boundaries of the galvanic cell.
• the heat output 3, ie the heat flows over the outer limits of the galvanic cell from the inside into the environment of the cell, so as not to raise the temperature of the cell to critical values.
• FIG. 6 schematically shows an electronic energy store according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention with a locally inhibited ion transport 15 and / or with a locally inhibited chemical reaction 15.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a whole class of embodiments of the present invention by the mechanism of inhibiting the chemical reaction or transport.
• the inhibition can be done in quite different ways.
• a first possibility is to accommodate a substance that interferes with the intended cell reaction in the galvanic cell in such a way that this substance does not become effective in normal operation. This can be done, for example, by including this reagent in a thermoplastic capsule material which is placed in proximity to the battery electrodes or within the separator structures. If the melting point of the thermoplastic inclusion material is suitably selected, it is possible for the electrochemical cell reaction to release interfering reagent by melting the thermoplastic material when the temperature inside the cell becomes certain
• Limit value namely the melting point of the material exceeds.
• This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that a
• Inhibition of the chemical reaction which would cause an increase in temperature, can already take place before this temperature increase has reached a critical value. This avoids or mitigates the problem of delayed temperature alignment within the cell.
• This embodiment of the invention can be realized particularly advantageously if a coating with capsules containing the interfering reagent is applied to the electrodes and releasing the reagent when the ion current through this electrode exceeds a certain value.
• Another possibility for local inhibition of the cell reaction is the use of electrolytes which are not liquid but, for example, gel-like.
• Electrolytes it is possible to suppress the electrochemical cell reaction locally so strong that a thermal runaway of the cell can be avoided.
• Non-liquid or viscous electrolytes for example, which contain a dispersion of an inert, ion transport-inhibiting material, are suitable for this purpose. Preference is given here organic
• Another possibility for inhibiting the cell reaction of a galvanic cell is to carry out the separator as a porous substrate and to provide him, preferably on one of its surfaces, with a material meltable by heat.
• the heat-fusible material is applied to the surface of the separator so that open areas remain, in which an ion transport can take place. This can be done, for example, by applying the material which melts with the heat to the separator in a matrix-like manner.
• This heat-melting material now melts at or near a predetermined limit temperature, so that the ion permeability of the substrate of the separator is significantly reduced, thereby effectively inhibiting the cell reaction of the galvanic cell.
• Figure 7 illustrates another class of embodiments of the present invention, the features of which can also be combined with the features of other embodiments.
• this class of embodiments there is a locally increased removal of locally increased heat produced by means of a locally increased thermal conductivity in the interior of the galvanic cell.
• One possibility for realizing these embodiments of the invention is to accommodate materials inside the cell whose thermal conductivity increases with increasing temperature.
• Such materials are known in relatively large numbers and well studied.
• such materials are chosen which behave chemically inert to the active components of the galvanic cell.
• Such materials may preferably be mixed as a dispersion or as a solution with the other constituents of the galvanic cell. But it is also possible, such
• a separator prepared in this way has a thermal conductivity that increases with increasing temperature.
• heat pumps such as Peltier-type heat pumps in the cell, which are then able to actively transport heat.
• Such heat pumps may be controlled by sensor signals by means of microprocessors, these sensor signals preferably representing temperatures measured inside the cell.
• the energy supply of such heat pumps could preferably be taken from the stabilizing galvanic cell itself via its electrodes or its electrical connection terminals.
• Heat pumps, in particular of the Peltier type can preferably also be used to improve the heat release over the outer limits of the cell.
• gel-like substances with high heat capacity and preferably a high evaporation rate.
• Gels are particularly suitable for the realization of these embodiments, because they prevent premature flow away of the cooling liquid components by their gel-like consistency. Because of the high heat capacity of water, water-based gels are a preferred one

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• Electromagnetism (AREA)
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• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-10-29 DE DE102009051216A patent/DE102009051216A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-10-22 JP JP2012535665A patent/JP2013509674A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-10-22 CN CN201080051874XA patent/CN102612777A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-10-22 WO PCT/EP2010/006475 patent/WO2011050930A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-10-22 BR BR112012010076A patent/BR112012010076A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-10-22 EP EP10779226A patent/EP2494640A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-10-22 US US13/504,934 patent/US20120308854A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-10-22 KR KR20127013626A patent/KR20120101026A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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